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Journal articles on the topic 'Arms imports'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Pamp, Oliver, Lukas Rudolph, Paul W. Thurner, Andreas Mehltretter, and Simon Primus. "The build-up of coercive capacities." Journal of Peace Research 55, no. 4 (2018): 430–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343317740417.

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Do governments’ military build-ups foster the outbreak of intrastate violence? This article investigates the impact of governments’ arms imports on the onset of intrastate conflicts. There is scant empirical research on the role of the external acquisition of coercive technologies, and even fewer studies explore the respective causal mechanisms of their consequences. We argue that the existing literature has not adequately considered the potential simultaneity between conflict initiation and arms purchases. In contrast, our study explicitly takes into account that weapon inflows may not only c

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2

Smith, Ron P., and Ali Tasiran. "The Demand for Arms Imports." Journal of Peace Research 42, no. 2 (2005): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343305050689.

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3

Smith, Ron P., and Ali Tasiran. "Random coefficients models of arms imports." Economic Modelling 27, no. 6 (2010): 1522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2010.07.017.

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4

Kollias, Christos, and Kleanthis Sirakoulis. "Arms Racing and the Costs of Arms Imports: A Stochastic Model." Defence and Peace Economics 13, no. 2 (2002): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10242690210970.

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5

Auer, Daniel, and Daniel Meierrieks. "Merchants of death: Arms imports and terrorism." European Economic Review 137 (August 2021): 103813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103813.

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6

Straubhaar, Thomas. "The economics of Third World arms imports." Intereconomics 21, no. 3 (1986): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02925284.

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7

Khan, Haroon ur Rashid, Shujaat Abbas, Muhammad Khalid Anser, Abdelmohsen A. Nassani, Mohamed Haffar, and Khalid Zaman. "Security Challenges and Air Quality Management in India: Emissions Inventory and Forecasting Estimates." Atmosphere 12, no. 12 (2021): 1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121644.

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The defense and peace literature have focused mainly on the military-growth nexus, with little attention paid to the environmental sustainability agenda, which is impacted by increased global arms transfers. The supply of lead-containing ammunition generates complex gas mixtures (including CO2 emissions) and particulates that harm the healthcare sustainability agenda. Based on the significance of the subject matter, the study uses the Indian economy as a case study, with a significant rate of arms transfers associated with higher carbon emissions. The study analyzed data from more than four de

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Lestari, Diana, Syarifah Hudayah, and Irwansyah Irwansyah. "Ensuring Security in Economic Freedom: A Cross Case Between Indonesia's Border Neighbors." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan 15, no. 2 (2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um002v15i22023p047.

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An open economy allows for partnerships between countries. The urgency of this paper is to dedicate the government's concern to revitalizing weapons in finance, export–import, and empowering the military sector to maintain economic freedom in 8 countries. The objectivity of the study focuses on Indonesia's cross–border countries. Annual published data sourced from the Global Economy is compiled for 6 periods. Then, the comparative linear regression technique serves to articulate the analysis funds. Since 2016–2021, there are indications that there is a strong determination of arms imports, arm

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9

Mehrl, Marius, and Paul W. Thurner. "Military Technology and Human Loss in Intrastate Conflict: The Conditional Impact of Arms Imports." Journal of Conflict Resolution 64, no. 6 (2020): 1172–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002719893446.

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Although often conjectured, there is a lack of empirical evidence whether international inflows of military technology render intrastate conflicts more violent. We address this question and argue that expansions in governments’ ability to fight aggravate the lethality of intrastate war. However, we expect this effect to be conditioned by rebels’ military endowments and their choice of tactics. Where rebels are weak, they avoid open combat, and additional governmental arms imports have no effect on the number of casualties. In contrast, governmental arms imports cause human losses to multiply w

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Craft, Cassady, and Joseph Smaldone. "Arms imports in sub-saharan Africa: Predicting conflict involvement." Defence and Peace Economics 14, no. 1 (2003): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10242690302933.

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11

Gyula, Speck. "The Primacy of Politics? Arms Imports and Political Relations of the Visegrád Countries 1999–2020." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 21, no. 1 (2022): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2022.1.1.

