Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Armée de libération nationale (Algérie)'
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Arezki, Saphia. "De l'Armée de Libération Nationale (A.L.N.) à l'Armée Nationale Populaire (A.N.P.) : les officiers algériens dans la construction de l'armée (1954-1991)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010687.
Full textOn November 1st, 1954, the Algerian War for Independence begins. A resistance army is gradually built and organized. In 1962, after seven and a half years of war, tens of thousands fighters form the National Liberation Army (N.L.A.), soon renamed National People’s Army (N.P.A.). After the declaration of independence, the new Algerian State must transform this heterogeneous liberation army into a professional army. This transformation involves several issues that should be analyzed, understood and explained. The study of the building up of the Algerian army, is simultaneously and more specifically a study of the men who take part in this process through a prosopographical study. This thesis aims therefore to shed light on the building of the Algerian army as well as the actors involved in the process. Numerous historical works have focused on the Algerian War, but none has attempted to study the formation of the N.L.A. as such. As for the history of independent Algeria, it remains largely unknown, as 1962 appears as an impassable date in the historiography of Algeria. By combining the history of the Algerian War for Independence and the history of independent Algeria, this thesis focuses on the study of the Algerian army from it birth in 1954 until 1991, when the interruption of the electoral process inaugurates the terrible decade of the 1990’s. How did the N.L.A. take shape? Who are its members? What are the stakes the young Algerian army has to face after independence? How is the N.P.A. organized? Who are the men involved in the transformation of the N.P.A.? What are their trajectories? What are their relationships? These are some of the questions that this research aims to answer
Davezac, Robert. "La montée des violences dans le Grand-Alger (01/06/1958-30/04/1961) : "De l'Algérie province française à la République algérienne"." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20009.
Full textIn spite of thousands of works devoted to the War in Algeria, practically no monograph exists, even about Algiers the capital city of the country. That is why, facing this lack, we have planned to establish the events in order to show the rise of violence which characterized the period from June 1st 1958 to April 30th 1961. The use of selective or blind terrorism by the FLN (National Liberation Front), then by the counter-terrorists and the OAS (Secret Army Organisation), and its repression by the French Army, gave this conflict its peculiar aspect. That kind of violence, apparently eradicated by "The 1957 Battle of Algiers" and removed from the memories by the May 1958 Fraternization, came back on June 6th 1958 and increased without stopping. It provoked, deliberately or not, another terrorism from the partisans of the "French Algeria", opposed to the FLN one and also against the representatives and the partisans of the Central Power, when the latter gave up the Integration Policy. Our thesis reconstitutes the different stages and the logic of this process and its military and political consequences upon the development of the war. As a consequence of this terrorism, the use of repressive methods leading to torture is mentioned in it. The evolution of the mentalities of both communities in Algiers (European and Muslim ones), their relationships and their reactions in front of the Central Power Policy are examined as causes and consequences of this process
Aït-El-Djoudi, Dalila. "Image des combattants français vue par l'ALN : 1954-1962 : l'exemple de la wilaya III." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30051.
Full textThis work on fighters' memory of the algerian war underlines the reflexion (thought) of a restrocpective look from a french point of view and from the algerian perception of the conflict. We try to confront fighters of the “ ALN ” with the image they convey and with the perception they have of the french combatants. This approach allows to take in account the opinion, the judgment of the other side, the same judgement against witch the french combatant fought. The vision of the french combatants is as much a matter of strategy as a matter of the evolution of the conscience. It reveals a certain state of the mind but above all, it constitutes in times of fighting a privilegied means of propaganda. The representation of the enemy (opponent) is linked to the rejection of the colonial system. The feeling of otherness (alterity) is influenced by the political nature of war. This work of reconstruction whose recollection makes up on the privilegied contributions of this thesis, comprises a corpus of seventy-nine testimonies from veterans of the “ ALN ”, recorded in Algeria and more particulary in Kabylia (the old wilaya III) between 1999 and 2002
Hautreux, François-Xavier. "L'armée française et les supplétifs "français musulmans" pendant la guerre d'Algérie : expérience et enjeux." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA10A003.
