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Journal articles on the topic 'Arms and armor'
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Nickel, Helmut, and Stuart W. Pyhrr. "Arms and Armor." Recent Acquisitions, no. 1987/1988 (1987): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1513723.
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LaRocca, Donald J. "Arms and Armor." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 59, no. 1 (2001): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3269171.
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Pyhrr, Stuart W., and Donald J. LaRocca. "Arms and Armor." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 49, no. 2 (1991): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3258930.
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Pyhrr, Stuart W., and Leonid Tarassuk. "Arms and Armor." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 48, no. 2 (1990): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3258950.
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Nickel, Helmut, and Stuart W. Pyhrr. "Arms and Armor." Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 47, no. 2 (1989): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3259894.
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Balter, Stephen. "Arms and armor." Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 79, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.23488.
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Martin, Michel Louis, and Christopher Spring. "African Arms and Armor." International Journal of African Historical Studies 27, no. 3 (1994): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220794.
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Witkowski, Terrence H. "Arms and armor collecting in America: history, community and cultural meaning." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 12, no. 4 (August 24, 2020): 421–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-12-2019-0050.
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Purpose This study aims to present a history and critical analysis of arms and armor collecting in America from the late 19th century until the present day. Design/methodology/approach The research draws from the literature on arms and armor, from primary written, visual and material evidence, and from the author’s long experience as an antique gun and sword collector. Findings American arms and armor collectors have included men of great wealth, museums and their curators and many enthusiasts of more modest means. Collectors, dealers and curators have created a substantial arms literature. Collectors have organized around various types of artifacts, historical periods and company brands. Dealers, auction houses and manufacturers have provisioned the market with period pieces and reproductions. Originality/value The history of antique arms and armor collecting is regarded as a social activity where enthusiasts have pursued “serious leisure” through consumption and brand communities. This history is further analyzed as a cultural practice wherein generations of collectors have interpreted the meaning of antique arms and armor.
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Black, Jeremy, Stephen Bull, and Tony North. "An Historical Guide to Arms and Armor." Sixteenth Century Journal 24, no. 1 (1993): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2541820.
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Nayak, Rajkishore, Ian Crouch, Sinnappoo Kanesalingam, Jie Ding, Ping Tan, Bin Lee, Menghe Miao, Deepak Ganga, and Lijing Wang. "Body armor for stab and spike protection, Part 1: Scientific literature review." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 7 (February 15, 2017): 812–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517690623.
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Since the invention of small arms ammunition, the human torso has required protection from hand-gun bullets, and today’s civil and military personnel are regularly clad in soft body armor systems to cope with these threats. However, increasingly, the threat spectrum has widened to include a plethora of both edged and pointed weapons. Over the past two decades in particular, this has required development of either specific soft armors to defeat that particular threat, or the development of multi-threat vests that can resist both hand-gun bullets and knife and spike attacks. In this review, we provide more details about the various material combinations that are used to defeat a knife or spike, since these armor materials are a lot different from the conventional aramid fabrics, and numerous, widely-different solutions are being pursued. The penetration mechanisms associated with the various forms of attack—stabbing and slashing—are discussed, as well as the use of new fibers, shear thickening fluids, and nano-materials in developing these body armor systems.
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Coupland, Simon. "Carolingian Arms and Armor in the Ninth Century." Viator 21 (January 1990): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.viator.2.301331.
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Toichkin, Denis, and Manouchehr Moshtagh Khorasani. "First International Research Conference on Weaponology in Kyiv, Ukraine: A ground-breaking start." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 9, no. 1 (June 24, 2014): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v9i1.1267.
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The present report provides a short description of a conference entitled "First International Research Conference on Weaponology in Kyiv, Ukraine". It was the first scientific conference dedicated to the study of historical arms and armor in Ukraine. A number of international experts in the field of historical arms and armor were invited to the conference. Each researcher had been asked to provide a short and a long article on a specific research subject. The short articles were published as a short essay in a peer-review booklet that was handed out before the start of the conference. The long articles will be published together as a large book in future.
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Toichkin, Denys. "Second International Research Conference on the History of Arms and Armor in Kyiv, Ukraine." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 11, no. 2 (December 29, 2016): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v11i2.4727.
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The present report provides a short description of a conference titled “Second International Research Conference on the History of Arms and Armor in Kyiv, Ukraine”. It was the second scientific conference dedicated to the study of historical weapons in Ukraine. A number of international experts in the field of historical arms and armor were invited to the conference. Each researcher had been asked to provide a short and a long article on a specific research subject. The short articles had already been published in a peer-review booklet that was handed out before the start of the conference. The long articles will be published together as a large collection of paper in future.
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Kuleshov, Yu A. "Problems of attribution of plate armor from the collection of the Alava Museum of Arms, Spain (on the question of scaly shells in the west of the medieval Ecumene, X–XIII centuries)." Universum Humanitarium, no. 1 (October 28, 2023): 142–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2499-9997-2023-1-142-165.
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In the article the scale armour from Museode Armeríade Álava collection is explored. Among the specialists it is considered to be the earliest Medieval European scale armour of 10-13 centuries. After the comparison of the scale armor fragments in Europe, on the Balkans (the fragments there belong to Byzantine armory circle) and Middle East the author puts into question its background and dating. To wide the search circle the explorer pays attention on two ceremonial armour sets. One from Museode lEjército of Toledo and the second from The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The breast plates of both sets have the same construction and decoration to the breast plate from Museo de Armeríade Álava. At the same time the set from Museo del Ejército of Toledo attribution that is given at the official museum site as the armour of Mexican Indian chief of the Conquest period is considered to be absolutely incorrect by the author of the article. Because iron as the material for local metallurgical industry of the period was simple unknown and unavailable for metalwork. The attribution of the second set from The Metropolitan Museum of Art that is given at the official museum site seams much more probable. The American specialists attribute it as Chinese and date 18tht c. Based on it the author comes to the conclusion that the breast plate from Museo de Armería de Álava has nothing to European Medieval period and can be attributed as Chinese ceremonial armour set of 18th c.
