Academic literature on the topic 'Armenian massacres'
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Journal articles on the topic "Armenian massacres"
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Mayersen, Deborah. "Armenian Resistance to the Hamidian Massacres." Genocide Studies and Prevention 16, no. 2 (October 2022): 68–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1812.
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Between 1894 and 1896, the Hamidian massacres claimed the lives of more than 100,000 Armenians in Ottoman Turkey. This article presents an exploratory analysis of Armenian resistance to the massacres. It examines the context and contours of resistance, including the strategies employed, scope and organization of resistance efforts. Evidence indicates that resistance was widespread, and Armenians adopted a diverse range of strategies in attempting self-protection. The relative powerlessness of the Armenian minority, however, meant that most attempts at resistance were overwhelmed. Additionally, resisters were often targeted for especially violent retribution. The lack of success of resistance efforts can also be partially explained by the role of the Ottoman government in the massacres.
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Tatoyan, Robert. "British Diplomat and Spy Major Noel’s Report on the Extermination of Armenians and Assyrians in Diarbekir Province during the Armenian Genocide." Ցեղասպանագիտական հանդես 10, no. 1 (May 20, 2022): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51442/jgs.0028.
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This publication presents the report by Major Edward William Noel, British diplomat and spy, regarding the extermination of Armenians and Assyrians in Diarbekır province during the Armenian Genocide. The document, entitled “Christian Massacres of 1915 in Diarbekir Vilayat,” has been compiled in April, 1919 in the city of Mardin, where the author was on a fact-finding mission, so most of the massacre cases presented there refer to the mentioned locality. Attached to Noel’s report, as an appendix, we present the letter of Arthur Calthorpe, British High Commissioner in Constantinople, to British Foreign Minister Lord George Curzon, dated July 2, 1919, in which he transmits Major Noel’s estimate of populations of Diarbekir vilayet before and after the First World War. Major Noel has been characterized by researchers as “an expert on Kurdistan and the Kurds”, and as “the main British agent in Kurdistan, both in Anatolia and in Iraq, from 1919 to 1922,” so these documents published in Armenian translation, as well as other papers related to his mission in 1919 are very remarkable from the point of view of studying the demography of the southern regions of Western Armenia, the course of the Armenian Genocide, as well as of the history of ArmenianKurdish, Armenian-Turkish, Turkish-Kurdish relationships after the First World War.
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Kazaryan, Gevorg. "The Hay Horoms in the Whirlpool of the Massacres of Christians in the Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries." Ցեղասպանագիտական հանդես 9, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51442/jgs.0019.
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The Orthodox Armenians or so-called Hay Horoms (Armenian Romans) in the late 19th – early 20th centuries were compactly settled in Western Armenia, namely in the villages of Vank, Dzorak, Shrzu and Musheghka in Akn district, in the villages of Mamsa, Sedrka and Khenderkik in Chemishkatsag district, as well as in the village of Hoghus in Kamakh region. Apart from this, the migrants from Akn and Hoghus resided in the villages of Ortakyöy, Khudi and in other places of Izmit province (historical Bithynia). During the Hamidian massacres in 1895-1896 the Orthodox Armenians did not suffer great loss. However, after these events, the process of Hellenization started to strengthen among the Hay Horoms, so that in the early 20th century they were no longer considered as Orthodox Armenians, but Armenian-speaking Greeks. For this reason they avoided the horrors of the Armenian Genocide except the Hoghus village whose habitants left their homeland to avoid being deported. Later the survived villagers immigrated to Greece. In the summer of 1920 the Hay Horoms of the Izmit province, approximately 10,000 people, were perished and their villages were destroyed. As regards the few Orthodox Armenians of Akn and Chemishkatsag regions, according to the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) they emigrated from Turkey to Greece with the Greek population of Asia Minor.
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Minassian, Mihran. "The Indictment Documents օn the Armenian Genocide Written in Aleppo and the Sassoun Document (1919)." Ցեղասպանագիտական հանդես 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2022): 93–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.51442/jgs.0023.