Full textBoserup, Rasmus Alenius. "Violence as politics : the escalation and de-escalation of political violence in Algeria 1954-2007." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0358.
Full textThe central aim of the thesis is to identify the dynamics behind the changes from non-violent to violent collective action in Algeria from 1954 to 2007. The central argument is that these dynamics are political rather than cultural, although culture plays a role in forming the violence. The thesis brings new insight in four areas. First, it presents a large body of formerly unknown empirical material collected during fieldwork in Algeria and in public and private archives in France and England. Second, it proposes a typological analysis of the different repertoires of contentious politics in Algeria, which reveals hiherto unknown interrelations between different types of political violence. Third, it proposes a narration of Algerian modern political history, which deviates from the conventions in the existing historiography. Fourth, it relates the Algerian example to the current theoretical discussions within the social sciences about state formation, social movements, and violence
Millerat, Bernard. "Les officiers administrateurs au Maghreb : Maroc, Algérie, 1912-1962." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS008S.
Full textWe seek to understand the essential features characterizing the role and duties of officers established in Morocco in 1912 as administrators named “Officiers des Affaires Indigènes”, and in Algeria from 1955 until the independence as “Officiers des Affaires Algériennes” (or officers of the “Sections Administratives Spécialisées”, S. A. S. ). These officers of the French army act in two completely different legal contexts : the first ones within the sovereign territory of the Sharifian Empire, the latter ones within a French territory governed by the laws of the Republic. From these two cases, we compare the respective roles of these officers, and determine how they differ. We argue that they share the desire and goal to resume contact (lost or non-existent until then) with Muslim populations which are concerned with peace, abandoned to poverty for too long, having nothing but trust to give back. This gathered the officers of the Indigenous Affairs and of the Algerian Affairs into the same crucible
Monneret, Jean. "La phase finale de la Guerre d'Algérie." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040288.
Full textIn 1962, the exodus towards France of one million Europeans settled in Algeria has often been explained by reference to the outrages committed by the OAS (Secret Army Organisation). It has in fact a variety of causes, among which the abduction of more than 3. 000 French citizens by the FLN (National Liberation Front) and uncontrolled groups ranks prominently. This historical fact has long been concealed. The void of the accords d'Évian, the ineffectiveness of the executif provisoire, (a provisional body in charge of current affairs in the interval leading to the independence) the ambiguousness of the orders conveyed to the French army are other important factors shedding light on this crucial period of time. We have chosen to call it. The final stage of the Algerian war and we are in a position to bring new contributions to the understanding of its various developments. Of course, such an analysis requires additional forays into a number of preceding events. The French government's policies before and after 1961, the rise of the secret army and its various strategies are examined thoroughly. The national liberation front's successive crises are equally studied in details. The brutal and violent events of those days have led to an important destruction of the social fabric of the emerging Algerian republic with consequences enduring to recent times
Besnaci-Lancou, Fatima. "Les missions du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) pendant la guerre d'Algérie et ses suites (1955-1963) en Algérie, au Maroc et en Tunisie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040229.
Full textThis thesis examines the missions of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) during the Algerian War and its aftermath. The ICRC intervenes both in wars between states and in non-international armed conflicts, in an attempt to ensure the respect of humanitarian rules. During the “events” in Algeria, mass arrests of members and militants of the FLN (Algerian National Liberation Front) led to overcrowding in the prisons and was a factor in the establishment of internment camps. Immediately after independence, thousands of Muslim auxiliaries in the French army were interned in camps; many were subsequently imprisoned. This study looks at the main initiatives taken by the ICRC to ensure that the rules of humanitarian law were applied to the people involved during the seven and a half year of guerrilla warfare and after Algeria’s independence. It focuses on prisons and internment camps in which its delegates inspected material conditions and the treatment and discipline applied to nationalists and, later, to Europeans known to be pro French Algeria, who were arrested from the beginning of 1961, and former auxiliaries, interned between February and August 1963. It also examines initiatives taken by the ICRC to gain access to French prisoners in the hands of the FLN and, to a lesser degree, various humanitarian actions to help refugees in Morocco and Tunisia as well as people forcibly displaced by the French army and grouped together in camps
Amrane, Djamila. "Les femmes algériennes et la guerre de libération nationale en Algérie, 1954-1962." Reims, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REIML001.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to make out the militant women's participation in algerian struggle for national independence (1954-1962). According to the fact that french and algerian archives with respect to these events are not yet available for researchers, it was necessary to rely on other sources. This work is mainly founded on two sources as far unexploited : the file of the algerian ministry of the war veterans (moudjahidine), and the oral testimonies of militant women. On the other side, the newspapers of the period have been systematically looked through. Data supplied by 10 949 attestations to militancy concerning women registered as war veterans, have made it possible, thanks to a computer treatment, to obtain reliable statistics and draw some conclusions concerning the number of militant women, their age, geographic location, date of enrolment, sorts of activities, eventual detention and mortality owing to the war. 88 interviews of militant women have been done, recorded, deciphered, then verified by cross-checks and researches. These live witnesses, by their authenticity, have made up for the human dimension lacking in the statistics. With a view to replace in a historical context the women's participation in the war, the first part of this work consists in a statement of algerian women's situation in 1954. Then, after an analysis of statistical results, the social and cultural background has been studied,. .