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International commerce can be determined by the political climate between the exporter and the importer. Arms transfers are a much complex process, where beyond economic factors, alliance ties, security perception and defence planning are also considered. Still, they might not be independent of political relations. This paper aims to capture the arms supplier–recipient relations between the Visegrád countries and Russia, the United States and Germany from 1999 to 2020. More specifically, how do the two factors affect each other: are good political relations necessary for arms deals? Or do arms

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Gyula, Speck. "The Primacy of Politics? Arms Imports and Political Relations of the Visegrád Countries 1999–2020." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 21, no. 1 (2022): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2022.1.2.

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International commerce can be determined by the political climate between the exporter and the importer. Arms transfers are a much complex process, where beyond economic factors, alliance ties, security perception and defence planning are also considered. Still, they might not be independent of political relations. This paper aims to capture the arms supplier–recipient relations between the Visegrád countries and Russia, the United States and Germany from 1999 to 2020. More specifically, how do the two factors affect each other: are good political relations necessary for arms deals? Or do arms

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13

Wang, Xinyi, Bo Chen, and Na Hou. "Examining driving forces of arms production: Security demand or economic needs-world’s largest defense companies." Panoeconomicus, no. 00 (2025): 9. https://doi.org/10.2298/pan230609009w.

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Arms production differs from that of general products because it involves both government and market factors. The needs of various actors vary; therefore, arms production is driven by internal security demands and external economic needs. This study identifies the complex factors behind arms production using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to examine the configurations influencing arms production among the 77 largest defense companies. The results indicate that economic needs alone are neither necessary nor sufficient conditions for arms production. Arms production primarily

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14

Grant, Jonathan. "The Sword of the Sultan: Ottoman Arms Imports, 1854-1914." Journal of Military History 66, no. 1 (2002): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2677343.

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15

Harris, Geoff. "Military Expenditure, Arms Imports and Third World Debt During the 1980s." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 7, no. 1 (1996): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x9600700105.

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One of the ‘costs’ of military imports and military expenditures by developing countries occurs to the extent that these are financed by incurring foreign debt. This article estimates that, for 61 severely and moderately indebted developing countries, military imports during the 1980s were equivalent to about 28% of new foreign debt incurred. When military expenditures as a whole are examined, the proportion is around 77%. Had these countries made no military expenditures during the 1980s, they could have borrowed very little and/or allocated far more of the borrowed resources to productive pu

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16

Na, Ik-Seong, and Jun-Geun Jang. "An empirical study on the factors affecting Arms Imports : focused on the Korean arms importing countries." Journal of the Korean Association of Defense Industry Studies 27, no. 1 (2020): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52798/kadis.2020.27.1.5.

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17

БЕЛЬКОВ, С. Д. "TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL ARMS TRANSFERS." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 2(151) (May 31, 2023): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.151.2.038.

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Статья посвящена проведению анализа основных тенденций международных поставок оружия за несколько последних десятилетий, включая современную ситуацию. В процессе исследования детализированы темпы продаж, экспорта и импорта основных вооружений в мире. Также обозначены перемены в структуре покупателей и продавцов. Отдельное внимание уделено текущим тенденциям в сфере производства и продаж оружия, которые обусловлены геополитической напряженностью в мире. The article is devoted to the analysis of the main trends in international arms supplies over the past few decades, including the current situa

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18

Wyss, Marco. "Neutrality in the early Cold War: Swiss arms imports and neutrality." Cold War History 12, no. 1 (2011): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2010.536534.

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19

Magu, Stephen. "The (Ir)responsibility to Protect: Are Small-Arms Suppliers Complicit in Africa's Genocides?" Yonsei Journal of International Studies 9, no. 1 (2017): 33–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13329637.

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Accounting for 40 percent of current global conflicts, the African continent has one of the highest rates of conflicts and conflict-related deaths and accounts for half of the sixteen on-going United Nations Peacekeeping Missions. These statistics mask that Africa produces minimal small arms and light weapons (SALW). The weapons have been used in genocides, politicides, and numerous conflicts, even as the concept of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) takes hold and is supported by many of the arms-supplying nations. Still, statistics show that the major world democracies and economies, as well as

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20

Iwan-Sojka, Dominika. "Tracking IHL Violations Through Arms Export in the Context of the Russian Aggression Against Ukraine." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica 106 (March 30, 2024): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.106.05.