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The article is divided into two parts. The first part covers the development of indictment documents by patriotic unions or fractions of Aleppo in order to submit them to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, each of which was a summary of the history of the Armenian massacres of a specific region. The overall list of the covered material and the content of each document are also outlined. It is interesting that the documents dedicate large sections for listing the names of the Turkish perpetrators of each region and the material losses suffered by the Armenians. The second part of the article includes the indictment document of Sassoun district, which contains general geographical information and important details about the social life of the Armenians of Sassoun, i.e. meetings of principals and elders, Armenian-Kurdish relations, the situation of the Armenians of Sassoun in 1894-1896 and 1914-1916, and a brief list of the perpetrators of the massacres. The second part of the document covers the village lists and censuses of the six sub-districts of Sassoun - Dalvorig, Pusank, Hatni-Maratug, Gusked, Pernashen-Khut and Khiank, where 203 villages are mentioned with the numbers of their Armenian population and other details.
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Parsamyan, Seda. "Mass Destruction of Armenian Cultural Heritage during the Hamidian Massacres (1894-1896)." International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51442/ijags.0043.
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The policy of destruction of the Armenian cultural heritage in the Ottoman Empire began with the conquest of Western Armenia and has continued until the present day. Over the centuries, Armenian culture, as part of the Empire’s Christian culture, has either been destroyed spontaneously, in vast swathes or undergone various manifestations of neutralisationby various Turkish regimes. The first part of this article will outline the approaches made by Genocide study theorists concerning the origin and definition of the term “cultural genocide” existing until today, including the attempts at revising or even re-naming it. The second part outlines the chronology of Armenian cultural heritage destruction. A detailed description of the policy of demolition of the Armenian cultural heritage during Hamidian massacres as a manifestation of vandalism or cultural genocide will also be presented.
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Adak, Hülya. "Teaching the Armenian Genocide in Turkey: Curriculum, Methods, and Sources." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, no. 5 (October 2016): 1515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.5.1515.
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Since 2001, I Have Been Teaching Courses in Cultural Studies, European and Turkish Literature, Modern Drama, and Gender and sexuality studies at Sabancı University in Istanbul. During my fifteen years of teaching undergraduate and graduate students, the Armenian genocide was a particularly challenging theme to bring into the classroom. Even at Sabancı University, one of the rare liberal universities in Turkey to offer courses that challenge Turkish national myths, most students, including those who graduated from “liberal” high schools, had received a nationalist education and came to college either not knowing anything about the Armenian genocide or denying it altogether. Denial of the Armenian genocide is still pervasive in Turkey; 1915 is identified in history textbooks as the year of the Battle of Gallipoli, the most important Ottoman victory against the British and French naval forces during World War I. For most of the twentieth century and up until 2005, when the seminal Ottoman Armenians Conference opened a public discussion of the topic, silence regarding the deportation and genocide of the Ottoman Armenians prevailed. If denialist myths in Turkey acknowledge the deaths of the Ottoman Armenians, they justify such deaths as “retaliation” for the deaths of Turkish Muslims during the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913 or equate the massacres of Armenians with Turkish casualties of war from the same period. For instance, Talat Paşa, the mastermind behind the deportations and massacres of roughly one million Armenians in 1915-16, argues in his memoirs that an equal number of Turks were killed by Armenians during World War I and in its aftermath (51-56).
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Bakhchinyan, Artsvi. "An Excerpt from Kud Mkhitarian’s Unpublished Memoires “Episodes from Armenian Golgotha”." Ցեղասպանագիտական հանդես 10, no. 1 (May 20, 2022): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.51442/jgs.0030.
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The publication presents an excerpt from the unpublished memoirs, “Episodes from the Armenian Golgotha. 1912–1937” by Kud Mkhitarian - the chapter “Catholicos Sahak again in Aleppo.” Kud Mkhitaryan (1877-1940) in 1903–1919 worked at the Armenian Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia as the secretary of the Catolicos Sahak II Khabayan. In his memoires, in particular, he presented Catolicos’s activities on the background of political events in the Ottoman Empire. The presented excerpt presents Catholicos Sahak’s trip to Aleppo in May-July 1915, quotes from his correspondence with various figures, in which he testifies to the deportation and massacres of the Armenian population. Mention is made of the names of the Armenian creative intelligentsia – victims of the Genocide, as well as evidences of attempts to forcibly Islamize Armenians.
