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Journal articles on the topic 'Armadillos'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Crane, Adam L., Carly E. McGrane, and Alicia Mathis. "Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Ozark Zigzag Salamanders to Stimuli from an Invasive Predator: The Armadillo." International Journal of Ecology 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/658437.

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When new predators invade a habitat, either through range extensions or introductions, prey may be at a high risk because they do not recognize the predators as dangerous. The nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) has recently expanded its range in North America. Armadillos forage by searching soil and leaf litter, consuming invertebrates and small vertebrates, including salamanders. We tested whether Ozark zigzag salamanders (Plethodon angusticlavius) from a population coexisting with armadillos for about 30 years exhibit antipredator behavior in the presence of armadillo chemical cues and whether they can discriminate between stimuli from armadillos and a nonpredatory sympatric mammal (white-tailed deer,Odocoileus virginianus). Salamanders appeared to recognize substrate cues from armadillos as a threat because they increased escape behaviors and oxygen consumption. When exposed to airborne cues from armadillos, salamanders also exhibited an antipredator response by spending more time in an inconspicuous posture. Additionally, individually consistent behaviors across treatments for some response variables suggest the potential for a behavioral syndrome in this species.
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2

Haywood, Carly J., Clayton K. Nielsen, and F. Agustín Jiménez. "Potential Distribution of Colonizing Nine-Banded Armadillos at Their Northern Range Edge." Diversity 13, no. 6 (June 13, 2021): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13060266.

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The nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) has become a recent addition to the local fauna of Illinois as a response to habitat alteration and climate change. This range expansion has resulted in the presence of armadillos in areas not predicted by earlier models. Although these models have been revised, armadillos continue to move north and have reached areas of heavy agricultural use. We identified conditions that favor the presence of armadillos and potential corridors for dispersal. Identifying the distribution of the armadillo in Illinois is a vital step in anticipating their arrival in areas containing potentially sensitive wildlife populations and habitats. Armadillo locations (n = 37) collected during 2016–2020 were used to develop a map of the potential distribution of armadillos in southern Illinois. Environmental data layers included in the model were land cover type, distance to water, distance to forest edge, human modification, and climactic variables. Land cover type was the most important contributing variable to the model. Our results are consistent with the tenet that armadillo activity and dispersal corridors are centered around riparian areas, and that forested cover may provide corridors an agricultural mosaic.
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3

DeGregorio, Brett A., Matthew R. McElroy, and Emily P. Johansson. "Occupancy and Activity Patterns of Nine-Banded Armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in a Suburban Environment." Diversity 15, no. 8 (July 31, 2023): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15080907.

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The geographic range of the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) has rapidly been expanding within the United States for the last 150 years. One of the factors contributing to this astounding range expansion is the species’ ability to survive in and colonize human-dominated areas. Despite the fact that armadillos live alongside humans in numerous towns and cities across the Southeastern, Southcentral, and now Midwestern United States, we know relatively little about the behavior and ecology of armadillos in human-developed areas. Here, we used motion-triggered game cameras in over 115 residential yards in the rapidly developing Northwest corner of Arkansas to survey armadillos in a largely suburban environment. Our objectives were to explore trends in armadillo occupancy and daily activity patterns in a suburban setting. We documented armadillos in approximately 84% of the yards surveyed indicating that the species was widespread throughout the environment. We found that the species was more likely to occupy yards surrounded by a high proportion of forest cover. We found no relationship between armadillo occupancy and other land cover or development covariates. Only 2% of nearly 2000 armadillo detections occurred during the day indicating that the species is almost exclusively nocturnal during the summer months when living near humans in the suburban environment, which we suggest is likely an adaptation to avoid contact with humans and their dogs. As the armadillo continues to expand its geographic range to areas where it has not previously occurred, understanding how human development supports and facilitates the spread of this species can elucidate areas where conflict between humans and armadillos might occur allowing for preemptive management or education to mitigate conflict.
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4

Podgorny, Irina, and Susana V. García. "Armadillos under the Microscope." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 53, no. 3 (June 1, 2023): 332–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2023.53.3.332.

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In the nineteenth century, an animal from the Americas known as the armadillo offered an extraordinary subject for zoologists engaged in the study of the outer covering of four-limbed vertebrates and its components. The armadillo, a cuirassed living mammal, had excited the curiosity of European naturalists since the early sixteenth century, and their shells had thus become a common sight in collections. The armadillo’s carapace provided a structure that could be scrutinized in order to understand animal materials, one that afforded the use of microscopes and chemistry in the emerging life sciences that tried to understand the relationship between form and function and the chemical composition of animated matter. The carapace of the armadillo moved from the culture of curiosity in which it was first collected into the new field of animal chemistry, a key move that is crucial for historians to understand the emergence of the study of animal materials. Armadillos accompanied the expansion of chemistry, microscopy, and physics as they were used to study the materials that constituted the mammals’ dermal coverings. This paper mines nineteenth-century publications for episodes connected to the long story of the study of this shell’s anatomical and chemical contrivances, and the crucial role it played both in the emergence of new scientific knowledge and in the discovery of new bio-inspired materials still derived from this animal today. This paper is part of a special issue entitled “Making Animal Materials in Time,” edited by Laurence Douny and Lisa Onaga.
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5

Superina, Mariella, Alexandra Cortés Duarte, and Fernando Trujillo. "Connecting research, management, education and policy for the conservation of armadillos in the Orinoco Llanos of Colombia." Oryx 53, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318000790.

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AbstractSuccessful conservation actions require strategies that combine research, policy formulation and enforcement, practical interventions and education. Here we review the Armadillo Conservation Programme, which was initiated in 2012 as a pioneering multidisciplinary programme for the conservation and management of five armadillo species in the Orinoco Llanos of Colombia. It is led by a multi-institutional alliance that ensures active participation of stakeholders during all stages of the programme. Six main threats affecting armadillo populations in the Llanos were identified, and these were addressed in the first joint action plan of two Colombian environmental authorities. Scientific research facilitated an increase in the knowledge available about the armadillos of the Llanos, and the recategorization of the northern long-nosed armadilloDasypus sabanicolaon the IUCN Red List. Threat evaluation and mitigation included the assessment of illegal bushmeat trade and consumption in local restaurants and the establishment of a certification label for restaurants that do not sell wild meat. Multiple strategies were used to raise awareness about armadillos and position them as flagship species for the Llanos, including education programmes in schools, travelling exhibitions, talks at universities, and the publication of several books. The local communities were actively involved through a network of private reserves committed to the conservation of armadillos, in which armadillos are protected from poaching and monitored by farmers. Breeding and rehabilitation facilities were established that can host confiscated armadillos and raise awareness among the local communities. This case study shows that conservation programmes targeted at inconspicuous and poorly known species can be successful.
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6

Rosa, PS, CAE Pinke, SCB Pedrini, and EA Silva. "The effect of iron supplementation in the diet of Dasypus novemcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) armadillos in captivity." Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, no. 1 (February 2009): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842009000100014.