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The paper tracks challenges to litigating (direct and indirect) imports of military equipment to Russia and Russia’s subsequent international humanitarian law of armed conflicts (IHL) violations committed in indiscriminate attacks in Ukraine. It asks whether arms export control is capable of preventing or mitigating the results of indiscriminate attacks in Ukraine. It is assumed that IHL compliance can be complemented by preventing military equipment from being delivered to recipients when there is a risk of serious IHL violations being committed with that equipment. By comparing arms transfer

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21

Grip, Lina. "History Never Repeats? Imports, Impact and Control of Small Arms in Africa." Contemporary Security Policy 36, no. 1 (2015): 79–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2015.1012348.

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22

Brzoska †, Michael. "The economics of arms imports after the end of the cold war." Defence and Peace Economics 15, no. 2 (2004): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1024269032000110496.

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23

Hess, Peter N. "Force Ratios, Arms Imports and Foreign Aid Receipts in the Developing Nations." Journal of Peace Research 26, no. 4 (1989): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343389026004006.

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24

Zhuravka, Fedir, Rostislav Botvinov, Marharyta Parshyna, Tetiana Makarenko, and Natalia Nebaba. "Ukraine’s integration into the world arms market." Innovative Marketing 17, no. 4 (2021): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.17(4).2021.13.

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Hostilities in eastern Ukraine have highlighted the need for accelerated transformation of Ukrainian armed forces and strengthening country’s defense capabilities. Ukraine is an active consumer and exporter of weapons, so it needs to improve constantly its position in the international arms market, which, by the way, unlike most markets suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic, is constantly growing. The study aims to assess the prospects of Ukraine’s integration into the world arms market to secure its armed forces and achieve the highest possible level of arms exports. Methods of comparative ana

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25

Rhee, Hyun-Jae. "Testing the Convergence of Military Expenditure and Arms Imports in Northeast Asian Countries." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 13, no. 2 (2013): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2013.13.02.475.

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26

Gangopadhyay, Partha. "A Formal Model of Arms Market with Cash-for-Favours." Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20, no. 3 (2014): 411–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2014-0017.

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AbstractBoth corruption and market imperfections are important facets of modern arms markets. In the standard literature of arms market, production, procurement, sales (exports) and purchases (imports) of arms take place in the shadow of corruption. Corruption is an integral part of the environment of the arms trade that exerts an influence upon the outcome in the arms market. In our work, we make corruption as a choice variable of the powerful players in the global arms market and examine the equilibrium consequence of corruption that is strategically chosen by armament firms. We develop a si

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27

Indra, Zul, Azhari Setiawan, Yessi Jusman, and Arisman Adnan. "Machine learning deployment for arms dynamics pattern recognition in Southeast Asia region." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 3 (2021): 1654. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1654-1662.

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<p>Finding the most significant determinant variable of arms dynamic is highly required due to strategic policies formulations and power mapping for academics and policy makers. Machine learning is still new or underdiscussed among the study of politics and international relations. Existing literature have much focus on using advanced quantitative methods by applying various types of regression analysis. This study analyzed the arms dynamic in Southeast Asia countries along with its some strategic partners such as United States, China, Russia, South Korea, and Japan by using ‘Decision Tr

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Indra, Zul, Azhari Setiawan, Yessi Jusman, and Arisman Adnan. "Machine learning deployment for arms dynamics pattern recognition in Southeast Asia region." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 3 (2021): 1654–62. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1654-1662.

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Finding the most significant determinant variable of arms dynamic is highly required due to strategic policies formulations and power mapping for academics and policy makers. Machine learning is still new or underdiscussed among the study of politics and international relations. Existing literature have much focus on using advanced quantitative methods by applying various types of regression analysis. This study analyzed the arms dynamic in Southeast Asia countries along with its some strategic partners such as United States, China, Russia, South Korea, and Japan by using ‘Decision Tree&

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29

de Soysa, Indra, Thomas Jackson, and Christin M. Ormhaug. "Tools of the torturer? Small arms imports and repression of human rights, 1992–20041." International Journal of Human Rights 14, no. 3 (2010): 378–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642980802611160.

