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Journal articles on the topic 'Armases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lima, Jô de F., and Fernando Abrunhosa. "The complete larval development of Armases benedicti (Rathbun) (Decapoda, Sesarmidae), from the Amazon region, reared in the laboratory." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 23, no. 2 (June 2006): 460–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752006000200021.

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The four zoeal and one megalopal stages of the wharf crab Armases benedicti (Rathbun, 1897) larvae reared in the laboratory are described and illustrated in detail. The mean duration for each larval stage was 3, 2, 4, 4 and 13 days, respectively. The duration of the larval period from hatching to the first juvenile was 26 days. Morphologically, A. benedicti is very similar to the reported species of genus. However, a small lateral spine is clearly observed in the carapace of zoeal stages of this species. This feature appears to be unique among the family Sesarmidae. Another distinctive character for this species is the zoeal setation of the maxilla endopod (2+2) in which most of the sesarmids have setation (2+3) except for Sesarma tetragonum (Fabricius, 1798). Other comparisons with previous larval studies of the genus Armases Abele, 1992 are briefly discussed.

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2

Marochi, Murilo Z., Setuko Masunari, and Christoph D. Schubart. "Morphological and genetic distinction of Armases angustipes and A. miersii (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)." Crustaceana 91, no. 9 (2018): 1097–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003810.

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Abstract Among coastal crabs of the family Sesarmidae from the western Atlantic, there have been problems of misidentification and controversial reports of distribution, especially due to the morphological similarity and sympatric occurrence of some species. In order to clarify the morphological distinction between Armases angustipes and Armases miersii we here summarize morphological information of the two species and provide new information on the distribution of A. angustipes. In addition, museum specimens from the Bahamas assigned to A. angustipes were morphologically and genetically re-identified as A. miersii, questioning the occurrence of the former species in this archipelago. In this case, there would be no geographic overlap between the two species, with A. angustipes becoming the southern form, mostly restricted to South America. Further studies on the variability among populations of A. miersii and A. angustipes are needed.

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3

Charmantier, G., M. Charmantier-Daures, and K. Anger. "Ontogeny of osmoregulation in the grapsid crab Armases miersii (Crustacea, Decapoda)." Marine Ecology Progress Series 164 (1998): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps164285.

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4

Niem, Volker H. "Phylogenetic Relationships Among American Species of Sesarma (Subgenus Armases) (Brachyura, Grapsidae)." Crustaceana 69, no. 3 (1996): 330–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854096x00934.

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5

Simoni, Riccardo, Stefano Cannicci, Klaus Anger, Hans-Otto Pörtner, and Folco Giomi. "Do amphibious crabs have amphibious eggs? A case study of Armases miersii." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 409, no. 1-2 (December 2011): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.08.010.

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6

Cuesta, José A., and Klaus Anger. "LARVAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE SESARMID CRAB ARMASES ANGUSTIPES DANA, 1852 (DECAPODA, BRACHYURA, GRAPSOIDEA)." Journal of Crustacean Biology 21, no. 3 (August 2001): 821–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1651/0278-0372(2001)021[0821:lmotsc]2.0.co;2.

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7

Cuesta, José A., and Klaus Anger. "Larval Morphology of the Sesarmid Crab Armases Angustipes Dana, 1852 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsoidea)." Journal of Crustacean Biology 21, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 821–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20021975-99990175.

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8

Figueiredo, Joana, Gil Penha-Lopes, Justin Anto, Luís Narciso, and Junda Lin. "Fecundity, brood loss and egg development through embryogenesis of Armases cinereum (Decapoda: Grapsidae)." Marine Biology 154, no. 2 (February 22, 2008): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-008-0922-2.

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9

Araújo, Marina de Sá Leitão C. de, Deusinete de O. Tenório, and Daniela da S. Castiglioni. "Population biology of the crab Armases angustipes (Crustacea, Decapoda, Sesarmidae) at Brazilian tropical coast." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 104, no. 2 (June 2014): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-476620141042150161.