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Armadillos of the species Dasypus novemcinctus have been used as an experimental model of leprosy. Besides non-human primates, they are the only species naturally infected with Mycobacterium leprae and when experimentally inoculated, reproduce the lepromatous form of the disease producing large quantities of bacilli. This species has been maintained in captivity by numerous researchers and specific housing and feeding requirements have been developed to guarantee their survival during long experimental periods. In the "Lauro de Souza Lima" Institute, armadillos receive dog food, ground beef, boiled eggs and vitamin C. However, despite the balanced diet, anemia has been observed in some captive animals, especially in armadillos inoculated with M. leprae in advanced stages of infection. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of iron sulfate supplementation in the feed provided for armadillos, both inoculated and non-inoculated with M. leprae, by means of the evaluation of their hematological profile. Fourteen armadillos received 10 mg/animal of iron sulfate (Hematofer®) diluted in sterile water mixed with their daily feed for 50 days. Hemograms and serum iron dosages for each armadillo were performed before and after supplementation. The hematocrit values increased significantly after iron supplementation, both in armadillos inoculated and non-inoculated with M. leprae. It is possible that the amount of iron in the feed is insufficient for the formation of hemoglobin, leading to microcytic anemia. Dietary supplementation with iron sulfate reversed this state, showing the importance of understanding the metabolism of exotic species for their maintenance in captivity, and thus ensuring their well-being.
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7

Flores, Luana, and Wellington Hannibal. "First published records of six-banded armadillo Euphractus sexcinctus carrying offspring in its mouth in Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Mammalogy, no. 92 (January 7, 2024): e922023128. http://dx.doi.org/10.32673/bjm.vi92.128.

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We recorded the first event of six-banded armadillo carrying offspring in their mouth in Brazil on October 2022, at 06:36, Goiás. We searched for additional records in Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and social media platforms (Instagram, TikTok, YouTube). We found two articles and seven Brazilian videos depicting armadillos carrying offspring in their mouths. While this is a common reproductive behavior, it might also relate to shelter disturbance. Despite incomplete social media records regarding date, time, location, and collector, they underscore the significance of citizen science in showcasing Brazilian biodiversity and contributing to our understanding of armadillos' natural history.
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8

Hautier, Lionel, Guillaume Billet, Benoit de Thoisy, and Frédéric Delsuc. "Beyond the carapace: skull shape variation and morphological systematics of long-nosed armadillos (genus Dasypus)." PeerJ 5 (August 15, 2017): e3650. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3650.

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Background The systematics of long-nosed armadillos (genus Dasypus) has been mainly based on a handful of external morphological characters and classical measurements. Here, we studied the pattern of morphological variation in the skull of long-nosed armadillos species, with a focus on the systematics of the widely distributed nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus). Methods We present the first exhaustive 3D comparison of the skull morphology within the genus Dasypus, based on micro-computed tomography. We used geometric morphometric approaches to explore the patterns of the intra- and interspecific morphological variation of the skull with regard to several factors such as taxonomy, geography, allometry, and sexual dimorphism. Results We show that the shape and size of the skull vary greatly among Dasypus species, with Dasypus pilosus representing a clear outlier compared to other long-nosed armadillos. The study of the cranial intraspecific variation in Dasypus novemcinctus evidences clear links to the geographic distribution and argues in favor of a revision of past taxonomic delimitations. Our detailed morphometric comparisons detected previously overlooked morphotypes of nine-banded armadillos, especially a very distinctive unit restricted to the Guiana Shield. Discussion As our results are congruent with recent molecular data and analyses of the structure of paranasal sinuses, we propose that Dasypus novemcinctus should be regarded either as a polytypic species (with three to four subspecies) or as a complex of several distinct species.
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9

Alsayyed, Omar, Tareq Hamadneh, Hassan Al-Tarawneh, Mohammad Alqudah, Saikat Gochhait, Irina Leonova, Om Parkash Malik, and Mohammad Dehghani. "Giant Armadillo Optimization: A New Bio-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithm for Solving Optimization Problems." Biomimetics 8, no. 8 (December 17, 2023): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8080619.

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In this paper, a new bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called Giant Armadillo Optimization (GAO) is introduced, which imitates the natural behavior of giant armadillo in the wild. The fundamental inspiration in the design of GAO is derived from the hunting strategy of giant armadillos in moving towards prey positions and digging termite mounds. The theory of GAO is expressed and mathematically modeled in two phases: (i) exploration based on simulating the movement of giant armadillos towards termite mounds, and (ii) exploitation based on simulating giant armadillos’ digging skills in order to prey on and rip open termite mounds. The performance of GAO in handling optimization tasks is evaluated in order to solve the CEC 2017 test suite for problem dimensions equal to 10, 30, 50, and 100. The optimization results show that GAO is able to achieve effective solutions for optimization problems by benefiting from its high abilities in exploration, exploitation, and balancing them during the search process. The quality of the results obtained from GAO is compared with the performance of twelve well-known metaheuristic algorithms. The simulation results show that GAO presents superior performance compared to competitor algorithms by providing better results for most of the benchmark functions. The statistical analysis of the Wilcoxon rank sum test confirms that GAO has a significant statistical superiority over competitor algorithms. The implementation of GAO on the CEC 2011 test suite and four engineering design problems show that the proposed approach has effective performance in dealing with real-world applications.
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10

Coye, Molly Joel. "Dead Armadillos." Health Affairs 21, no. 1 (January 2002): 274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.1.274-a.

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11

FEIJÓ, ANDERSON, and TERESA CRISTINA ANACLETO. "Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata: Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845)." Zootaxa 4974, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): 47–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2.

