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Journal articles on the topic 'Army Infantry Regiment'
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1
Sandler, Stanley, William T. Bowers, William M. Hammond, and George MacGarrigle. "Black Soldier White Army: The 24th Infantry Regiment in Korea." Journal of Military History 61, no. 3 (July 1997): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2954072.
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Miller, Laura L. "Book Review: Black Soldier, White Army: The 24th Infantry Regiment in Korea." Armed Forces & Society 24, no. 3 (April 1998): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x9802400312.
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TSYBAKOV, D. L. "OREL INFANTRY REGIMENT IN THE RUSSIAN-TURKISH WAR OF 1768-1774: FROM THE DANUBE CAMPAIGNS TO THE SIGNING OF THE PEACE IN KUCHUK-KAYNARDZHI." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 10, no. 2 (2021): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2021-10-2-81-88.
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The scientific article describes the history of the combat service of the Orel Infantry Regiment of the first formation in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. The author analyzes the course of military campaigns in the period 1773-1774, special attention is paid to the tactics of re-connaissance and search actions of Russian musketeers, grenadiers and chasseurs in the Danube theater of the struggle against the Ottoman Empire. Specific examples of the participation of the Orel regiment in the storming of the Nagorny Redoubt in June 1773 and in river landing operations in the vicinity of the Silistria fortress in the autumn of 1773 are given. The conclusion is made about the prerequisites for achieving the status of one of the most combat-ready units of the Russian Imperial Army by the Orel Infantry Regiment.
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Le Gall, E. "THE FRENCH 47TH INFANTRY REGIMENT DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR: AN ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 2(53) (2021): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2021-2-17-26.
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The First World War can be examined from the perspective of traditional military history as well as the perspective of the relationship between combatants and the environment. The author reveals based on a wide range of archival materials, printed media and ego-documents (diaries, memoirs, letters) the question of combat peculiarities of the 47th Infantry Regiment of the French Army considering with the influence of environmental conditions on the soldiers. The author demonstrates the dependence of the regiment's intensity and efficiency of combat operations on the terrain, weather and climate changes on the Western Front of the First World War. In the first phase of the conflict, soldiers were extremely vulnerable to even the slightest temperature changes (extreme heat, cold) due to their uniforms' problems. Physical strain from long marches across unfamiliar terrain and an extended stay in the trenches also harmed their health. The combat unit's active influence on the environment is also emphasised, with the pollution of the battlefield by sewage, leftover ammunition and weapons. The soldiers' health being adversely affected by the polluted environment (above all, the spread of contagious diseases, poisoning by chemical and metal warfare agents) is also considered. Severe environmental changes during battles also made combat operations more difficult. Thus, during the First World War, both the soldiers of the 47th Infantry Regiment of the French Army and all the other poilus became hostages to a severely altered environment due to the impact of millions of combatants.
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Kindziuk, Milena. "Karol Wojtyła senior w wojsku austriackim i polskim." Saeculum Christianum 24 (September 10, 2018): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/sc.2017.24.22.
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Little is known and studied of the Military personal records of Karol Wojtyla, from Vienna Kriegsarchiv until now which in turn has allowed for the accurate reproduction of his curriculum vitae, as well as taking into account the main steps in the course of his military service. Their analysis leads to the conclusion that Karol Wojtyla, senior, John Paul II’s father was a professional soldier for 18 years in service in the Austro-Hungarian Army, in the 56th Infantry Regiment called Regiment of Wadowice, and later became an officer in the Polish Army in the reborn Polish Republic. Throughout the period of his military service he enjoyed a very good reputation: Superiors characterized him as a diligent and honest, valuedfor his ability to communicate in German.
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Yudina, G. N., G. T. Saleeva, and R. A. Saleev. "Department of prosthetic dentistry staff - participants of the Great Patriotic War." Kazan medical journal 96, no. 3 (June 15, 2015): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-464.
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Leonid Mendeleevich Demner was born in August 3, 1923. In February 1944, he was drafted into the Red Army on the Leningrad front and served as a troop of 286th infantry division separate ski battalion, later - as a military translator of the 286th Infantry Division 996th Infantry regiment and in division headquarters of the same division in the 1st Ukrainian Front. He w as awarded with the Order of «Red Star», «World War II degree», the medal «For courage», «For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War» and other awards. Discharged in May 1946, he worked as a dental technician trainee, dental technician and caster prosthodontist in denture clinic of Chernivtsi, and as a dentist, prosthetist in aviation hospital in Lviv. Since 1951 to 1956 he was a student of Molotov’s State Medical University. In 1956-1959 he worked in Izhevsk as the children’s department head and an orthodontist. In 1959-1962 he was a postgraduate student at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of Kazan Medical Institute. In 1963 he presented his PhD thesis, and in 1972 - doctoral dissertation. In 1969-1990 he worked as the head of the Prosthetic Dentistry Department of Kazan Medical Institute. Gabdulkhak Gil’mullovich Nasibullin was born in November 30, 1923. In 1937 he entered the Kazan midwifery school. In May 1942 he was drafted into the Soviet Army and sent as a battalion physician assistant to the 383rd Infantry Regiment. He served as a combat medic of the 7th Guards Army 167th separate tank battalion, medical platoon commander of the 81st Guards Division 233rd Infantry Regiment Battalion at the Steppe Front and 2nd Ukrainian Front. He was awarded with the Order of «Red Star» and «World War II degree», 12 medals. In 1950 he graduated from Kazan Dental Institute. Later, he worked as a dentist in the Perm region. In 1953-1956 he was trained as a clinical resident at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of Perm Medical Institute. In 1956-1976, he worked at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of Kazan Medical Institute. In 1964 he presented his PhD thesis, and in 1975 - his doctoral dissertation. In 1976-1982, he headed the department of orthopedic surgery and dentistry of the Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education named after V.I. Lenin in Kazan. In 1982-1993, he headed the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry at the Kazan State Medical Academy.
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SangKi Kim. "Violent Oppression of Righteous Army by the Japanese Army; Focusing on the War Diary of the Fourteenth Infantry Regiment." JOURNAL OF KOREAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT STUDIES ll, no. 44 (April 2013): 5–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15799/kimos.2013..44.001.
