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Journal articles on the topic 'Arid restoration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 February 2023

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1

Wang, Hao, Guohua Liu, Zongshan Li, Pengtao Wang, and Zhuangzhuang Wang. "Comparative Assessment of Vegetation Dynamics under the Influence of Climate Change and Human Activities in Five Ecologically Vulnerable Regions of China from 2000 to 2015." Forests 10, no. 4 (April 7, 2019): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10040317.

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Ongoing climate change and human activities have a great effect on vegetation dynamics. Understanding the impact of climate change and human activities on vegetation dynamics in different ecologically vulnerable regions has great significance in ecosystem management. In this study, the predicted NPP (Net Primary Productivity) and the actual NPP based on different ecological process data and models were combined to estimate the vegetation dynamics and their driving forces in the Northern Wind-sand, Loess Plateau, Arid Desert, Tibetan Plateau, and Karst regions from 2000 to 2015. The results indicated that the NPP in all ecologically vulnerable regions showed a restoration trend, except for that in the Karst region, and the percentage of areas in which NPP increased were, in order, 78% for the Loess Plateau, 71% for the Northern Wind-sand, 69% for the Arid Desert, 54% for the Tibetan Plateau, and 31% for the Karst regions. Vegetation restorations in the Northern Wind-sand and Arid Desert regions were primarily attributable to human activities (86% and 61% of the restoration area, respectively), indicating the success of ecological restoration programs. The Loess Plateau had the largest proportion of vegetation restoration area (44%), which was driven by combined effects of climate and human factors. In the Tibetan Plateau, the vegetation changes due to climate factors were primarily distributed in the west, while those due to human factors were primarily distributed in the east. Human activities caused nearly 60% of the vegetation degradation in the Karst region. Based on these results, it is recognizable that regional climate conditions are the key factor that limits ecological restoration. Therefore, future policy-making should pay more attention to the local characteristics of different ecological vulnerable regions in regional ecosystem management to select reasonable restoration measures, improve restoration efficiency, and maximize the benefits of ecological restoration programs.

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2

Clothier, Van, and Ana Córdova. "RESTAURACIÓN HIDROLÓGICA DE PASTIZALES DEGRADADOS EN COMUNIDADES ÁRIDAS Y SEMIÁRIDAS." Vivienda y Comunidades Sustentables, no. 5 (January 1, 2019): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/rvcs.v0i5.64.

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Vivimos en el Antropoceno. La super cie com- pleta de la tierra ha sido impactada por la actividad humana y nuestro uso del suelo. En este con- texto, la mayoría de los pastizales en zonas áridas y semiáridas tienen procesos de degradación. Este trabajo describe los cambios provocados por la antropización del paisaje en pastizales del norte de México y Suroeste de Estados Unidos, y la forma como se comporta la hidrología de ellos ante diferentes intensidades de precipitación típicas de estas regiones. Se explican algunas causas principales del deterioro de pastizales en zonas semiáridas, se identifican estrategias sistémicas de atención a esas causas, y se presentan varias técnicas concretas de intervención en el paisaje que ayudan a la restauración de estos ecosistemas. Estas técnicas incluyen la restauración de trayectorias de flujo históricas, el drenaje de caminos con bordos de desvío, la colocación de hileras de postes para restaurar riberas erosionadas y de represas de una roca para la restauración de pequeños tributarios con procesos erosivos. Se documenta fotográficamente los efectos de estas intervenciones en el paisaje.

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3

Bainbridge, D. A. "Alternative Irrigation Systems for Arid Land Restoration." Ecological Restoration 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.20.1.23.

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4

Curtin, Charles G. "Livestock Grazing, Rest, and Restoration in Arid Landscapes." Conservation Biology 16, no. 3 (June 2002): 840–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01212.x.

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5

Padilla, Francisco M., Rafael Ortega, Joaquín Sánchez, and Francisco I. Pugnaire. "Rethinking species selection for restoration of arid shrublands." Basic and Applied Ecology 10, no. 7 (October 2009): 640–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2009.03.003.

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6

Green, DR. "Rangeland restoration projects in western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 11, no. 2 (1989): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9890110.

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The semi-arid to arid Western Division of New South Wales has suffered significant levels of land degradation due to overstocking by domestic animals and rabbits. Three major forms of land degradation are identified, soil erosion, woody weed growth and pasture quality decline. Restoration techniques developed and applied by the New South Wales Soil Conservation Service are presented and discussed. The successful techniques presented are contour furrowing and waterponding for sheet eroded or scalded areas, fire and blade ploughing for woody weed control and grazing management to reverse pasture decline. The lack of knowledge on pasture species responses to grazing management stimuli is highlighted.

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7

Zhang, Zhi-Hua, Hai-Ying Peng, and Yuhua Kong. "Effects of the “Grain for Green” Program on Soil Water Dynamics in the Semi-Arid Grassland of Inner Mongolia, China." Water 13, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152034.