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NECİYEV, Elçin. "The Occupation of Muş in the Context of Russia's Eastern Anatolia Policy." JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND FUTURE 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 935–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21551/jhf.1173970.
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The tension between Russia and the Ottoman State has been going on for a long time. At the time of this tension, both states had also set various strategies against each other, military and politically. The basis of the strategy was to weaken the other side economically, military and strategically. As a matter of fact, XIX. By the 20th century, Russia had engaged its political side, mobilized ethnic structures that would cause unrest within the Ottoman State, so it wanted to break the power of the Ottoman State. He tried to lure the political and war-path regions into the region where they would have acquired the ethnic structures by recognizing some concessions, and began attempts to weaken the Ottoman with the rioting of these ethnic structures. Russia has implemented this policy in the Eastern Anatolian region, and is politically motivated to achieve its precedent. As a matter of fact, these initiatives have come to an end, I. After the beginning of World War II, Armenians who have lived in peace with Ottoman subjects for centuries have moved to Russia's side, and have started to slaughter against the Muslim people in the Ottoman lands. One of the scariest of these massacres was in Mus. With the beginning of the war, the geographical proximity was also given by the Russians, who provoked the Armenians here against the Muslim people, and used them to commit a massacre. With Russia's support, Armenians have brokered religious schools to awaken national feelings and bring Armenian subjects to face Muslim people. So, the Armenians, who were strengthened by these support, increased the dosage of pressure on Mus and the surrounding locals, tried to overwhelm the Muslim people through the massacres and make massacres.
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Deringil, Selim. "“The Armenian Question Is Finally Closed”: Mass Conversions of Armenians in Anatolia during the Hamidian Massacres of 1895–1897." Comparative Studies in Society and History 51, no. 2 (March 20, 2009): 344–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417509000152.
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Few issues in late-nineteenth-century Armenian/Turkish history straddle so many of the “questions” of the period as does the mass conversion of Armenians in the 1890s. The topic is enmeshed in the much-contested “Armenian Question,” the birth of Armenian nationalism, the so-called “Eastern Question,” and the rise of Turkish nationalism. This article will deal with these conversions by situating them within the larger context of the “Armenian Question” generally. Although important research has been done on the mass conversions during the genocide of 1915, surprisingly little has focused on the massacres of 1894–1897. Even more surprising is the lack of research to date into the issue of mass conversions during the latter period, and nothing has been written based on Ottoman archives. My aim here is to make a contribution towards filling this lacuna.
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Özbek, Nadır. "The Politics of Taxation and the “Armenian Question” during the Late Ottoman Empire, 1876–1908." Comparative Studies in Society and History 54, no. 4 (September 20, 2012): 770–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417512000412.
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AbstractThis article explores the social and political context of the Ottoman Armenian massacres during the reign of Sultan Abdülhamid II focusing on the empire's tax regime. Although important research has been done on the massacres of 1894–1897, little has been written on the role the tax regime and collection practices played in preparing the context for increased state and communal violence in the “six provinces” (vilayat-ı sitte)—Erzurum, Van, Bitlis, Mamretülaziz, Sivas, and Diyarbekir—where the great majority of Ottoman Armenians lived. Political and social historians have paid little attention to the Ottoman state's administrative practices in Eastern Anatolia, particularly its tax collection practices, as part of the larger context of the “Armenian Question.” Perhaps Ottoman economic and financial historians have been reluctant to consider tax collection as politics. In any case, key linkages between the tax regime and the social and political catastrophe it helped to create have been missed. In this paper I establish a bridge between social and political history and fiscal history. I analyze tax collection as everyday politics to offer a new window into the political disturbances in the empire's six provinces populated mostly by Armenians and Kurds. The study of the Ottoman tax system as an instance of state administrative practices at the quotidian level, rather than as merely a legal and institutional apparatus, illuminates the complicated realities of the late Ottoman state and society, and the “Armenian Question.”
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Armenian massacres"
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Kateb, Vahe Georges. "Australian press coverage of the Armenian genocide, 1915-1923." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/215/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wollongong, 2003.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Aug. 13, 2005). Ill., maps, and facsims. in print version are lacking in electronic version. Includes bibliographical references.