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30

Lebacher, Michael, Paul W. Thurner, and Göran Kauermann. "Exploring dependence structures in the international arms trade network: A network autocorrelation approach." Statistical Modelling 20, no. 2 (2019): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471082x18817673.

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In this article, we analyse dependence structures among international trade flows of major conventional weapons from 1952 to 2016. We employ a Network Disturbance Model commonly used in inferential network analysis and spatial econometrics. The dependence structure is represented by pre-defined weight matrices that allow for correlating flows from the network of international arms exchange. Three dependence structures are proposed, representing sender-, receiver- and sender–receiver-related dependencies. The appropriateness of the presumed structures is comparatively assessed using the Akaike

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Korayem, Moharam Habibnejad, and Saeed Rafee Nekoo. "Controller design of cooperative manipulators using state-dependent Riccati equation." Robotica 36, no. 4 (2017): 484–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574717000522.

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SUMMARYThis study examined the use of a state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) for controller design and analysis of cooperative manipulators. The connection of end-effectors when holding an object imports constraint and complexity into the problem. Optimal load distribution (OLD) was used to divide the load between arms using a desired rate and omitting Lagrange multipliers. General dynamic structure, OLD formulation, and controller design are presented for an arbitrary number of manipulators. State-dependent coefficient parameterizations for rigid and flexible joint manipulators assuming fr

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Thurner, Paul W., Christian S. Schmid, Skyler J. Cranmer, and Göran Kauermann. "Network Interdependencies and the Evolution of the International Arms Trade." Journal of Conflict Resolution 63, no. 7 (2018): 1736–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002718801965.

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Since few states are able to produce all of their own military hardware, a majority of countries’ military systems rely on weapon imports. The structure of the international defense technology exchange network remains an important puzzle to understand, along with the factors that drive its evolution. Drawing on a political economy model of arms supply, we propose a new network-oriented explanation for the worldwide transactions of major conventional weapons in the period after World War II. Using temporal exponential random graph models, our dynamic approach illustrates how network dependencie

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33

Sinichenko, Vladimir, and Sergey Belozertsev. "Problems of Credit Financing Arms Supplies to Russia from Japan during World War I." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 24, no. 1 (2023): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2023.24(1).135-152.

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The relevance of the topic is related to the fact that currently, within the conditions of a special military operation in Ukraine, the problem of mobilizing the economy to meet the military needs is becoming of key importance. At the same time, close study of the history of lending for military and technical cooperation between Russia and other countries and the practices of their legal registration will help avoid a number of mistakes made during the First World War by the Russian authorities when managing the economy in a military conflict. Russian researchers have studied in sufficient det

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34

Repnikov, D. A. "THE LATEST TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTENATIONAL TRADE IN ARMS AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT." International Trade and Trade Policy 9, no. 2 (2023): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2023-2-134-151.

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At the present stage of the development of the world economy, a number of fundamental changes are taking place in the international trade in arms and military equipment (AME), which are mainly associated with the increasing global crisis and increased geopolitical tensions in the world. Within the framework of study, we summarized the main trends and problems in the development of the world arms and military equipment market, which are formed as a result of the aggravation of relations between individual countries and groups of countries. In this regard, this article analyzes changes in the me

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35

Mintz, Alex. "Arms imports as an action‐reaction process: An empirical test of six pairs of developing nations." International Interactions 12, no. 3 (1986): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050628608434657.

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36

Blanton, Shannon Lindsey. "Instruments of Security or Tools of Repression? Arms Imports and Human Rights Conditions in Developing Countries." Journal of Peace Research 36, no. 2 (1999): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343399036002006.

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37

Jacob, George, and N. M. K. Bhatta. "Factors Influencing Self-Reliance in Defence Capabilities of India: A Systematic Literature Review." JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP 18, no. 3 (2024): 9–25. https://doi.org/10.70906/20241803009025.