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The Grain for Green Program (GGP) initiated by Chinese government significantly impacts mitigating environmental degradation. Soil water resources probably constrain large-scale vegetation restoration projects in arid and semi-arid regions. Characterizing soil water dynamics after the GGP’s implementation is essential in assessing whether vegetation restoration can be sustained as part of ecological restoration. In this study, four sites were selected for field investigation: original natural grassland (NG) and grassland that was reconverted from cropland 12 years (12-year site), 8 years (8-year site), and 6 years (6-year site) before. Soil water at five depths was measured continuously at 10 min intervals at four sites. The findings showed that less rainfall infiltrated a deeper soil layer as the time after restoration augmented, and the 12-year site had the shallowest infiltration depth and soil water storage. Younger restored grassland (8-year and 6-year sites) had a higher soil water content than older restored grassland (12-year site) and NG. The soil water content decreased steadily with restoration age after an immediate initial rise, and the highest soil moisture was in the 8-year site. The results suggest that soil water dynamics varied with GGP and a soil water deficit could be formed after the GGP’s implementation for 12 years in semi-arid grassland.

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8

Gornish, Elise, Hannah Arnold, and Jeffrey Fehmi. "Review of seed pelletizing strategies for arid land restoration." Restoration Ecology 27, no. 6 (October 16, 2019): 1206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.13045.

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9

James, Jeremy J., Tony J. Svejcar, and Matthew J. Rinella. "Demographic processes limiting seedling recruitment in arid grassland restoration." Journal of Applied Ecology 48, no. 4 (May 18, 2011): 961–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02009.x.

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10

Li, Bin-Bin, Pan-Pan Li, Wan-Tao Zhang, Jing-Yi Ji, Guo-Bin Liu, and Ming-Xiang Xu. "Deep soil moisture limits the sustainable vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau." Geoderma 399 (October 2021): 115122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115122.

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11

Jun-qing, Li, and Cui Guo-fa. "Conservation and restoration of degraded ecosystems in arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China." Journal of Forestry Research 11, no. 4 (December 2000): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02844968.

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12

Cao, Shixiong, Li Chen, David Shankman, Chunmei Wang, Xiongbin Wang, and Hong Zhang. "Excessive reliance on afforestation in China's arid and semi-arid regions: Lessons in ecological restoration." Earth-Science Reviews 104, no. 4 (February 2011): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.11.002.

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13

Shaiban, Houssam, Carla Khater, Johnny Fenianos, and Thierry Dutoit. "Hydroseeding for Restoring Degraded Semi-Arid Mediterranean Environments: A Review of Challenges." Lebanese Science Journal 22, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 38–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22453/lsj-022.1.038-067.

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Hydroseeding is a restoration technique commonly used in varied restoration projects. This literature review, encompassing about 100 published research papers from 1990 to 2020, revealed numerous limitations in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment. Challenges facing hydroseeding as a restoration tool in semi-arid Mediterranean environments were evaluated by analyzing different factors affecting ecological and technical levels. This issue was approached by sorting variables under either biotic or abiotic factors, further sub-dividing them under either natural-environmental or humaninfluenced factors. The review highlighted several constraints when applying hydroseeding techniques in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment: Slope steepness, slope aspect, high water runoff, low presence of water, mixing solutions used, and high cost for applying this technique are some of those constraints facing its success. Other shortcomings are related to the low success rate of commercial seed mixtures under harsh conditions, and their tendency to compete with native species. Moreover, the review provided recommendations to increase hydroseeding success by using varied techniques such as topsoil spreading, using native seeds, Mycorrhizal, or Rhizobium inoculation, and the use of nurse plants. Furthermore, environmental psychology approach was suggested as means to convey a better message and increase acceptability towards improved innovative suggestions.

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Feng, Siyuan, Xin Liu, Wenwu Zhao, Ying Yao, Ao Zhou, Xiaoxing Liu, and Paulo Pereira. "Key Areas of Ecological Restoration in Inner Mongolia Based on Ecosystem Vulnerability and Ecosystem Service." Remote Sensing 14, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122729.

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Inner Mongolia is located in China’s arid and semi-arid regions, with sensitive and fragile ecosystems at risk of increased desertification, necessitating ecological restoration. However, economic resources for large-scale ecological restoration are often scarce, so it is vital to identify key areas for ecological restoration. Previous desertification research has focused mainly on the condition and changes in soil or vegetation. However, not all changes in soil or vegetation directly impact humans. New perspectives are increasingly needed to bridge the gap between biophysical and human well-being. We construct a framework to identify priority restoration areas based on ecosystem services and ecosystem vulnerability over a long time series. The results show that: (1) soil conservation services in northeast and southwest Inner Mongolia have degraded. Sand fixation services in central and eastern Inner Mongolia have shown a degradation trend. Habitat quality has been generally stable and sporadic in the past 20 years. (2) The areas with higher ecosystem vulnerability are concentrated in the northeast, mainly due to higher climate exposure and climate sensitivity but relatively lower climate resilience in the northeast. (3) Compared with the results of ecological restoration areas identified based on the trends of traditional vegetation indicators (fractional vegetation cover and net primary productivity), we found a greater proportion of land in northeastern Inner Mongolia in need of restoration. Additionally, there was identified a decreased restoration proportion in southwestern Inner Mongolia to ensure the self-restoration and regulation of desert ecosystems, which is conducive to realizing nature-based solutions.

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Mueller, Julie M., Adrienne B. Soder, and Abraham E. Springer. "Valuing attributes of forest restoration in a semi-arid watershed." Landscape and Urban Planning 184 (April 2019): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.12.012.

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Wang, Ge, Depeng Yue, Teng Niu, and Qiang Yu. "Regulated Ecosystem Services Trade-Offs: Synergy Research and Driver Identification in the Vegetation Restoration Area of the Middle Stream of the Yellow River." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030718.

