Academic literature on the topic 'Arkansas – History – Juvenile literature'
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Journal articles on the topic "Arkansas – History – Juvenile literature"
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Kim, Yong-hee. "Significance of Hwang Sunwon’s juvenile novels in the history of children’s literature." Korean Journal of Children's Literature Studies 37 (December 31, 2019): 81–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24286/kjcls.2019.12.37.81.
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Vuzitas, Alexis, and Claudiu Manea. "Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma – literature review and case series." Romanian Journal of Rhinology 8, no. 29 (March 1, 2018): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjr-2018-0002.
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Abstract Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a rare benign tumour of vascular origin found in adolescent males, originating around the sphenopalatine foramen. Although the exact pathogenesis of the tumour is not yet known, natural history and growth patterns can be predicted. JNA progressively involves the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal fossa and, in severe cases, an orbital or intracranial extension can be seen. Early diagnosis based on clinical examination and imaging is mandatory to ensure the best resectability of the tumour, as small to moderate tumours can be managed exclusively endoscopically. Preoperative angiography can reveal the vascular sources and allow embolization to prevent significant bleeding. We present a brief literature review followed by our case series of endoscopic removal of 7 juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas.
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Sanchez, Alison B., and S. Charles Bolton. "Gerstacker's Arkansas: An Experiment in Museum-Scholar Cooperation." Journal of American Culture 12, no. 2 (June 1989): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-734x.1989.1202_55.x.
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Mickenberg, Julia. "Civil Rights, History, and the Left: Inventing the Juvenile Black Biography." MELUS 27, no. 2 (2002): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3250602.
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Orgeron, Rhett. "Complications of refractory juvenile dermatomyositis: a case report and literature review." MOJ Clinical & Medical Case Reports 11, no. 1 (2021): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojcr.2021.11.00371.
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We present a 29-year-old male with a history of treatment resistant juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). The patient was admitted for complaints of nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain and was subsequently found to have intestinal perforation on imaging. The patient had also exhibited classic dermatologic findings alongside rare dermato-pathological manifestations of JDM on examination; likely consequences of his underlying disease process. This case serves to present these rare findings and analyze the similarities of JDM and adult dermatomyositis (DM). In addition, overall diagnosis and treatment of resistant/severe JDM is explored. High clinical suspicion alongside an interdisciplinary approach is warranted for such patients given their extensive risk factors for future complications.
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Nicolai, Piero, Alberto Schreiber, and Andrea Bolzoni Villaret. "Juvenile Angiofibroma: Evolution of Management." International Journal of Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/412545.
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Juvenile angiofibroma is a rare benign lesion originating from the pterygopalatine fossa with distinctive epidemiologic features and growth patterns. The typical patient is an adolescent male with a clinical history of recurrent epistaxis and nasal obstruction. Although the use of nonsurgical therapies is described in the literature, surgery is currently considered the ideal treatment for juvenile angiofibroma. Refinement in preoperative embolization has provided significant reduction of complications and intraoperative bleeding with minimal risk of residual disease. During the last decade, an endoscopic technique has been extensively adopted as a valid alternative to external approaches in the management of small-intermediate size juvenile angiofibromas. Herein, we review the evolution in the management of juvenile angiofibroma with particular reference to recent advances in diagnosis and treatment.
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Gleadle, Kathryn, and Ryan Hanley. "CHILDREN AGAINST SLAVERY: JUVENILE AGENCY AND THE SUGAR BOYCOTTS IN BRITAIN." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 30 (November 11, 2020): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440120000055.
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AbstractIn late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Britain, many contemporaries observed a striking phenomenon: that children were especially active in the boycotts of sugar produced by enslaved people. First-hand accounts often suggested that children's activism was unilateral and unmediated, whereas historians of British abolitionism have tended to assume that children were passive recipients of antislavery literature and adult influence. Engaging with both the historiography on British abolitionism and the new histories of childhood, this article examines the nature of juvenile engagement within the sugar boycotts. Collecting together some of the extensive but dispersed evidence of juvenile antislavery across the country, and focusing upon a case study of the Plymley household of Shropshire during the early 1790s, we explore the intricacies of children's involvement. Children's agency, we argue, needs to be understood as a specific, historicised phenomenon. Adults often chose to represent children's abolitionist activities as self-determined, for their participation in the boycotts affirmed both adult positions and their own child-rearing practices. However, whilst adults frequently solicited particular types of juvenile response, children often responded independently and in unexpected ways, negotiating their own positions in relation to their parents, siblings, and peers. We situate juvenile antislavery as a recursive process, operating within complex, intergenerational interactions.