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Dwyer, Bede. "Persian Archery and Swordsmandship: Historical Martial Arts of Iran, by Manouchehr Moshtagh Khorasani." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v9i1.1310.
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This review covers the book, <em>Persian Archery and Swordsmanship: Historical Martial Arts of Iran</em> by Dr Manouchehr Moshtagh Khorasani. He is the author of several books in this field (<em>Arms and Armor from Iran The Bronze Age to the End of the Qajar Period</em>, 2006; <em>Lexicon of Arms and Armor from Iran: A Study of Symbols and Terminology</em>, 2010) and many important articles. The review looks at the nature of the book, its structure and layout. It discusses the problems inherent in presenting a complex account such as of the martial arts traditions of a region as extensive as the Iranian culture area. The potential audience is explored. A large selection of illustrations relevant to the text is included in the text while an extensive full color catalog is included as section 10.
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Grindley, Carl James. "Arms and the Man: The Curious Inaccuracy of Medieval Arms and Armor in Contemporary Film." Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Film and Television Studies 36, no. 1 (2006): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/flm.2006.0009.
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Pustovoit, V. N., Yu V. Dolgachev, and Yu M. Dombrovskii. "Ballistic Resistance of Steel with the Structure of a Natural Ferrite-Martensitic Composite." Safety of Technogenic and Natural System, no. 3 (August 17, 2022): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2541-9129-2022-3-54-59.
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Introduction. For steel armor materials, it is important to reduce the thickness and, consequently, the metal consumption of the protective structure. The previously developed class of materials with the structure of a natural ferrite-martensite composite (NFMC) has characteristics that favor the inhibition of crack development under impact loads and has prospects as an armor material.Problem Statement. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the possibility of using NFMC materials for armor protection devices based on the results of ballistic resistance tests under a high-power concentrated impact (a projectile flying at a hyper-high speed).Theoretical Part. The study of ballistic resistance was carried out on samples of steel 14G2 processed according to various modes. The samples had the shape of plates and a square grid on the surface. Simulation tests of the impact of heat-strengthened dowels from a powder-actuated tool and firing of military small arms at the testing site from an SVD sniper rifle and an AK-74 assault rifle with machine loading ammunition were carried out. The results of simulation tests showed a clear advantage of steel with the NFMC structure. The comparison of the results of firing with military small arms has showed that the ballistic resistance of steel with the NFMC structure depends on the ratio of the volume fractions of ferrite and martensite, which cause different thicknesses of the ductile and strong components of the composite. The highest resistance was observed for a sample with an NFMC structure processed according to the regime: quenching 730°C and tempering 180°C.Conclusions. Steels treated for the NFMC structure can provide effective protection for military personnel with a lower material consumption of armor protection devices, which is due to a special method of braking destruction during a high-power local impact. Thus, the practical application of the developed class of natural composite materials seems promising for obtaining an armor plate with a thinner thickness, which helps to reduce the weight of combat vehicles, increase their mobility and reduce fuel consumption.
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Kononenko, G. A., T. V. Kimstach, O. A. Safronova, R. V. Podolsky, O. V. Puchikov, and O. P. Klinova. "Modern perspective metal materials for armored obstacle (overview)." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy 36 (2022): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2022-36-325-342.
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To date, means of protection of all types of armored vehicles against damage by small arms are actively being developed, new grades of steel with increased anti-projectile resistance indicators are being developed, which ensure a reduction in the metal content of structures while simultaneously increasing the tactical and technical characteristics of the product. The constant increase in requirements for the protection of armored vehicles, caused by the improvement of highly effective means of attack, dictates the need to find new approaches to increase the dynamic stability of armored steels using modern metallurgical, material science and construction achievements. The development and design of workable materials and structures of armor protection is a complex scientific and technical problem. The purpose of the work is to determine, based on the analysis of literary sources, the main trends in the development and improvement of modern metal materials for the manufacture of armored obstacles, which have high dynamic resistance against modern highly effective small arms weapons. The paper analyzes the most widely used metal materials for the manufacture of armored barriers, presents information about their advantages and disadvantages, and provides an assessment of the prospects for further development of this industry. It is noted that the current concept of weapons development is aimed at the use of high-tech materials and innovative methods that allow improving protective functions without increasing the mass and dimensions of armor protection. Currently, many different materials are used to create armor protection: metal plates based on steel, titanium, aluminum and their alloys, aramid or polyethylene fibers, as well as ceramics based on boron carbides, silicon, and others. In accordance with the existing concept of increasing the effectiveness of armor protection and ensuring a combination of firepower, security and mobility, the use of promising materials for the creation of armor protection provides an additional reserve for increasing the combat and military-economic efficiency of military equipment.
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KONONENKO, G. A., T. V. KIMSTACH, О. А. SAFRONOVA, and R. V. PODOLSKY. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ARMOR STEEL AND ITS BALLISTIC RESISTANCE (overview)." Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment of Metals, no. 1 (100) (May 27, 2023): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.pmhtm.2413.280323.22.941.