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Harris, Jason. "Stumbling blocks geopolitics, the Armenian genocide, and the American Jewish community /." Waltham, Mass. : Brandeis University, 2008. http://dcoll.brandeis.edu/handle/10192/22928.
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Demercian, Roseli Conceição de Moraes Rojas. "Processos comunicacionais em curadoria e produção do conhecimento: a trajetória de criação do projeto Genocídio Armênio nos domínios da arte contemporânea e da memória." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20712.
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Art in postmodernity does not survive by itself, without generating influxes in the social environment. It must make explicit the worldviews that structure reality, developing a multifaceted activity. As the art system expands throughout the world, so does the demand for curators who see a remarkable strengthening of their role. Thus, we discuss in the present thesis what should be expected of the art curator to develop criteria in the construction of an exhibition, with a new narrative communicational, raising the following hypotheses: what is the practical dimension of curatorial action and its characteristics current? Is it the art curator's job to educate the target audience? The general objective, therefore, is the study of how the curator's action should be, based on a legitimizing knowledge of contemporaneity; and its specific objective is the development of general criteria and models for this practical action, indent to utopias, in a method embodied in the space / time / occupation triad. The curator is an actor whose functions, methodology and activity have not yet been sufficiently explored in scientific research, which in practice have been diffused, marked by a strong empiricism that does nothing to develop curative theories. He must propose, through mediation, not only the orientation of the artist, but also the education of the gaze, thus revealing an effective interpretation of the world. The curatorship that served as a basis for this thesis was structured in four ethnographic concepts, namely: genocide of the Armenian people, memory, lectures and affective cartography. They were theorists: HANS ULBRICH OBRIST, who motivated the investigation of the materialization of the exhibition space, starting from conversations, meetings and exchanges, with the reinvention of a new meeting point with art, establishing relational and communicational criteria; JOHN DEWEY, whose concepts propitiated a new vision of research resulting from the junction between the new and the old, through the experience of the real, in which the impulsion gains form and solidity; and LÚCIA LEÃO, whose teachings raised the need to understand the process of creative construction of experience, resulting from a mapping of the global and panoramic view of the terrain on which the labyrinth would be projected. As a historical fact, the genocide of the Armenian people, recalled in its 100 years, the methodology used was eminently empirical based on reports, interviews and recordings, collecting files, documents of affection and memories. In order to achieve its purpose, it had, necessarily, an interdisciplinary character, involving, therefore, different areas of knowledge. The field survey lasted for approximately twelve months and its execution lasted for the same period. It is believed that the relevance of this research rests on its provocative character of affections because it revisits the memory and, at the same time, invites the dialogue. This aetiological construction requires study and repertoire acquisition, so that, based on these hypotheses, a great number of aesthetic, historical, political and social relations can be established. It has been demonstrated in this way that the final destination of the archive lies not in its own narrative but in the history that it makes possible
A arte na pós-modernidade não sobrevive por ela mesma, sem gerar influxos no meio social. Ela deve explicitar as visões de mundo que estruturam a realidade, desenvolvendo para tanto uma atividade multifacetada. Na medida em que o sistema das artes se expande pelo mundo, cresce também a demanda por curadores, que veem um notável fortalecimento do seu papel. Dessa forma, discute-se na presente tese o que se deve esperar do curador de arte para o desenvolvimento de critérios na construção de uma exposição, com uma nova narrativa comunicacional, suscitando as seguintes hipóteses: qual a dimensão prática da ação curatorial e suas características atuais? É tarefa do curador de arte a educação do público-alvo? O objetivo geral, portanto, é o estudo de como deve ser a atuação do curador, pautado num saber legitimador da contemporaneidade; e seu objetivo específico é o desenvolvimento de critérios e modelos gerais para essa atuação prática, indene a utopias, num método plasmado na tríade espaço/tempo/ocupação. O curador é um ator cujas funções, metodologia e atividade ainda não foram suficientemente exploradas nas pesquisas científicas, que, na prática, têm se mostrado difusas, marcadas por um forte empirismo que nada coopera para o desenvolvimento de teorias curatorias. Ele deve propor, pela mediação, não só a orientação do artista, como também a educação do olhar, descortinando, dessa forma, uma efetiva interpretação de mundo. A curadoria que serviu de base para a presente tese foi estruturada em quatro conceitos etnográficos, quais