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Rouleau, Brian. "How the West Was Fun: Children’s Literature and Frontier Mythmaking toward the Turn of the Twentieth Century." Western Historical Quarterly 51, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whz099.
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Abstract This article discusses the important role that juvenile literature played in creating America’s frontier mythos. It argues that children were a crucial audience for adult authors seeking to justify and normalize settler colonial policies. But, more importantly, young people themselves were active participants in the perpetuation of a popular culture that glorified westward expansion and the eradication of Indigenous peoples. In acknowledging as much, we arrive at a richer understanding of the important intersections between western history and the history of childhood in the United States.
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Abrams, Laura S., Ben Anderson-Nathe, and Jemel Aguilar. "Constructing Masculinities in Juvenile Corrections." Men and Masculinities 11, no. 1 (October 2008): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x06291893.
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TÖTEMEYER, ANDRÉE-JEANNE. "Desert Survival and Wilderness Adventures Juvenile Literature for a Young Namibian Nation?" Matatu 17-18, no. 1 (April 26, 1997): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-90000220.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Arkansas – History – Juvenile literature"
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Havenhand, Jonathan Neil. "The physiological ecology and life history strategies of the nudibranch molluscs 'Adalaria proxima' (Alder & Hancock) and 'Onchidoris muricata' (Müller) (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2708.
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This study investigated the physiological ecology, larval biology and population genetics of the nudibranch molluscs Adalaria proxima (A & H) and Onchidoris muricata (Müller). These two species are annual, simultaneous hermaphrodites and are ecologically very similar with the exception that A. proxima reproduces by means of pelagic lecithotrophic larvae whereas Omuricata has long-term planktotrophic larvae. The aim of the study was therefore to determine the selective pressures which resulted in the evolution of different larval types in these two species, and to ascertain the ecological and population genetic consequences thereof. Simple energy budgets comprising the major components (consumption, growth, respiration and reproduction) were constructed for laboratory populations of each species. In both A. proxima and O. muricata, feeding rate displayed an asymptotic increase with body size. Mean feeding rates of A. proxima were greater than those of comparable O. muricata individuals, and overall assimilation efficiency was higher in A. proxima than in O. muricata. This difference was reflected in the somatic growth rates which were correspondingly greater in A. proxima than in O. muricata. Net growth efficiencies were broadly comparable between the two species, however, growth of A. proxima was approximately linear over' time whilst that of O. muricata displayed a curvilinear, almost exponential, pattern. This is interpreted as demonstrating that some form of constraint (possibly feeding rate) operated on the growth rates of A. proxima but not on those of O. muricata. Respiration rates were found to be relatively constant within given animals, but significant differences were found between individuals. The allometry of respiration rate was not constant; Omuricata demonstrated a more rapid increase in respiration rate with increasing body size than did A. proxima. Individual variations in respiration rate did not reflect variations in the energy partitioned to either growth or reproduction. Reproductive patterns in the two species were dissimilar. A. proxima laid fewer spawn masses containing fewer, larger ova than those laid by O. muricata individuals. In addition, the spawning period of A. proxima was shorter than that of O. muricata (60 days and 105 days respectively). Both species exhibited a similar (proportional) degree of somatic catabolism over these periods. The consequently more rapid "degrowth" of A. proxima is interpreted as the necessary utilization of an energy resource (i. e. the soma) caused by an inability to meet the energy demands of reproduction through feeding alone. This was not the case in Oanuricata individuals which exhibited a much smaller maximum body size and were able to feed at a sufficiently rapid rate to maintain reproduction. In the latter case, the longer reproductive period served to maximise the total reproductive output. Several different measures of "Reproductive Effort" (RE) were calculated. These generally indicated that the RE of Omuricata was considerably greater than that of A. proxima. Although such differences have been used in the literature to classify the respective costs of different larval types or "reproductive strategies", the variability of the RE's obtained from the different measures used here has led to the suggestion that the general lack of association between RE and reproductive strategy which has been reported elsewhere may (partially) be attributable to the different measures of RE employed in different studies. Studies of the embryonic and larval period showed that the egg-to-juvenile period of O. muricata was approximately 50% longer than that of A. proxima. This difference was primarily attributable to the extended pelagic development of O. muricata larvae. Estimates of the degree of dispersal, and hence gene-flow, between populations of these species were tested by investigating the biochemical genetics of such populations. No data were available for O. muricata, but A. proxima populations proved to be more genetically heterogeneous than had been expected. It is therefore concluded that actual pelagic dispersal may be considerably abbreviated over that expected on the basis of larval culture data alone. A model is developed to explain the possible consequences of different egg-to-juvenile periods (which accrue from different larval types) on both the ecology of the benthic adult, and on overall energy partitioning to reproduction. However, although (probable) proximate causes and effects of the different reproductive traits exhibited by A. proxima and Oanuricata are shown, it has not been possible to determine the exact selective pressures which caused A. proxima to diverge from the ancestral "O. muricata" stock through the evolution of a pelagic lecithotrophic larva.