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In arid and semi-arid regions, vegetation restoration will have a significant impact on ecosystem services (ESs). Accurate assessment of the relationship and driving mechanism between ESs will play an important role in the implementation of subsequent vegetation restoration projects and ecosystem management. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and identify the relationship between ESs, and explore the impact and driving mechanism of ecological restoration on the relationship between ESs. Taking the middle reaches of the Yellow River as the study area, this study analyzed three ESs including: Net Primary Productivity (NPP), soil conservation (SC), and water yield (WY), in the vegetation restoration area (VRA) in the middle reaches of the Yellow River for 20 years (2000–2010 and 2010–2020 years(a)). Taking the ecological restoration unit (ERU) as the evaluation unit, we evaluated the impact of three vegetation restoration models on ESs. Using geo-detectors to identify the economic, social and natural drivers that affect the relationship between ESS. The results showed the following: (1) Different vegetation restoration models will lead to significant differences in the restoration rate for ESs. They will lead to an increase in the recovery rate of NPP and SC. The first vegetation restoration mode and the third planting restoration mode will reduce the restoration rate for the WY. (2) The three vegetation restoration models will enhance the synergistic relationship between NPP and SC. They will weaken the trade-off relationship between NPP and WY, SC and WY. (3) Temperature, precipitation, and NDVI will affect the changes in ESs in VRAs. The ESs trade-off-synergy relationship will be affected by precipitation, NDVI, and GDP. This study showed that, with the implementation of vegetation restoration projects, ESs in time and space and the complex heterogeneity of ESs will affect ecosystem management. The results of this study will be helpful for the implementation of subsequent vegetation restoration projects and provide scientific advice for ecosystem management.

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17

Louhaichi, Mounir, Mouldi Gamoun, Farah Ben Salem, and Azaiez Ouled Belgacem. "Rangeland Biodiversity and Climate Variability: Supporting the Need for Flexible Grazing Management." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 7124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137124.

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Resting or grazing exclusion is an effective practice widely adopted to restore degraded, arid rangelands. To understand its effect on plant diversity, we studied Hill’s diversity indices during two growing seasons (2017–2019). The experiment consisted of a three-level factorial design with four plant communities subjected to different resting durations (one, two, and three years) compared to continuously grazed areas (control). The results showed that rainfall plays an important role in arid rangeland restoration. Under favorable conditions, one-year grazing exclusion considerably enhanced species richness and evenness diversity compared to longer resting durations under dry to average rainfall conditions. The decision to how long livestock grazing exclusion would last should not be decided upfront as it depends on the climatic and the site-specific conditions. The findings of this study will have vital management implications for development agencies. Knowing that short grazing exclusion with adequate rainfall amount and distribution could be enough and offers a cost-effective technical option to ensure the sustainable restoration of arid rangeland. This flexible grazing management would also be more acceptable by the pastoral communities. Longer resting periods could have detrimental effects on arid rangeland vegetation, in addition to adding more pressure on the remaining rangeland areas open to grazing.

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18

Gerlak, Andrea K., Susanna Eden, Sharon Megdal, Kelly Mott Lacroix, and Andrew Schwarz. "Restoration and river management in the arid southwestern USA: exploring project design trends and features." Water Policy 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 461–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.058.

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River restoration activities are becoming increasingly common in many communities today. Such efforts in Arizona are illustrative of a larger ecosystem and river restoration trend underway nationally and internationally. This paper examines river restoration efforts in Arizona in the context of changing federal and state agency missions and local priorities. Restoration projects on four significant rivers are analyzed with a keen look at the design features they share. Multiple purpose goals, collaborative funding and support, community involvement, and monitoring and maintenance emerged as important project design features. We found that the extent to which these features were planned and implemented in any given project varied with several factors such as size, accessibility to urban populations and the mission of the principal sponsoring entity.

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19

Zhou, Chaowei, Xiaoming Feng, Yichu Huang, Xiaofeng Wang, and Xinrong Zhang. "The Indirect Impact of Surface Vegetation Improvement on the Climate Response of Sand-Dust Events in Northern China." Atmosphere 12, no. 3 (March 6, 2021): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030339.

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Extensive ecosystem restoration is increasingly seen as an essential practice to mitigate climate change and protect the ecological environment. However, the indirect impact of surface vegetation improvement on the regional climate, such as the climate effect of sand-dust events reduction, has never been evaluated. Here, we estimated the feedback of temperature and precipitation on the change of sand-dust events, arising from the vegetation growth with ecological restoration, using a simple theoretical framework with a series of scenario simulations based on a regional climate model (RegCM). The results showed that revegetation reduced dust emissions, with a contribution rate of approximately 40.15%. With the combined influence of ecological restoration and climate change, the cooling effect of sand-dust events strengthened with the increase in the intensity of sand-dust events, which is mainly caused by the strong absorption of shortwave radiation by the atmosphere. The response of precipitation was uncertain because of tropospheric circulation feedback and shortwave radiation absorption. Our results also indicate that changes in sand-dust events caused by vegetation restoration play important roles in shaping the future climate near the arid and semi-arid regions of northern China. The climatic effects of sand-dust events should be included in assessing ecological restoration impacts to promote sustainable development and enhance our understanding of climate change.

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Wang, Rang Hui. "Arid Environmental Characters Based on Eco-Information Transfer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 1840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.1840.