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Jasmin, Borhan, and Nasruddin Jaafar. "Dental Health Status and Treatment Needs in the Infantry Regiment of the Malaysian Territorial Army." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 23, no. 2 (December 15, 2010): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539510391234.
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LASOTA, Jacek. "THE FIRST POLISH TANK BATTLE - BOBRUJSK 28 AUGUST 1919." Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej 111, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8527.
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General Haller’s army returned to Poland in 1919, and with it came 1 Tank Regiment to Łodz, which was equipped with the most modern tanks in the world - Renault FT. The article presents the results of research, which focus on the use of the first subunit of Polish tanks in combat. An important part of the research was to present the course of the first Polish tank battles near Bobrujsk (28.08.1919), which were successfully supported by infantry units in the fight against the Red Army. The presented results are not limited to the description of combat operations but are the basis for presenting tactical conclusions related to the use of tanks on the battlefield at the time.
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Halip, Ionel. "Tactical Aspects Referring to the Military Regulations of the Romanian and Soviet Infantry around the beginning of the orld War II." Land Forces Academy Review 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raft-2021-0014.
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Abstract In this article, a comparison study was done on the tactical principles of the Romanian infantry and the Soviet one around the beginning of the Second World War, in the context of developing and perfecting the weaponry. In order to reach this objective, there was an analysis of the regulations of the infantry emerged after the end of the First World War, emphasizing the differences and the parallels in tactical norms for the battalion and the infantry regiment. Likewise, the differences concerning the wording, content, appendices and the mission report are presented in an order of operations between the two armies. Having considered that during the Eastern Campaign, the Romanian army had suffered human losses due to the cold and lack of protection equipment, it was analyzed whether the Romanian regulations had foreseen protective measurements during winter time. At the same time, the article presents the operations during winter envisioned in the Soviet regulation, both for offense and defense, and also the measures that had to be taken in order to prevent frostbite.
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Keil, Hartmut, Donald Allendorf, Walter D. Kamphoefner, Wolfgang Helbich, Susan Carter Vogel, August Willich, and Joseph R. Reinhart. "Long Road to Liberty: The Odyssey of a German Regiment in the Yankee Army: The 15th Missouri Volunteer Infantry." Journal of Southern History 74, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27650176.
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Bać, Dorota, and Janusz Cwanek. "Adam Gruca – “Military Medic” in the Years 1914-1920." Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 20, no. 3 (June 30, 2018): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0766.
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Adam Gruca was born on 3 December 1893 in MajdanSieniawski. In 1902 he began his education in a 4-year primary school. Thanks to the support of his teacher, Helena Ostrowska, in 1906 he became a student in a Gymnasium in Jarosław. On 16 June 1913 Adam Gruca passed his secondary school leaving exam and in autumn he started his studies at the Faculty of Medicine at John Casimir University in Lviv. His studies were interrupted by the outbreak of World War I. On 1 July 1914, he was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army. After sixweeks’ training he was assigned to a hospital at the Merciful Brothers Monastery in Kalwaria Zebrzydowska. Subsequently, he worked for two years at the Field Hospital No. 2 in Andrychów, where he first started learning surgery. On 1 May 1916,Gruca was promoted to second lieutenant and was granted a three-month leave, during which he completed the 2nd year of his studies. In July 1917, he was transferred to the Italian front. Adam Gruca served in the Austrian army until 31 October 1918. On 6 November 1918 he volunteered to join the new Polish Armed Forces and was incorporated into the 2nd Squadron, 6th Cavalry Regiment. After one year of service in the Polish Armed Forces, he was transferred to Lviv, where he completed his 3rd year of studies. On 30 August 1920, he was assigned to the 34th Infantry Regiment. In 1921 he was promoted to captain and moved to the reserve. During the 5-year army service,the young student was able to gain practical knowledge and medical experience. On 24 June 1922, after nine years, he obtained a diploma in Medicine.
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Shevelev, Ivan G. "PRIVATE DIARIES AND REGIMENTAL REGISTERS OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY MILITARY OPERATIONS: THE SOURCE-STUDY ANALYSIS EXPERIENCE BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE 500TH INGULSKY INFANTRY REGIMENT." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series History. Philology. Cultural Studies. Oriental Studies, no. 4 (2018): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6355-2018-4-63-71.
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Charles H. Bogart. "Long Road to Liberty: The Odyssey of a German Regiment in the Yankee Army. The 15th Missouri Volunteer Infantry (review)." Journal of Military History 72, no. 4 (2008): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.0.0088.
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Harris, Patrick B. "From Huntsville to Appomattox: R. T. Coles's History of 4th Regiment, Alabama Volunteer Infantry, C.S.A., Army of Northern Virginia (review)." Civil War History 43, no. 2 (1997): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1997.0038.
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Beorn, Waitman W. "A Calculus of Complicity: The Wehrmacht, the Anti-Partisan War, and the Final Solution in White Russia, 1941–42." Central European History 44, no. 2 (May 23, 2011): 308–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938911000057.
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On October 10, 1941, the soldiers of the 3rd Company, 691st Infantry Regiment were uneasy. The task ahead of them was something new. They were to kill the entire Jewish population of Krucha, a town in central Belarus. A few hours later, Private Wilhelm Magel stood with another soldier in front of four Jewish women and an old man with a long, white beard. The company First Sergeant, Emil Zimber, ordered the Jews to turn away from the shooters, but they remained facing the German soldiers. Zimber gave the order to fire but Magel and his colleague, a former divinity student, did not aim at their targets. They requested to be relieved from the execution detail and were assigned to guard the remaining Jews who were waiting in the village square for their turn. This German Army unit without assistance of any other organization murdered a minimum of 150 Jewish men, women, and children in Krucha that day.
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Venkov, Andrey. "Red Don Cossacks in 1918." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (September 2019): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.4.6.