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Cabassous comprises armadillos lacking a full osteoderm cover in the tail, justifying its common name naked-tailed armadillos. In the only taxonomic revision of the genus, in 1980, four living species were recognized, including a polytypic taxon with two subspecies. Recent studies have questioned this classification, but a comprehensive taxonomic review is lacking. Here, we revise the taxonomy of the genus Cabassous using complementary morphological approaches and clarify the geographical limits of naked-tailed armadillo species. Based on qualitative and quantitative analyses, we recognize five living species: C. centralis, C. chacoensis, C. squamicaudis, C. unicinctus, and C. tatouay. Most of the species can be easily differentiated using external or cranial traits, except C. centralis and C. unicinctus, which share several morphological features. The scutes pattern on the cephalic shield is an important diagnostic feature in naked-tailed armadillos and can be easily applied in field studies. Cabassous squamicaudis and C. unicinctus were previously treated as subspecies but we show they have conspicuous diagnostic traits, without mixture of characters even in closer contact. Cabassous species can be classified as open-dwellers (C. chacoensis and C. squamicaudis), forest-dwellers (C. centralis and C. unicinctus), or of more generalist habits (C. tatouay). We designate a lectotype for C. unicinctus to preserve its long-term nomenclature use.
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12

Emerling, Christopher A., and Mark S. Springer. "Genomic evidence for rod monochromacy in sloths and armadillos suggests early subterranean history for Xenarthra." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1800 (February 7, 2015): 20142192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2192.

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Rod monochromacy is a rare condition in vertebrates characterized by the absence of cone photoreceptor cells. The resulting phenotype is colourblindness and low acuity vision in dim-light and blindness in bright-light conditions. Early reports of xenarthrans (armadillos, sloths and anteaters) suggest that they are rod monochromats, but this has not been tested with genomic data. We searched the genomes of Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo), Choloepus hoffmanni (Hoffmann's two-toed sloth) and Mylodon darwinii (extinct ground sloth) for retinal photoreceptor genes and examined them for inactivating mutations. We performed PCR and Sanger sequencing on cone phototransduction genes of 10 additional xenarthrans to test for shared inactivating mutations and estimated the timing of inactivation for photoreceptor pseudogenes. We concluded that a stem xenarthran became an long-wavelength sensitive-cone monochromat following a missense mutation at a critical residue in SWS1 , and a stem cingulate (armadillos, glyptodonts and pampatheres) and stem pilosan (sloths and anteaters) independently acquired rod monochromacy early in their evolutionary history following the inactivation of LWS and PDE6C , respectively. We hypothesize that rod monochromacy in armadillos and pilosans evolved as an adaptation to a subterranean habitat in the early history of Xenarthra. The presence of rod monochromacy has major implications for understanding xenarthran behavioural ecology and evolution.
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13

Binns, Loren A., W. J. Loughry, Colleen M. McDonough, and Corey Devin Anderson. "Spatial genetic structure within a population of nine-banded armadillos in western Mississippi." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz174.

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Abstract The nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) is unique among mammals because females produce litters of genetically identical quadruplets via monozygotic polyembryony. This unusual form of reproduction could have profound impacts on the spatial genetic structure of populations of armadillos, but at present it is unclear whether littermates remain together as adults, or if sex-biased dispersal occurs. The goal of our study was to determine whether fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) within a population of armadillos diminishes with age (i.e., from juvenile to adult due to the dispersal of littermates away from one another), and if the degree of FSGS for a given age class differs between the sexes. We obtained genotype data at seven microsatellite DNA loci for 421 individuals in a wild population of armadillos inhabiting the Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge in western Mississippi. Correlogram analyses based on measures of spatial genetic autocorrelation showed weak but significant FSGS that was driven by positive spatial genetic autocorrelation among both male and female juveniles and adult males, but not adult females. Positive spatial genetic autocorrelation among adult males could be due to either female-biased dispersal or high variance in male reproductive success. Further work is required to discriminate between these two possibilities.
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14

Sousa, Patrícia C., Erika A. A. Santos, Andréia M. Silva, José A. B. Bezerra, Ana L. P. Souza, Gabriela L. Lima, Moacir F. Oliveira, and Alexandre R. Silva. "Identification of ultrastructural and functional damages in sperm from six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) due to cryopreservation." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, no. 8 (August 2016): 767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016000800015.

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Abstract: The aim of the study was to cryopreserve the semen of six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) in Tris-yolk and glycerol diluent, and to determine the damage caused by the freezing-thawing process, using fluorescent markers and ultrastructural analysis. Semen samples (n=11) collected from 4 adult six-banded armadillos by electroejaculation were cryopreserved in Tris diluent plus 20% egg yolk and 3% glycerol, in a fast freezing curve. Classical analysis of samples was performed after dilution, refrigeration and thawing, followed by fluorescence analysis, using a combination of fluorescent probes to assess membrane integrity (propidium iodide - PI and Hoechst - H342), and mitochondrial activity (CMXRos - Mito Tracker Red®). We also used the ultrastructural analysis to verify possible morphological alterations caused by cryoinjuries. When compared with fresh samples, we verified a significant decline in all the armadillos' semen parameters after thawing, in which only 6.1% motile sperm were found. However, the percentage of sperm which remained with viable (13%) and functional (24.7%) membranes after thawing suggests that some cells could be live but immotile. Analysis using fluorescent markers revealed that the mitochondria of armadillos' sperm is highly sensible to the freezing protocol and the findings through ultrastructure analysis proved this statement. Additionally, the images obtained by transmission electron microscopy revealed that frozen-thawed sperm presented damaged plasma membrane, nuclear modifications as changes in chromatin and acrossomal changes relative to sperm capacitation. In conclusion, this study is the first attempt to cryopreserve the semen of an armadillo species, and to help us to identify critical points on the freezing-thawing procedure in order to improve the protocol.
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Howell-Stephens, Jennifer, Emily J. Potratz, Joel S. Brown, Dave Bernier, and Rachel M. Santymire. "Integrating Measures of Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites and Giving-Up Densities to Assess Adrenocortical Activity and Well-Being in Zoo-Housed Three-Banded Armadillos (Tolypeutes matacus)." Animals 13, no. 12 (June 13, 2023): 1975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13121975.

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To monitor adrenocortical activity in zoo-housed species, we propose using physiological and behavioral indicators that are non-invasive and practical to implement. We explore this model in the southern three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes matacus; armadillo), which is a near-threatened species commonly found in zoos. We aimed to (1) deploy food patches to quantify foraging behavior (via giving-up densities, GUDs); (2) determine the effects of food patch and environmental modifications on individuals’ GUDs and adrenocortical activity (via fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, FGMs); and (3) examine the relationship between GUDs and FGMs. Three males and four females received food patches under varying experimental conditions at the Lincoln Park Zoo (Chicago, IL, USA). Fecal samples were collected before, during, and after foraging experiments to examine FGMs. Armadillos did not respond to patch modifications but did forage more when given increased cover. Individual mean FGMs and GUDs were highly variable, and individuals had consistent FGM and GUD ranks across experiments. FGMs and GUDs did not vary across the experiments nor did they relate to each other. Armadillos and species with a limited behavioral repertoire (i.e., constant movement) can benefit from this multi-trait model to determine the effect of environmental modifications on individuals and provide meaningful information about adrenocortical activity.
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Loughry, W. J., John Avise, Colleen McDonough, and Paulo Prod?hl. "Polyembryony in Armadillos." American Scientist 86, no. 3 (1998): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/1998.3.274.