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Ozirny, Shannon. "The big shoes of Little Bear : the publication history, emergence, and literary potential of the easy reader." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2727.
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Despite incredible sales success, popularity, and a fifty year history, easy readers are
one of the most neglected forms of children’s literature. Called everything from “the poor
stepchild of the more glamorous picture book or children’s novel” to “literary flotsam,” easy
readers are too-often regarded as insubstantial, superficial, sub-par literature.
This thesis provides the first comprehensive, theoretically grounded examination of
easy readers and endeavors to prove that a surprising complexity lurks beneath the easy
reader’s decodable surface. In order to illuminate both extra-textual and textual complexity,
easy readers are treated generically and examined using the contemporary genre theories of
Amy Devitt and Adena Rosmarin. This thesis ultimately unearths a heretofore unexplored
complexity in the easy reader’s publication history and generic emergence, and finds that the
easy reader genre has literary potential and can accommodate works of artistic merit.
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O'Brien, Eileen Marie. "Women in history: A vanishing act." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/762.
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Lopes, Cristiano Camilo. "O sagrado na literatura infantil e juvenil em processo de transformação: da ordem humanista/religiosa das origens na colonização para o novo homem em processo em nosso tempo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8156/tde-13032013-112210/.
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Desde os primórdios, a literatura infantil e juvenil tem acompanhado as transformações do homem e da sociedade e tem servido de palco para essas mudanças. Em diferentes épocas e lugares, podem-se observar produções literárias que reproduzem a experiência humana e tudo o que com ela se relaciona. Dentre essas relações está o sagrado, que se apresenta como um vínculo orgânico e universal. Nesta pesquisa, ao observar a trajetória do sagrado na literatura, identificam-se mudanças no modo como ele se manifesta, o que torna possível avaliar os elementos que projetaram essas transformações. Não se trata de um movimento linear, mas de um movimento espiralado que incorpora os elementos das modificações e, ao mesmo tempo, se projeta. Assim, propõe-se avaliar as transições do sagrado ao longo da história da literatura infantil e juvenil a partir de uma análise das principais manifestações literárias desde o período da colonização portuguesa no Brasil à contemporaneidade a fim de compreender como as transformações, ocorridas ao longo desse período, se refletem na sua configuração atual. Ao revisitar o ontem da literatura, pode-se compreender melhor o hoje, uma vez que o presente apresenta marcas do passado. Além de analisar excertos da produção literária da época da colonização ao início do século XIX, no período dos precursores da literatura infantil e juvenil brasileira, no período dos ideais do modernismo, na explosão da literatura infantil nos anos 1970 e na contemporaneidade, a pesquisa envolve, sobretudo, a análise comparada das obras dos autores Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen (Portugal) e Bartolomeu de Campos Queirós (Brasil). Ao compará-las, verifica-se uma nova configuração do sagrado em suas articulações.Since the beginning, the children and juvenile literature has following the transformations of the man and of the society, and it has been serving as stage for such changes. In different times and places, literary productions that reproduce the human experience and everything related to it can be observed. Among these relations, there is the sacred, which presents itself as an organic and universal connection. In this research, when observing the trajectory of the sacred in the literature, changes in the way it manifests are identified, which enables us to evaluate the elements that designed such transformations. it is not about a linear movement, but it is a spiraled movement, which incorporates the elements of the modifications and, at the same time, it is projected. Therefore, it is proposed to evaluate the transitions of the sacred throughout the history of the children and juvenile literature, as form an analysis of the main literary manifestations since the period of the Portuguese colonization in Brazil to the contemporaneity, in order to encompass how the transformations, occurred throughout this period, reflect in its present configuration. When revisiting the \"yesterday\" of the literature, the \"today\" can be better understood, as it presents the marks of the past. Besides analyzing excerpts of the literary production of the colonization time until the beginning of the XIX century, in the period of the precursors of the Brazilian children and juvenile literature, in the period of the ideals of the modernism, in the boom of the children literature in the 1970s, and in contemporaneity, the research involves, above all, the compared analysis of the works from the authors Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen (Portugal) and Bartolomeu de Campos Queirós (Brazil). When comparing them, it is verified a new configuration of the sacred in their articulations.