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Introduction. Red Soviet Cossacks were little studied by Soviet historical science, because their presence and number did not always correspond to the theory of class struggle. Most Cossacks opposed the Bolsheviks during the Civil War, but the Bolsheviks always tried to create their red Cossack military units. At first they tried to revive the old Cossack regiments of the tsarist army, but under the command of Soviet power supporters. Then they tried to mobilize the Cossacks in the Red army, but the mobilization did not give the expected result. Materials. The source used materials from the Cossack Department of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the State Archive of the Russian Federation; funds of the Red Cossack units in the Red Army (23rd Infantry Division) – Russian State Military Archive; information material on the Cossack parts of the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History; similar documentation stored in the funds of the Center for Documentation of Contemporary History of Rostov Region. The author used publications of Bolshevist and anti-Bolshevist periodicals, which show how the Don Cossacks and their Bolsheviks and their opponents characterized the Red Don Cossacks. Analysis. In summer 1918, the interest of Cossacks in economic relations with the cities of Central Russia played an important role, and some Cossack settlements supported the Bolsheviks in order not to break these economic contacts. Nevertheless, Cossack Soviet regiments were created by September–October, 1918. They consisted of volunteers, and their quantity was limited. In the documents of the Cossack Department of the Central Executive Committee we find refers to 4 Soviet Cossack regiments created in the first year after the October revolution. In fact, there were more Cossack units, but not all of them reached the number of a regiment. At the end of 1918, when the Red army launched the offensive, the number of Soviet Cossack regiments increased. Results. When forming Soviet Cossack regiments, the Bolsheviks tried to use old organizational forms – to revive the Don Cossack regiments of the tsarist army, but under new leadership. It succeeded partially. The attempts to mobilize the Cossacks in the Red Army did not give the expected result. In the event of sharp changes in the situation at the front in favor of the enemy, the mobilized either switched to his side or went home. The basis of forming Soviet Cossack units in 1918 formed the principle of voluntariness. Soviet Cossack units were formed primarily under general democratic slogans and where there was no obvious conflict between Cossack and non- Cossack population. In 1918, while the Bolsheviks did not pursue the policy of food dictatorship and did not curtail trade, a significant role for the Red Cossacks was played by the factor of their economic ties with large Russian economic centers. Cossack regiments of the Red Army inherited the high fighting qualities of the Cossack units from the old tsarist army, maneuverability and stamina inherent to the Cossacks, as evidenced by the high score they were given by the representatives of the hostile camp.
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Apollinaire, Guillaume, and Cedric Van Dijck. "Curiosities from the Front." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 134, no. 3 (May 2019): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2019.134.3.555.
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In November 1916, with the first world war in full swing, the Soldiers of the 82nd Territorial Infantry Regiment of the French Forces opened the latest issue of their monthly regimental magazine, Brise d'entonnoirs (“Breeze from Bombcraters”), to find a piece by the avant-garde poet Guillaume Apollinaire. Entitled “Curiosités du front” (“Curiosities from the Front”), it reinvents the everyday objects that cluttered the front lines: a shovel held up above the trench, for instance, becomes a dancing musical instrument as German bullets strike the shovel plate. This sense of humor was characteristic of the trench press, which existed to distract readers from the grim realities of warfare. Probably because it was thought to be so amusing or pertinent, Apollinaire's piece attracted some notice in its day. Several of its sections—“The Shovel,” “Trellis,” “The Bulletproof Shield”—found their way into other publications, at the front as well as in Paris, and some even made it onto the popular quotation pages of the official magazine of the French army, Bulletin des Armées de la République, of which an unsuspecting Apollinaire had written a year earlier, “Les pages consacrées aux citations sont merveilleuses” (“The pages dedicated to quotations are marvelous” [Letter to André Level]).
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Felizardo, Virginie, Pedro Dinis Gaspar, Nuno M. Garcia, and Victor Reis. "Acquisition of Multiple Physiological Parameters During Physical Exercise." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 2, no. 4 (October 2011): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jehmc.2011100103.
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This paper describes the experimental method focused on the acquisition of various physiological parameters during different effort levels of physical exercise like walking and running at several velocities. The study involved 57 young and adult people, 43 male and 14 female (24,37±5,96 years), from which 48 were soldiers belonging to the Infantry Regiment n.° 13 (RI13) of the Portuguese Army and 9 were teachers or college students of Sport Sciences, physically active but not competitive. The experimental measures provide a set of information that offers insight about the health status and physical performance of the subjects during exercise. This experimental method procedure is suited for the acquisition of physiological parameters with both the wireless physiological data acquisition systems such as the bioPlux and the respiratory analyzer gas systems such as Cosmed K4b2.The data was collected to allow the definition of a model that will be used to estimate the energy expenditure of a subject using a wireless physiological data acquisition system, which is much more comfortable and suitable to monitor physical exercise in everyday use than the standard method that makes use of a respiratory gas analysis system.
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Skibińska, Alina, and Joanna Tokarska-Bakir. "“Barabasz” and the Jews: From the history of the “Wybraniecki” Home Army Partisan Detachment." Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, Holocaust Studies and Materials (February 20, 2013): 13–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32927/zzsim.781.
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The article demonstrates hitherto not described events from the history of the Home Army partisan detachment “Wybraniecki”, which was famous in the Kielce region. It was under command of the legendary Marian Sołtysiak (nom de guerre “Barabasz”), who was at the same time the commanding officer of the Kielce Home Army Sabotage Directorate (Kedyw). Initially, the detachment was a seven-person strong sabotage group. In June 1943 it already had a few dozen members and was quartered in a forest camp. In spring 1944 it was transformed into a partisan detachment, which belonged to the 4th Infantry Regiment of the Home Army Legions and which participated in the Operation Tempest. The events described in the article took place between the autumn of 1943 and spring of 1944, when the detachment’s squads were quartered in a few separate places and met from time to time during the concentrations ordered by the commander. At that time some Jews in hiding were murdered. Among those shot were: the group kept in hiding by the Pole Stefan Sawa (posthumously decorated with the Righteous among the Nations medal) in a cottage near Daleszyce, Michał Ferenc – Zajączków municipality clerk, Roman Olizarowski “Pomsta” – a “Wybraniecki” detachment soldier, who was liquidated after the discovery of his Jewish origin, Izaak Grynbaum from Chęciny and about three Jews hiding in bunkers near Mosty. After the war the following people stood trial: Edward Skrobot, Józef Molenda, Władysław Dziewiór, Mieczysław Szumielewicz and Marian Sołtysiak. The authors reconstruct the facts of those executions, discuss the motivations of the perpetrators and analyze them against the background of the functioning of the underground judiciary, and call into question the validity of some of its sentences. They also discuss the methods and line of defense of the accused ex-partisans.