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McDonough, Colleen, and John Avise. "Polyembryony in Armadillos." American Scientist 86, no. 3 (1998): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/1998.25.274.

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Deps, Patrícia Duarte, João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula Antunes, and Jane Tomimori-Yamashita. "Detection of Mycobacterium leprae infection in wild nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) using the rapid ML Flow test." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 40, no. 1 (February 2007): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822007000100019.

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Mycobaterium leprae infection was investigated in armadillos from the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The ML Flow test was performed on 37 nine-banded armadillos and positive results were found in 11 (29.7%). The ML Flow test may be used to identify possible sources of Mycobaterium leprae among wild armadillos.
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Juskowich, MD, Joy J., William L. Hall, MD, Katrin Kiavash, MD, AP/CP, Arif R. Sarwari, MD, MSc, MBA, and Non-Author Contributor: P. Rocco LaSala, MD. "A Case of Zoonotic Leprosy in West Virginia." West Virginia Medical Journal 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21885/wvmj.2021.12.

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Leprosy, caused by the acid-fast bacillus Mycobacterium leprae, is a chronic infectious disease that primarily affects skin and peripheral nerves. While it is now considered a rare disorder, nine-banded armadillos recently emerged as a source of zoonotic leprosy in the southern United States (US). We present a patient with zoonotic leprosy diagnosed in West Virginia (WV). An immunocompetent 64-year-old woman, living in WV since late childhood, presented with a one-year history of progressively worsening maculopapular rash and peripheral neuropathy. Skin biopsies from her upper back on two separate occasions revealed well-formed, non-caseating epithelioid granulomas and scarce acid-fast bacilli. The patient had traveled to her son's farmhouse in rural Texas multiple times over the past three years and disclosed seeing several armadillos around the yard. She was diagnosed with tuberculoid leprosy and responded well to dapsone and rifampin. Leprosy is an underrecognized and underdiagnosed disease. Within the last decade, two armadillo- related strains of Mycobacterium leprae have been identified. Awareness of zoonotic leprosy is important for prompt diagnosis and treatment to minimize disability.
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Logas, Christopher Michael, and Kathryn B. Holloway. "Cutaneous leprosy in Central Florida man with significant armadillo exposure." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 6 (June 2019): e229287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-229287.

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Leprosy is a chronic infectious, granulomatous disease caused by the intracellular bacillusMycobacterium lepraethat infects macrophages and Schwann cells. While relatively rare in the USA, there is about 200 new cases of leprosy every year with the majority occurring in the southern parts of the country. It is believed to be linked to the region of the nine-banned armadillo in patients with no significant travel history outside of the country. In this case report, we encountered a 58-year-old Central Florida man that had extensive exposure to armadillos and presented with the typical symptoms of large erythaematous patches, numbness and peripheral nerve hypertrophy. Once diagnosed properly, patients are then reported to the National Hansen’s Centre who provides the multidrug therapy for 12–24 months. Due to its rarity and its ability to mimic other more common ailments, leprosy should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients that have significant exposure to armadillos, live in the southern part of the country or have recently travelled to countries that have a high prevalence of leprosy.
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Gallo, Jorge Alberto, Mariella Superina, and Agustín Manuel Abba. "Chaetophractus villosus (Cingulata: Chlamyphoridae)." Mammalian Species 54, no. 1014 (February 1, 2022): 186–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/seab017.

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Abstract Chaetophractus villosus (Desmarest, 1804) is commonly known as the large hairy armadillo. It is one of two living species of Chaetophractus. Like all armadillos, it bears a dorsal carapace of ossified dermal scutes covered by epidermal scales. Dorsal hair is sparse, long, and black and brown. This semifossorial armadillo inhabits grasslands, savannas, steppes, forests, and even degraded areas such as agroecosystems of Argentina, the “Gran Chaco” of Bolivia and Paraguay, and southern Chile. Chaetophractus villosus is omnivorous–carnivorous. It is listed as “Least Concern” (LC) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species, and is mainly affected by hunting, persecution as an agricultural pest, and vehicle collisions.
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Luaces, Juan P., Luis F. Rossi, Valeria Merico, Maurizio Zuccotti, Carlo A. Redi, Alberto J. Solari, Maria S. Merani, and Silvia Garagna. "Spermatogenesis is seasonal in the large hairy armadillo, Chaetophractus villosus (Dasypodidae, Xenarthra, Mammalia)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 3 (2013): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd12127.

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Very little is known about the distinct reproductive biology of armadillos. Very few studies have investigated armadillo spermatogenesis, with data available only for Euphractus sexcinctus and Dasypus novemcinctus. In the present study, we analysed male germ cell differentiation in the large hairy armadillo Chaetophractus villosus throughout the year, describing a cycle of the seminiferous epithelium made of eight different stages. Evaluation of the testis/body mass ratio, analysis of the architecture of the seminiferous epithelium and the frequency of defective seminiferous tubules allowed identification of a temporal interruption of spermatogenesis during the period between mid-May to July (mid–end autumn) in correlation with very low testosterone levels. Overall, these results suggest that spermatogenesis is seasonal in C. villosus.
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Souza Lucchi, Sophia. "Anesthesia and Braquial Plexus Block in Nine-Banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)-Case Report." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 5, no. 2 (2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000364.

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The nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) is the most common species of armadillos in North, Central and South Americas. This case report is about an anesthetic procedure of a male armadillo received for rehabilitation with a radioulnar fracture. For the anesthesia, we use methadone, midazolam, s-ketamine and isoflurane. We also use a human laryngeal mask for secure airway and brachial plexus block with a peripheral nerve stimulator. There is a little information about anesthesia of these species in the literature and the aim of this work is to contribute to this knowledge. Though it is unknown the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in nine-banded armadillo, we concluded that, with the blockage of the brachial plexus, we saw cardiovascular stability and a decrease in isoflurane use. The reversal of midazolam added to a quick recovery. The human laryngeal mask is effective for inhalation anesthesia in nine-banded armadillo.
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Otaola, Clara, Miguel Angel Giardina, and Fernando Ricardo Franchetti. "Longitudinal actualistic taphonomy of <i>Zaedyus pichiy</i> endoskeleton and exoskeleton and Rhea (Rheidae) eggshells in a controlled context." Revista del Museo de La Plata 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/25456377e188.