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The semi terrestrial crabs are important elements of the fauna of coastal regions. The aim of this study was to analyze the population structure of Armases angustipes (Dana, 1852) at estuaries of the Ariquindá River, considered a non impacted area, and Mamucabas River, considered a few impacted area, on the south coast of state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The species occurred in all months of the year. The number of individuals per month varied, being higher in the months of transition between the seasons. This is probably due to significant seasonal variations of air and burrow temperature and burrow salinity. There was no sexual dimorphism in size of A. angustipes in the mangrove of Ariquindá River, but males were larger than females in the mangrove of Mamucabas River. In both estuaries, the sex ratio did not differ from Mendelian proportion, but showed a deviation for females. The analysis of temporal variation in sex ratio showed significant differences in some months of the year. These variations are due to cyclical events that act distinctly on each sex. In both estuaries, size classes of carapace width were equally represented by both sexes. The ovigerous females of A. angustipes occurred only in some months of the year, especially in summer, in both estuaries. Probably the high phytoplankton productivity observed in summer favors the reproductive activity, since these algae serve as food for the larvae. Specimens of the population of Rio Ariquindá are largest and wider than those of Mamucabas River. This fact, associated with the low abundance of crabs and the lower frequency of ovigerous females observed in Mamucabas River, is an indication that this population may be influenced by the environmental impacts that this estuary has received.

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10

Canela, Maria Bernadete F., and Marlies Sazima. "Florivory by the Crab Armases angustipes (Grapsidae) Influences Hummingbird Visits to Aechmea pectinata (Bromeliaceae)1." BIOTROPICA 35, no. 2 (2003): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1646/02096.

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11

Cuesta, José A., Martina Schuh, Rudolf Diesel, and Christoph D. Schubart. "Abbreviated Development of Armases Miersii (Grapsidae: Sesarminae), a Crab That Breeds in Supralittoral Rock Pools." Journal of Crustacean Biology 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1549543.

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12

Kowalczuk, Vânia G. L., and Setuko Masunari. "Estrutura populacional de Armases angustipes (Dana) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsidae) na Ilha do Farol, Matinhos, Paraná." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 17, no. 1 (March 2000): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752000000100001.

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13

Canela, Maria Bernadete F., and Marlies Sazima. "Florivory by the Crab Armases angustipes (Grapsidae) Influences Hummingbird Visits to Aechmea pectinata (Bromeliaceae)1." Biotropica 35, no. 2 (June 2003): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2003.tb00287.x.

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14

Kowalczuk, Vania G. L., and Setuko Masunari. "Crescimento relativo e determinação da idade na fase juvenil de Armases angustipes (Dana) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsidae)." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 17, no. 1 (March 2000): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752000000100002.

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15

Marochi, Murilo Zanetti, Setuko Masunari, and Christoph D. Schubart. "Genetic and Morphological Differentiation of the Semiterrestrial Crab Armases angustipes (Brachyura: Sesarmidae) along the Brazilian Coast." Biological Bulletin 232, no. 1 (February 2017): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/691985.

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16

Anger, Klaus. "Salinity tolerance of the larvae and first juveniles of a semiterrestrial grapsid crab, Armases miersii (Rathbun)." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 202, no. 2 (September 1996): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(96)00022-6.

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17

Kiskaddon, Erin, Kiley Chernicky, and Susan Bell. "Resource use by and trophic variability of Armases cinereum (Crustacea, Brachyura) across human-impacted mangrove transition zones." PLOS ONE 14, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): e0212448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212448.

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18

Anger, Klaus, Gabriela Torres, and Luis Giménez. "Metamorphosis of a sesarmid river crab, Armases roberti : stimulation by adult odours versus inhibition by salinity stress." Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 39, no. 4 (November 23, 2006): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10236240600986183.

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19

Lima, Giovana V., and Lídia M. Y. Oshiro. "Maturidade sexual do caranguejo Armases rubripes (Rathbun) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae) na Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 23, no. 4 (December 2006): 1078–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752006000400014.

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Objetivou-se analisar a maturidade sexual de Armases rubripes (Rathbun, 1897) em três diferentes ambientes (rio, praia arenosa e manguezal) no sudeste do Brasil. Os caranguejos foram coletados mensalmente de julho/2002 a fevereiro/2004, utilizando-se peneiras no Rio Sahy durante as marés altas e, manualmente, na praia e no manguezal, durante as marés baixas. Os animais foram capturados por dois coletores num esforço de 15 minutos por estação de coleta. No laboratório, os exemplares foram separados por sexo e mensurados em relação a largura da carapaça, do abdome e comprimento do gonopódio. As gônadas, gonopódios e o abdome foram analisados segundo sua forma e seu aspecto. Um total de 4.051 indivíduos foram amostrados (1.067 machos, 1.563 fêmeas e 1.421 juvenis). Foram determinados cinco morfotipos: juvenis, machos imaturos, fêmeas imaturas, machos maduros e fêmeas maduras. O início da maturidade sexual fisiológica e morfológica ocorreu de forma assíncrona, com machos produzindo gametas mais cedo que as fêmeas. O tamanho da primeira maturidade sexual apresentou diferença significativa entre os ambientes analisados, exceção observada para o manguezal. Os indivíduos obtidos no manguezal apresentaram menores tamanhos para o início da maturidade sexual. Embora, estimados os tamanhos da maturidade sexual morfológica de machos e fêmeas, a análise do crescimento alométrico foi inadequado para a espécie.