sejam: genocídio do povo armênio, memória, palestras e cartografia afetiva. Serviram-lhe de teóricos: HANS ULBRICH OBRIST, que motivou a investigação sobre a materialização do espaço expositivo, partindo de conversas, encontros e trocas reunidas, com a reinvenção de um novo ponto de encontro com a arte, estabelecendo critérios relacionais e comunicacionais; JOHN DEWEY, cujos conceitos propiciaram uma nova visão de pesquisa decorrente da junção entre o novo e o velho, por meio da experiência do real, em que a impulsão ganha forma e solidez; e LÚCIA LEÃO, cujos ensinamentos suscitaram a necessidade de se compreender o processo de construção criativa da experiência, resultante de um mapeamento do olhar global e panorâmico do terreno no qual o labirinto seria projetado. Como se abordou um fato histórico, o genocídio do povo armênio, rememorado nos seus 100 anos, a metodologia utilizada foi eminentemente empírica baseada em relatos, entrevistas e gravações, colhendo-se arquivos, documentos de afeto e memórias. Para a consecução da sua finalidade, teve, necessariamente, caráter interdisciplinar, envolvendo, portanto, diferentes áreas do conhecimento. A pesquisa de campo se prolongou por, aproximadamente, doze meses e a sua execução se estendeu por igual período. Acredita-se que a relevância desta pesquisa repousa no seu caráter provocador de afetos pois revisita a memória e, ao mesmo tempo, convida ao diálogo. Essa construção etiológica requer estudo e aquisição de repertório, para que, com base nessas hipóteses, se possa estabelecer um grande número de relações estéticas, históricas, políticas e sociais. Demonstrou-se, dessa maneira, que o destino final do arquivo está situado, não em sua própria narrativa, mas sim na história que ele torna possível
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Dakessian, Rodney. "Les effets juridiques des massacres commis contre les Armeniens en 1915 et leurs modes de resolutions judiciaires et extrajudiciaires possibles." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30096/document.
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Ma thèse vise en premier ressort à étudier toutes les questions juridiques concernant la ‘question arménienne’.D’abord, le sujet de l’existence des éléments du crime de génocide en 1915 au niveau du droit international conventionnel a été notre première question à étudier. Ensuite, il était indispensable d’étudier la nature du crime commis envers les Arméniens ottomans en 1915.En plus, est-ce que l’Etat Turc actuel peut-il être responsable d’un crime commis par l’Empire ottoman, selon le principe de la succession d’Etats en droit international, surtout que l’Etat Turc n’était créé qu’en 1923 ? Et en cas de l’existence de cette responsabilité, est-ce que l’Arménie a droit à l’action en responsabilité, surtout qu’au moment de la perpétration du crime, il n’y avait pas un Etat Arménien ? Les victimes étaient des ressortissants de l’Empire ottoman mais d’origine arménienne. Donc il faudra étudier la qualité de l’Arménie pour agir en justice, par des moyens judiciaires ou extrajudiciaires, vis-à-vis surtout du principe de la non-rétroactivité des traités, surtout que dans notre cas, le crime a été perpétré en 1915, alors que la Convention sur le génocide n’a été promulguée qu’en 1948.En fait, notre thèse vise en dernier ressort à rapprocher les deux pays et mettre fin réellement au conflit entre eux, à percevoir ce qui les rassemblent et non ce qui les divisent, et trouver une solution équitable et objective pour les deux pays afin de contribuer à mettre fin à leur litige historique, et cela à travers une étude réaliste, impartiale et basée sur la logique et la nature des choses et des circonstances du fait existantesThe main purpose of my thesis is to study all the legal issues concerning the 'Armenian question'.First, the existence of the elements of the crime of genocide in 1915 at the conventional international law, made our first question to consider. Then, it was necessary to study the nature of the crime committed against the Ottoman Armenians in 1915.In addition, can Turkey be responsible for a crime committed by the Ottoman Empire, according to the principle of succession of States in international law, especially that the Turkish state was created in 1923?And in case of such responsibility, has Armenia the right to maintain a lawsuit against Turkey, especially at the time of the crime, there was no Armenian state?The victims were citizens of the Ottoman Empire but of Armenian descent.Also, the quality of Armenia to take legal action, by judicial or extrajudicial processes, must be studied, regarding especially to the principle of non-retroactivity of treaties, especially that in our case, the crime was committed in 1915, while the Genocide Convention was enacted in 1948.In fact, our thesis aims ultimately to bring the two countries closer and actually try to help reach the end of the conflict between them, perceive what gather them and not what divides them, and find a fair and objective solution for both countries, in order to help put an end to their historic dispute, and that through a realistic and impartial study, based on logic and the nature of things and the circumstances of the existing
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Avakian, Alexandre. "La presse française et la question arménienne (1894-1914) : des massacres hamidiens (1894-1896) à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010580.