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Reavis, E. "Adolescent Female Identity Development and Its Portrayal in Select Contemporary Young Adult Fiction." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/116.
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This study describes a content analysis of six contemporary young adult fiction novels. Adolescence is a time of great change, particularly for girls. It is during this time that female adolescents develop their voice and identity. As literature reflects the reader’s world, it also affects in part how female adolescents perceive their identity. Latent content analysis was used to code eight variables to determine if select contemporary young adult fiction novels appropriately describe the development of identity among adolescent females. All of the novels included in the study provided sufficient evidence of accurate portrayal of female adolescent identity development, by having examples of at least four out of eight variables, with most having examples of seven out of eight variables.
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Hendricks, Michael Todd. "KNOWING AND BEING KNOWN: SEXUAL DELINQUENCY, STARDOM, AND ADOLESCENT GIRLHOOD IN MIDCENTURY AMERICAN FILM." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/14.
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Sexual delinquency marked midcentury cinematic representations of adolescent girls in 1940s, 50, and early 60s. Drawing from the history of adolescence and the context of midcentury female juvenile delinquency, I argue that studios and teen girl stars struggled for decades with publicity, censorship, and social expectations regarding the sexual license of teenage girls. Until the late 1950s, exploitation films and B movies exploited teen sex and pregnancy while mainstream Hollywood ignored those issues, struggling to promote teen girl stars by tightly controlling their private lives but depriving fan magazines of the gossip and scandals that normally fueled the machinery of stardom. The emergence and image of the postwar, sexually autonomous teen girl finally began to see expression in mainstream melodramas of the late 50s, and teen girl stars such as Sandra Dee and Natalie Wood created new, “post-delinquent” star images wherein “good girls” could still be sexually experienced. This new image was a significant departure from the widespread belief that the sexually active teen girl was a fundamentally delinquent threat to the nuclear family, and offered a liberal counterpoint to more conservative teen girl prototypes like Hayley Mills, which continued to have cultural currency.
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Bertanha, Miraní. "A tecnologia na literatura infantojuvenil: possibilidades de leitura em obras brasileiras contemporâneas." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/683.
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CAPESA investigação das relações entre tecnologia e cultura viabiliza discussões e reflexões profundas sobre a sociedade e os modos de vida. Esta dissertação busca, por meio da literatura infanto-juvenil, avançar no debate de tecnologia e cultura, bem como questionar o papel historicamente assumido pelo gênero. Por meio de obras da literatura infantojuvenil brasileira produzidas entre os anos de 1999 e 2010, busca-se levantar possíveis formas de representação da tecnologia na produção contemporânea e defender sua importância como produção literária. Apresentar a literatura infantojuvenil como plano de fundo para discussões acadêmicas, independentemente do recorte proposto, pode ser um trabalho bastante árduo, especialmente pela pouca valorização que o gênero encontra frente à crítica literária. O diálogo entre tecnologia e cultura, por sua vez, também ainda é pouco divulgado inclusive no campo interdisciplinar de Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade. A linha principal linha teórica que permeia o trabalho é o Materialismo Cultural, proposto por Raymond Williams.
The research about technology and culture makes possible discussions and reflections about society and ways of life. This dissertation intents, through children's literature, to advance the discussion of technology and culture as well as to question the role historically assumed by gender. Through works of Brazilian teenager literature produced between the years 1999 and 2010, we intend to raise possible ways of manifestation of technology in contemporary production and to defend its value as a literary production. Propose the teenager literature as background for academic discussions can be rather arduous, especially because the low value granted to the gender by literary criticism. The dialogue between technology and culture, in turn, is still too little known even in the interdisciplinary field of Science, Technology and Society. As our theoretical basis we resorted to the Cultural Materialism, presented by Raymond Williams.
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Zorzato, Lucila Bassan. "A cultura alemã na obra infantil Aventuras de Hans Staden, de Monteiro Lobato." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270300.