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The relevance of the work. Today the industry is actively developing in the field of manufacturing means for protection of all types of armored vehicles against fire damage by small arms and artillery weapons. At present, ensuring high dynamic resistance of armor against modern weapons without increasing its thickness and, accordingly, the mass of the structure as a whole is achieved due to the use of various non-metallic materials (armor ceramics, high-strength fabrics, etc.) as part of compositions with traditional steel armor. The development and design of workable materials and structures of armor protection is a complex scientific and technical problem. To ensure high stability and survivability of armor, it is necessary to establish a relationship between the mechanical properties of armor steel and its ballistic characteristics. Purpose. Based on the analysis of literary sources, determine the relationship between the mechanical properties of steel armor and its ballistic characteristics. Methodology. The method of scientific and technical literature analysis regarding the requirements for armored obstacles is applied. The results. Analytical investigations of the relationship between the main mechanical properties of steel armor and its ballistic characteristics are conducted in the work, which will allow predicting the optimal combination of mechanical properties’ values that will ensure high ballistic resistance. Increasing the hardness of armor steel usually reduces the impact toughness of steels. It is noted that the ballistic characteristics of structural and armor steels are correlated with the tensile strength limit. The existence of a correlation between the strength properties of materials and their resistance to crack propagation under high-speed (explosive) loading is shown. For a number of materials, there is a close relationship between predicted and measured ballistic characteristics at high deformations associated with ballistic impact, when compressive flow stress is used as a measure of material strength. Increasing impact toughness, especially in high and ultra-high hardness classes, is an important task in the development of armor steel. Hardness limits are therefore set for specific grades of steel armor to control impact toughness during production and reduce the risk of fracture or other brittle damage for specific steel compositions and applications.
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Kolmakov, A. G., I. O. Bannykh, V. I. Antipov, L. V. Vinogradov, and M. A. Sevostyanov. "Materials for bullet core." Deformation and Fracture of Materials 2020, no. 10 (October 2020): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1814-4632-2020-10-8-21.
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he basic ideas about the process of introducing cores into protective barriers and the most common core patterns and their location in conventional and sub-caliber small arms bullets are discussed. The materials used for manufacture of cores are analyzed. It is concluded that for mass bullets of increased armor penetration the most rational choice can be considered the use of high-carbon low-alloy steels of a new generation with a natural composite structure and hardness of up to 70 HRC. For specialized armor-piercing bullets, cores made from promising economically-alloyed high-speed steels characterized by a high complex of «hardness—bending strength» are better alternative than ones made of hard alloys or tungsten alloys.
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Macaraeg, Ruel A. "Dressed to Kill: Toward a Theory of Fashion in Arms and Armor." Fashion Theory 11, no. 1 (March 2007): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/136270407779934579.
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Kryukov, Dmitriy, Aleksey Krivenkov, and Sergey Chugunov. "CIRCUITRY , STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2021, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2021-9-29-35.
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Currently, heterogeneous materials based on titanium and aluminum alloys are widely used as promising armor materials. When a ballistic object is exposed to the armor material, brittle cracks that occur at the contact point spread in such a way that composite material is in state of decay both deep into and along the interlayer boundaries of the joint, while there is a violation of the composite structure and loss of the mechanical strength of the armor element. In this regard, the task of developing new reinforcement schemes for composite armor is urgent. One of the most promising technologies in the field of creating and developing new composite non-metallic armor materials is explosion bonding. The authors of the work proposed a new scheme for reinforcing a heterogeneous metal material by means of explosion bonding, which uses internal perforated reinforcing layers that serve as elements preventing the development of brittle fracture at the point of ballistic contact. To increase the efficiency of the destruction of a ballistic object in the composite structure, the authors proposed the formation of highly solid intermetallic compounds at the boundary between the metal of the base of a viscous metal matrix and the reinforcing element by subsequent heat treatment of the material. The conducted micro-X-ray spectral analysis of intermetallic compounds showed their correspondence to the chemical compound α-titanium (TiAl3). Comparison of the obtained level of physical and mechanical properties of the developed heterogeneous armored material with analogues suggests that the expected level of the composite protection class against small arms is in the range from Br4 to Br5 according to GOST R 50963-96 with an armor thickness of 40 to 60 mm, which makes it possible to reduce the weight of armored vehicles significantly and, as a result, increase its tactical and technical characteristics.
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Cianciolo, Anna T., and William R. Sanders. "A Task Analysis of U.S. Army War-Gaming: Implications for Assessing the Performance of Combined Arms Task Force Battle Staffs." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 25 (September 2005): 2154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504902508.
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To inform ongoing efforts to assess war-gaming performance, we sought to identify, develop, and validate techniques for assessing the war-gaming effectiveness of U.S. Army National Guard officers in training. Through extensive literature review, consultation with subject matter experts, and observation, we have achieved a more in-depth understanding of the war-gaming process than has previously been accomplished. We have identified what individual and team competencies should be targeted to assess student war-gaming and to diagnose performance deficits in a variety of instructional settings. We have developed assessments to capture a subset of these competencies and have administered these assessments to National Guard officers enrolled in the distance-learning version of the Armor Captains' Career Course, taught through the U.S. Army Armor School. Qualitative analysis of the data collected tentatively suggests that our assessments are valid and that the competencies we measured may be those used to make intuitive, expert judgments of student performance.
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Estes, Kenneth W., and Romain Cansière. "The U.S. Marine Corps’ Tank Doctrine, 1920–50." Marine Corps History 6, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35318/mch.2020060203.
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Major Joseph DiDomenico’s study of U.S. Army influence on U.S. Marine Corps tank doctrine appeared in the Summer 2018 issue of this journal, titled “The U.S. Army’s Influence on Marine Corps Tank Doctrine.” Mobilizing an impressive array of primary and secondary sources, DiDomenico laid considerable credit for the Corps’ improvements to its nascent World War II tank and amphibious tractor doctrine on the Army’s Armor School at Fort Knox as well as the improved Army doctrinal publications that had emerged by 1944. Major DiDomenico excoriated the Marine Corps’ neglect of “critical vulnerabilities for armor supporting amphibious operations.” The benchmark for Marine Corps tank doctrine’s failures to “synthesize” Army tank doctrine for Marine Corps missions is unsurprisingly the Battle of Tarawa. According to DiDomenico, the failures registered at Tarawa “indicated an institutional ignorance in the operational art of combined arms.” This article presents some common misconceptions of Marine Corps tank policy and doctrine and aims to correct those misconceptions.