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Cette thèse se propose d'analyser les événements internes à l'Empire ottoman envers les Arméniens de 1894 jusqu'en 1914 aux yeux de l'opinion publique française à travers les sources journalistiques françaises. De 1894, début des massacres des Arméniens jusqu'à la prise de pouvoir des Jeunes-Turcs (1908), comment les années d'Abdul-Hamid II envers la population arménienne furent-ils perçus et quelle fut la vision du gouvernement unioniste (1908-1914) face aux Arméniens ? Voilà un aperçu des principales problématiques qui sera abordé à travers notre étudeThis thesis aims to analyze the internal events in the Ottoman Empire against Armenians from 1894 until 1914 in the eyes of the French public through the French journalists' sources. 1894 start of the massacres of Armenians to the takeover of the Young Turks (1908), how the years of Abdul Hamid II to the Armenian population were they received and what was the vision of the Union government (1908 -1914) against the Armenians? This is an overview of the main issues that will be addressed through the study
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Ogun, Nukte. "The presentation of political actors on the stage of human life : framing complex Australian decisions about Ottoman-Armenian deaths." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:52108.
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The debate about whether to label the mass killing of Ottoman-Armenians in the early twentieth century as “genocide” has emerged in geographically distant Australian parliamentary discussions and decisions. The struggle to use and refuse such terms is deeply felt by the Australian-Armenian and Australian-Turkish ethnic-migrant communities, for each of which the reframing is a question of cultural identity and a source of tension. This thesis explores how and why contentious international debates on the histories affecting the Armenians and Turks make their way into Australian State Parliaments, and how the debates and political decisions impact and play out on the lives of the two communities so far removed from the realities of the past. The thesis considers the impacts of these on Australia’s ‘normative’ concepts of multiculturalism. This thesis also provides an overview of the historical background to the mass killing of Ottoman-Armenians in the early twentieth century, and highlights the areas of contention and scholarly disagreement. The purpose of this thesis is not to determine a label for the mass killing of Ottoman-Armenians. The roles of political actors, lobby groups, and the Australian media (both ethnic and mainstream) in framing debates, setting agendas and labels, and promoting activism are considered. Key media and political narratives are examined, to understand the ramifications of the New South Wales and South Australian Parliamentary decisions to recognise the mass killing of Ottoman-Armenians between 1915-1916 as an act of “genocide”. This thesis captures how culture, religious background, education and historical experiences impact unity and distances within and between the two diasporic communities, and presents an understanding of the decreased sense of belonging experienced by members of the Australian-Armenian and Australian-Turkish communities through qualitative and quantitative research findings. This thesis also examines the challenges facing Australia, a geographically distant nation in relation to ongoing struggles between the Armenians and Turks, and argues that the country is no longer “immune” to international warfare affecting ethnic-migrant communities living in Australia. It argues that multiculturalism cannot truly be embraced until the frames and labels, which oversimplify complex discourses and conflicted narratives, are understood.
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Kouyoumdjian, Mary. "Creating with Ghosts: Identity and Artistic Purpose in Armenian Diaspora." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-4fqv-ch76.