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Orientador: Marisa LajoloDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T02:02:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zorzato_LucilaBassan_M.pdf: 2160403 bytes, checksum: b00eb30e7f2d1683614cbee0dd589331 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: A pesquisa A Cultura alemã na obra infantil Aventuras de Hans Staden, de Monteiro Lobato examina, a partir das obras Meu cativeiro entre os selvagens do Brasil (1925) e Aventuras de Hans Staden (1927), a relação de Monteiro Lobato com a cultura alemã. O estudo dessas obras suscita indagações a respeito não só dos processos de tradução e adaptação adotados por Lobato e da recepção da obra pelo público, como também questões referentes à relação do autor com o universo alemão. Sob este aspecto, a pesquisa investiga, através da análise de documentos e da correspondência lobatiana, a representação da cultura alemã para Lobato, as propostas de versão de sua obra para o alemão, sua recepção entre leitores de língua alemã e a relação do autor com a própria língua
Abstract: This research entitled The German Culture in Aventuras de Hans Staden in Monteiro Lobato.s juvenile literature looks into the relationship betwenn Monteiro Lobato and the German culture through the analyses of two pieces of work: Meu cativeiro entre os selavagens do Brasil (1925) and Aventuras de Hans Staden (1927). The study of the previously cited works brings up some questioning concerning not only the translation and adaptation processes used by the author as well as the reader.s acceptance, but also questioning corcerning the author.s relation with the German universe. Therefore, in order to investigate the importance of the German culture for Lobato, his work German version proposals, the German readers acceptance of his work as well as the authors relationship with his own language, this research will analise some documents and Lobato¿mail
Mestrado
Literatura Brasileira
Mestre em Teoria e História Literária
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Albistur, Eztitxu. "L'évolution du didactisme dans la littérature de jeunesse basque de la fin du XIXème siècle au XXIème siècle." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU1028/document.
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Les premiers écrits destinés aux enfants et aux adolescents apparaissent en Europe au XVIIIe siècle et se développent tout au long du XIXe siècle. C'est au XIXe siècle que le terme littérature de jeunesse voit le jour. La littérature destinée aux enfants et adolescents est donc relativement récente. Cette littérature, à travers les œuvres qui la composent, a souvent pour but principal d’éduquer les enfants et les adolescents et porte en elle des messages de divers types : savoir encyclopédique, conseils existentiels et prescriptions morales. Ces messages sont intentionnellement véhiculés par des œuvres que l’on peut donc qualifier de didactiques. Mais ce didactisme propre au genre de la littérature de jeunesse évolue au cours des siècles. En se focalisant sur la littérature de jeunesse basque et en établissant un corpus d’œuvres significatives d’une évolution, nous avons analysé au cours de ce travail de thèse la manière dont les différents messages et les différentes morales étaient transmis aux enfants et aux adolescents lecteurs au cours des siècles. Cette transmission se fait tantôt par le biais du recours à un didactisme explicite, tantôt ou simultanément par l’emploi d’un didactisme plus implicite. Après avoir procédé à l’analyse de chacune des œuvres du corpus, nous les avons comparées et avons proposé une ébauche d’histoire de l’évolution du didactisme de la littérature de jeunesse basque du début XIXe siècle au début du XXIe siècle. Pour finir, nous avons proposé une grille d’analyse œuvres de jeunesse à destination des enseignants et des professeurs qui souhaiteraient travailler sur les messages des œuvres avec leurs élèvesThe first writings devoted to children and adolescents emerged in Europe in the 18th century and continued to develop throughout the whole of the 19th century. It was in the 19th century that the term “children’s literature” (or “juvenile literature”) came into being. Literature written for children and adolescents is therefore relatively recent. The main aim of this type of literature is largely to educate children and adolescents by means of the works of which it is composed and by carrying messages of varying types: encyclopedic knowledge, existential advice as well as moral prescriptions. These messages are deliberately transmitted through works which one can therefore qualify as being didactic. This characteristic indoctrination of children’s literature (juvenile literature) has evolved over the centuries. Having focalized our research on Basque children’s (juvenile) literature and having compiled a corpus of works pertaining to this evolution we have analysed, in this thesis, the ways in which the various morals and different messages were handed down to juvenile readers throughout the ages. This transmission has taken place sometimes by means of explicit didactism and sometimes, or even simultaneously, by the use of implied didactism. Having proceeded to analyse and compare each opuscule of the corpus we thus propose a historic outline concerning the evolution of didactism in Basque children’s (juvenile) literature as from the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century. To conclude we have proposed an analytical table of children’s (juvenile) literature destined to aid teachers and professors who may wish to study the messages contained in the works of their pupils
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Ishihara, Tsuyoshi. "Mark Twain in Japan: Mark Twain's literature and 20th century Japanese juvenile literature and popular culture." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/669.
Full textBooks on the topic "Arkansas – History – Juvenile literature"
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Hopper, Shay E. An Arkansas history for young people. 4th ed. Fayetteville, [Ark.]: University of Arkansas Press, 2008.
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Jane, Browning, ed. An Arkansas history for young people. 3rd ed. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2003.
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Baker, T. Harri. An Arkansas history for young people. 2nd ed. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1997.
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Baker, T. Harri. An Arkansas history for young people. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1991.
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Woody, Velma B. Branscum. Homefront Arkansas: Arkansans face wartime. Little Rock, Ark: Butler Center Books, 2009.