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India is the fifth-largest economy and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. It has a well-established defence industry in both the public and private sectors, and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) to develop indigenous technologies. Several initiatives have been introduced to strengthen the domestic defence industry, including the ‘Make in India’ campaign that increased foreign direct investment in defence companies, grants to support defence start-ups, and a negative import list for defence products. However, India remains heavily dependent on imports of f

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이혜진. "Determinants of Latin American Arms Imports: Focusing on a comparison between the Cold War and Post-Cold War." Korean Journal of Military Art and Science 71, no. 3 (2015): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31066/kjmas.2015.71.3.005.

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39

Gul, Shabnam, Muhammad Faizan Asghar, and Iqra Javed. "China as an Alternative Power in Middle East: Its Outcomes for the Region's Future." Global Political Review V, no. II (2020): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(v-ii).10.

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This research considers China's Middle East policies and commitments, including international alliances, regional disputes, and trade ties. It compiles information on arms transfers to the Middle East, as well as Chinese imports and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the region. Moreover, the study applies the power transition theory to justify the choice of Middle Eastern states that how external circumstances forced them to look beyond the American umbrella to protect the sovereignty and economic interest. Besides, the primary data has mostly been incorporated from the official files, speech

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40

Warigon, William Dishon, Omodot Udim Idiong, Yang YiLin, et al. "Review of Russia-Africa Cooperation in Diplomacy, Trade Relations & Security." American Journal of Arts and Human Science 4, no. 2 (2025): 37–43. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajahs.v4i2.4528.

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Russia’s growing involvement in Africa over the past two decades reflects a strategic push to expand its geopolitical, economic, and security influence on the continent. Drawing on historical ties from the Soviet era, Russia has positioned itself as a key partner for African nations, offering military assistance, counter-terrorism cooperation, and peacekeeping support. Key findings highlight Russia’s significant role as a leading arms supplier to Africa, accounting for nearly 40% of the continent’s arms imports between 2018 and 2022. Additionally, the deployment of private military contractors

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Pankhurst, Richard. "Innovation and Misoneism during the Reign of Emperor Yoḥannǝs IV (1872–1889)". Aethiopica 8 (18 листопада 2012): 48–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.8.1.325.

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The article attempts to examine the character and extent of innovation and misoneism during the reign of Yoḥannǝs, i.e. the period between the largely frustrated aspirations of Tewodros and of more substantial achievements of Mǝnilǝk. The study suggests that the reign of Yoḥannǝs in fact witnessed changes in many fields of life. These included improvements in communication between Ethiopia and the outside world; the advent of new imports; changes in land tenure and class relations; the strengthening of church land-holding; attempted action against slavery and the slave trade; increasing diffus

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Suzuki, Susumu. "Major arms imports and the onset of civil and ethnic wars in the postcolonial world, 1956–1998: A preliminary reassessment." Social Science Journal 44, no. 1 (2007): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2006.12.009.

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Bouks, Barak. "The Restrains On Egypt's National Security Towards The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." Security science journal 3, no. 1 (2022): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/ssj.3.1.3.

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Egypt regards the Nile as a vital "Life Line". As such, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam poses a significant threat to its national security, and thus, Egypt has to arrive at the most effective decision in order to remove this threat. Egypt embarked on a global diplomatic pressure designated to influence Ethiopia, backed by signals of relevant contributive acquisitions relevant to the Egyptian army's buildup: E.g., 30 Rafale jests from France in 2021 (following a former acquisition of 24 jets in 2015), 50 Mig-29Ms fighter jets in 2015 or 24 Sukhoi Su-35 in 2018, from Russia. This study find

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Repnikov, D. A. "Russia in the system of functioning models of the modern world market for arms and military equipment." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 7 (August 29, 2024): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2024-7-16-25.

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In the context of modern geopolitical conflicts, which have led to complications in the international trade and investment cooperation between countries, there are serious changes in the positions of states in the global export of arms and military equipment (hereinafter referred to as AME). Structural transformations in the international exchange of the AME are also conditioned by the clash of economic interests of individual countries due to globalisation of recent decades as well as by the use of various models of production and export of the AME at the national level. As shown in our artic

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45

Karageorghis, Vassos, and Efstathios Raptou. "Palaepaphos-Skales Tomb 277. More prestigious burials. With an appendix by Maria A. Socratous." Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome, no. 12 (November 2019): 327–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-12-11.