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Information type is complex diversity in accord with their characteristics including in arid area. Patterns of information linkage are studied in different matters,such as,between organisms and water, and between plant and animal, etc.The characters and process of the information transfer are also expounded, which is significant importance for understanding the mechanism, pattern, and tendency of building up models for restoration of the degraded arid environment. Based on investigation and analysis,ecological information characteristics have been pointed out,such as,multi-variate,multi-source,scale,compound,multi-dimension,complexity and systemic feature,and so on.Information flow and its simulation in arid environment also has its special features.

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21

Van den Berg, Loraine, and Klaus Kellner. "Important factors for local ecotype selection in restoration applications." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 29, no. 4 (January 13, 2010): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v29i4.22.

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The type of restoration application in degraded natural rangelands will depend on the degree of degradation. Degraded areas that are beyond the threshold of natural recovery normally need active restoration interventions. This includes the disturbance of the soil surface or the removal of undesired and alien species to reduce the competitive effect on the existing vegetation. One of the main goals of restoration in degraded arid and semi-arid rangelands is to increase the grazing capacity for livestock production. Active restoration interventions include re-seeding or re-vegetation with local ecotype selected species, adapted to the speciﬁc soil and climatic conditions of the area. To facilitate seed germination and seedling establishment, the restoration practice should also include protection measures such as brush packing or any cover by other organic matter. The timing of re-seeding is dependent on the seasonality and precipitation, especially in areas where rainfall events are erratic and unpredictable. Re-seeding of large degraded areas with speciﬁc ecotype selected species greatly depends on the availability of seed. This is a major limiting factor as most seed available from seed merchants are used for cultivated pastures, and do not include seed of local ecotype species that are adapted to a certain environment. To collect large quantities of seed represented by a speciﬁc habitat is very labor intensive and often not cost effective. Furthermore, if local ecotype selected seed is used, the quality, viability and purity are often not of a high standard, leading to poor restoration results. Although the economic implication and short term results of a restoration application are often regarded as determining factors, the ecological importance and improvement in the range condition should not be underestimated. Restoration applications have to be implemented according to a predetermined plan and should include monitoring and sound long-term management principles.

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22

Canton Castilla, Yolanda, Beatriz Roncero-Ramos, Raul Román Fernández, Emilio Rodríguez Caballero, and Sonia Chamizo de la Piedra. "Biocrust restoration: a key tool to recover degraded arid ecosystem functioning." Ecosistemas 30, no. 3 (December 24, 2021): 2236. http://dx.doi.org/10.7818/ecos.2236.

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Las biocostras son comunidades de organismos autótrofos y heterótrofos que viven en la superficie del 12% de los suelos de la Tierra, donde actúan como ingenieras del ecosistema. Son muy sensibles al cambio climático y a las alteraciones ocasionadas por diferentes actividades antrópicas. En este trabajo, revisamos los impactos de ambos tipos de perturbaciones, que afectan negativamente a los ciclos biogeoquímicos, al balance de agua y al de energía, aceleran los procesos erosivos y la emisión de polvo y reducen la biodiversidad disminuyendo la capacidad de los ecosistemas para proveer servicios. Exploramos la capacidad de estas comunidades para recuperarse naturalmente, que, en general, requiere mucho tiempo el establecimiento de las comunidades de etapas sucesionales más tardías. Por ello, han surgido nuevas biotecnologías para acelerar su restauración, basadas en la inoculación de organismos formadores de biocostra. Se revisan los principales resultados de dos grupos de estrategias atendiendo al origen de los propágulos de biocostras: a) la translocación de fragmentos de biocostras de un área donante en favor de una degradada. Se recomienda para alteraciones planificadas en las que se use la biocostra existente antes de la alteración; b) cultivo a gran escala de organismos formadores de biocostra (cianobacterias, líquenes, musgos o la comunidad completa) en laboratorio o vivero para ser inoculados, posteriormente, en áreas degradadas. Finalmente, se identifican los retos futuros para maximizar el éxito de la restauración y conservación de las biocostras.

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Wyatt, Clinton J. W., Frances C. O'Donnell, and Abraham E. Springer. "Semi-Arid Aquifer Responses to Forest Restoration Treatments and Climate Change." Groundwater 53, no. 2 (March 25, 2014): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12184.

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Wang, Yong, Minjian Chen, Long Yan, Guiyu Yang, Jing Ma, and Wei Deng. "Quantifying Threshold Water Tables for Ecological Restoration in Arid Northwestern China." Groundwater 58, no. 1 (August 29, 2019): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12934.

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Li, Chenhui, Lisa M. Fultz, Jennifer Moore-Kucera, Veronica Acosta-Martínez, Mamatha Kakarla, and David C. Weindorf. "Soil microbial community restoration in Conservation Reserve Program semi-arid grasslands." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 118 (March 2018): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.12.001.

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Cortina, J., B. Amat, V. Castillo, D. Fuentes, F. T. Maestre, F. M. Padilla, and L. Rojo. "The restoration of vegetation cover in the semi-arid Iberian southeast." Journal of Arid Environments 75, no. 12 (December 2011): 1377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.08.003.

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Xu, S., X. Jiang, Y. Liu, Y. Fu, and Q. Zhao. "Ecological restoration and effect investigation of a river wetland in a semi-arid region, China." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 368 (May 7, 2015): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-368-417-2015.