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Steven, Teske, ed. Homefront Arkansas: Arkansans face wartime. Little Rock, Ark: Butler Center Books, 2009.
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Hopper, Shay E. An Arkansas history for young people. 4th ed. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2008.
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Harri, Baker T., and Browning Jane, eds. An Arkansas history for young people. 4th ed. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Arkansas – History – Juvenile literature"
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Irwin, Katherine, and Karen Umemoto. "Literature Review and Background." In Jacked Up and Unjust. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520283022.003.0002.
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The youth’s narratives can add depth to many literatures, and chapter one reviews some of the core assumptions within the fields of youth violence, critical youth studies, and punishment in the juvenile justice system and schools. Chapter one also includes a brief review of the colonial history of Hawai‘i.
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"The Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Regional Comparisons." In The Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Regional Comparisons, edited by Alex C. Wertheimer and Frank P. Thrower. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569957.ch9.
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Abstract.—Interannual variability in chum salmon <em>Oncorhynchus keta </em>mortality during early marine life is thought to have a major influence on recruitment. However, few estimates of daily mortality are available for chum salmon during this period, and average values reported in the literature are unrealistically high when used in a simple life-history model. We analyzed survival to adult of seven groups of chum salmon, marked as juveniles, and released at different times and sizes at Little Port Walter, Alaska to estimate average daily mortality during early marine residency for an early emigration group and a late emigration group. We assumed that differences in proportions of groups surviving to adult between the initial releases of unfed fry and subsequent releases of fed fry for each group were due to natural mortality during the time interval between releases. For both groups, mortality was highest during the period immediately after release, declining rapidly thereafter. Average daily mortality was 8.1% for the early release during their first 21d in the ocean and 3.9% for the late release during the first 32 d in the ocean. After May 4 (54 d and 33 d postrelease, respectively, for the early and late groups), average daily mortality was less than 0.6% for both groups. These results support the paradigm that most of the mortality of chum salmon in the ocean occurs early in their marine residency, and the results provide realistic rates for demographic modeling of the abundance of chum salmon in marine habitats.
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Clinch, Jacqui. "Non-inflammatory musculoskeletal pain." In Oxford Textbook of Paediatric Pain, 237–47. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642656.003.0024.
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Non-inflammatory musculoskeletal pain is common in children and adolescents, and when persistent or widespread, can have a negative impact on physical and psychological well-being. Diagnostic labels and criteria are not uniform in the current literature, but musculoskeletal pain may present as widespread pain or juvenile fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, or in association with joint hypermobility. Chronic musculoskeletal pain, irrespective of its trigger, can bring persistent and recurrent distress, disability, and widespread family disruption. Once serious medical causes have been excluded by history, examination, and relevant investigations, the focus should be on rehabilitation. Multidisciplinary team management to facilitate cohesive working and the introduction of psychological and physical therapies can improve outcome. Further research is required to define the role of pharmacological interventions.
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Clinch, Jacqui. "Noninflammatory musculoskeletal pain." In Oxford Textbook of Pediatric Pain, edited by Bonnie J. Stevens, Gareth Hathway, and William T. Zempsky, 250–60. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198818762.003.0025.
Full textAbstract:
Noninflammatory musculoskeletal pain is common in children and adolescents, and when persistent or widespread, can have a negative impact on physical and psychological well-being. Diagnostic labels and criteria are not uniform in the current literature, but musculoskeletal pain may present as widespread pain or juvenile fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, or in association with joint hypermobility. Chronic musculoskeletal pain, irrespective of its trigger, can bring persistent and recurrent distress, disability, and widespread family disruption. Once serious medical causes have been excluded by history, examination, and relevant investigations, the focus should be on rehabilitation. Multidisciplinary team management to facilitate cohesive working and the introduction of psychological and physical therapies can improve outcome. Further research is required to define the role of pharmacological interventions.
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Elias, Jamal J. "Good Muslims Do Their Homework." In Alef Is for Allah. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520290075.003.0004.
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This chapter continues the discussion of childhood undertaken in the previous chapter. Child rights are explored within the framework of universal human rights and the more confined limits of documents on rights ratified by Muslim-majority countries, such as the Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam and the Declaration on the Rights and Care of the Child in Islam. It provides an overview of childhood in Islamic history, beginning with references to childhood in the Qur’an and continuing to a survey of classical and medieval Islamic medical and religious literature addressing the juvenile phases of human life. The education of children in the thought of classical Muslim thinkers, especially Ghazali, emphasizes the moral purpose of education and locates play and exercise within that frame. The chapter continues to discuss childhood in the modern Muslim thought, highlighting rites of passage, the gendering of children, and the role of education and literature in engendering the concept of modern childhood in the Western and Islamic worlds, using Egypt as a principal example of the growth of modern education in Islamic society.