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Denisov, Alexey V., Stanislav M. Logatkin, Konstantin N. Demchenko, Artem M. Nosov, Andrey B. Yudin, and Alexey V. Anisin. "Problems of medical and biological support of the process of developing advanced bulletproof vests." Russian Military Medical Academy Reports 40, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rmmar81181.
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Currently, as part of combat equipment, body armor is the main tool designed for individual protection of a persons torso from bullets, shrapnel and steel arms. Since March 1, 2019, GOST 34286-2017 has been introduced as a national standard of the Russian Federation, in which one of the assessed indicators of the resistance of armored clothing to the effects of means of destruction is the indicator of the reserve effect of the striking element when the protective structure is not penetrated, which should not exceed the value taken as the maximum permissible in the prescribed manner. In this case, the pre-armor effect of a striking element in case of non-penetration of the protective structure is assessed only after the completion of the development of a sample of armored clothing by the corresponding accredited organization. The existing methods for determining the permissibility of the reserve impact indicator when the protective structure is not penetrated can in principle be divided into medical, biological and technical, and technical. In the Russian Federation, the method using large laboratory animals, pigs weighing 8090 kg, is mainly used to determine the level of the reserve impact in terms of the severity of the reserve contusion injury. While in NATO countries, human corpses, individual tissues and organs, as well as parts of carcasses of large animals are used to determine the same parameter. However, at present, both in our country and abroad, there is no single methodological approach to assessing the impact of armor when testing protective products. As a result of targeted research, it is necessary to scientifically substantiate the principles of modeling this effect when the body armor is not penetrated with the subsequent processing of standard methods of state testing of body armor. The tests must be based on a method that allows obtaining parameters expressed in digital values and correlated with the results of experiments on biological objects. It is this numerical parameter that should be taken as a criterion for assessing the permissibility of the level of shock impact when testing promising personal body armor (bibliography: 21 refs).
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LaRocca, Donald J. "Carl Otto Kretzschmar von Kienbusch and the Collecting of Arms and Armor in America." Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin 81, no. 345 (1985): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3795448.
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Macaraeg, Ruel A. "Piratas de las Filipinas: un ejercicio de pensamiento crítico." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 4, no. 4 (July 14, 2012): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v4i4.150.
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<p>Piracy had a formative impact on Filipino history, yet modern practitioners of Filipino Martial Arts generally do not acknowledge its influence. This brief study reconstructs the pirates’ martial practices through comparative historical analysis of their weapons, costume, and organization in order to draw conclusions about their relationship to martial cultures in the Philippines and across the region. Using analogous historical studies on piracy worldwide and examination of traditional arms and armor, this article restores the Iranun pirates to their rightful place as primary contributors to Filipino fighting arts and their influence in shaping Filipino national historiography as a whole.</p>
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Brown, Alan S. "Viking vs. Samurai." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 03 (March 1, 2010): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-mar-5.
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This article discusses the application of mechanical engineering concepts in a day-to-day TV serial world. Instrumenting weapons and armor showed that Viking chain mail could withstand the slashing attack of a Samurai katana in the TV series named Deadliest Warrior. The show pits fighters with different styles of fighting who never met—Spartan vs. Ninja or Apache vs. Gladiator —against one another. The show’s experts include a doctor, a computer programmer, and Desmoulin, the go-to guy for figuring out the impact of ancient arms. They feed their findings into a Monte Carlo simulation that runs hundreds of simulations and picks the most likely winner.
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Rodikova, Oksana. "Symbolism of the armorial frieze of the middle of the 13th century on the butt of the armorial hall of Gozzoburg, Krems, Lower Austria." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 69 (2023): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2023.69.06.
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Since in the Middle Ages the ability to read and write was mainly reserved for monks and thus only for a very small part of the population, there was a need for an alternative form of identification. This was expressed in the spread of coats of arms. Heraldic signs were used in different ways and found application on armor and shields in military conflicts, as well as at festivals, tournaments, and competitions, on houses, flags, and fabrics. If someone wore a coat of arms, they could be assigned to a certain group. Family coats of arms had legal significance as a symbol of the status and legal rights of their bearers. In addition, coats of arms became an integral part of imperial and royal courts. Since the late Middle Ages, coats of arms have been used to publicly mark property rights, for example, on buildings, boundary stones or maps, and as decor. Armorial halls were and still are partly representative rooms. One example of such a hall of arms from the early thirteenth century is the Gozzoburg in Krems, Lower Austria. The process of identifying coats of arms, their dating, affiliation, and place in the visual concept is the central issue of this study. As we will see, the core of the coat of arms frieze is the figure of King Otokar II, although Gozzoburg never belonged to him. The western wall shows the lands that belonged to the king, and the other three walls show his spheres of influence. Thus, on the North wall are the coats of arms of the Holy Roman Empire, on the South wall – coats of arms from outside the empire. The concept on the Eastern Wall, as well as several unidentified coats of arms, remains an open question even after identification. Comparing the scarce information about the owner of the house with the heraldic program, we realize that Gozzo was one of the king’s closest associates and owed him his status and position. He wanted to emphasize this connection publicly to demonstrate his authority to visitors to the house. The analysis of coats of arms is a valuable auxiliary tool in understanding this medieval hierarchy.
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Kim, Seung Shin. "A Study on the Types and Development of Arms Excavated from Daegaya Tumuli." Yeongnam Archaeological Society, no. 81 (May 30, 2018): 5–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47417/yar.2018.81.5.