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Abstract. River wetlands are heavily impacted by human intervention. The degradation and loss of river wetlands has made the restoration of river ecosystems a top priority. How to rehabilitate rivers and their services has been a research focus. The main goal of it is to restore the river wetland ecosystems with ecological methods. The Gudong River was selected as a study site in Chaoyang city in this study. Based on the analysis of interference factors in the river wetland degradation, a set of restoration techniques were proposed and designed for regional water level control, including submerged dikes, ecological embankments, revegetation and dredging. The restoration engineering has produced good results in water quality, eco-environment, and landscape. Monthly reports of the Daling River show that the water quality of Gudong River was better than Grade III in April 2013 compared with Grade V in May 2012. The economic benefit after restoration construction is 1.71 million RMB per year, about 1.89 times that before. The ratio of economic value, social value and eco-environmental value is 1:4:23.

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Jin, T. T., B. J. Fu, G. H. Liu, and Z. Wang. "Hydrologic feasibility of artificial forestation in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 8 (August 15, 2011): 2519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2519-2011.

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Abstract. Hydrologic viability, in terms of moisture availability, is fundamental to ecosystem sustainability in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, we examine the spatial distribution and after-planting variations of soil moisture content (SMC) in black locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) plantings in the Loess Plateau of China at a regional scale. Thirty sites (5 to 45 yr old) were selected, spanning an area of 300 km by 190 km in the northern region of the Shaanxi Province. The SMC was measured to a depth of 100 cm at intervals of 10 cm. Geographical, topographic and vegetation information was recorded, and soil organic matter was evaluated. The results show that, at the regional scale, SMC spatial variability was most highly correlated with rainfall. The negative relationship between the SMC at a depth of 20–50 cm and the stand age was stronger than at other depths, although this relationship was not significant at a 5 % level. Watershed analysis shows that the after-planting SMC variation differed depending upon precipitation. The SMC of plantings in areas receiving sufficient precipitation (e.g., mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 617 mm) may increase with stand age due to improvements in soil water-holding capacity and water-retention abilities after planting. For areas experiencing water shortages (e.g., MAP = 509 mm), evapotranspiration may cause planting soils to dry within the first 20 yr of growth. It is expected that, as arid and semi-arid plantings age, evapotranspiration will decrease, and the soil profile may gradually recover. In extremely dry areas (e.g., MAP = 352 mm), the variation in after-planting SMC with stand age was found to be negligible. The MAP can be used as an index to divide the study area into different ecological regions. Afforestation may sequentially exert positive, negative and negligible effects on SMCs with a decrease in the MAP. Therefore, future restoration measures should correspond to the local climate conditions, and the MAP should be a major consideration for the Loess Plateau. Large-scale and long-term research on the effects of restoration projects on SMCs is needed to support more effective restoration policies. The interaction between afforestation and local environmental conditions, particularly water availability to plants, should be taken into account in afforestation campaigns in arid and semi-arid areas.

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Hou, Jian, Menghan Wu, and Haobo Feng. "Applying Trait-Based Modeling to Achieve Functional Targets during the Ecological Restoration of an Arid Mine Area." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (November 13, 2022): 2833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112833.

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(1) Background: Because ecosystem degradation has become a global phenomenon which seriously affects the health of natural ecosystems and human well-being, restoration of degraded ecosystems has attracted increasing attention. However, many of the methods used in current ecological restoration work have rarely combined ecological restoration practices with the quantitative goal of restoring ecosystem function. (2) Methods: In this study, based on the conceptual framework of response-effect traits and Community Assembly by Trait Selection model (CATS model), a restoration strategy for a degraded abandoned mine in Wuhai City, China has been provided. This restoration strategy connected the ecosystem function targets to the appropriate recovery species and their required abundances. (3) Results: The results showed that a relative abundance ratio of 8:2 for S. grandis to B. dasyphylla was best for a shady slope, while a 6:4 ratio of K. tragus to B. dasyphylla was best for repair on a sunny slope of the degraded mine area. (4) Conclusion: This study provides a typical example of applying ecological theory in practice that will be useful for current and future studies and applications. This approach will ensure that governance efforts to restore degraded ecosystems are effective and efficient.

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Aronson, J., C. Floret, E. Floc'h, C. Ovalle, and R. Pontanier. "Restoration and Rehabilitation of Degraded Ecosystems in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands. I. A View from the South." Restoration Ecology 1, no. 1 (March 1993): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.1993.tb00004.x.

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Lyu, Xin, Xiaobing Li, Dongliang Dang, Huashun Dou, Kai Wang, Jirui Gong, Hong Wang, and Shiliang Liu. "A Perspective on the Impact of Grassland Degradation on Ecosystem Services for the Purpose of Sustainable Management." Remote Sensing 14, no. 20 (October 13, 2022): 5120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205120.

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Grassland degradation seriously threatens the ability of grassland to provide ecosystem services. Grassland ecological restoration and sustainable management decision making depends on an accurate understanding of the impacts of grassland degradation on ecosystem services. Based on the assessment of grassland degradation and four key ecosystem services, including the net primary production (NPP), ecosystem carbon pool (EC), soil conservation (SC), and soil loss by wind (SL), the impacts of grassland degradation on ecosystem services and their relationships were analyzed. The impacts of climate change and grazing pressure on the relationship between grassland degradation and ecosystem services were revealed. Based on the “climate change and grazing pressure-grassland degradation-ecosystem services” network, the study puts forward specific suggestions on grassland ecological restoration and sustainable management under the premise of fully balancing ecological restoration and stakeholder relationships. The results showed that grassland degradation had a significant impact on ecosystem services and their relationships, but it varied with the types of ecosystem services. Although the degraded grassland in the study area has been in a state of recovery and ecosystem services have been improving in the past 20 years, the degradation of grassland in some areas has intensified, and there are still ecological risks, so it is necessary to continue to carry out ecological restoration work. On this basis, taking the local conditions into consideration, grassland ecological restoration and sustainable management policy suggestions were proposed. The study can provide a scientific reference for ecological protection and sustainable development in arid and semi-arid areas, and help to improve human well-being.