Mohand-Amer, Amar. "La crise du front de libération nationale de l'été 1962 : indépendance et enjeux de pouvoirs." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070012.
Full textThe FLN's crisis in the summer of 1962 was the logical result of the changes that it had undergone since its creation in the autumn of 1954. During the seven and half years of the armed conflict, serious discords had brewed within the organization. Once the goal of Independence had been achieved, the race for control of the country became another war to win for many of the leaders of the FLN or ALN (National Liberation Army). Chronologically, it was the suspension of the National Council of the Algerian Revolution's (CNRA) fifth and last session in Tripoli, during the night between June 5th and 6th 1962, that marked the beginning of the crisis, which ceased on September 5th, when the FLN's political bureau (BP) and the 4th Wilâya's council declared a ceasefire. The crisis of the summer of 1962 ended with hundreds of victims. The political stakes were significant. The setting up of the new Algerian state was closely tied to this historical event. The first leaders of independent Algeria were the winners of this political and military confrontation. As for the vanquished, they either retired from public life or built up political opposition to the new regime
Amiri, Linda. "La Fédération de France du Front de libération nationale (FLN), des origines à l'indépendance (1926-1962)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0007.
Full textThis thesis based on numerous previously unseen Algerian and French archives deals with the fight of the Algerian immigrants living in mainland France for the independence of their country from 1954 to 1962. The first part goes back to the establishment, the development and the methods of action of the various nationalist organisations that followed each other between 1926 and 1954, thus enabling us to gain a better understanding of the origins of the French Federation of the FLN. In the second part, this study means to historicise the French Federation of the FLN in order to understand its political and military strategy and therefore to analyse its links with the leading members of the FLN , its establishment, its organisational methods. It will analyse the conflict that opposed the French Federation to its rival the French Federation of the Algerian National Movement. In the third part will be question of the brutalisation of the Algerian immigrants by the French Federation of the FLN and by the French police forces
Carlier, Omar. "Socialisation politique et acculturation à la modernité : le cas du nationalisme algérien : de l'Etoile Nord -Africaine au Front de Libération nationale, 1926-1954." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0017.
Full textThis work brings together thirty-two texts in four volumes (II-V) in a thesis devoted to the social history of Algerian radical nationalism (ENA-PPA, 1926-1954). These texts are preceded by a volume summarizing the main issues and methodology, in particular the continual navigation between the construction of the object and the production of source material. The texts show how and under what conditions an unprecedented political idea, the nation (Watan) mobilized by a new political actor, the party (Hibz) can be simultaneously articulated and acquired, mobilized and incorporated by attributing a new social value, personified in the people (Cha'ab), to an old model of parity between brothers. The ensemble of texts combines monograph and biography, investigative research and conceptual essays. It multiplies the units and levels of analysis, proceeding from case to type, associating small and large dimensions, regional and local individual and serial. By systematically confronting written (archives, press) and oral (1200 interviews with 700 witnesses) sources, the work focusses as closely as possible on the local group and developes a comprehensive but critical relation of interaction between the observer and the observed in order to render the social construction of reality that much more intelligible
Jaulin, Emmanuel. "La gendarmerie dans la guerre d’Algérie, dépendance et autonomie au sein des forces armées." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040021.