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Lamm, Alan K. "Guarding Greensboro: A Confederate Company in the Making of a Southern Community, and: Voices from Company D: Diaries by the Greensboro Guards, Fifth Alabama Infantry Regiment, Army of Northern Virginia (review)." Journal of Military History 68, no. 3 (2004): 964–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2004.0123.
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Vogel, Detlef. "Frank van Lunteren, Spearhead of the Fifth Army. The 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment in Italy from the Winter Line to Anzio, Philadelpia, PA, Oxford: Casemate 2016, XIII, 342 S., £ 19.99 [ISBN 978-1-61200-427-3]." Militaergeschichtliche Zeitschrift 76, no. 2 (September 26, 2017): 650–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgzs-2017-0123.
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Keller, Christian B. "August Willich’s Gallant Dutchmen: Civil War Letters from the 32nd Indiana Infantry, and: Long Road to Liberty: The Odyssey of a German Regiment in the Yankee Army, and: Germans in the Civil War: The Letters They Wrote Home (review)." Civil War History 54, no. 2 (2008): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.0.0009.
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Martin, Kevin, Laura Dawson, and Jeffrey Wake. "Cross Sectional Area of the Achilles Tendon in a Prospective Cohort of an Elite Military Population." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 2473011417S0002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011417s000282.
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Category: Ankle, Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: The prevalence of Achilles tendon pathology is common in many sports and daily activities. From ruptures to overuse injuries resulting in tendonopathies, AT dysfunction can result in disability and reduced productively. Continued research that increases our knowledge base of normal Achilles tendon properties can improve our ability to reduce and prevent future AT injuries. In this study, we examined the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the Achilles tendon (AT) at multiple levels in an asymptomatic population of elite American military service members that participate in greater than 20 hours of intense training per week. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study composed of 41 active duty United States Army Rangers. The Rangers are a specialized infantry organization that participates in extensive military training and rigorous combat missions. The service members were voluntarily recruited to participate while deployed in a combat theater. All subjects were members of the Ranger Regiment participating in greater than 20 hours of intense bipedal non-sport weekly training with no history of AT pathology. In a standing position, each subject had bilateral Achilles insertion marked along with additional skin markings made at 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm above the AT insertion. At all four levels, the AT was measured in the coronal and sagittal plains using ultrasound. Results: In 41 subjects, a total of 82 Achilles tendons were examined. The mean age of the cohort was 26 years, 70 inches tall, with a mean weight of 187 pounds. The mean sagittal thickness of the AT at the insertion was 4.3 mm, 2 cm above the insertion is was 4.3 mm, 4 cm above the insertion is was 4.2 mm, and at 6 cm above the insertion it was 4 mm. In the coronal plain was 19.1 mm, 14.3 mm, 13.5 mm, and 14.4 mm respectively. The cross-sectional area was calculated at each respective level: 0.65 cm2, 0.48 cm2, 0.44 cm2 and 0.45 cm2. The non-dominant ankle was slightly larger at each level but was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: These results provide the mean sagittal and coronal diameters of the Achilles tendon as measured by ultrasound throughout the watershed area of a young active adult male population. Our data also suggest that increased non-sport activity may not increase the cross-sectional area of the Achilles tendon. Identifying the normal diameter at multiple levels throughout the most commonly injured area can potentially improve the provider’s ability to identify early disease processes and apply targeted interventions to help slow or prevent progression and possible rupture.
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Tomaszewski, Janusz. "Odrodzenie Wojska Polskiego 1918–1921." Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne 27 (February 20, 2020): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1643-0328.27.13.
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The revival of the Polish Army 1918–1921The Polish Army began to form before the resurrection of the Polish state. After Józef Piłsudski took over the highest positions in the state and army, the pace of organization in the Polish Army quickened. The Chief of State treated this issue as a priority. He believed the strength of the army to be a decisive factor in the real possibilities of the state, and in Polish conditions necessary to win the righteous and safe borders and defend the independent existence of the Republic of Poland. The inflow of new volunteers meant that at the end of 1918 the number was already around 100,000 soldiers. Until then, 39 infantry regiments, 17 regiments and 3 artillery regiments were successfully formed. In 1919, the intensive development of the Polish Army continued. It was a time of dynamic development of its strength, creation of great units — brigades and divisions, unification of organizational structures of sub-units, units and tactical units. There was also a consolidation of all Polish military formations within the armed forces, and the Polish Army was transformed into a regular army. The highest strength of the Polish Army was reached just after the end of the battle in the outskirts of Warsaw, on 1 September 1920, as it numbered 943,976 soldiers. At that time, its composition included, among others: 22 infantry divisions, 3 independent infantry brigades, 9 motorized brigades, 20 field artillery brigades, a mountain artillery brigade, 20 air squadrons.
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Puzanov, Vladimi D. "The russian army in siberia in the 30–50 years of the XVIII century." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University 55, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/21-3/08.
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The reforms of Peter I became the basis for the gradual restructuring of all the military forces of Siberia. The main role in the Russian military cavalry of the Peter's era was played by dragoons. Under Peter I, dragoon regiments were the only type of Russian regular cavalry. In the field army, Peter I ordered the formation of 34 dragoon regiments. In addition, garrison dragoon regiments were formed in the province in the strategically important cities of Azov, Astrakhan, Kazan, and Tobolsk. In the 3050s of the XVIII century, the number of field dragoon regiments of the Russian Empire decreased to 20. In 1744, 3 field dragoon regiments Olonetsky, Vologda and Lutsk, and 2 field infantry regiments Shirvan and Nasheburg were sent to Siberia to protect the region from the Dzungars. By the decree of the Senate of September 29, 1744, all the Russian troops of Siberia were subordinated to the chief commander of the Siberian Corps, who was subordinate to the Military College. Major-General Christian Kinderman was appointed the main commander in Siberia. In March 1756, the Russian army consisted of 3 cuirassiers, 29 dragoons, and 46 infantry regiments, totaling 78 army regiments, with 172,440 men. As a result, during the Seven Years ' War, the number of field dragoon units in Russia decreased by 3 times and by 1763 was only 7 regiments. As a result, if in 1754 the dragoons were 36,627 people (92.6 %), then by 1767 there were only 4,802 people (12.8%) from the Russian cavalry in their ranks.