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Li, Haonian, Zhongju Meng, Xiaohong Dang, and Puchang Yang. "Checkerboard Barriers Attenuate Soil Particle Loss and Promote Nutrient Contents of Soil." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 23, 2022): 10492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710492.

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In the arid and semi-arid regions of the world, checkerboard barriers play a vital role in ecological restoration. However, the improvement of soil quality in the later stages of lattice barrier-laying is an issue that is not yet known. This study selected dunes lined with Salix psammophila (SL) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) checkerboard barriers in the desert zone of an arid zone, and no-barrier dunes were used as the control area. We assessed the soil properties of different dunes’ windward slopes using a combination of particle size characteristics and soil nutrients and using soil nutrients to build a soil quality index (SQI). The laying of checkerboard barriers has a positive effect on the accumulation of fine soil particles and the improvement of soil quality. It ultimately leads to an increase in fractal dimension in the 0–2 cm and 2–4 cm soil layers. SQI and soil nutrients show consistent trends. The SQI of the different dune types follows the order: SL (0.22) > HDPE (0.14) > CK (0.12). We also found an interaction between soil nutrients and particle characteristics through statistical analysis. With a comprehensive assessment of checkerboard barriers installed on dunes, SL can provide better soil restoration benefits.

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ZHAO, Wenwu, Xuening FANG, Stefani DARYANTO, Xiao ZHANG, and Yaping WANG. "Factors influencing soil moisture in the Loess Plateau, China: a review." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 109, no. 3-4 (September 2018): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000671.

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ABSTRACTSoil moisture is a key issue for eco-hydrological research in arid and semi-arid regions, and is primarily concerned with water availability for vegetation. Shallow and deep soil moisture occurs according to the maximum infiltration depth. Soil moisture has three-dimensional characteristics: inter-layer variability, horizontal heterogeneity and temporal variability. Soil moisture is affected by various factors including terrain, soil characteristics, climate and vegetation, and the effects of these change with time (e.g., rainfall patterns) and space (e.g., soil depth). In arid and semi-arid regions, deep soil moisture is of particular importance to vegetation restoration and the evaluation of vegetation sustainability; however, accurate prediction of the spatial distribution of deep soil moisture in the Loess Plateau of China still faces numerous challenges. Therefore, future research should focus on the mechanisms, models and scale effects of soil moisture, particularly for deep soil moisture.

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LAGARDE, F., T. LOUZIZI, T. SLIMANI, H. EL MOUDEN, K. BEN KADDOUR, S. MOULHERAT, and X. BONNET. "Bushes protect tortoises from lethal overheating in arid areas of Morocco." Environmental Conservation 39, no. 2 (January 19, 2012): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000634.

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SUMMARYArid Mediterranean regions that shelter unique biodiversity are threatened by increasing anthropogenic pressures, such as urbanization, overgrazing and climate change. In Morocco, one of the main bush species in arid areas, the jujube (Ziziphus lotus), suffers from officially promoted programmes of removal. The Moorish tortoise (Testudo graeca soussensis) is threatened by such habitat loss. Like most animals, the Moorish tortoise must navigate between microhabitats to find essential feeding resources and thermal refuges. This study combined radio-tracking of free-ranging individuals, microhabitat temperature monitoring and transects in a range of habitats. Tortoises were found to depend on the occurrence of large and relatively abundant bushes to escape lethal overheating. Thus, (1) current official encouragements for the destruction of the jujube bushes should be reappraised; (2) habitat restoration relying on replanting jujube bush should be encouraged; and (3) large-scale monitoring of critical bush densities should be used to better organize conservation plans (protection and/or restoration of areas) for the Moorish tortoise.

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Kotzen, Benz. "COST action ES1104 “Arid lands restoration and combat of desertification: Setting up a drylands and desert restoration hub”." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 61, no. 3 (May 4, 2015): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2014.951878.

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Hou, Kun, Jiping Wang, and Xiuru Wang. "Characteristic and Attribution of Runoff Variation in the Yanhe River Basin, Loess Plateau, Based on the Budyko Hypothesis." Water 14, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030495.

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The ecological restoration projects in the Loess Plateau (LP) has significantly altered the underlying surface conditions, coupled with a warming–wetting climate, which has profoundly affected the regional water cycle. Evaluating the response of runoff to external environmental change and quantitatively identifying the contribution of anthropogenic interference and climate change are prerequisites for efficient utilization of water resources in arid/semi-arid regions. Daily recorded data of hydrological and meteorological elements between 1969 and 2019 and the elasticity coefficient method based on Budyko hypothesis were used for attribution analysis of runoff change in the Yanhe River basin. The results show the following: (1) the measured runoff decreased significantly (p < 0.05, –0.2845 mm year−1), and suggested substantial difference before and after 2000; (2) the area of woodland and grassland had a sharp increase from 2000, while the elasticity of runoff to precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (ET0), and vegetation all decreased; (3) the improvement of underlying surface conditions has become the leading factor of runoff reduction with a contribution of 96.78%; (4) the impact of vegetation restoration on runoff reduction is effective within a certain threshold. We consider that more attention should be paid to the afforestation scale and its possible negative eco-hydrological effects in future ecological restoration.