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In this study, we will review the armament excavated from the ancient tombs of the opposition camp to see the process of making weapons and changing the aspect of the armor found in the central and neighboring communities. The weapons excavated from the ancient tombs of the main opposition camp were identified as having undergone four major phase changes, and the types of armament were divided into A-F types, which are based on common weapons and harnesses. Based on this, each region has the following aspects of the shift in armament. In step 1, arms started to be adopted in the region of Daegaya, and Okjeon group was the first. In the territory of Okjeon group, decorative cavalry arms (types A1 and A2), heavy cavalry (type B1), and light cavalry (type D) have been found unexpectedly. The types of cavalry recruited first in the regions of Gimhae and Busan show that these types were introduced in Okjeon region earlier than other territories of Daegaya. Step 2 is the period of the development of cavalry and infantry arms mainly by the central group of Daegaya region. Cavalry arms that were first introduced in Okjeon group started to be spread from the central group of Daegaya with infantry. It was found that decorative harness and heavy cavalry arms (types A and B) were used mainly by supreme rulers in Daegaya. In step 3, the decorative harness and light cavalry arms popular in the central area of Daegaya were spread to the upstream of Hwanggang River which was under the direct control of Daegaya and the middle/upstream of Gyeonghogang River. As in step 2, the central area of Daegaya remained focused on light cavalry and helmets although there were some old tomb tumuli and decorative harness as well while the surrounding areas showed somewhat different conditions.
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KUBIK, Adam. "The Kizil Caves as an terminus post quem of the Central and Western Asiatic pear-shape spangenhelm type helmets. The David Collection helmet and its place in the evolution of multisegmented dome helmets." Historia i Świat 7 (June 30, 2018): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2018.07.09.
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Current paper consists of two main parts. In the first part the author discusses arms and armor presented in the Kizil Caves depictions, suggesting a datation of the two well-known caves, namely so-called Maya Cave and Cave of the Painter. In the second part of this paper the author discusses a helmet found in Iran and currently held in the David Collection, Copenhagen. On the basis of a detailed comparative analysis, the author puts forward a thesis of correlation between the lamellar and spangen pear-shape helmets dating the objects to late 6th beginning of the 7th century CE. Specifically, it is suggested that the David Collection helmet is a later evolution of such forms that was known in the late-Sasanian period.
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WILLIAMS, ALAN. "WARRIORS OF THE HIMALAYAS REDISCOVERING THE ARMS AND ARMOR OF TIBET BY DONALD J LAROCCA ET AL." Art Book 13, no. 4 (November 2006): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8357.2006.00722_2.x.
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Salgirli, Saygin. "Polished History: The Arms and Armor Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Glamorization of Violence." International Journal of the Arts in Society: Annual Review 1, no. 2 (2006): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1866/cgp/v01i02/35564.
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Hutsul, Volodymyr. "Combat between John Chalons and Luis de Bueil in Tour 1446: Joust À Outrance in Texts and Visual Sources." Text and Image: Essential Problems in Art History, no. 1 (2020): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-4801.2020.1.03.
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This paper is focused on the joust between English squire John Chalons and French écuyer Louis de Bueil, that was held in 1446 in Tours, France, in the King Charles VII of France and his courtiers presence. The mounted combatants fought with full armour on using couched lances. The article also covers the connection issue of this chivalric encounters type with warfare and military practices of that time, their effectiveness in then military training and interpretations of 15th century tournaments and pas d’armes in the 20th -early 21 century historiography. Available existing sources for this event suggest that the fighters with premeditation used lethal combat techniques during the collision, that resulted in Louis de Bueil death. However, Jean de Bueil, the older brother of the deceased, soldier, courtier and writer, expresses his highly hostile attitude towards chivalric practices of this kind in his autobiographical work "Le Jouvencel", which in the long run led to a false interpretation of the Late Middle Ages pas d’armes as an escapist and anachronic manifestation of the Late Middle Ages elites culture, spread by renowned Dutch scholar Johann Huizinga and his epigones. The article has its emphasis on participants’ arms and armour, as well as their impact on the course and result of a joust. The paper presents the analysis of the narrative program of eight mid. 15th century colored handwritten miniatures, conveing the stages and course of the duel. Visual narration is created with profound knowledge of the knight weapon and equipment features, as well as an accurate understanding of the equestrian encounters course and logic. Depicted by unknown artist plate armor on the combating fighters has direct historical analogies among the preserved survived artifacts of knights weapons. This miniatures series may be considered as a ‘documentary military art’ prominent example for its time.
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Pchelov, Evgeniy V. "Sources on the Title Heraldry of the Tsardom of Muscovy of the 16th – the First Half of the 17th Century." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2018): 971–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-4-971-983.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of sources containing information on the land heraldry of the Tsardom of Moscovy, which reflected territorial title of the Russian rulers. The historiography usually mentions 5–6 artefacts and pictorial sources with images of such coats of arms. In fact, the complex of these sources can be significantly expanded. The author has managed to collect information about ten artefacts, two visual and four written sources, which allow to follow the evolution of the title heraldry in pre-Petrine Russia starting from the 16th century. Furthermore, two seals descriptions containing information about land coats of arms remain unpublished. The analysis of sources leads to the following conclusions. The beginning of the Russian title heraldry dates back to the reign of Ivan the Terrible. It was probably connected with refining of his territorial titles after the Livonian War. The Great Seal of Ivan the Terrible (late 1570s) has a set of title seals with images, most of them quite simple. These emblems reflect mainly natural or economic features of specific lands. Some emblems are purely symbolic, some borrow directly from Western European heraldry. These title emblems (called seals prior to the 18th century) continued up to the Romanovs’ reign. For instance, the front of the seal of Ivan the Terrible became a source for title emblems reproduced on the armor of Pseudo-Demetrius I, which was made by Western European masters. They probably took their cue from an imprint of the front side of the seal sent with the order. Emblems from the reverse side of the seal were not reproduced on the armor. Under Mikhail Fyodorovich (apparently, in late 1620s) the complex of title emblems underwent its first significant transformation. Some emblems continued to the end of the 16th century, some were formed anew. The new system of title emblems translated into a description of seals made after the Moscow fire of 1626. This document is also yet unpublished. The reform of the title seals may have been associated with making of a new complex of royal regalia in late 1620s. The new seals appeared in the composition of the cover for tsar’s saadak (quiver), which, apparently, was made at the same time.