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"Nutrients in Salmonid Ecosystems: Sustaining Production and Biodiversity." In Nutrients in Salmonid Ecosystems: Sustaining Production and Biodiversity, edited by E. Eric Knudsen, Eric W. Symmes, and E. Joseph Margraf. American Fisheries Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569445.ch19.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—A number of Pacific salmon populations have already been lost and many others throughout the range are in various states of decline. Recent research has documented that Pacific salmon carcasses serve as a key delivery vector of marine-derived nutrients into the freshwater portions of their ecosystems. This nutrient supply plays a critical biological feedback role in salmon sustainability by supporting juvenile salmon production. We first demonstrate how nutrient feedback potential to juvenile production may be unaccounted for in spawner-recruit models of populations under long-term exploitation. We then present a heuristic, life history-based, spreadsheet survival model that incorporates salmon carcass-driven nutrient feedback to the freshwater components of the salmon ecosystem. The productivity of a hypothetical coho salmon population was simulated using rates from the literature for survival from spawner to egg, egg to fry, fry to smolt, and smolt to adult. The effects of climate variation and nutrient feedback on survival were incorporated, as were density-dependent effects of the numbers of spawners and fry on freshwater survival of eggs and juveniles. The unexploited equilibrium population was subjected to 100 years of 20, 40, 60, and 80% harvest. Each harvest scenario greater than 20% brought the population to a reduced steady state, regardless of generous compensatory survival at low population sizes. Increasing harvest reduced the positive effects of nutrient contributions to population growth. Salmon researchers should further explore this modeling approach for establishing escapement goals. Given the importance of nutrient feedback, managers should strive for generous escapements that support nutrient rebuilding, as well as egg deposition, to ensure strong future salmon production.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Philip Roni, Laurie A. Weitkamp, and Joe Scordino. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch9.
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<em>Abstract.—</em> Freshwater and marine essential fish habitat (EFH) for chinook <em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em> , coho <em>O. kisutch</em> , pink <em>O. gorbuscha</em> , and sockeye <em>O. nerka </em> salmon within Washington, Oregon, California, and Idaho was described and identified using the available literature and databases on salmon distribution and life history. The diversity of freshwater habitats utilized by individual species of salmon coupled with the limitations of existing distribution maps precluded identification of specific stream reaches, wetlands, and other water bodies as EFH for Pacific salmon. A more holistic watershed approach consistent with the ecosystem method recommended by the revised Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act was necessary. Therefore, Pacific salmon freshwater EFH was delineated and described as all existing water bodies currently and historically utilized by Pacific salmon within selected watersheds defined by U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic units. Areas above some long-standing artificial barriers to juvenile and adult salmon migration were excluded from designation as Pacific salmon EFH. Delineation of marine EFH was also problematic because of the paucity of scientific studies on offshore Pacific salmon habitat use and distribution. However, available scientific data augmented by information from commercial fisheries indicate that juvenile salmon are found in high concentrations in the nearshore areas of the continental shelf off the Washington, Oregon, and California coasts from late spring through fall. Therefore, Pacific salmon marine EFH was identified as all waters within 60 km of the Washington, Oregon, and California coasts north of Point Conception, California. This initial effort to identify Pacific salmon EFH emphasized the need for accurate, fine-scale geographic information systems data on freshwater and marine salmon distribution and habitat quality and the need for compilation of uniform data sets. Future efforts should focus on developing accurate seasonal salmon distribution data at a 1:24,000 scale to aid in more precise and accurate delineation of Pacific salmon EFH. Furthermore, detailed information on winter distribution of Pacific salmon would be useful in delineating marine EFH.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Philip Roni, Laurie A. Weitkamp, and Joe Scordino. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch9.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract.—</em> Freshwater and marine essential fish habitat (EFH) for chinook <em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em> , coho <em>O. kisutch</em> , pink <em>O. gorbuscha</em> , and sockeye <em>O. nerka </em> salmon within Washington, Oregon, California, and Idaho was described and identified using the available literature and databases on salmon distribution and life history. The diversity of freshwater habitats utilized by individual species of salmon coupled with the limitations of existing distribution maps precluded identification of specific stream reaches, wetlands, and other water bodies as EFH for Pacific salmon. A more holistic watershed approach consistent with the ecosystem method recommended by the revised Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act was necessary. Therefore, Pacific salmon freshwater EFH was delineated and described as all existing water bodies currently and historically utilized by Pacific salmon within selected watersheds defined by U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic units. Areas above some long-standing artificial barriers to juvenile and adult salmon migration were excluded from designation as Pacific salmon EFH. Delineation of marine EFH was also problematic because of the paucity of scientific studies on offshore Pacific salmon habitat use and distribution. However, available scientific data augmented by information from commercial fisheries indicate that juvenile salmon are found in high concentrations in the nearshore areas of the continental shelf off the Washington, Oregon, and California coasts from late spring through fall. Therefore, Pacific salmon marine EFH was identified as all waters within 60 km of the Washington, Oregon, and California coasts north of Point Conception, California. This initial effort to identify Pacific salmon EFH emphasized the need for accurate, fine-scale geographic information systems data on freshwater and marine salmon distribution and habitat quality and the need for compilation of uniform data sets. Future efforts should focus on developing accurate seasonal salmon distribution data at a 1:24,000 scale to aid in more precise and accurate delineation of Pacific salmon EFH. Furthermore, detailed information on winter distribution of Pacific salmon would be useful in delineating marine EFH.