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Tomb 277 in the Skales cemetery at Palaepaphos, excavated by the Cyprus Department of Antiquities, is among the richest ever found in the south-west of the island. It dates to the Cypro-Geometric III period (c. 900–750 BC) and was used for multiple burials of important members of the Palaepaphian society, namely warriors and important women (priestesses of the Great Goddess?) judging from the abundant offerings of arms and armour as well as gold jewellery respectively (including gold plaques embossed with the head of the Egyptian goddess Hathor). Notable among the offerings are two bronze basi

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Dommen, Edward, and Alfred Maizels. "The Military Burden in Developing Countries." Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 3 (1988): 377–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00011691.

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During the 1970s, African arms imports rose faster than in any other region of the world. Indeed, military spending doubled between 1970 and 1977, albeit falling since that peak by about one-quarter by 1982,1 as may be seen in Figure 1. The expansion by developing countries of their armed forces during the 1970s, which was certainly not confined to Africa, stimulated interest among economists regarding its impact on economic growth. Our article attempts a quantitative assessment of some of the moew important factors which influence levels of military expenditures in developing countries, first

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Leon, Peter, Ernst Muller, Tihomir Svilanovic, and Alessandra Yolland. "EU Critical Raw Minerals Act Highlights Intensifying Competition in Race to Net Zero." Global Energy Law and Sustainability 4, no. 1-2 (2023): 138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gels.2023.0097.

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Global competition to ensure a secure supply of critical raw materials (‘CRMs’) is driven by two principal factors: the burgeoning global demand for CRMs deemed critical to the green and digital transition, as well as the defence sector; and supply chain characteristics accentuated during the COVID-19 pandemic and exacerbated by Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The EU has entered the CRM arms race with the EU Commission's proposed CRM Act, which sets non-binding targets aimed at bolstering domestic production of strategic raw materials by 2030. As the EU is significantly reliant on third country

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Sharma, Toni, and Nalin Bharti. "The Impact of EU Trade Policies on Its Textile and Clothing Imports: A Comparison Between India, Bangladesh, China, and Vietnam." Economies 13, no. 2 (2025): 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13020047.

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The European Union has implemented various trade policies in the textile and clothing sector, a major global employment generator, over the past three decades. This paper investigates how these evolving policies have impacted the four largest exporters of textiles and clothing to the EU. A notable trend emerges: India’s share of the EU market has declined and China has stagnated, while Bangladesh and Vietnam have seen significant gains. Using an Augmented Gravity Model, the study examines whether this shift is a result of broader global market dynamics or specific consequences of the EU’s tari

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Çolak, Olcay, Sevilay Ece Gümüş Özuyar, and Duran Bülbül. "Investigating the Nexus Between Militarization and Inflation in Turkey." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 70, no. 2 (2023): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0020.

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The importance of military expenditure in terms of establishing national security constitutes the main excuse for public expenditures made by states in this field. Yet, a special importance should be attached to military expenditure in terms of ensuring the efficiency of the public sectors of developing countries and rational use of resources. In fact, there is no consensus about the effect of these types of expenditures on the economy in general or the trade-offs they cause. Therefore, their effects on major macroeconomic variables and efficiency in resource allocation, production, and distri

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Jenkins, J. Craig, and Stephen J. Scanlan. "Food Security in Less Developed Countries, 1970 to 1990." American Sociological Review 66, no. 5 (2001): 718–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240106600505.

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Despite a global food surplus, almost half of the world's less developed countries suffer significant problems concerning food. Most social science and policy discussions of food security make the “food availability” assumption that increased food supply is the key to reducing hunger. Critics argue, however, that increased food supply has little impact on hunger and that the primary culprits are entrenched inequality and militarism. A lagged panel analysis of food supply and child hunger rates (1970–1990) shows that the food supply has only modest effects on child hunger rates and that food su

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