Full textThis thesis aims to demonstrate that the relations between the French gendarmerie and army during the Algerian war has evolved according to the different phases of this conflict. As long as the political orientations were clearly in favor of Algerian integration to France, there were no major divergences within the two corps who successfully cooperated to crush the rebellion. But progressive General de Gaulle evolution toward Algerian independence from end of 1959 leads to such stress within the army and European population in Algeria that divergences arises and leads to misunderstandings and sometime real opposition
Korso, Malika el. "La Guerre d'Algérie à travers cinq journaux catholiques métropolitains 1954-1958." Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHESA009.
Full textLabayle, Éric. "De la Revanche à la Libération : l'École des Élèves-aspirants de Cherchell-Médiouna (1942-1945)." Montpellier 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON30022.
Full textFrom december 1942 to june 1945, the most prominent school for warrant officers in the french army operated in the small town of Cherchell (Algeria). Five classes - more than five thousand young men coming from all social and geographical horizons of the French Empire - recieved crash instruction, meant to turn them into warrant officers (officer cadets and first lieutenants) fit to be used in combat. These men played an essential role in the reconstruction of the french army after november 8th 1942. For twenty years, they fought on all the theatres of war, from Italy to Algeria, and they occupied the highest functions in the military hierarchy. Those who opted for a civilian carrer after 1945 also reached the highest positions in their chosen fields. Some became ministers, others ambassadors, others again recieved Nobel prizes. Despite the importance of its heritage, the École des élèves-aspirants has never been the object of a historical study, unlike institutions of lesser importance, such as the École des cadets de la France libre. It was therefore deemed proper to give a comprehensive picture of it (location, catchment area, staff, instruction and logistics. . . ) and to illustrate its specificity
Benabdallah, Saïd. "L'évolution de la justice en Algérie des origines à la fin du F. L. N. -Parti unique : l'impact sur la justice de l'Etat algérien contemporain." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0029.
Full textJustice servant? Justice reducing the gap? That's the subject of our analyses about origin justice at the end of the F. L. N. , unique party in Algeria. The F. L. N. Has used justice as a mean of struggle during the war of independance ; just after the independance, the F. L. N. , the only party disposing with all powers, has made justice in the service of the revolution all in operating in modern judicial structures and apparently "democratic"
Sambron, Diane. "La politique d’émancipation du Gouvernement français à l’égard des femmes musulmanes pendant la guerre d’Algérie." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040155.
Full textLa thèse traite de la politique d’émancipation du gouvernement français envers les femmes musulmanes en Algérie depuis le début du XXème siècle et au moment de la guerre d’Algérie. Cette politique est menée conjointement par les pouvoirs civils et militaires français. Ils mettent en place un ensemble d’actions pour améliorer le statut de la femme, dans le domaine juridique, de la citoyenneté, de l’éducation et de l’insertion professionnelle. L’accélération de cette politique se justifie dans le contexte de la guerre d’Algérie où les femmes deviennent un enjeu politique et militaire pour le FLN et la France. Il s’agit d’une part d’intégrer les musulmanes à la société française de couper le FLN de sa base active féminine et d’autre part, pour le FLN, de s’assurer le soutien de la population dans la lutte nationaliste et de conserver sa base active. Le gouvernement harmonise le statut personnel des femmes avec les lois civiles françaises. Il permet aux femmes d’accéder à la citoyenneté. Il développe la scolarisation des jeunes filles. De son côté, l’armée mène un programme d’action psychologique destiné aux femmes, afin d’obtenir leur adhésion à l’Algérie française. Cette politique de la France envers les femmes suscite l’opposition du FLN, contraint de définir à son tour sa conception de l’émancipation des femmes. Après la guerre, une partie des mesures adoptée par la France pour libéraliser le statut des femmes est maintenue, jusqu’à l’abrogation de l’ensemble de la législation française dans les années 70. Cette thèse est largement réalisée d’après les archives françaises
Aggoun, Nacera. "La résistance algérienne dans le chelif algérois : de 1945 à la guerre (1954-1962)." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081101.