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20

Shahdadi, Adnan, Pierre A. Mvogo Ndongo, Theresa Suess, and Christoph D. Schubart. "Reappraisal and redescription of the three species of the recently defined genus Guinearma Shahdadi & Schubart, 2017, with a key to the West African Sesarmidae (Decapoda, Brachyura)." Crustaceana 92, no. 3 (February 28, 2019): 307–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003863.

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Abstract West African mangroves host seven species of sesarmid crabs; three of which belong to the recently established genus Guinearma Shahdadi & Schubart, 2017, i.e., G. alberti (Rathbun, 1921), G. huzardi (Desmarest, 1825), and G. kamermani (De Man, 1883). The last species was originally described based on a single male specimen, and no further record has been published so far. Moreover, the three species of Guinearma were previously only briefly and superficially described. Along with some new records for G. kamermani, here we newly describe and illustrate the three species of Guinearma in detail, and discuss their diagnostic key features (mostly chelar characters). To facilitate their identification in the field, the other four species of West African Sesarmidae (i.e., Armases elegans (Herklots, 1851), Chiromantes angolense (De Brito Capello, 1864), C. buettikoferi (De Man, 1883), and Metagrapsus curvatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)) are also illustrated and an identification key is provided.

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21

Anger, K. "Developmental biology of Armases miersii (Grapsidae), a crab breeding in supratidal rock pools. I. Facultative lecithotrophy of larval stages." Marine Ecology Progress Series 117 (1995): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps117075.

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22

Anger, Klaus, Gabriela Torres, Mireille Charmantier-Daures, and Guy Charmantier. "Adaptive diversity in congeneric coastal crabs: Ontogenetic patterns of osmoregulation match life-history strategies in Armases spp (Decapoda, Sesarmidae)." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 367, no. 1 (November 2008): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.08.009.

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23

Hasek, B. E., and D. L. Felder. "Biochemical composition of ovary, embryo, and hepatopancreas in the grapsoid crabs Armases cinereum and Sesarma nr. reticulatum (Crustacea, Decapoda)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 140, no. 3 (March 2005): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.11.010.

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24

Santos, CM, GV Lima, AA Nascimento, A. Sales, and LMY Oshiro. "Histological and histochemical analysis of the gonadal development of males and females of Armases rubripes (Rathbun 1897) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, no. 1 (February 2009): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842009000100021.

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The objective of this study was to provide information on the histological characteristics of the gonads of male and female Armases rubripes crabs, and to try to establish a relationship between the microscopic and macroscopic stages previously identified. Thirty-six crabs were collected by hand between February 2003 and January 2004 in banks of Spartina alterniflora on Sahy Beach in Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The histological analysis of the ovaries of A. rubripes demonstrated a gradual process of development of the oocytes. According to their cellular characteristics, five types of cells were distinguished: oogonia, oocyte I, oocyte II, oocyte III and oocyte IV. The ovaries showed four stages during gonadal activity: stage I (rudimentary), stage II (developing or maturing), stage III (developed or mature) and stage IV (resting). The results of the histochemical analyses showed that the ovaries vary according to the gonad development stage. The histological aspect of one section of the male gonad was always the same in all of the seminiferous tubules, where the lumen of these tubules always contained spermatozoa and/or spermatids. It was not possible to characterize the three stages of gonad development in the males. This agrees with previous reports in the literature. However, in the females there was a relationship between the gonad stages distinguished macroscopically and the results obtained through the histological and histochemical analysis, due to the presence of different cell types, as well as the lysis process and reabsorption of the oocytes in spent females.

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25

Gray, Heather, and John Christy. "PREDATION BY THE GRAPSID CRAB, ARMASES ANGUSTUM (SMITH, 1870), ON TADPOLES OF THE GREEN POISON FROG, DENDROBATES AURATUS GIRARD, 1855." Crustaceana 73, no. 8 (2000): 1023–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854000504958.