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Sharma, Jagannath, J. Dixon, S. Dalal, R. Heagerty, and I. Spears. "Musculoskeletal injuries in British Army recruits: a prospective study of incidence in different Infantry Regiments." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 163, no. 6 (November 24, 2017): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2016-000657.
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Спатарь-Козаченко, Татьяна, and Tatyana Spatar-Kozachenko. "Memorial complexes – cultural and historical heritage of future generations." Services in Russia and abroad 9, no. 2 (July 22, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11901.
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The article is devoted to the Great Patriotic War, the Iasi-Chisinau and Uman-Botoshani offensives, the glorious feats of the Soviet sons on the battlefields and in the rear, who were able to save the world from the fascist tyranny. Uman-Botoshani offensive began March 5, 1944. The author tells about this complicated operation, which has resulted to the releasing of southern regions of Right Bank of Ukraine, part of the Moldavian Soviet republic, as a result, the Red Army crossed the Soviet border, entering the territory of the Romanian kingdom. The important role of the Iasi-Kishinev operation is emphasized, which began on August 20, 1944. During these battles was destroyed largest German-Romanian grouping is in this area. The author offers the route visiting of battle glory places in the Republic of Moldova, where the rise on pedestals legendary tanks T-34-85. The monument "Tank" to liberators of northern Beltsy city - battle tank T-34, which was struck in the fighting in the course the Iasi-Kishinev operation. Many defenders of Beltsy became its honorable citizens: Hero of the Soviet Union B. Makeev, twice Hero of the Soviet Union I. Konev, three times Hero of the Soviet Union I. Kozhedub, three times Hero of the Soviet Union A. Pokryshkin. The second memorial is Mound of Glory in Dubossary. Kurgan stands on a man-made T-34. In 1968 from the Dniester River was extracted a fighting machine with the remains of the crew. In Tiraspol at the Memorial of Glory established the T-34-85. It is a monument to the fallen soldiers of the Great Patriotic War. The crew was perished in Hungary. In the Gagauz Comrat city August 22, 1989, was erected on a pedestal of the tank T-34 of the 36th a tank brigade, which has participated in battles for the city. The next point of our route is south of Moldova. Here, at the beginning of the war had taken an unequal battle and had fought heroically the border guards. On the road Cahul - Moscovei erected a monument "Tank", dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the victory over fascism. Between the villages of Leuseni-Onesti is situated a memorial complex with a monument to the Unknown Soldier. In 1941 in this place perished in an unequal battle with the occupiers soldiers of the 161th Moldovan infantry regiment. 25 years later the monument was erected - on top of the mountain on a pedestal stands a legendary machine T-34-85, which a quarter of a century has laid on the bottom of the river Prut. The last point of our route is the village Chinisheuzi in Rezina district. Villagers were initiators of fundraising for the construction of a tank column: from the residents of Moldova collected more than half a million rubles and built column "From Moldova workers." The article tells about the threat of the dismantling of monuments to soldiers-liberators and their protection of citizens of the republic. The silent witnesses of past battles of heroes of the Great Patriotic War are stand on pedestals, reminding for us, the descendants, that we must cherish the historical memory.
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Stranix-Chibanda, Lynda, Camlin Tierney, Mauricio Pinilla, Kathleen George, Jim Aizire, Godwin Chipoka, Macpherson Mallewa, et al. "Effect on growth of exposure to maternal antiretroviral therapy in breastmilk versus extended infant nevirapine prophylaxis among HIV-exposed perinatally uninfected infants in the PROMISE randomized trial." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): e0255250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255250.
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Background Malnutrition is highly prevalent in HIV-exposed perinatally uninfected infants (HEUs) increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality throughout the life course. We set out to compare the effect of postnatal exposure to maternal antiretroviral therapy (mART) in breastmilk versus infant Nevirapine prophylaxis (iNVP) on somatic growth of HEUs in the randomized PROMISE trial. Methods and findings We randomized 2431 mothers with HIV and their 2444 HEUs from six African countries and India 6–14 days after delivery to mART or iNVP for prevention of breastmilk HIV transmission. The mART regimen contained tenofovir/emtricitabine (99%) plus lopinavir/ritonavir. Infant growth parameters were compared at postnatal week 10, 26, 74 and 104 using World Health Organization (WHO) z-scores for length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and head circumference-for-age (HCAZ). Week 26 LAZ was the primary endpoint measure. Student T-tests compared mean LAZ, WAZ, and HCAZ; estimated mean and 95% confidence interval (CI) are presented. Maternal and infant baseline characteristics were comparable between study arms. The estimated median breastfeeding duration was 70 weeks. After a mean follow-up of 88 weeks, mean LAZ and WAZ were below the WHO reference population mean at all timepoints, whereas mean HCAZ was not. The mART and iNVP arms did not differ for the primary outcome measure of LAZ at week 26 (p-value = 0.39; estimated mean difference (95%CI) of -0.05 (-0.18, 0.07)) or any of the other secondary growth outcome measures or timepoints (all p-values≥0.16). Secondary analyses of the primary outcome measure adjusting for week 0 LAZ and other covariates did not change these results (all p-values≥0.09). However, infants assigned to mART were more likely to have stunting compared to iNVP infants at week 26 (odds ratio (95% CI): 1.28 (1.05, 1.57)). Conclusions In HEUs, growth effects from postnatal exposure to mART compared to iNVP were comparable for measures on length, weight and head circumference with no clinically relevant differences between the groups. Despite breastfeeding into the second year of life, length and weight were below reference population means at all ages in both arms. Further investment is needed to optimize postnatal growth of infants born to women with HIV. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01061151.
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Andriainen, S. V. "“Troops without Banners”: History of 5th Infantry Corps of Russian Army during Reign of Nicholas I." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 8 (August 24, 2021): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-8-249-271.