Full textThis study is an history of the algerian nationalist movement (espacially communists and messalists) from the second world war to the algerian war (1954-1962). Political and social development under the french colonization of the eastern chelif explains the chelifian resistance. After the 1er november 1954, the military resistance begins in 1956 between the dahra and the ouarsenis mountains. The methods employed are geography, anthropology and oral history (short biographies dictionnary)
Roy, Bénédicte. "Histoire du "groupe d'Oujda" entre représentations et réalités de 1956 à 1999." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083276.
Full textThis topic is about a group which is called « Oujda Group » in 1967 by opposition. In this famous group, which is ruled by Houari Boumediène, there are five mains protagonists : Kaïd Ahmed, Cherif Belkacem, Ahmed Medeghri, Abdelaziz Bouteflika and Larbi Tayebi. This group is special because, one of these men, Abdelaziz Bouteflika, who is the actual President of Algeria, comes from “oujda group”. So, the problem is about the history of this group : is it real or is it fiction. What’s the “oujda group”?, what is his history during 1956 to 1999?
Madoui, Mohamed. "La crise d'octobre 1988 en Algérie : rupture et mutations." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010268.
Full textThe riots which broke out on october 5th 1988 in Algeries, and the following rising-up in other towns of the country showed a real political turning-point in the history of the free Algerian state, right after the failure of FLN state. Then Algeria entered into important reformations in both institutional and political fields. The adoption of a new constitution ratified by referendum on february 23rd 1989 hold the end of the single party and the birth of multipartism. On june 12th 1990, the first democratic vote took place: FIS won on a spectacular way in towns. One year after, it also won parliamentary elections and was therefore to assume power but military intervention stopped the democratic process and banned the fis party. Since that date, political violence has been spread out all over the country. How did Algeria come into such a situation ? Which are the political, economic and social prospects in a country moving between islamistic tentations and democratic willings ?
Sidi, Moussa Nedjib. "Devenirs messalistes (1925-2013) : Sociologie historique d'une aristocratie révolutionnaire." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010349.
Full textThis thesis proposes a sociology of the revolutionary commitment and, more strangely, the revolutionary trajectories in colonial situation and the colonial trajectories in revolutionary situation. Us objective is to understand how colonized Algerians become revolutionary, how they make the revolution and how they try to remain in it faithful to the independence of Algeria. By taking for object the leaders of the current of Messali Hadj members of revolutionary national council (CNR). In summer1954, we try to go too far chronological traditionally associated with the "Algerian War" ta study the making of revolutionary aristocracy attached to the partisan shape and ta his historic leader. Without reducing the becoming messalists in the rate of their symbolic leader, pioneer of the nationalism since the inter War period, we underline the situational character of the messalian charisma. This research invites ID consider all the work of the protagonists interested in the trajectory of the Algerian revolution (anticolonialists, strengths of repression, rival organizations) and to pay attention on the effects of structure in the analysis. For that purpose, institutional and private archives were consulted, as well as the militant press and magazines published on several decades. Interviews were realized with activists and their descendants in Algeria and in France
Nedjar, Dahmane. "Le maquis scripturaire : mémoires d'acteurs de la Guerre d'indépendance en Algérie : la wilaya-I Aurès - Nememcha." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080060.
Full textThis study focused on two areas of the province-I -Nememcha Aures, the zone-II which corresponds to the western massif of the Aures, main focus of the insurrection of November 1, 1954, in 1956-1959 became one of outbreaks of dissent challenging the Congress of Soummam and the -I area corresponding to the region of Batna, '' capital of the Aures. '' The context of the research and voluntarily reduced, became relevant by the diversity of texts adopted in the corpus subject to a comprehensive and critical reading: they are written by a Communist, a religious reformer, a student strike, three successive heads wilaya-I-Nememcha Aures, a former dissident, a leader of zawiya, former activists of PPA-MTLD having been close Messalists during the crisis of the party, and various other documents. Long familiarity with this region of the Aures and local historiography has enabled the author of that study, not to stop the anthropological explanations, and treat issues of sociology of history, in the registering in the field of history: it is the case of dissent, a subject that can not be exhausted by the mere fact of tribalism. It remains that the profusion of memories of actors in the war of independence emerged in the late 1980s, are late and comply official memory, controlled by dogmas, constituting incapacitating myths that discourage any historical perspective when he'is the domain of the Aures. The confrontation of this voluminous literature memorial but allows to build objects of history, once these debilitating myths identified and recognized as such
Le, Foll-Luciani Pierre-Jean. "Les juifs algériens anticolonialistes : étude biographique (entre-deux-guerres - 1965)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20023.