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Collinet, Annabelle. "Performance Objects of Muḥarram in Iran: A Story through Steel." Journal of Material Cultures in the Muslim World 1, no. 1-2 (February 9, 2021): 226–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26666286-12340010.
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Abstract Some Muḥarram ceremonies in Iran today, such as taziyeh (ritual theatre) and dasteh (procession), often involve metal artifacts. They are commonly made of steel (mainly armor elements, arms, sculptures, and vessels). Many objects of similar types, generally without any historical data on their original contexts, are preserved in Islamic art collections. The present research proposes to identify these objects as Muḥarram performance objects. Based on two large collections (Paris, Musée du Louvre and Musée des Arts Décoratifs), this article aims to relocate them in their likely ritual contexts, especially those developed in the late Qajar period (from 1850 onward), and to look further into the past of their Safavid (1501–1722) models. Made of forged steel and inlaid with precious metals, these productions from the late Safavid period to the present day suggest the durability of some models with a strong visual identity and highlight the recurring use of this metal in Shiʿa devotional art in Iran.
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Rajput, Prabhat Singh. "A Newborn in Western Nepal with Harlequin Ichthyosis: A Case Report." Med Phoenix 7, no. 1 (August 19, 2022): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/medphoenix.v7i1.43941.
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Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis with an incidence of 1 in 300,000 live births. It is lethal in 44% of cases and the baby is usually prematurely born. These babies have thick, highly keratinized armor-like skin, which forms large diamond, trapezoid or rectangular plates separated by deep fissures. These affect the shapes of eyelids, nose, mouth and ears, and also limit movement of the arms, legs and chest. This condition is linked with a nonsense or frameshift mutation in the ABCA12 gene, which is responsible for lipid transport in the keratinocytes. This gene synthesizes a protein that transports a lipid, epidermoside, a glucosylceramide, out of stratum corneum cells in the epidermis. To our knowledge, this is the first case report on Harlequin ichthyosis from Nepal, which makes this case unique. The take away lesson from this case is that couples with consanguineous marriages should undergo screening of ABCA12 gene if they plan to conceive.
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Meyer, David L. "Evolutionary implications of predation on Recent comatulid crinoids from the Great Barrier Reef." Paleobiology 11, no. 2 (1985): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300011477.
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Diving investigations of Recent comatulid crinoids at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, indicate that, contrary to long-held notions, crinoids are subject to predation, principally by fishes of several families. Predation usually occurs as sublethal damage to the visceral mass and arms, from which the crinoids usually recover by regeneration. Aspects of the life habits, morphology, biochemistry, and physiology of comatulids are postulated to be adaptations that enable comatulid crinoids to resist predation. Comatulid versatility in coping with predation may account in large measure for their evolutionary success in the face of the late Mesozoic teleost radiation. Frequency of damage and repair in fossil crinoids can be used as a measure of predation pressure in order to assess the impact of predation during the Phanerozoic evolution of crinoids. Paleozoic stalked crinoids made a heavy investment in skeletal armor, while in contrast, comatulids reduced the calyx and became mobile. The relationship between these phyletic trends and predation pressure can now be critically examined.
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Rajput, Prabhat Singh, Santosh Basnet, Pradip kumar Paudel, Bibek Devkota, Ram Jiban Prasad, and Kapil Amgain. "Case Report: A newborn in western Nepal with Harlequin ichthyosis." F1000Research 12 (December 29, 2023): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55349.1.
Full textAbstract:
Harlequin ichthyosis(HI) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis with an incidence of 1 in 300,000 live births. It is lethal in 44% of cases and the baby is usually prematurely born. These babies have thick, highly keratinized armor-like skin, which forms large diamond, trapezoid or rectangular plates separated by deep fissures. These affect the shapes of eyelids, nose, mouth and ears, and also limit movement of the arms, legs and chest. This condition is linked with a nonsense or frameshift mutation in the ABCA12 gene, which is responsible for lipid transport in the keratinocytes. This gene synthesizes a protein that transports a lipid, epidermoside, a glucosylceramide, out of stratum corneum cells in the epidermis. To our knowledge, this is the first case report on Harlequin ichthyosis from Nepal, which makes this case unique. The takeaway lesson from this case is that couples with consanguineous marriages should undergo screening of ABCA12 gene if they plan to conceive.
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Łopatecki, Karol, and Aleksander Boldyrew. "Meanders of the Polish Military Revolution — Standardization of Cavalry Units." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, no. 2 (2021): 464–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.209.
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The objective of the article is to show the phenomenon of the internal standardization of the units of the Polish cavalry in the 16th century. The references to this process, during which the diversisty of arms and equipment of soldiers was abandoned, are scarce in descriptive sources and are only reflected in normative acts. The only type of sources which enables to reconstruct the combat potential of units is inspection (rejestry popisowe). Consequently, the process of specialization of units and of formation of different types of cavalry was basically marginalized. In the Crown, as late as the 1530s, cavalry rotas were very diverse. They consisted of lancers, Polish winged hussars (later: hussars) and light cavalry combined in various proportions. This state of affairs is connected with three factors. Firstly, the units of Permanent Defense (obrona potoczna) in their structure referred to Mass Mobilization (pospolite ruszenie). Secondly, provisions of law were not used for standardizing the arms and armor; on the contrary, at least by the 1530s they stimulated the internal diversification. Thirdly, the Crown professional units were internally divided into towarzyszes and pocztowys, which prompted the diversification of armament inside a unit. The text shows the changes which occurred in the 1540s and 1550s, and brought about a situation in 1557, when the rate of standardization was as high as 82.93 %. The transformations were dynamic but were not top-down planned reforms, representing instead a bottom-up initiative of rotmistrzes.
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Roberts, Gary K., and Michael E. Bullian. "Protective Ability of the Standard U.S. Military Personal Armor System, Ground Troops (PASGT) Fragmentation Vest Against Common Small Arms Projectiles." Military Medicine 158, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/158.8.560.