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The history of the 5th Infantry Corps of the Russian Imperial Army in 1831—1853 is considered in the article. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the entire history of the 5th Corps, from the moment of its formation to the beginning of the Crimean War, was carried out. The author notes that the 5th corps solved the widest range of problems. The question is raised that the 5th corps carried out the tasks of the strategic reserve of the Russian Empire on the southern borders. The role of corps units in construction work in the Crimea, participation in the landing forces on the Bosporus, military operations in the Caucasus and Transylvania are analyzed. The author notes that in the early 1830s the corps had a dubious reputation. In particular, the infantry regiments of the fifth corps were accused of “Polish spirit” and cowardice in the battles of the Russian-Polish war of 1830—1831. It is emphasized that the reputation of the corps in the eyes of Emperor Nicholas I was gradually improving. The author claims that since the 1840s, the 5th Corps was already a reliable army unit in the eyes of the emperor. The author argues that the involvement of the “bad reputation” corps in solving strategic problems demonstrates the limited resources of the Russian Empire in the 1830s and 1840s.
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Gorshkov, Dmitriy Igorevich. "Regimental bands of the 1st infantry division of the 1st army corps of Grande Armée during the Russian campaign of 1812." Петербургский исторический журнал, no. 2 (2017): 205–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51255/2311-603x-2017-00054.
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Slisarenko, O. N. "1708 year in the Belarus: an comparative analysis of the three biggest battles blind spots." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-31-39.
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The article is devoted to one of the key moments of the Great Northern war – the campaign of the Swedish king Charles XII to Moscow. The historians of this campaign until now has not come to a consensus about what caused the sudden turn of the Swedish army to the South with a main route to Moscow. In the article on the basis of the analysis of historiographical achievements of recent years, a comparative analysis of military operations that took place on the territory of Belarus in the summer – autumn of 1708. In this period there were three major battles at the crossings of important water boundaries: when Golovchino, Maletichy and Lesnaja. All of them had different outcomes, so it is interesting to analyze in detail the features of these battles. The author believes that the Russian army managed to combine the impact on the Swedish army of different kind of troops: guards infantry, horse dragoon regiments and irregular cavalry (cossacks, kalmyks and tatars). The Russian army tried to weaken the enemy forces by creating difficulties in supply. The main motive for turning to the South of Charles XII was the loss of a military convoy, accompanied by a corps Lewenhaupt. The degree of reliability of the sources covering the events of the Great Northern war on the territory of Belarus in 1708 is analyzed. Based on the method of comparative analysis of sources, the author attempts to restore the real picture of the events. The conclusion is made about deliberate distortion of facts in the official Russian historiography in order to create a positive image of Tsar Peter I and his associates both in the international arena and within the country. The stability of this tradition for a long time is revealed.
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Harka, Ödön. "Combat Support Armament of the Rapid Forces in the Hungarian Royal Defence Forces." Hadtudományi Szemle 14, no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32563/hsz.2021.1.1.
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Besides the combat-arms assets, the rapid troops of the Royal Hungarian Defence Forces also had field artillery (light howitzers), air defence artillery and anti-tank guns. The order of battle of the motorised units required the existence of one (after the autumn of 1941, two) artillery battalion(s) with vehicle-drawn assets for providing combat support. The motorised artillery battalions initially had four batteries with light howitzers, while the armoured divisions had two motorised artillery battalions. There were two artillery battalions with four (six) batteries in the mobilised organisation of the cavalry brigades (division). For ensuring defence against air attacks, vehicle-drawn air defence artillery battalions were introduced in the armoured divisions and the 1st Cavalry Division with one light and one heavy battery. Against tank attacks, there were 4–6 anti-tank guns in service used by each of the anti-tank companies of the infantry and reconnaissance battalions (in the motorised rifle brigades and hussar regiments of the armoured divisions) and the 1st Cavalry Division.
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Geyer, J. Russell, Richard Sposto, Mark Jennings, James M. Boyett, Richard A. Axtell, David Breiger, Emmett Broxson, et al. "Multiagent Chemotherapy and Deferred Radiotherapy in Infants With Malignant Brain Tumors: A Report From the Children’s Cancer Group." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 30 (October 20, 2005): 7621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.09.095.
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Purpose To evaluate response rate, event-free survival (EFS), and toxicity of two chemotherapeutic regimens for treatment of children younger than 36 months with malignant brain tumors and to estimate control intervals without irradiation in children with no residual tumor after initial surgery and induction chemotherapy and with delayed irradiation in patients with residual tumor or metastatic disease at diagnosis. Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to one of two regimens of induction chemotherapy (vincristine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide v vincristine, carboplatin, ifosfamide, and etoposide). Maintenance chemotherapy began after induction in children without progressive disease. Children with no residual tumors after induction therapy and no metastatic disease at diagnosis were not to receive radiation therapy unless their tumors progressed. Results Two hundred ninety-nine infants were enrolled. Forty-two percent of patients responded to induction chemotherapy. At 5 years from study entry, the EFS rate was 27% ± 3%, and the survival rate was 43% ± 3%. There was no significant difference between the two arms in terms of response rate or EFS. For medulloblastoma, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor, ependymoma, and rhabdoid tumors, 5-year EFS rates were 32% ± 5%, 17% ± 6%, and 32% ± 6%, and 14% ± 7%, respectively. Fifty-eight percent of patients who were alive 5 years after study entry had not received radiation therapy. Conclusion Intensified induction chemotherapy resulted in a high response rate of malignant brain tumors in infants. Survival was comparable to that of previous studies, and most patients who survived did not receive radiation therapy.
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Suenobu, So-ichi, Ikuya Usami, Toshihiko Imamura, Hirohide Kawasaki, Keiko Yumura Yagi, Shinichiro Nishimura, Makoto Kaneda, et al. "Continuous Cytarabine Plus Dexamethasone in Consolidation Phase to Patients with Childhood ALL: Result from Japan Association of Childhood Leukemia Study - JACLS ALL02 Protocol -." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2802.2802.