Full textThis dissertation, at the crossroads of the history of the Algerian Jews and the Algerian anticolonial movement, studies the trajectories of the minority of Algerian Jews who shared in the struggle against colonialism, during the period spanning the end of the First World War to their departure from an independent Algeria mostly at the end of the 1960s.The first part, coming before the actual biographical study, looks at the timeframe and reasons "the Jews" of colonial Algeria are considered to be a political entity by the administration and the political movements, and confronts this political discourse and these practices with the many political subjectivities that emerged among the Algerian Jewish population from 1930 to 1962.The second part introduces the actual biographical study and looks at the process of Algerian identification that the male and female study population is engaged in, men and women who grew up under a colonial world order definition and who developed a dissident attitude to that order, with the Vichy era appearing to be, in most cases, the clenching factor for this break. In this context, the Youth and Student Communist movements, from 1946 to 1954, are approached as hotbeds for a politically radical Algerianness and transgressive sociabilities in view of the colonial social order.Lastly, the third part focuses on the journeys of those militants during the Algerian War of independence and after, and highlights the conflict between the Algerian identities that emerged during the trials of the War for independence and the official version of a national identity the governing elite of the new State decided to impose in the first months followingindependence
Pan, Cong. "La guerre d'Algérie et les relations franco-chinoises." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN039.
Full textThe Algerian War (1954-1962) took place in a particular historical context of the bankruptcy of colonialism, the development of the Cold War and the emergence of the Third World. Despite the little intervention by the People’s Republic of China between 1954 and 1962, this war brought the conflicting history between East and West to a climax so that the Chinese government has always been very attentive to the development of the conflict. During the war, China received a large number of Algerian delegations, recognized the GPRA and established diplomatic relations. China’s policy towards Algeria was, on the one hand, to encourage it on the path of armed struggle which would be accompanied by the resolution of the problem through negotiations, on the other hand, to remind Algeria to prevent the United States from interfering in the internal affairs of the country. At the same time, China provided considerable aid to Algeria. The Chinese government used its support for Algeria to reaffirm its claim to embody a truly revolutionary ideology. More importantly, this support was an important element of China’s foreign policy during this period, reflecting the consciousness of China’s united front to counter the United States, the most important part of China’s diplomacy. Behind the Chinese government’s declarations, policies and actions in favor of the FLN, we also see that the Chinese government wanted to impose new bilateral relations on the French government.As the Algerian War continued from 1958 onwards, China and France undertook to make contact and to probe repeatedly on the issue of recognition and establishment of diplomatic relations. The Algerian War therefore had an impact on the development of Franco-Chinese relations. It was a major obstacle in the rapprochement between the French and Chinese governments, especially from 1958 until 1962
Chevignard, Denis. "Les corps auxiliaires recrutés dans l'arrondissement de Beaune en 1870." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL086.
Full textThe National guard was established in 1791 as a direct descendent of the former militias in the Kingdom of France. The National guard was first tasked with policing, and, during the regimes that followed, experienced various ups and downs before disbanding in 1852. In 1868, however, Napoléon III created the garde nationale mobile to address the impending threat from the Prussian victory in Sadowa in 1866. In 1868, the garde nationale mobile supplemented the regular Army, which had suffered defeat in Sedan and had been pinned down in Metz. Alongside the mobilized garde nationale and the franc-tireurs, the garde nationale mobile continued fighting the invasion forces in the years 1870-1871. The arrondissement of Beaune had to form four battalions and a half through levée en masse. These were mainly tasked with the defense of Paris and the repression of the Kabyle revolt. Just like the corps auxiliaires recruited in the other départements, these conscripted troops were thoroughly unprepared, although they did raise hopes and fought bravely. Despite failing to restore the status quo in France, they did ensure that destabilization was not exacerbated in Algeria. After the 1870 war, the veterans of these forces were at the heart of the society and contributed to forge the spirit of revenge
Ponçot, Bénédicte. "Besançon à l'heure de la décolonisation : le processus de la décolonisation vue d'une ville moyenne de province de 1945 aux années 1960." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL011/document.