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26

Schuh, Martina, and Rudolf Diesel. "Breeding in a rockpool: Larvae of the semiterrestrial crab Armases [ = Sesarma] miersii (Rathbun) (Decapoda: Grapsidae) develop in a highly variable environment." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 185, no. 1 (January 1995): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(94)00139-5.

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27

Apolloni, Rodrigo Wolff. "“O Dharma das Armas”: origem e significados da iconografia marcial encontrada no Budismo." Revista de Estudos da Religião (REVER). ISSN 1677-1222 13, no. 2 (February 26, 2014): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21724/rever.v13i2.18401.

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Apesar de pouco percebidas nas sociedades ocidentais acostumadas com figuras como a do “Buda Sorridente” ou do “Buda Meditativo”, divindades armadas e ferozes são comuns na iconografia budista de países como Índia, Tibete, China, Coreia e Japão. Neste artigo, investigamos a origem de algumas dessas divindades, em especial as do contexto mahayanista, e buscamos nos aproximar do significado simbólico das armas que elas portam. O objetivo é perceber o valor atribuído à iconografia marcial no contexto do Budismo. Subsidiariamente, tecemos considerações a respeito do afastamento das sociedades ocidentais não budistas em relação aos “Budas armados” e à sua aceitação em relação a figuras como as do “Buda Sorridente” e do “Buda Meditativo”.

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28

Apolloni, Rodrigo Wolff. "“O Dharma das Armas”: origem e significados da iconografia marcial encontrada no Budismo." Revista de Estudos da Religião (REVER). ISSN 1677-1222 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21724/rever.v13i2.18411.

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Apesar de pouco percebidas nas sociedades ocidentais acostumadas com figuras como a do “Buda Sorridente” ou do “Buda Meditativo”, divindades armadas e ferozes são comuns na iconografia budista de países como Índia, Tibete,China, Coreia e Japão. Neste artigo, investigamos a origem de algumas dessas divindades, em especial as do contexto mahayanista, e buscamos nos aproximar do significado simbólico das armas que elas portam. O objetivo é perceber o valor atribuído à iconografia marcial no contexto do Budismo. Subsidiariamente, tecemos considerações a respeito do afastamento das sociedades ocidentais não budistas em relação aos “Budas armados” e à sua aceitação em relação a figuras como as do “Buda Sorridente” e do “Buda Meditativo”.

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29

Anger, Klaus, and Kirstin Schultze. "Elemental composition (CHN), growth and exuvial loss in the larval stages of two semiterrestrial crabs, Sesarma curacaoense and Armases miersii (Decapoda: Grapsidae)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 111, no. 4 (August 1995): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(95)00052-9.

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30

K., Anger, and Moreira G. "Patterns of larval and early juvenile growth in a semiterrestrial crab, Armases angustipes (Decapoda: Sesarmidae): comparison with a congener with abbreviated development." Marine Biology 141, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0814-9.

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31

Lima, Giovana V., Marcelo R. S. Soares, and Lídia M. Y. Oshiro. "Reproductive biology of the sesarmid crab Armases rubripes (Decapoda, Brachyura) from an estuarine area of the Sahy River, Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 96, no. 1 (March 2006): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212006000100007.

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The aim of this work was to gain knowledge about reproductive biology of the crab Armases rubripes (Rathbun, 1897) from an estuarine area of the Sepetiba Bay. Samples were taken monthly from February 2003 to January 2004 in the Sahy River estuary (22º56'S; 44º01'W), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The crabs were collected by hand during 15-minute catch-effort sessions conducted by two people. In the laboratory, the specimens were separated by sex, carapace width was measured and gonadal stage was checked macroscopically. A total of 830 individuals were caught - 304 males, 373 females (60 ovigerous females) and 153 juveniles. The ovigerous females were found almost year-round, except in November and April, showing a continuous reproductive period. They presented a size range from 8.2 to 15.0 mm carapace width (12.1 ± 1.7 mm). Color and macroscopical aspects determined five gonadal stages for males and females (immature, rudimentary, intermediary, developed and resting). First sexual maturity was estimated at 6.5 mm of carapace width for males and 8.1 mm for females. Individual fecundity varied from 200 to 11,460 eggs (4,458 ± 2,739 eggs). Mean egg size was 0.248 ± 0.026 mm, varying from 0.213 to 0.333 mm, while the volume ranged from 0.0051 to 0.0188 mm³ (0.0082 ± 0.0029 mm³).