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Garcia Jimenez, Maria Elena. "“Family – Politics – Globalization” Family intimacy." Forum Teologiczne 23 (November 25, 2022): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/ft.8007.
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Intimacy is a key component of relational bonds, associated not only with sex but with every aspect of what each member of a family expresses –in the way he or she can do so–. How does it take place? What are the existing approaches towards the family to weigh intimacy? How is intimacy construed, and how can it be widely understood? Intimacy is not static: it changes through time and is different throughout the family life cycle, as well as through the various stages of each of the family members. Why is intimacy relevant? Intimacy is a value, and its nature goes beyond what is often expected: it constructs or deconstructs the family. Because it is deeply connected to feelings, thoughts, beliefs, traditions, culture, working with intimacy in each member may lead to the armor-plating of the family. Now, the construction of each person as a human individual does not just happen; it requires time, techniques, love, respect, and intimacy, which directly leads to self-fidelity. In turn, self-fidelity in each member of the family can produce what is known as a family coat of arms. While broken intimacy can destroy a person’s self-esteem and, consequently, meaningful, long-lasting relationships, armor-plating intimacy can develop deeply enriched human individuals who bring who they are and what they possess to ultimately weave a strong society. As a result, a society that protects and fosters intimacy, not only pays attention to what damages exist and should be prevented, but to what makes people live in generous self-donation. Intimacy lets a person know his/her value; therefore, intimacy is the strongest value and technique to assess what we are, what we need, what we want.
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Gupta, Vivek. "Images for Instruction: A Multilingual Illustrated Dictionary in Fifteenth-Century Sultanate India." Muqarnas Online 38, no. 1 (December 6, 2021): 77–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118993-00381p04.
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Abstract This article focuses on the Miftāḥ al-Fużalāʾ (Key of the Learned) of Muhammad ibn Muhammad Daʾud Shadiyabadi (ca. 1490). The Miftāḥ is an illustrated dictionary made in the central Indian sultanate of Malwa, based in Mandu. Although the Miftāḥ’s only illustrated copy (British Library Or 3299) contains quadruple the number of illustrations as Mandu’s famed Niʿmatnāmah (Book of Delights) and is a unicum within the arts of the Islamicate and South Asian book, it has received minimal scholarly attention. The definitions in this manuscript encompass nearly every facet of Indo-Islamicate art history. The Miftāḥ provides a vocabulary for subjects including textiles, metalwork, jewelry, arms and armor, architecture, and musical instruments. The information transmitted by the Miftāḥ is not limited to the Persian, Hindavi, Turki, and Arabic language of the text, but also includes the visual knowledge depicted in paintings. Through an analysis of this manuscript as a whole, this study proposes that the Miftāḥ’s manuscript was an object of instruction for younger members of society and utilizes wonder as a didactic tool.
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Carrara, Elena. "“Mon cher ami et frère d’armes”: Letters from Costantino Ressman to William Riggs, Collectors of Arms and Armor in Nineteenth-Century Paris." Metropolitan Museum Journal 47 (January 2012): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/670146.
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Dew, Spencer. "Deering Family Galleries of Medieval and Renaissance Art, Arms, and Armor. Visual art exhibition. Chicago, IL: The Art Institute of Chicago, 2017." Religious Studies Review 43, no. 4 (December 2017): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rsr.13221.
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Villalon, Andrew. "Military Conflict in Fourteenth-Century Castile and the Rise of Mayorazgo." Mediterranean Studies 31, no. 1 (April 2023): 27–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/mediterraneanstu.31.1.0027.
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ABSTRACT Mayorazgo is a conditional property tenure that arose in the central Iberian kingdom of Castile during the later Middle Ages and by 1500 had come to dominate property holding within that kingdom’s aristocracy. An estate held in mayorazgo could not be alienated from the family’s possession or divided among heirs. Instead, it had to be passed down intact to the next in line. Mayorazgo continued as a significant economic force in Iberia until its disestablishment in 1836. While primarily utilized for holding landed wealth, a family mayorazgo could also incorporate rents and material items, such as money, arms and armor, artwork and books, documents—in short, anything the family wished to maintain possession of over time. Although the origins of mayorazgo date at least as far back as the mid-thirteenth century, this form of tenure underwent a great expansion during and because of warfare that dominated the peninsula during the second half of the fourteenth century—warfare that brought the Trastámaran dynasty to the throne when Enrique II “the Bastard” assassinated his legitimate half brother, Pedro I “the Cruel,” and seized the throne. This article examines mayorazgo and how the wars of the period promoted its growth.
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Widlus, Benjamin P., and Keith S. Jones. "Do Exploratory Arm Movements Contribute to Reach-Ability Judgments?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601827.