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Jiao, Ayong, Zikang Wang, Xiaoya Deng, Hongbo Ling, and Fulong Chen. "Eco-Hydrological Response of Water Conveyance in the Mainstream of the Tarim River, China." Water 14, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 2622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14172622.

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Desert riparian vegetation forms an ecological corridor in extremely arid environments, and ecological water conveyance is an important measure of vegetation restoration and biodiversity conservation in desert riparian zones. Studying the responses of vegetation to ecological water conveyance and changes in this process in arid desert riparian zones and assessing the comprehensive benefits of ecological water conveyance are highly significant for ecological conservation and restoration in addition to the formulation of water transfer policies. Previous studies mainly used a single indicator to evaluate the ecological restoration of the mainstream Tarim River in Northwest China; thus, systematic and comprehensive assessments based on multiple indicators have not been conducted. In the present study, remote sensing data and field surveys were used to analyze the ecological restoration status of the Tarim River during 2015–2021 in terms of hydrological responses, vegetation responses, and ecological water conveyance benefits. The results showed that groundwater levels and soil moisture in the mainstream area of the Tarim River increased significantly from 2015 to 2021. The amount of groundwater storage also increased. Ecological water conveyance has created good hydrological conditions for groundwater recharge and ecological restoration on both sides of the mainstream area of the Tarim River. Desert forest ecosystems, mainly comprising Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima, have been saved and rejuvenated in water conveyance areas. After ecological water conveyance, the Simpson and Shannon–Wiener indices increased significantly, but the diversity level began to decline and then stabilize with the increase in water conveyance frequency. The overall habitat status improved and the quality of the ecological environment below the Wusiman section of the middle reaches of the Tarim River improved significantly.

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Silva, Elysa, Mchich Derak, Emilio Climent-Gil, Antonio Aledo, Andreu Bonet, Germán López, and Jordi Cortina-Segarra. "Participatory planning for ecological restoration of a highly anthropised semi-arid landscape." Ecosistemas 30, no. 3 (December 24, 2021): 2266. http://dx.doi.org/10.7818/ecos.2266.

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La restauración ecológica tiene un enorme potencial para proteger la biodiversidad, aumentar el suministro de servicios ecosistémicos y mejorar el bienestar humano. Para desarrollar plenamente este potencial y hacerlo de una manera eficiente, es necesario diseñar procedimientos operativos que permitan identificar acciones y zonas prioritarias para la restauración. Estos procedimientos, además, deben armonizar los múltiples criterios de priorización y las múltiples expectativas sobre sus resultados. En este estudio hemos diseñado y aplicado un sistema de identificación de zonas de alta prioridad para la restauración de un paisaje semiárido muy antropizado en el sureste de la península ibérica. Nuestra aproximación conjuga los criterios de prioridad identificados y ponderados por una plataforma de partes interesadas, y la efectividad de la restauración, medida como incremento potencial en el suministro de servicios. Las partes interesadas identificaron y ponderaron 33 criterios de priorización y 24 servicios ecosistémicos. Las zonas de alta prioridad para la restauración, según criterio de la plataforma, coincidieron sustancialmente con zonas de alto suministro de servicios. Por el contrario, estas zonas apenas se solapaban con zonas de alta efectividad. Nuestro estudio muestra que ambas aproximaciones pueden contribuir, de forma complementaria, a mejorar la calidad de las decisiones y facilitar el consenso entre las partes. Nuestra metodología es flexible y puede ser replicada en otros paisajes, incluso fuera del ámbito del estudio.

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Garcia, Carlos, Teresa Hernandez, Maria D Coll, and Sara Ondoño. "Organic amendments for soil restoration in arid and semiarid areas: a review." AIMS Environmental Science 4, no. 5 (2017): 640–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2017.4.640.

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Garcia, Carlos, Teresa Hernandez, Maria D Coll, and Sara Ondoño. "Organic amendments for soil restoration in arid and semiarid areas: a review." AIMS Environmental Science 4, no. 5 (2017): 640–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2017.5.640.

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Cai, Diwen, Quansheng Ge, Xunming Wang, Baoli Liu, Andrew S. Goudie, and Shi Hu. "Contributions of ecological programs to vegetation restoration in arid and semiarid China." Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 114046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abbde9.

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Allen, Edith B. "The restoration of disturbed arid landscapes with special reference to mycorrhizal fungi." Journal of Arid Environments 17, no. 2 (September 1989): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)30916-9.

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Shao, Qi, Wei Gu, Quan-yu Dai, Saito Makoto, and Yang Liu. "Effectiveness of geotextile mulches for slope restoration in semi-arid northern China." CATENA 116 (May 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.12.006.

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Huang, Lin, Tong Xiao, Zhiping Zhao, Chaoyang Sun, Jiyuan Liu, Quanqin Shao, Jiangwen Fan, and Junbang Wang. "Effects of grassland restoration programs on ecosystems in arid and semiarid China." Journal of Environmental Management 117 (March 2013): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.12.040.