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32

Anger, K. "Developmental biology of Armases miersii (Grapsidae), a crab breeding in supratidal rock pools. II, Food limitation in the nursery habitat and larval cannibalism." Marine Ecology Progress Series 117 (1995): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps117083.

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33

de Lima, Francielly A., Terezinha Ferreira de Oliveira, and Jussara M. Martinelli-Lemos. "Distribution of brachyuran larvae in an Amazonian estuary as evidence for retention and export." Journal of Crustacean Biology 39, no. 5 (August 13, 2019): 602–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruz051.

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Abstract Brachyuran crabs, like other decapod crustaceans, adopt a number of different strategies for larval dispersal. We verified the influence of variations in temperature, salinity, and pH on the abundance and taxonomic composition of brachyuran larvae in an Amazonian estuary and found evidence of both retention and export dispersal strategies. We identified larvae of 20 different taxa belonging to the families Grapsidae, Ocypodidae, Panopeidae, Pinnotheridae, and Sesarmidae. Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Ocypodidae), Pachygrapsus gracilis (Saussure, 1857) (Grapsidae), Leptuca cumulanta (Crane, 1943) (Ocypodidae), and Armases rubripes (Rathbun, 1897) (Sesarmidae) were the most abundant species. Most of the taxa present in the study area were at the zoea I stage but later larval stages were found in some species, indicating retention and export. Results were supported by canonical correspondence analysis and general linear model, which related larval community structure and reproduction patterns to variations in salinity, influenced primarily by the enormous discharge of the Amazon River and the high rainfall levels in the region. Further investigations of the distribution of larvae on the continental shelf are necessary to confirm the identified dispersal patterns. The study also presents novel data on the composition, abundance, and dispersal of brachyuran larvae in the tropical estuaries of the Amazon River.

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34

Schuh, Martina, and Rudolf Diesel. "Effects of Salinity, Temperature, and Starvation on the Larval Development of Armases (=Sesarma) miersii (Rathbun, 1897), a Semiterrestrial Crab with Abbreviated Development (Decapoda: Grapsidae)." Journal of Crustacean Biology 15, no. 2 (May 1995): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1548948.

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35

Torres, Gabriela, Luis Giménez, and Klaus Anger. "Effects of osmotic stress on crustacean larval growth and protein and lipid levels are related to life-histories: The genus Armases as a model." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 148, no. 2 (October 2007): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.05.011.

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36

Rodríguez de Ita, Guadalupe. "Reseña del libro: El fusil y el olivo: la cuestión militar en Centroamérica, Aguilar, Gabriel." Secuencia, no. 24 (January 1, 1992): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.18234/secuencia.v0i24.403.

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<p>Análisis sobre las fuerzas armadas en Centroamérica en la década de los ochenta. Reúne seis trabajos que presentan un eje común: la trilogía fuerzas armadas, guerra y democracia. Destaca la relación entre la sociedad, el ejercicio del poder y los agentes externos en los conflictos armados de la región.</p>

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37

Luppi, T. A., E. D. Spivak, and C. C. Bas. "The effects of temperature and salinity on larval development of Armases rubripes Rathbun, 1897 (Brachyura, Grapsoidea, Sesarmidae), and the southern limit of its geographical distribution." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 58, no. 3 (November 2003): 575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7714(03)00136-7.

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38

Torres, Gabriela, Klaus Anger, and Luis Giménez. "Effects of reduced salinities on metamorphosis of a freshwater-tolerant sesarmid crab, Armases roberti: Is upstream migration in the megalopa stage constrained by increasing osmotic stress?" Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 338, no. 1 (October 2006): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.07.003.

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39

FURTADO, Henrique Halfeld, and Fernanda Vieira Costa ORLANDINI. "SUICÍDIO NAS FORÇAS ARMADAS." EsSEx: REVISTA CIENTÍFICA 3, no. 4 (January 1, 2020): 74–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.46848/900014.