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This paper presents the results of the controlled observation of Rhea eggshells and complete carcasses of Zaedyus pichiy (pichi or dwarf armadillo) deposited in a taphonomic experimentation corral. This work compares the degree and speed of burial and weathering for both types of records. In the case of armadillos, we analyzed the differences between the preservation of the dermal plates and the rest of the skeleton. In the case of Rhea eggshells, we analyzed the fragmentation and burial potential during the experiment. After four years of observations, we compared the elements remaining on the surface with those found buried. The results of these observations indicate rapid deterioration of Z. pichiy skeletal remains, rapid fragmentation and burial of eggshells, and rapid burial of armadillo dermal plates.
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Truman, Richard. "Leprosy in wild armadillos." Leprosy Review 76, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.47276/lr.76.3.198.

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Feiguelman, Gil, and Shaul Yalovsky. "ARMADILLOs delimit Rho signalling." Nature Plants 6, no. 10 (October 2020): 1201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-00791-z.

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Gallo, Jorge A., Laura Fasola, and Agustín M. Abba. "ARMADILLOS AS NATURAL PESTS CONTROL? FOOD HABITS OF FIVE ARMADILLO SPECIES IN ARGENTINA." Mastozoología Neotropical 26, no. 1 (July 2019): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31687/saremmn.19.26.1.0.03.

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Lombardo, Roberto C., Héctor R. Santos Jiménez, and Jaime A. Rivera. "CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA POBLACIÓN DE Dasypus novemcinctus Y FAUNA ASOCIADA A SUS MADRIGUERAS EN SONÁ, VERAGUAS, PANAMÁ." Tecnociencia 25, no. 2 (July 21, 2023): 36–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.48204/j.tecno.v25n2.a4064.

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La evaluación de las poblaciones de armadillos en zonas perturbadas por asentamientos y ganadería, reciben poca importancia, lo que afecta el estado de conservación de la especie. En nuestro país no existen estudios sobre densidad poblacional, patrones de uso de madrigueras y comportamiento general en armadillos. Por ello, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la población de armadillos Dasypus novemcinctus e inventariar las especies de vertebrados asociados a sus madrigueras, en una finca dedicada a la ganadería intensiva, en Soná, Veraguas, Panamá. Para la realización de esta investigación, se utilizó un método mixto de observación directa y cámaras trampa desde enero hasta junio de 2022. Se detectaron 47 armadillos y se determinó una densidad de 1.25 madrigueras/a y 0.38 ind/ha. Se registraron un total de 18 especies asociadas a las madrigueras de D. novemcinctus; nueve de aves, siete de mamíferos y dos de reptiles. Se presentan las primeras observaciones de Tamandúa mexicana, Procyon lotor y Conepatus semistriatus, los cuales no habían sido reportados en esta localidad. El presente estudio resalta la importancia de los armadillos como especie clave en ecosistemas, ya que por su actividad atraen múltiples especies, contribuyendo a mantener la biodiversidad; incluso en zonas intervenidas como fincas ganaderas.
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Batista, Jael Soares, Carlos Iberê Alves Freitas, Kaline Alessandra Rodrigues De Paiva, Jardel Bezerra Da Silva, Francisco Silvestre Brilhante Bezerra, Roberio Gomes De Olinda, Taciana Melo Fernandes, and Andréia Freitas Oliveira. "Hepatic Lipidosis in Banded Armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) Bred in Captivity." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 44, no. 1 (January 16, 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.84774.

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Background: Wild animals bred in captivity may develop steatosis due to unbalanced dietary intake and obesity caused by sedentary behaviour. In some rural areas, six-banded armadillos are raised in captivity inside some metal barrels, with restricted space, and are often overfeed. After getting fattening, armadillos they are slaughtered and used as food. Theunfavorable conditions may somehow contribute to likely underlie the development of many diseases, among them we can including hepatic steatosis. The present report aims to describe the pathological fndings of hepatic lipidosis in banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus), bred in captivity.Case: The animals were three female adult six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus), caught in the native forest of the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil and raised in domestic environment in a small enclosure and fed with human food leftovers. After eight months kept in these conditions armadillos had severe obesity and then were donated to the city zoo, where they were quarantined and presented clinical symptoms of anorexia for two weeks, weight loss and exhaustion. After being found dead during daily inspection carried out by the veterinarian zoo, the six-banded armadillos were sent to the Animal Pathology Laboratory of Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA) for pathological examination.The animals presented with a history of anorexia were extremely obese and the autopsy detected had extensive deposits of fat in the carcass and liver. Histopathologically, the liver cells hepatocytes showed marked intracytoplasmic vacuolization and with peripheral displacement of the nucleus to the periphery, with and positive staining for lipids using scarlet Sudan III. To our knowledge, this is the frst report of hepatic lipidosis in banded.Discussion: Hepatic lipidosis can be categorized into normal liver and mild, moderate, or severe fatty liver. In severe cases, it is estimated that 80% of the hepatocytes are affected. Therefore, we classifed the hepatic lipidosis of the three studied female six-banded armadillos as severe, since the lipids were deposited diffusely. Based on the severity of the lesions and absence of other fndings, we concluded here that hepatic lipidosis contributed to the cause of the six-banded armadil los death. The weight of the animals in this report may be associated with innapropriate enclosure dimensions and a diet based on human food leftovers. Such diet was reportedly composed of rice, beens, spaghetti, and bread, which are food with high levels of carbohydrate. The armadillos of the Euphractus sexcinctus species usually weigh between 3 and 6 kg and hence, the animals of this report showed twice the normal weight. The occurrence of hepatic lipidosis associated with anorexia triggered by a stressful event such as a change of environment and diet armadillos observed in the present study is in agreement with literature data pointing anorexia in obese animals as a major predisposing factors for the occurrence of hepatic lipidosis by promoting energy restriction, peripheral lipolysis and large intake of fatty acids to the liver.Keywords: Euphractus sexcinctus, armadillos, anatomopathology, liver, lipidosis.
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Vizcaíno, Sergio F., and Gerardo De Iuliis. "Evidence for advanced carnivory in fossil armadillos (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Dasypodidae)." Paleobiology 29, no. 1 (2003): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029<0123:efacif>2.0.co;2.