Full textThis doctoral thesis aims at assessing the impact of the decolonisation process on the population of Besançon. The study of an urban community involves taking an interest in various historiographical fields (such as the political and cultural history of both colonisation and decolonisation, as well as the Cold War). From a people's history perspective, our purpose is to grasp how people experienced decolonisation (how they understood, felt, thought, acted). This research covers the period from 1945 up to the 1960s. A two-angled approach has been applied, including comparisons on local and national levels and a thorough investigation of Besançon's social environment in and of itself. The diversity of sources (official sources, organised groups, press articles, interviews) and their comparison have allowed us to draw several conclusions. The example of Besançon demonstrates that the decolonisation process affected French society, even in areas that could be considered peripheral. It was actually less the replica of the nation's reality following a Parisian leadership than the sharing of a series of collective experiences on a nation-wide scale. These shared experiences may allow for variations, undoubtedly not restricted to the area of Besançon, which do indeed reflect local characteristics: the strength of social Catholicism, left-wing Catholics joining forces with Communists, the radical choices of key protagonists (e.g. the Rapiné trial). Finally, the Algerian War so dramatically influenced Besançon's experience of decolonisation that it created a singular history, different from the national narrative on some specific points
Gobin, Charlotte. "Genre et engagement : devenir "porteur-e de valises" en guerre d'Algérie (1954-1966)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2003/document.
Full textAt the crossroads of three historical fields (gender studies, history of collective actions and history of the Algerian war of Independence), this PhD thesis questions the way men and women, whether French or European, have been urged to position themselves against the French politics in Algeria and then to join the clandestine support to the National front of Liberation (FLN), becoming “porteur∙e∙s de valises”.The prosopographical approach adopted allows to retrace the many processes that led some men and women to clandestinely give support to the Algerian nationalists, while highlighting the diversity of the socialisation processes, the matrix of commitment and of entering in militant activities. Such an approach also allows to re-examine the forms and modalities of the clandestine support to the FLN, and thus, to underline their variety, which has often been undermined by the generic term “porteur∙e∙s de valises”. This prosopographical approach finally questions the consequences of this clandestine support, be them biographical or militant.Questioning the gender of such a commitment, in support to the clandestine FLN and in the very context of the Algerian war allows to both enrich and qualify the traditional analysis of this kind of support. This research reveals the social and historical construction of femininity and masculinity, from which comes out a hierarchised and gendered bi-categorisation that conditions, structures or influences the process on entering into militantism, but also the ways of militancy and, finally, the analysis of collective actions
Suleiman, Lourdes. "Le rôle du droit international dans l'émergence d'un Etat palestinien. Difficultés et limites." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30041.
Full textThe international community and the international law are facing a great challenge: find the solution to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The study of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in light of international law shows many difficulties related to the emergence of a Palestinian state. Indeed, this conflict is a source of violation of international law specifically a violation of human rights that continues to strike in this area. Violations against international law go back to the time of the British mandate and are finally characterized by the impunity towards the entities that have committed them. Therefore, this allows us to highlight the weaknesses of international law, more specifically those of the United Nations that is confronted with the constant breach of its principles and decisions. We have tried to overcome this infernal situation by using the techniques offered by the international law that aims to put an end to a conflict. There is a technique that seems to be the most appropriate for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict known as the negotiation. However, the peace process that began in 1990 is now almost forgotten.Despite all this, the creation of a Palestinian state is the base to the solution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This present study aims to demonstrate, based on the definition of the State under international law, that Palestine has, on one hand, confirmed elements/components that are imperfect, allowing the latter to constitute a State under international law, and on the other, that it can’t achieve statehood to the extent that certain elements necessary for statehood remain questionable. What Palestine is missing is effectiveness