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De acordo com a World Health Organization (WHO), em 2015, cerca de 800.000 suicídios foram documentados em todo o mundo. Em jovens até 25 anos esses números podem até triplicar em relação a outras causas demorte. Estatísticas americanas mostram que as mulheres apresentam taxa de tentativa de suicídio três vezes maior que os homens, mas os homens possuem quatro vezes mais probabilidade de ter sucesso em consumar o óbito.As Forças Armadas são instituições que empregam um grande contingente de jovens homens que possuem acesso a armas letais e dessa maneira possuem um número expressivo de morte por suicídio. Além disso, o envolvimento em conflitos armados pode influenciar no aumento desses índices, apesar da literatura ser divergente.Dessa forma, este trabalho possui como objetivo ainvestigação das mortes por suicídioem militares para que tenhamos dados para sua correta prevenção e consequente redução nos índices.Foi realizada uma revisão de artigos na literatura sobre o assunto utilizando sites de busca de trabalhos científicos que abordassem o tema sobre suicídio nas Forças Armadas. Foram pesquisadas as seguintes bases de dados: Google Acadêmico, MEDLINE, PsychInfo, SciELO e Biblioteca Virtualem Violência e Saúde da BIREME,referentes ao período de 2005 a 2018.Este trabalho concluiu que a literatura é divergente ao relacionar a profissão militar com o suicídio. O que se nota é uma tendência em se provar que o índice de suicídios entre militares é expressivo, porém é parecido na população civil. Projetos realizados pelo governo e pelas próprias Forças Armadas focando em medidas de prevenção obtiveram resultados satisfatórios e servem comomodelo para aquelas instituições que ainda não se mobilizaram para essa problemática.O estudo genético está cada vez mais importante para se prever transtornos mentais bem como direcionar o tratamento.

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Jesus, Diego Santos Vieira de. "Mirando o passado: autonomia e proteção nas Conferências de Exame do TNP (2000-2010)." História (São Paulo) 31, no. 1 (June 2012): 392–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-90742012000100019.

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O objetivo do artigo é examinar as posições de Estados nuclearmente e não-nuclearmente armados com relação à não-proliferação, ao desarmamento e aos usos pacíficos da energia nuclear nas três últimas Conferências de Exame do TNP. O argumento central é o de que os Estados nuclearmente armados almejavam desenvolver medidas mais rigorosas quanto à não-proliferação de armas nucleares e preservar sua autonomia em relação a outros Estados, fazendo concessões predominantemente marginais na área de desarmamento nuclear a fim de minimizar a oposição de Estados não-nuclearmente armados, especialmente em 2000 e 2010. Já os Estados não-nuclearmente armados desejavam evitar a adoção de medidas propostas pelos Estados nuclearmente armados que minassem o direito inalienável aos usos pacíficos da energia nuclear e ampliar os compromissos dos Estados nuclearmente armados com relação ao desarmamento nuclear.

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Valencia, Olga Lucia, and María Fernanda Daza. "Vinculación a grupos armados: un resultado del conflicto armado en Colombia." Diversitas 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2010): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.15332/s1794-9998.2010.0002.14.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">El presente artículo inicia con un recuento histórico sobre el conflicto en Colombia, y las consecuencias de permanecer en un grupo armado, para luego describir los motivos de vinculación en adultos, en menores de edad y en mujeres. Al final se mencionan las motivaciones para pertenecer a las fuerzas armadas encontrando algunas semejanzas entre los motivos de vinculación a los grupos armados ilegales en comparación con las fuerzas estatales.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Palabras clave: </strong>motivación, fuerzas armadas, grupos ilegales, demovilización.</p>

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Diesel, Rudolf, and Martina Schuh. "Effects of Salinity and Starvation on Larval Development of the Crabs Armases ricordi and A. roberti (Decapoda: Grapsidae) from Jamaica, with Notes on the Biology and Ecology of Adults." Journal of Crustacean Biology 18, no. 3 (August 1998): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1549407.

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Nefedkin, Alexander K. "Lanzas largas y tácticas de los Germanos occidentales en el siglo I D. C. (según la descripción de Tácito)." Gladius 36 (November 21, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gladius.2016.0003.

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En la formación de batalla los guerreros germánicos con largas lanzas y grandes escudos se colocaban en la vanguardia. El tamaño de estos escudos daba una buena protección contra las armas enemigas y por lo tanto las armaduras no eran muy necesarias para estos guerreros. Por otro lado, la ausencia de armadura potenciaba el desarrollo de una buena cobertura con el escudo de gran tamaño. Detrás de los portadores de los escudos se colocaban un gran número de guerreros armados con armas arrojadizas (lanzas y jabalinas). Durante el combate cuerpo a cuerpo los portadores de escudos protegían a éstos de los ataques enemigos. Extendían sus largas lanzas y no permitían la aproximación. Los escudos de gran tamaño los protegían bien, no solo a los que llevaban escudos también al segundo cuerpo que portaban las armas arrojadizas. Esta táctica básica de los germanos en combate nos da la clave para entender la interacción entre los lanzadores y los guerreros armados con largas lanzas y escudos.