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Gibson (1979/1986) argued that exploratory movements generate information about agents’ action-capabilities within a given environment, that is, about the agent-environment system’s affordances. To date, the scant literature on exploratory movements has revealed two important findings. First, restricting exploratory movements degrades the accuracy of affordance judgments (Mark et al., 1990; Yu, Bardy, & Stoffregen, 2011). Second, exploratory movements can be very subtle (Stoffregen, Yang, & Bardy, 2005; Yu, Bardy, & Stoffregen, 2011). However, many questions regarding exploratory movements have yet to be answered. For example, what exploratory movements are necessary to perceive a given affordance, and how do exploratory movements differ from related movements? Our long-term goal is to address such gaps in the literature. We decided to begin by examining what exploratory movements must be executed in order to perceive whether the actor can reach an object. Reaching exploratory movements likely have two key components: 1) head movements and 2) shoulder movements. The former can generate information about the absolute distance between the actor and the to-be-reached object (Bingham & Stassen, 1994), and have been confirmed to be necessary to produce accurate reaching judgments (Mantel, Stoffregen, Campbell & Bardy, 2015). The latter generates information about the actor’s arm length (Anderson & Turvey, 1998; Shibata, Gyoba, & Takeshima, 2012;), but their necessity to the reach-ability judgment has yet to be studied. The current experiment used a restriction paradigm to determine whether exploratory arm movements are necessary to make accurate reaching judgments. Participants (n = 32) judged their maximum reaching ability either while holding their arms behind their backs with their dominant hand grasping their non-dominant wrist (the Restricted condition), or while their arms swung naturally at their sides (the Unrestricted condition). Judgments were made actively, by walking forward or backward, in order to allow participants to generate the exploratory movements they would normally create (with the exception of arm movements in the Restricted condition) when moving toward an object with the intention to perform a reach (Mantel, Bardy, & Stoffregen, 2010). The study utilized a within-subjects design, with starting condition counterbalanced. For each condition, participants completed 1 practice trial followed by 9 experimental trials. Starting distances (from object) and angles were drawn equally and randomly from ranges of 1 – 24”, 25 – 48”, 49 – 72”, and 0 - 29o, 30 - 59o, 60 - 89o, respectively. Distances and angles were not repeated to prevent memorization. In line with previous affordance perception research, the dependent variable, Accuracy, was computed in terms of percentage of absolute error (|[judged maximum reach / actual maximum reach] -1| *100) (Oudejans, Michaels, Bakker, & Dolné, 1996). Accuracy was significantly greater when arm movements were unrestricted as compared to restricted, supporting the theory that exploratory arm movements are a component of reach-ability judgments. Reaching judgments in neither condition were perfectly accurate, which may have been due to the reaching judgment being the focal task (Heft, 1993). The present results have practical implications for operational situations in which actors’ arm movements might be restricted. For example, U.S. police and military personnel sometimes wear body armor that covers their shoulders, mounts ballistic plates to their upper arms, or some combination thereof. To the extent that such body armor restricts arm movements, then our results suggest that their reach-ability judgments would be degraded.
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Maniotis, Errikos. "Investigating Identities in Late Antiquity: A Case Study of the Roman Weapons Burial Deposit from the Sintrivani Basilica in Thessaloniki." Comitatus: A Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 54, no. 1 (2023): 151–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2023.a912675.
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Abstract: The identification of “peoples” is the oldest purpose that the study of burial rites has been made to serve. Written sources tell us that in late antiquity different peoples migrated into the Roman Empire, both in the Western and in the Eastern half. Cemetery archaeology provides one of the most important sources for early medieval social history. Weapon deposits should not be excluded from this process. The current paper investigates the armament of a soldier’s burial found in a grave attached to the so-called Sintrivani Basilica in Thessaloniki, Greece, dated to the early fifth century CE and how the study of arms and armor combined with other archaeological findings could help us to explore identities in late antiquity. The most interesting weapon of the deceased from the whole hoard is the sword that had been found bent. This striking and critical feature led me to correlate it with the ritual of “killing a weapon.” The bent sword expresses complex social statements about status and identity and functions as a clue that the soldier was a “Romanized” Goth or from another Germanic tribe who served as a mercenary (foederatus) in the imperial Roman forces. Considering the importance of the burial location, it is also clear that the deceased was a high-ranking officer of the Roman army.
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Thakur, Nitin, Rabinder Singh Bharj, and Pramod Kumar. "Effect of Type of Adhesive Material on the Strength of Bullet-Proof Glass: A Parametric Study." Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering 8, no. 1 (May 5, 2019): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arme-2019.8.1.2467.
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Laminated glass armors play key roles in defense and architecture due to its high aesthetics and inviolability. Armor designing is based upon Wave propagation phenomena produced during a high velocity impact. Laminated glass or bulletproof glass usually comprises of two or more glass sheets bonded by an interfacial layer of adhesives and backed with a high strength ductile polymer (polycarbonate). Typical bonding agents include either high performance adhesives or synthetic resins such as Polyurethane or Polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Recent literature review infers that the ballistic performance of armors is markedly influenced by both the type and thickness of bonding agents, which may be explained by the acoustic impedance mismatch between laminate materials. This paper documents a novel simulation parametric study, considering the material of adhesive layer and thus concluding that, type of adhesive layer plays an important role in maintaining the strength of the bullet-resistant glass. This study took into account the effect of three types of bonding agents (epoxy, polyurethane and PVB) having constant thickness of 1.50 mm, on the ballistic performance of the laminated glass, against AK-47 ammunition projectiles. Simulations were performed in Ansys Explicit Dynamics using a finite element method approach.
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Tanner, Harold M. "Learning Through Practice." Journal of Chinese Military History 3, no. 1 (May 14, 2014): 3–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341259.
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Abstract American scholars of Chinese history have generally explained the outcome of China’s civil war (1945-1949) by reference to social, economic, and political factors rather than by looking at the conduct of the war itself. Recently, military historians have begun to shift the focus to Communist strategy and operations. However, the question of how the Chinese Communist forces made the transition from guerrilla to conventional warfare has still not received sufficient attention. Using Mao Zedong’s theories of guerrilla warfare and Peter Senge’s model of the “learning organization” to analyze Lin Biao’s conduct of the war against the Nationalists in China’s Northeast (Manchuria), we can better understand how the Northeast People’s Liberation Army transformed itself from a force characterized by “guerrilla-ism” to the powerful army capable of defeating Jiang Jieshi’s best troops. The Communists performed poorly when they first encountered American-trained Nationalist units in the Northeast. Lin Biao and his staff responded to defeat by devising principles of tactics which they applied in a series of campaigns beginning with the “Three Expeditions/Four Defenses” (winter 1946-47). The Communist forces continued to derive lessons from their experience and to incorporate those lessons into programs of education and training. As a result, they made great strides forward in terms of the coordination of infantry, artillery, and armor in order to be able to pull off a conventional combined arms operation on the scale of the Liao-Shen Campaign. The Communist forces would bring these strengths with them when they entered the Korean War in 1950.