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The creative submission for my dissertation includes two of my documentary works: They Will Take My Island, a thirty-minute multimedia collaboration with filmmaker Atom Egoyan for amplified string octet, electronic track, and film, commissioned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art; and Paper Pianos, a ninety-minute staged collaboration with director Nigel Maister and projection artist Kevork Mourad. The written submission for my dissertation is an examination of the ways in which experiences around transgenerational trauma inform and manifest in my creative practice. I offer a summary of my own family history of survivors of the Armenian Genocide and Lebanese Civil War, as well as a survey of displacement amongst the Armenian community in the past century. Furthermore, I discuss identity processing as diaspora and the act of cultural preservation, as inspired by genocide survivor, composer, priest, writer, and musicologist, Komitas Vardapet. I later examine these ideas in the context of creating They Will Take My Island and Paper Pianos, both of which were constructively motivated by transgenerational survivor’s guilt and draw from extra-musical documentary and horror genre practices.
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Schneider, Caroline. "Forcible child transfer - historical analysis and human experience of a global phenomenon - case studies from the 20th and 21st centuries." Thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1462628.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)This thesis aims to shed light on the global phenomenon of forcible child transfer. For many centuries children around the world have been forcibly separated from their families and communities by transferral from one group to another within the state. This practice is still happening today and potentially amounts to the crime of genocide (UN Genocide Convention, Article 2(e)). The forcibly transferred children are confronted with physical, mental, and sexual violence; their identity is forcibly changed; and their rights are taken away. The impact of the practice is grave. The children are confronted with short-term and long-term consequences such as potentially lifelong trauma and a lack of of belonging. Adopting a comparative approach, this thesis focuses on the Middle Eastern region in the 20th and 21st centuries. It will look at the Armenian Genocide, the Dersim Massacre, and the Yazidi Genocide. To cover the global dimension of the practice it will further explore the cases of the ‘Stolen Generations’ in Australia, ‘Los Niños de los Desaparecidos’ in Argentina, and ‘Die Kinder der Landstrasse’ in Switzerland. By analysing these different historical case studies of forcible child transfer, this thesis will argue that there is a pattern within the practice and that it is a practice that can potentially occur anywhere in the world, independently of context, geography, and time, provided certain features are present. This thesis will connect historical analysis of the practice of forcible child transfer with the children’s experiences of forced separation. At the centre of the thesis are the stories of the forcibly abducted children.
Books on the topic "Armenian massacres"
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Ternon, Yves. The Armenians: History of a genocide. 2nd ed. Delmar, N.Y: Caravan Books, 1990.
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Mutafian, Claude. Un aperçu sur le génocide des Arméniens. Paris: Comité pour la Commémoration du 24 Avril 1914, 1995.
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Gust, Wolfgang. Der Völkermord an den Armeniern: Die Trgödie des ältesten Christenvolkes der Welt. München: Carl Hanser, 1993.
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Eghiayean, Biwzand. Atanayi hayotsʻ patmutʻiwn. Antʻilias: Metsi Tann Kilikioy Katʻoghikosutiwn, 2012.
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Pʻapʻazyan, Avetis. Zhamanakagrutʻyun, Haykakan hartsʻě ev Mets egheṛně, 1876-2000 tʻtʻ. Erevan: Hayastani Hanrapetutʻyan Gitutʻyunneri Azgayin Akademia, Arevelagitutʻyan Institut, 2000.
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Gérard, Dédéyan, Mouradian Claire, and Ternon Yves, eds. 1895: Massacres d'Arméniens. Toulouse: Privat, 2010.
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Gasparyan, Ṛ. H. Haykakan kotoratsnerě Kilikiayum, XIX dari 90-akan tʻtʻ.-1921 tʻ. Erevan: HH GAA "Gitutʻyun" hratarakchʻutʻyun, 2005.
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Oganisi͡an, Sen. Nakhijevan tsʻeghaspanutʻyun. Erevan: Nahapet Hratarakchʻutʻyun, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Armenian massacres"
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Adanir, Fikret. "Armenian deportations and massacres in 1915." In Ethnopolitical warfare: Causes, consequences, and possible solutions., 71–81. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10396-005.
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Lattanzi, Flavia. "The Armenian Massacres as the Murder of a Nation?" In Studies in the History of Law and Justice, 27–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78169-3_3.
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Mouradian, Khatchig. "Categories and Their Interstices: The Armenian Genocide Beyond Resistance and Accommodation." In Documenting the Armenian Genocide, 145–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36753-3_8.