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Blishchenko, Igor P. "Aprobación de los Protocolos adicionales de 1977." Revista Internacional de la Cruz Roja 22, no. 143 (October 1997): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0250569x00004222.

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La aprobación, en 1977, de los Protocolos adicionales a los Convenios de Ginebra de 1949 para la protección de las víctimas de la guerra es un acontecimiento de gran significación histórica. A causa de los desarrollos de las armas, los Estados estaban convencidos de que era necesario aprobar nuevas normas de conducta en los conflictos armados: se perfeccionaban los métodos de empleo de las armas convencionales que causaban casi el mismo número de víctimas que las armas de destrucción masiva, afectando a todos sin excepción, causando estragos en el medio ambiente y, consiguientemente, poniendo en peligro la supervivencia de países enteros. Así pues, los Estados decidieron consensuar nuevas normas de conducta en caso de conflicto armado.1. El mayor éxito de la Conferencia Diplomática de 1974–1977 para la reafirmación y el desarrollo del derecho internacional humanitario aplicable en los conflictos armados fue la aprobación del Protocolo adicional II relativo a las conflictos armados no internacionales. Las guerras civiles suelen ser las más cruentas y devastadoras, pues las partes en el conflicto tratan de obtener ventajas a toda costa. Casi por primera vez en la historia de las relaciones internacionales, lo que podía parecer una cuestión de orden interno fue objeto de un acuerdo internacional, según el cual las partes en un conflicto en el territorio de un Estado tienen la obligación de aplicar el derecho internacional.

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Ruiz, José L., Alexandre François, and Mario García-París. "A new singular species of Croscherichia Pardo Alcaide, 1950 (Coleoptera, Meloidae, Mylabrini) from arid zones of eastern Morocco." ZooKeys 885 (November 4, 2019): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.885.34308.

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A new species of blister beetle (Coleoptera, Meloidae, Mylabrini), Croscherichia armass Ruiz, François & García-París, sp. nov., is described from the arid steppes of eastern Morocco (Missour, Boulemane Province). The new species presents traits shared with both Croscherichia and desert species of the genus Ammabris, making it morphologically singular. Conspicuous external similarities (coloration pattern, shape of the mandibles, setation) between C. armasssp. nov. and Ammabris allow the two to be easily confused. However, C. armasssp. nov. can be readily distinguished from all other Croscherichia species by the following traits: reddish-orange legs with dark tarsi; relatively short black antennae with the proximal-most three to four antennomeres of each antenna having a reddish-brown coloration; dense and silvery body setation that lies over most of the body integument; straight and pointed outer mandible margins that protrude from the labrum; a mesosternum with an angulate anterior margin; a short, subcylindrical, and weakly spatulate external metatibial spur that is truncated obliquely at the apex. Croscherichia armasssp. nov. is only known from three localities in the arid Hammada steppes, which are located within the Quaternary alluvial plains of the Muluya river valley. Live specimens of C. armasssp. nov. were found in flight and actively feeding on Atriplex halimus (Chenopodiaceae) flowers at the end of summer (mid-September). The phenology of C. armasssp. nov. is exceptional as no other Mylabrini species known from eastern areas of Morocco are active in late summer.

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Russbach, Rémi. "La protección de la salud en los conflictos armados." Revista Internacional de la Cruz Roja 16, no. 107 (October 1991): 490–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0250569x0001428x.

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Los conflictos armados tienen siempre consecuencias nefastas para la salud, sea por efecto directo de las armas que causan masivamente en una comunidad heridas, quemaduras, asfixia e irradiaciones, sea por las enfermedades surgidas a causa de las perturbaciones del medio en que vive la población.En la mayoría de los casos, lo más mortífero no son los efectos directos de las armas, sino las condiciones en las que debe vivir la población.

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Gehman, Alyssa-Lois M., Natalie A. McLenaghan, James E. Byers, Clark R. Alexander, Steven C. Pennings, and Merryl Alber. "Effects of Small-Scale Armoring and Residential Development on the Salt Marsh-Upland Ecotone." Estuaries and Coasts 41, S1 (August 29, 2017): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0300-8.