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The euphractine Macroeuphractus outesi, from the late Pliocene Chapadmalalan SALMA of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, is one of the largest dasypodids known. Its skull preserves features remarkable for an armadillo. Its complete dental arcade and large caniniform teeth have received attention in the literature as indicative of scavenging behavior. This report considers the degree of carnivory within the context of the generally omnivorous feeding behavior of euphractine armadillos through morphological and biomechanical analyses. Morphological analyses reveal that the main differences between M. outesi and other euphractines are the enlargement of the cranium, particularly of the temporal fossa; more prominent muscular scars for origin of the temporalis muscle; a more expanded rostrum, particularly in dorsoventral height; a more powerful anterior dentition, especially in the great enlargement and caniniform modification of M2; and a deeper and more robust zygomatic arch. Biomechanical analyses indicate that the moment arm of the temporalis musculature is greater than that recorded for other armadillos. These analyses indicate that the temporalis was probably larger and played a more important role in Macroeuphractus than in other euphractines, a pattern that is more usual for carnivorous mammals. Combined with the second upper molariform, which is caniniform, the features suggest that Macroeuphractus occupied an extreme position in the carnivorous-omnivorous feeding behavior of euphractines. Its large size indicates that it could have easily preyed on hare-sized vertebrates.
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Kyrou, Glykeria, Vasileios Charilogis, and Ioannis G. Tsoulos. "Improving the Giant-Armadillo Optimization Method." Analytics 3, no. 2 (June 10, 2024): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/analytics3020013.

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Global optimization is widely adopted presently in a variety of practical and scientific problems. In this context, a group of widely used techniques are evolutionary techniques. A relatively new evolutionary technique in this direction is that of Giant-Armadillo Optimization, which is based on the hunting strategy of giant armadillos. In this paper, modifications to this technique are proposed, such as the periodic application of a local minimization method as well as the use of modern termination techniques based on statistical observations. The proposed modifications have been tested on a wide series of test functions available from the relevant literature and compared against other evolutionary methods.
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Solano Bravo, Elizabeth. "Valores hematológicos del armadillo peludo (Chaetophractus nationi) en cautiverio en un parque zoológico de Lima, Perú." Ciencia y Desarrollo 14 (December 1, 2011): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/cyd.v14i0.1145.

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El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los valores hematológicos del armadillo peludo (Chaetophractus nationi) en cautiverio en un parque zoológico. Su distribución geográfica se ubica entre los 3 500 y 4 300 m.s.n.m., en los arenales de las mesetas andinas de Perú, Argentina, Bolivia y Chile. En la actualidad, su situación es vulnerable según la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN). Siete armadillos adultos aparentemente sanos fueron sometidos a un estudio hematológico con el fin de determinar parámetros referenciales en esta población específica. El diseño estadístico incluyó la determinación del promedio y desviación estándar. Los valores obtenidos en promedio fueron: eritrocitos = 4 738 571,43 /ul; leucocitos = 6 064,29 /ul; hemoglobina = 13,30 g/dl; hematocrito = 36,43 %; neutrófilos = 60,86 %; linfocitos = 23,71 %; monocitos = 0,86 %; eosinófilos = 10,00 %; basófilos = 2,14 % y recuento de plaquetas = 267 285,71 /ul.Palabras clave: valores hematológicos, armadillo, cautiverio, zoológico.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2011.v14.06
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Ríos-Solís, Jesús Alejandro, Juan Carlos López-Acosta, and M. Cristina MacSwiney G. "Potential attack of the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) on nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in northern Oaxaca, México." Therya notes 2, no. 3 (November 24, 2021): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya_notes-21-52.

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El murciélago vampiro común, Desmodus rotundus, es un depredador que de forma obligatoria, se alimenta de sangre de vertebrados de un grupo diverso de presas, pero con preferencia a los mamíferos, tanto nativos como exóticos. El presente registro documenta la primera depredación potencial de un armadillo de nueve bandas, Dasypus novemcinctus, por D. rotundus en vida silvestre. La observación se registró en una cámara trampa colocada en un fragmento de crecimiento secundario de un bosque tropical perennifolio en Oaxaca, México. En una grabación de 10 segundos, observamos a un individuo de D. rotundus acechando y persiguiendo a un individuo de D. novemcinctus que busca alimento en la hojarasca. La presente observación, junto con otro estudio realizado en Brasil, donde un murciélago vampiro persiguió a un armadillo gigante Priodontes maximus, sugiere que los armadillos podrían ser presas de D. rotundus, pero la interacción es difícil de registrar en vida silvestre.
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Araújo, João Victor Silva, Maria Michele Araújo de Sousa Cavalcante, Paulo César de Jesus Gonçalves, Sérgio Paulo Lima Guerra, Andrezza Braga Soares Da Silva, and Airton Mendes Conde Júnior. "Descriptive macroscopic anatomy of the central nervous system six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcintus, Linnaeus, 1758) and nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus, Linnaeus, 1758)." Jornal Interdisciplinar de Biociências 1, no. 1 (December 3, 2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26694/2448-0002.vl1iss1pp13-17.

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Armadillos of the species Dasypus novemcinctus and Euphractus sexcintus are xenarthrico is a mammal that inhabits fields and has several eating habits. This study proposes to analise the macroscopic anatomy of the nervous system of the armadillo peba, enabling comparisons with other mammals. Three animals of each species were to donated ICMBio - Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity, the Serra da Capivara National Park, authorized by SISBIO 22826-01, victims of poaching and they had died. The animals were stored in Histology and Embryology Laboratory of the Morphology Department of Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Piauí. Initially, they were fixed with 10% buffered formalin for 24 hours and then dissected for observation of the organs forming the central nervous system. The central nervous system Armadillo consists of the brain and spinal cord. The macroscopic morphology, the central nervous system Armadillo resembles those of other mammals, however, anatomical features found in the brain and spinal cord suggest a higher olfactory expression and motor skills. https://doi.galoa.com.br/doi/10.17648/jibi-2448-0002-1-1-4200
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Gallo, Jorge A., Tatiana A. Rios, Noralí Pagnutti, María Cecilia Ezquiaga, and Agustín M. Abba. "Tractos digestivos de armadillos: una aproximación a sus dimensiones." Notas sobre Mamíferos Sudamericanos 04, no. 1 (July 2022): 001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31687/saremnms22.6.4.

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En esta nota registramos la longitud del intestino delgado (ID) y del intestino grueso (IG) de nueve especies de armadillos (Cabassous chacoensis, Chaetophractus vellerosus, Cha. villosus, Chlamyphorus truncatus, Dasypus hybridus, D. novemcinctus, Euphractus sexcinctus, Tolypeutes matacus y Zaedyus pichiy). A partir de los datos obtenidos de la bibliografía disponible, realizamos una aproximación de la relación entre la longitud del sistema digestivo y dos variables morfométricas (masa corporal y largo del cuerpo) para seis de las nueve especies de armadillos. Si bien son necesarios análisis alométricos, la masa corporal podría ser una variable morfométrica que permita inferir la longitud del ID de las distintas especies de armadillos, esperando mayor longitud de ID para especies de mayor masa corporal.
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Rodrigues, Thiago F., Aline M. B. Mantellatto, Mariella Superina, and Adriano G. Chiarello. "Ecosystem services provided by armadillos." Biological Reviews 95, no. 1 (August 25, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12551.