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AbstractDuring the Armenian Genocide, some deportees were afforded the opportunity to avoid subsequent waves of deportation and massacres by working for the Ottoman Turkish military (or civilian) authorities, who needed their skills and were willing to “pay” for it by sparing their lives. Having secured a job in the military’s hospitals and workshops thanks to their training, connections, and often bribes, these deportees often paid it forward, providing compatriots with food and medication, offering hideouts, facilitating their escape from concentration camps, and sometimes managing to procure jobs for them in the military. This chapter proposes referring to these actors as interstitials—those operating in the interstices of collaboration and resistance. The study of these actors offers insight into an underexplored phenomenon in Armenian genocide studies, long dominated by cookie-cutter categories. Serving the Ottoman war effort and assisting those whom the state targeted for annihilation, interstitials invite us to think about mass atrocity not only through less stringent categories—a recent trend in the scholarship—but outside of them. In this approach, we entertain the possibility that members of the targeted group can, at the same time, work to save their own skin and help other victims, collaborate with perpetrators and resist their genocidal policies.
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Cipolletti, Chiara. "On the Applicability of the Genocide Convention to the Armenian Massacres." In Studies in the History of Law and Justice, 105–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78169-3_4.
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Latino, Agostina. "The Armenian Massacres and the Price of Memory: Impossible to Forget, Forbidden to Remember." In Studies in the History of Law and Justice, 195–236. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78169-3_9.
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Leotta, Carmelo Domenico. "Criminalizing the Denial of 1915–1916 Armenian Massacres and the European Court of Human Rights: Perinçek v Switzerland." In Studies in the History of Law and Justice, 251–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78169-3_11.
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Gianelli, Alessandra. "Is Customary Law on the Prohibition to States to Commit Acts of Genocide Applicable to the Armenian Massacres?" In Studies in the History of Law and Justice, 125–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78169-3_5.
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Chabot, Joceline, Richard Godin, and Sylvia Kasparian. "Extreme Violence and Massacres during the First World War: A Comparative Study of the Armenian Genocide and German Atrocities in the Canadian Press (1914–1919)." In Mass Media and the Genocide of the Armenians, 180–205. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-56402-3_9.
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Morris, Benny, and Dror Ze’evi. "The Genocide of the Christians, Turkey 1894–1924." In Documenting the Armenian Genocide, 251–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36753-3_13.
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AbstractWe set out in 2010 to look afresh at the massacre of Turkey’s Armenians in 1915. While most of the world’s historians accepted the narrative that the Ottoman Turkish government had carried out a deliberate, pre-planned, systematic “genocide,” there were some—especially in Turkey—who disputed this. So, having no real knowledge or opinion either way, we decided to take a look at the vast, accessible documentation, in Turkey, the United States and Western Europe, and make up our own minds.What we discovered was that the story was much deeper and wider. The campaign of mass murder and ethnic cleansing was carried out, in staggered fashion, over a thirty-year period, between 1894 and 1924. It encompassed not only Turkey’s Armenians but also all the other Christian communities in the country, primarily the Greeks, but also the various Assyrian sects. The process of ethnic-religious cleansing was characterized by rounds of deliberate large-scale massacre, alongside systematic expulsions, forced conversions, and cultural annihilation that together amounted to genocide. At the beginning of this period, Christians had constituted about 20 percent of the population of Asia Minor; by 1924 the proportion of Christians in Turkey had fallen to 2 percent.The destruction of the Christian communities was the result of the deliberate policy of three successive Ottoman and Turkish governments –Abdülhamid II in 1894–1896, the CUP (the Young Turks) from 1914–1918, and the Nationalist regime under Ataturk during 1919–1924 –a policy that most of the country’s Muslim inhabitants did not oppose, and many enthusiastically supported. The murders, expulsions, and forced conversions were ordered by government officials and carried out by other officials, soldiers, gendarmes, policemen and, often, tribesmen and the civilian inhabitants of towns and villages. All of this occurred with the active participation of Muslim clerics and the encouragement of the Turkish-language press. This, we believe, is the inescapable conclusion to be drawn from the massive documentation we consulted, some of it seen and used for the first time.
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Hofmann, Tessa. "From Silence to Re-remembrance: The Response of German Media to Massacres and Genocide against the Ottoman Armenians." In Mass Media and the Genocide of the Armenians, 85–109. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-56402-3_5.
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