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Abstract <Introduction> Since an excellent outcome was observed in a previous study (OCLSG-94) utilizing continuous cytarabine (CA) infusion in the consolidation phase for the treatment of pediatric B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), a randomization trial was performed to test the superiority of continuous CA infusion to conventional repeated CA injection as consolidation therapy in Japan Association of Childhood Leukemia Study (JACLS) ALL02 clinical trial. <Patients and Methods> Newly diagnosed children with standard-risk (SR) or high-risk (HR) BCP-ALL excluding patients with Ph+ ALL and infants were included in this study. Patients showing prednisolone good response (PGR) were assigned to SR or HR based on the age at onset and initial white blood cell (WBC) counts (SR: age 1 to 9 and WBC less than 10,000 /µL, HR: remaining patients). Patients achieving complete remission (CR) at the end of induction (day 33) proceeded to the randomization. HR patients with M3 marrow on day 15 were excluded. They were randomly assigned to Arm A (cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m(2) 1hr div: day 1 and 8, CA 75 mg/m(2) 1hr div: day 1-6, 8-13 and 6MP 50 mg/m(2) orally, day 1-14) or Arm B (cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m(2) 1hr div: day 1, 3 and 5, CA 100 mg/m(2) 24hr div: day 1-5 and DEX 5 mg/m(2) 1hr div twice a day, day 1-5). Intrathecal chemotherapy (MTX, HDC and CA) was administered twice in this phase in both arms. In the HR group two doses of pirarubicin (25 mg/m (2)) were added and this phase was repeated after re-induction therapy. Estimation of event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the differences were compared using the log-rank test. <Results and Discussion> Between April 2002 and May 2008, 1252 children with newly diagnosed ALL were enrolled to JACLS ALL-02 study. Among these, the number of patients with SR and HR were 388 (arm A=200, arm B=188) and 513 (arm A=251, arm B=257, not assigned=5), respectively. The characteristics of eligible patients between arm A and B were not different statistically (Table). Among SR patients, the 4y-EFS were 89.7 +/- 5.2% and 93.4 +/- 4.7% in Arm A and B, respectively (p=0.70). Among HR patients, the 4y-EFS were 89.7 +/- 5.2% and 90.5 +/- 4.4% in Arm A and B, respectively (p=0.97). Although hematological toxicity was not different, in the next phase (sanctuary phase) following Arm A consolidation therapy the frequencies of hematological grade 3 and 4 adverse effects were higher in both SR and HR (SR: p<0.01 in Hb, WBC, and ANC, p<0.05 in Plt; HR: p<0.01 in Hb, WBC, ANC, and Plt). On the other hand, the frequencies of severe adverse effects of liver dysfunction during consolidation phase were higher in Arm B (SR: p<0.05, HR: p<0.01), although grade 3/4 elevation of AST/ALT were not different. <Conclusions> Consolidation therapy with continuous infusion of CA (Arm B) was not superior to conventional CA regimen. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Jerchel, Isabel S., Alex Q. Hoogkamer, Ingrid M. Ariës, Elisabeth M. P. Steeghs, Judith M. Boer, Nicolle J. M. Besselink, Aurélie Boeree, et al. "RAS Pathway Mutations As Predictive Biomarker for Treatment Adaptation in Pediatric B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 4087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4087.4087.
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Abstract Background Despite significant improvements in the outcome of children with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), therapeutic strategies for high risk and relapsed patients are limited and cause severe side effects. Reliable risk assessment and new therapeutic targets with high specificity are therefore warranted. The RAS pathway is the most frequently mutated pathway in cancer, and the RAF-MEK-ERK kinase axis is crucial for mediating the oncogenic effects of RAS. We and others have previously shown that in pediatric BCP-ALL, RAS pathway mutations can be retrospectively linked to relapse and chemotherapy resistance. However, data on the frequency of (sub-)clonal mutations at diagnosis and hence information about the prognostic relevance at initial diagnosis is lacking. Aim Guide therapy adaptation in pediatric BCP-ALL by evaluating the prognostic relevance of RAS pathway mutations and investigating the sensitivity to MEK inhibition. Methods We performed targeted next-generation sequencing of mutational hotspots in 13 RAS pathway genes to determine the frequency and clonality of RAS pathway mutations in a large, clinically and biologically characterized cohort of BCP-ALL patients. Initial diagnosis samples of 461 patients and 19 matched diagnosis-relapse sets were included. Mutations were considered clonal at ≥25% variant allele frequency, and high coverage allowed detection of subclones with down to 1% variant allele frequency. Clinical outcome was evaluated in 244 patients treated according to a contemporary, minimal residual disease (MRD)-based protocol (DCOG ALL10). The evolution of RAS pathway mutations was studied in 19 matched sets from diagnosis and relapse. Ex vivo sensitivity of RAS pathway mutated cells towards chemotherapeutic agents and trametinib was evaluated in an MTT-based cytotoxicity assay. Results Variants in RAS pathway genes were observed in 44% of initial diagnosis pediatric BCP-ALL cases, mostly affecting NRAS, KRAS, PTPN11, and FLT3. Clonal and subclonal mutations were found in 24% and 20% of patients, respectively. The mutation frequency was highest in high hyperdiploid, infant t(4;11)-positive, BCR-ABL1-like, and B-other cases (50-70%), whereas mutations were rare in ETV6-RUNX1-positive (27%), TCF3-PBX1-positive (8%) and BCR-ABL1-positive cases (4%). In matched diagnosis-relapse sets, clonal mutations at diagnosis were preserved at relapse, whereas the kinetics of subclones was variable. Interestingly, most RAS pathway mutations at relapse were clonal and exclusive. Cells carrying RAS pathway mutations, especially KRAS G13 mutations, were more often ex vivo resistant to prednisolone and vincristine. No association was found with ex vivo response to daunorubicine, L-asparaginase, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine. Mutant primary leukemic cells were ex vivo sensitive to the MEK-inhibitor trametinib. In addition, trametinib could enhance the cytotoxic effect of prednisolone ex vivo. In DCOG-ALL10 and COALL-97/-03 patients with clonal but not subclonal mutations, MRD levels tended to be more often high compared to wildtype cases (31% vs. 19%, p=0.057), while other risk factors (age, gender, white blood cell count, CNS, prednisone response) where not different. Event-free survival was lower in the standard risk and high risk arms of the DCOG ALL10 protocol (69% vs. 96%, p=0.027 and 56% vs. 100%, p=0.015, respectively). Conclusions Collectively, analysis of 461 diagnostic BCP-ALL patient samples identified RAS pathway mutations in 44% of patients, and one out of four carried a clonal mutation. MRD was the only risk factor associated with clonal RAS pathway mutations. MRD is essential to treatment stratification in many contemporary protocols, such as the DCOG ALL10 protocol, where only patients with negative MRD after induction courses are treated with a reduced regimen (standard risk arm). Given their unfavorable event-free survival, therapy should be adapted for mutated patients in future protocols. Since treatment intensification is not feasible for high risk or relapsed cases, addition of MEK inhibitors may be of benefit especially because they enhance the cytotoxicity of prednisolone. RAS pathway mutation status may therefore serve as biomarker to select patients for MEK-inhibitor treatment in new treatment protocols for children with BCP-ALL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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"Black soldier, white army: the 24th Infantry Regiment in Korea." Choice Reviews Online 35, no. 01 (September 1, 1997): 35–0451. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.35-0451.