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Friedrich, M. J. "Armadillos Bring Risk of Leprosy." JAMA 320, no. 11 (September 18, 2018): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.12741.

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Billet, Guillaume, Lionel Hautier, Benoit de Thoisy, and Frédéric Delsuc. "The hidden anatomy of paranasal sinuses reveals biogeographically distinct morphotypes in the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)." PeerJ 5 (August 15, 2017): e3593. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3593.

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BackgroundWith their Pan-American distribution, long-nosed armadillos (genusDasypus) constitute an understudied model for Neotropical biogeography. This genus currently comprises seven recognized species, the nine-banded armadillo (D. novemcinctus) having the widest distribution ranging from Northern Argentina to the South-Eastern US. With their broad diversity of habitats, nine-banded armadillos provide a useful model to explore the effects of climatic and biogeographic events on morphological diversity at a continental scale.MethodsBased on a sample of 136 skulls ofDasypusspp. belonging to six species, including 112 specimens identified asD. novemcinctus, we studied the diversity and pattern of variation of paranasal cavities, which were reconstructed virtually using µCT-scanning or observed through bone transparency.ResultsOur qualitative analyses of paranasal sinuses and recesses successfully retrieved a taxonomic differentiation between the traditional speciesD. kappleri,D. pilosusandD. novemcinctusbut failed to recover diagnostic features between the disputed and morphologically similarD. septemcinctusandD. hybridus. Most interestingly, the high variation detected in our large sample ofD. novemcinctusshowed a clear geographical patterning, with the recognition of three well-separated morphotypes: one ranging from North and Central America and parts of northern South America west of the Andes, one distributed across the Amazonian Basin and central South America, and one restricted to the Guiana Shield.DiscussionThe question as to whether these paranasal morphotypes may represent previously unrecognized species is to be evaluated through a thorough revision of theDasypusspecies complex integrating molecular and morphological data. Remarkably, our recognition of a distinct morphotype in the Guiana Shield area is congruent with the recent discovery of a divergent mitogenomic lineage in French Guiana. The inflation of the second medialmost pair of caudal frontal sinuses constitutes an unexpected morphological diagnostic feature for this potentially distinct species. Our results demonstrate the benefits of studying overlooked internal morphological structures in supposedly cryptic species revealed by molecular data. It also illustrates the under-exploited potential of the highly variable paranasal sinuses of armadillos for systematic studies.
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Billet, Guillaume, Lionel Hautier, and Renaud Lebrun. "Morphological diversity of the bony labyrinth (inner ear) in extant Xenarthrans and its relation to phylogeny." Journal of Mammalogy 96, no. 4 (May 26, 2015): 658–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv074.

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Abstract We present a survey of the morphological diversity of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear in Xenarthra, including the fossil ground sloth Megatherium. Using a combination of traditional and geometric morphometrics, correlation analyses, and qualitative observations, we attempt to extract independent and informative phylogenetic characters of the bony labyrinth for the superorder. Geometric morphometric analyses demonstrate a strong imprint of phylogenetic history on the shape of the bony labyrinth of xenarthrans and a weak influence of allometry. Discrete characters mapped on a consensus cladogram for xenarthrans show support for many traditional nodes within the superorder and may also provide critical information for problematic nodes within Cingulata. A relatively large lateral semicircular canal may, for instance, represent a synapomorphy for the molecular clade allying fairy armadillos (Chlamyphorinae) to the Tolypeutinae. Striking convergences were detected when comparing Megatherium, the giant ground sloth, with extant armadillos and Chlamyphorus, the pink fairy armadillo, with the extant three- and two-toed sloths. These findings have the potential to help understand the phylogenetic relationships of fossil xenarthrans. Presentamos un estudio de la diversidad morfológica del laberinto óseo del oído interno de los xenartros, incluyendo el perezoso fósil Megatherium. Utilizamos una combinación de morfométrica tradicional y geométrica, análisis de correlación y observaciones cuantitativas para intentar extraer caracteres filogenéticos independientes e informativos del laberinto óseo para el superorden. Los análisis geométricos morfométricos muestran una fuerte impronta de la historia filogenética de la forma del laberinto óseo de los xenartros y una baja influencia de la alometría. Los caracteres discretos mapeados en un cladograma de consenso para xenartros apoyan varios nodos tradicionales dentro del superorden y podrían también brindar información importante para los nodos problemáticos dentro de los Cingulata. Un canal semicircular lateral relativamente largo podría, por ejemplo, representar una sinapomorfía que apoye el clado molecular que une a los pichiciegos con los Tolypeutinae. Se hallaron notables convergencias al comparar Megatherium con los armadillos actuales, y Chlamyphorus con los perezosos actuales. Estos hallazgos tienen el potencial para ayudar a entender las relaciones filogenéticas de los xenartros fósiles.
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CARDONATTO, M. CRISTINA, and RICARDO NÉSTOR MELCHOR. "NEOICHNOLOGY OF ARMADILLOS: KEYS FOR THE PALEOECOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL INTERPRETATION OF FOSSIL TETRAPOD BURROWS." PALAIOS 38, no. 2 (February 27, 2023): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2022.034.

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ABSTRACT This study is based on the analysis of burrow casts of three species of armadillos from central Argentina: Chaetophractus villosus, Chaetophractus vellerosus, and Zaedyus pichiy (Chlamyphoridae: Euphractinae). The aim of this work was to identify key ichnologic signatures of Euphractinae armadillo burrows for application to the paleoecological and behavioral interpretation of fossil examples. A total of 15 active burrows from different biogeographic provinces were casted with polyurethane foam and then excavated. About two hundred uncasted burrows and foraging pits were also measured at the same localities. Euphractinae burrows are clearly distinguished from Chlamyphorinae burrows by its filling, surface ornamentation, and size. It is suggested that fossil armadillo (Euphractinae) burrows would be characterized by a single ramp with one entrance and massive or laminated fill, horizontal diameter larger than 100 mm, strongly marked sets of three claw traces that are arranged oblique to the ramp axis, and absence of feces or plant remains. The distinctive surface ornamentation present in the casted burrows is tentatively linked to a particular excavation mechanism involving rotation of the body along the antero-posterior axis. Burrow systems with a chamber are interpreted as permanent burrows, whereas those lacking chamber are considered as temporary/shelter burrows. Armadillo burrow systems (either temporary or permanent) are longer, less inclined, and have lower relative diameter indices (RDI) than armadillo foraging pits. Euphractinae burrows are linked to producers with solitary, fossorial, opportunistic omnivorous habits that excavate several burrows during their lives. They are left open after abandonment, and preferably located in xeric shrub lands and grasslands. The described morphological features of the burrows systems can be useful for the interpretation of fossil (post-Eocene) burrows.
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Gómez-Ortiz, Yuriana, Víctor Fajardo, Octavio Monroy-Vilchis, Germán D. Mendoza, and Vicente Urios. "Is food quality important for carnivores? The case of Puma concolor." Animal Biology 61, no. 3 (2011): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075511x584227.