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Román, J. R., A. M. Chilton, Y. Cantón, and M. Muñoz-Rojas. "Assessing the viability of cyanobacteria pellets for application in arid land restoration." Journal of Environmental Management 270 (September 2020): 110795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110795.

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Muñoz‐Rojas, Miriam, Paloma Hueso‐Gonzalez, Cristina Branquinho, and Thomas Baumgartl. "Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded land in arid and semiarid environments: Editorial." Land Degradation & Development 32, no. 1 (September 3, 2020): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3640.

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Sacande, Moctar, Antonio Martucci, and Andreas Vollrath. "Monitoring Large-Scale Restoration Interventions from Land Preparation to Biomass Growth in the Sahel." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 3767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183767.

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In this work we demonstrate that restoration interventions in arid to semi-arid landscapes can be independently assessed by remote sensing methods throughout all phases. For early verification, we use Sentinel-1 radar imagery that is sensitive to changes in soil roughness and thus able to rapidly detect disturbances due to mechanised ploughing, including identification of the time of occurrence and the surface area prepared for planting. Subsequently, time series of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from high-resolution imagery enabled tracking and verifying of the increase in biomass and the long-term impact of restoration interventions. We assessed 111 plots within the Great Green Wall area in Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria and Senegal. For 58 plots, the interventions were successfully verified, corresponding to an area of more than 7000 ha of degraded land. Comparatively, these computerised data were matched with field data and high-resolution imagery, for which the NDVI was used as an indicator of subsequent biomass growth in the plots. The trends were polynomial and presented clear vegetation gains for the monthly aggregates over the last 2 years (2018–2020). The qualitative data on planted species also showed an increase in biodiversity as direct sown seeds of a minimum of 10 native Sahel species (six woody mixed with four fodder herbaceous species) were planted per hectare. This innovative and standardised monitoring method provides an objective and timely assessment of restoration interventions and will likely appeal more actors to confidently invest in restoration as a part of zero-net climate mitigation.

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Yang, Bo. "The Research of Zoology Restoration Project on Construction Waste Slag in Arid Region." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2897–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2897.

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The construction of large-scale excavation and track tools brings vast waste slag which not only aggravates land erosion, but also causes a series of zoology problem. This article expands measures of zoology reparative project which provides useful signification for waste slag harness of construction project in arid region through analyses to waste slag status.

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Wang, Juan, and Rui Wang. "The Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil Crust in Straw Checkerboards with Different Ages in the Mu Us Sandland, Northern China." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 4755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174755.

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Straw checkerboards, as a mechanical sand barrier, are one of the most important engineering measures for sand control and vegetation restoration. In this study, we characterized the physical and chemical properties of soil crust treated with straw checkerboard in the Mu Us Sandland, Northern China, and investigated the mechanism of sand stabilization and revegetation in the arid area. We collected soil crust from 1.0 × 1.0 m straw checkerboards after revegetation intermittently over 10 years, and then measured properties such as soil particle size composition, bulk density, soil nutrients, pH, and other indicators in the laboratory. During the progress of straw checkerboard treatment, the results showed a significant decrease in percentage of soil crusts sand and a corresponding increase in the portion of silt and clay with straw checkerboard treatment years. The age of straw checkerboard treatment was positively correlated with soil nutrients, such as organic matter, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P, and available K. While pH showed a slightly rising trend, electrical conductivity (EC) was negatively correlated with crust life. The number of plant species has significantly changed, herbaceous vegetation succession being replaced by shrubs over 10 years, and vegetation coverage peaked at the sixth year. This study can represent a successful example of restoration in arid desert regions, thereby supplying more theoretical basis for sand fixation and dessert restoration.

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Cheng, Yiben, Hongbin Zhan, Wenbin Yang, Hongzhong Dang, and Wei Li. "Is annual recharge coefficient a valid concept in arid and semi-arid regions?" Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 10 (October 6, 2017): 5031–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5031-2017.

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Abstract. Deep soil recharge (DSR) (at depth greater than 200 cm) is an important part of water circulation in arid and semi-arid regions. Quantitative monitoring of DSR is of great importance to assess water resources and to study water balance in arid and semi-arid regions. This study used a typical bare land on the eastern margin of Mu Us Sandy Land in the Ordos Basin of China as an example to illustrate a new lysimeter method of measuring DSR to examine if the annual recharge coefficient is valid or not in the study site, where the annual recharge efficient is the ratio of annual DSR over annual total precipitation. Positioning monitoring was done on precipitation and DSR measurements underneath mobile sand dunes from 2013 to 2015 in the study area. Results showed that use of an annual recharge coefficient for estimating DSR in bare sand land in arid and semi-arid regions is questionable and could lead to considerable errors. It appeared that DSR in those regions was influenced by precipitation pattern and was closely correlated with spontaneous strong precipitation events (with precipitation greater than 10 mm) other than the total precipitation. This study showed that as much as 42 % of precipitation in a single strong precipitation event can be transformed into DSR. During the observation period, the maximum annual DSR could make up 24.33 % of the annual precipitation. This study provided a reliable method of estimating DSR in sandy areas of arid and semi-arid regions, which is valuable for managing groundwater resources and ecological restoration in those regions. It also provided strong evidence that the annual recharge coefficient was invalid for calculating DSR in arid and semi-arid regions. This study shows that DSR is closely related to the strong precipitation events, rather than to the average annual precipitation, as well as the precipitation patterns.

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