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"Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations." In Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations, edited by Matthew J. Nemeth, Benjamin C. Williams, Robert C. Bocking, and Simon N. Kinneen. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874110.ch6.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Data were collected in Norton Sound from 2002 through 2006 to support the development of habitat-based models of coho salmon smolt production and adult escapements. Length of stream rearing habitat available to juvenile coho salmon in the summer was estimated at 83 km on the Nome River and 277 km on the North River, using a combination of <em>a priori </em>predictions of fish distribution and subsequent field sampling. The likely range of smolts produced by this habitat was modeled using three different relationships of habitat quantity and smolt production developed elsewhere. The estimated escapement of adult salmon needed to produce this range of smolts resulted in counts from 2,632 to 3,649 fish in the Nome River and from 8,766 to 10,481 fish in the North River, using various literature values of production, survival, and fecundity. A field study conducted in the next two years to estimate actual smolt abundance in the Nome River yielded estimates of 92,820 (95% CI = 84,615 – 101,026) in 2005 and 122,079 (95% CI = 112,612 – 131,546) coho salmon in 2006; these smolt abundances were within the range estimated by the <em>a priori </em>models. Through 2007, average adult coho salmon escapement to both rivers had also been within the 95% confidence interval predicted from two of the three smolt models, within 2% and 18% of the point estimate of one model, and within 27% and 32% of the second. Overall, models based on production estimates and life history variables developed outside of the region were relatively accurate for predicting coho salmon rearing distributions, smolt production per km of total rearing habitat, and adult spawner abundance. Based on this, habitat-based models used to help develop escapement goals in other regions may be similarly useful in the Norton Sound region.
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"Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment." In Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment, edited by Keith H. Nislow and Boyd E. Kynard. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874080.ch30.
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<em>Abstract</em>.-The sea lamprey <em>Petromyzon marinus </em>is a widely distributed anadromous species spawning in coastal rivers and streams throughout the north Atlantic basin. In this paper, we review aspects of sea lamprey migration and ecology that relate to the transport of nutrients and materials to and from freshwater ecosystems and provide an example of a long-term study of a native wild population. Several aspects of lamprey life history (rapid growth in marine phase, many adults spawn in upper reaches of small oligotrophic rivers, all adults die after spawning) suggest that anadromous sea lampreys contribute marine-derived nutrients and materials (MDNM) to freshwater ecosystems. We used long-term (20 years) data on spawner abundance, along with literature-derived concentration values, to estimate the import of nutrients and materials to a spawning reach of the Fort River, a tributary of the Connecticut River in western Massachusetts, USA. Sea lamprey imported as much as 0.26 g of P per square meter of stream, as much as of 20% of the total annual P loading to a similar system where a full P budget has been developed. While the MDNM contribution of sea lamprey may be substantial, other aspects of their life history and habitat use may limit the overall magnitude and direction of lamprey influence on freshwater ecosystems. Spawning requirement for rocky substrate within a narrow size range may limit import at the watershed scale. In addition, marine survival rates of less than ~1% will result in a net export of nutrients and materials via out-migrating juveniles (transformers). While there is currently no information on survival rates in wild anadromous populations, the tight link between adult survival and prey/host fish populations observed in landlocked Great Lakes systems suggests that the ecological role of sea lamprey may be strongly related to the abundance of coastal marine fishes. Further research on adult survival, juvenile dispersal and distribution, and the paths of nutrient and material uptake in spawning streams are necessary to more fully evaluate the role of anadromous sea lamprey in the transport of MDNM.