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AbstractThe composition and energetic content of puma (Puma concolor) diet in Sierra Nanchititla Natural Reserve (SNNR), Mexico, were determined. We collected 183 scats, where 27 components were identified by occurrence (88.07% mammals). The puma's diet was mainly composed of armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus, 40.33%), white-nosed coati (Nasua narica, 11.93%) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus, 6.17%). Energetic analysis of prey indicates that the puma prefers those with higher energetic content (kcal/kg). The prey with the most energetic contribution is armadillo (2398.70 kcal/kg), followed by white-nosed coati (2225.25 kcal/kg) and finally white-tailed deer (2165.52 kcal/kg). The differences in energetic content between prey species were statistically significant. The number of individuals killed/year on average to support a puma was 51 armadillos, 16 white-tailed deer and 7 white-nosed coatis. The results indicate a greater consumption of prey that provide more kilocalories to the predator, and suggests the importance of quality meat in the diet of pumas.
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Abba, Agustín M., Guillermo H. Cassini, Guido Valverde, Marie-Ka Tilak, Sergio F. Vizcaíno, Mariella Superina, and Frédéric Delsuc. "Systematics of hairy armadillos and the taxonomic status of the Andean hairy armadillo (Chaetophractus nationi)." Journal of Mammalogy 96, no. 4 (June 3, 2015): 673–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv082.

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43

Truman, R. W., J. A. Kumaresan, C. M. McDonough, C. K. Job, and R. C. Hastings. "Seasonal and spatial trends in the detectability of leprosy in wild armadillos." Epidemiology and Infection 106, no. 3 (June 1991): 549–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800067613.

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Summary:A survey for leprosy among 565 armadillos from Louisiana and Texas found IgM antibodies to the phenolic glycolipid-l antigen of Mycobacterium leprae in 16% of the animals. There were no geographic trends in the distribution of prevalence rates between the sites and the disease probably has a much greater range. Repeat observations in one location showed significant seasonal variations in the observable antibody prevalence rate, but the yearly average remained similar. Infected armadillos tended to be heavier, and the females usually had plasma progesterone concentrations indicative of sexual maturity. Using these characteristics to stratify the populations into adult and sub-adult cohorts, variations in the observable leprosy prevalence rate were seen to be proportional to changes in the age structure of the populations. Leprosy appears to be maintained in steady state within some regions, and nearly a third of the adult armadillos in Louisiana and Texas harbour M. leprae.
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Nyendak, M. "Molecular Sleuthing: Linking Leprosy and Armadillos." Science Translational Medicine 3, no. 85 (June 1, 2011): 85ec82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3002688.

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45

Greenwald, Jeffrey S., and Renee Domozych. "Armadillos: An emerging zoonosis in Florida." JAAD Case Reports 3, no. 4 (July 2017): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdcr.2017.04.016.

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46

Vizcaino, Sergio F., Richard A. Fariña, and Gerardo V. Mazzetta. "Ulnar dimensions and fossoriality in armadillos." Acta Theriologica 44 (September 5, 1999): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.99-29.

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47

Kinlaw, Alton Emory. "Burrow Dispersion of Central Florida Armadillos." Southeastern Naturalist 5, no. 3 (September 2006): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[523:bdocfa]2.0.co;2.

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48

Douglas, Charles. "Armadillos and monkeys not the culprits." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 35, no. 2 (April 2011): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2011.00691.x.

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49

Gallo, Jorge A., Norali Pagnutti, M. Cecilia Chiale, and Agustin M. Abba. "Anormalidades cromáticas en armadillos (Xenarthra: Cingulata): registros hallados en la web." Notas sobre Mamíferos Sudamericanos 05, no. 1 (September 2023): 001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31687/saremnms23.8.4.

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Abstract:
El albinismo, leucismo y melanismo son las anormalidades cromáticas más registradas por lo raras y/o llamativas que son. El objetivo de esta nota es presentar cuatro nuevos registros de anormalidades cromáticas en armadillos obtenidos por la comunidad. Se registraron un caso de albinismo y otro de leucismo en Dasypus novemcinctus, un caso de albinismo en Chaetophractus villosus y otro de albinismo en Chaetophractus vellerous. Estas aberraciones cromáticas serían poco frecuentes en armadillos, debido principalmente a estrategias reproductivas que evitarían la endogamia y por lo tanto la pérdida de diversidad genética.
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50

EZQUIAGA, MARÍA CECILIA, and ESTEBAN SOIBELZON. "New records of fleas and ticks in armadillos (Xenarthra: Chlamyphoridae) from the Espinal and Monte ecoregions of La Pampa province, Argentina." Zootaxa 4950, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.12.

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La Pampa province is divided into two clearly distinguishable fractions: a small northeastern humid sector corresponding to the Pampas ecoregion and a drier western sector, represented by the Monte de Llanuras y Mesetas (termed Monte region in this paper) and Espinal ecoregions (sensu Brown et al. 2006). These three ecoregions are visibly distinguishable from an edaphological and phytogeographic point of view, while the mammalian fauna composition is homogeneous. The study area was located in the central part of the province, comprising the Monte and Espinal ecoregions (Fig. 1). In that area three species of armadillos are recorded (Soibelzon et al. 2015). Two of these (Zaedyus pichiy Desmarest, 1804 and Chaetophractus villosus Desmarest, 1804) (Xenarthra: Chlamyphoridae) are the most common and widely distributed armadillos both in the province and in the country, while the third species, Chlamyphorus truncatus Harlan, 1825, has a more restricted distribution and is one of the most cryptic and least known armadillos in the country. For this reason, in our fieldwork ectoparasites were obtained only from the first two species mentioned.
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