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Abstract Small-scale armoring placed near the marsh-upland interface to protect single-family homes is widespread but understudied. Using a nested, spatially blocked sampling design on the coast of Georgia, USA, we compared the biota and environmental characteristics of 60 marshes adjacent to either a bulkhead, a residential backyard with no armoring, or an intact forest. We found that marshes adjacent to bulkheads were at lower tidal elevations and had features typical of lower elevation marsh habitats: high coverage of the marsh grass Spartina alterniflora, high density of crab burrows, and muddy sediments. Marshes adjacent to unarmored residential sites had higher soil water content and lower porewater salinities than the armored or forested sites, suggesting that there may be increased freshwater input to the marsh at these sites. Deposition of Spartina wrack on the marsh-upland ecotone was negatively related to elevation at armored sites and positively related at unarmored residential and forested sites. Armored and unarmored residential sites had reduced densities of the high marsh crab Armases cinereum, a species that moves readily across the ecotone at forested sites, using both upland and high marsh habitats. Distance from the upland to the nearest creek was longest at forested sites. The effects observed here were subtle, perhaps because of the small-scale, scattered nature of development. Continued installation of bulkheads in the southeast could lead to greater impacts such as those reported in more densely armored areas like the northeastern USA. Moreover, bulkheads provide a barrier to inland marsh migration in the face of sea level rise. Retaining some forest vegetation at the marsh-upland interface and discouraging armoring except in cases of demonstrated need could minimize these impacts.

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Álvarez Rodríguez, Irene María. "Más que hombres armados. Revisitar el movimiento de autodefensas de Michoacán." Estudios Sociológicos de El Colegio de México 39, no. 115 (January 15, 2021): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/es.2021v39n115.2038.

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El presente texto es el relato de la transformación subjetiva de una etnógrafa y de cómo una serie de experiencias generó nuevas aproximaciones a su problema de investigación: el movimiento de civiles armados o autodefensas de Michoacán, México. Con frecuencia, este fenómeno es descrito como protagonizado por hombres armados –ya sean las fuerzas armadas, los líderes criminales o civiles–, lo cual no permite profundizar en la perspectiva de todas aquellas personas que son vistas como sujetas de protección. El artículo recupera vivencias etnográficas y personales para argumentar que mucha de la literatura en torno a la movilización civil armada está articulada a partir de una noción androcéntrica de poder, lo cual deja de lado las experiencias femeninas del conflicto.

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Gutiérrez Espada, Cesáreo. "LOS SISTEMAS DE DEFENSA CONTRA DRONES, A LA LUZ DEL DERECHO INTERNACIONAL." Spanish Yearbook of International Lawi 2, no. 71 (September 20, 2019): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17103/redi.71.2.2019.1.10.

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La creciente utilización de drones, armados y no armados, por Estados y actores no estatales, en el marco de conflictos armados internacionales y/o internos o en ausencia de ellos, fuerza a todo Estado que pretenda proteger a sus ciudadanos e infraestructuras, así como a sus Fuerzas Armadas, bases e instalaciones, dentro o fuera del territorio nacional, a dotarse de Sistemas de Defensa contra Drones, muy en particular los de pequeño tamaño, velocidad reducida y altura limitada (LSS: Low, Slow, Small). Este trabajo estudia los tipos de Sistemas existentes y la valoración crítica de su tenencia y uso a la luz del Derecho internacional. Y aprovecha la reciente adopción (enero 2019) de un Concepto Nacional contra UAS LSS por el Centro Conjunto de Desarrollo de Conceptos (CCDC) del Centro Superior de Estudios de la Defensa (CESEDEN) (Ministerio de Defensa), para pronunciarse, asimismo, sobre este texto a la luz, igualmente, del Derecho internacional en vigor.

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Ortiz Posada, Jorge Iván. "Reflexiones sobre minería, pos acuerdo y territorialidad. Relación con los nuevos escenarios del post-acuerdo en Colombia." Teuken Bidikay - Revista Latinoamericana de Investigación en Organizaciones, Ambiente y Sociedad 10, no. 14 (January 1, 2019): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33571/teuken.v10n14a10.

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La implementación del Acuerdo de Paz, firmado entre el Gobierno de Colombia y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, requiere de nuevos escenarios productivos que tengan en cuenta la potencialidad económica de los territorios impactados por la guerra y la vocación económica de estos. La minería en Colombia es una actividad socio-económica que se ejerce en varias subregiones del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia impactadas por el conflicto armado y que puede contribuir a cerrar la brecha de inequidad. La minería mal hecha ha destruido ecosistemas y financiado grupos armados ilegales. Para la etapa de post-acuerdo se proponen proyectos mineros comunitarios autosostenibles en algunos territorios del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia donde tenían presencia las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia.

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