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"From Huntsville to Appomattox: R.T. Coles's history of 4th Regiment, Alabama Volunteer Infantry, C.S.A., Army of Northern Virginia." Choice Reviews Online 34, no. 02 (October 1, 1996): 34–1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.34-1134.
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Nećak, Dušan. "Prelom za prizadeto lokalno prebivalstvo: potres v Brežicah 29. januarja 1917." Studia Historica Slovenica 18 (2018), no. 2 (October 30, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.32874/shs.2018-15.
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Category: 1.01 Original scientific paper Language: Original in Slovenian (Abstract in Slovenian and English, Summary in English) Key words: First World War, Brežice earthquake and its surroundings, January 29, 1917, restoration of earthquake zone, collection of funds for reconstruction, Aleksander Tornquist, Franciscan monastery Excerpt: Towards the end of the First World War, in the middle of winter, on January 29, 1917, Brežice and its surroundings was devastated by a severe earthquake, one of the worst in recent Slovenian history. Written exclusively on the basis of primary archival sources, this paper speaks of the suffering of the local population brought about by this natural disaster, of the difficult restoration of the affected area, of collection of resources for the affected population, and the response of local, provincial and state authorities, including the Habsburg dynasty, to the situation. It especially touches on the role and importance of military authorities (e.g. the Fifth Army, or the replacement battalion of the 87th infantry regiment), which were, in wartimes, the only authorities in charge of helping the affected population. Additionally, this paper highlights the field work of one of the most important seismologist in the monarchy at the time, Prof. Dr. Aleksander Tornquist, and the problem of restoration of the completely collapsed Franciscan monastery in Brežice.
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Ramonas, Gintaras. "Cultural Activities of the Plungė Garrison, 1934–1940." Lituanistica 64, no. 1 (May 4, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/lituanistica.v64i1.3694.
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The 4th Artillery Regiment and the 6th Infantry Regiment of Duke Margis of Pilėnai were relocated to Plungė as part of the efforts to strengthen the defensive capacities of Lithuania’s western territory. At first, soldiers were quartered in the buildings situated in Plungė park and later moved to the newly-built barracks. Therefore, the major aim of the article is to reveal the input of the garrison soldiers into the cultural life of Plungė as well as to contribute to the research on the topic which so far has been little studied. The article shows how the park was reorganised to adjust the new space to life and military functions, and how it was set up for the purposes of culture and free time of the army and the townspeople. It provided an opportunity to actively engage in exercise in a partly-closed space for the town dwellers and to take part in various events for the military. The park also hosted various celebrations of public holidays, summer outdoor parties for young people known as gegužinė, orchestra performances, and even served as a stage for soldiers performing songs. The garrison’s military brass band was popular and well-known in Plungė and the neighbouring towns and villages. The band would play on the occasion of seeing off and meeting soldiers; it would also perform during city festivals and gegužinė outdoor parties, thus becoming an inseparable part of the town’s cultural life. Soldiers would hold the celebrations of the Lithuanian Armed Forces, show jumping events and Military and Public Days during which they would organise parades, horse shows to the public as well as demonstrate their military preparedness. The garrison soldiers staged plays, delivered lectures to local residents and even had their own reading-room. Wearing a full-dress uniform, the regiment soldiers would attend religious and town festivals. The article shows that through involvement of the public in cultural activities, celebration of public holidays, and promotion of patriotic and civic spirit in society, the garrison became an important factor in the provincial life of independent Lithuania, which did not only have a significant influence on the town of Plungė but also earned respect among its residents.
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RDH, Heagerty. "Musculoskeletal Injuries in British Army Recruits: A Retrospective Study of Incidence and Training Outcome in Different Infantry Regiments." International Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine 3, no. 5 (October 31, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.23937/2469-5718/1510071.
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Montepiedra, Grace, Soyeon Kim, Adriana Weinberg, Gerhard Theron, Timothy R. Sterling, Sylvia M. LaCourse, Sarah Bradford, et al. "Using a composite maternal-infant outcome measure in tuberculosis prevention studies among pregnant women." Clinical Infectious Diseases, November 4, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1674.
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Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) among pregnant women reduces the risk of TB in mothers and infants, but the timing of initiation should consider potential adverse effects. We propose an analytical approach to evaluate the risk-benefit of interventions. Methods A novel outcome measure that prioritizes maternal and infant events was developed with a two-stage Delphi survey, where a panel of stakeholders assigned scores from 0 (best) to 100 (worst) based on perceived desirability. Using data from TB APPRISE, a trial among pregnant women living with HIV (WLWH) that randomized the timing of initiation of isoniazid, antepartum versus postpartum, was evaluated. Results The composite outcome scoring/ranking system categorized mother-infant paired outcomes into 8 groups assigned identical median scores by stakeholders. Maternal/infant TB and non-severe adverse pregnancy outcome were assigned similar scores. The mean (SD) composite outcome scores were 43.7 (33.0) and 41.2 (33.7) in the antepartum and postpartum TPT initiation arms, respectively. However, a modifying effect of baseline antiretroviral regimen was detected (p=0.049). When women received nevirapine composite scores were higher (worse outcomes) in the antepartum versus postpartum arms (adjusted difference=14.3; 95% CI: 2.4 – 26.2; p=0.02), whereas when women received efavirenz there was no difference by timing of TPT (adjusted difference=0.62; 95%CI: -3.2 to 6.2; p=0.53). Conclusions For TPT, when used by otherwise healthy persons, preventing adverse events is paramount from the perspective of stakeholders. Among pregnant WLWH in high TB burden regions, it is important to consider the antepartum antiretroviral regimen taken when deciding when to initiate TPT.
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"The contribution of the Irish soldier to the British Army during the Peninsula campaign 1808 – 1814." Journal of Military History and Defence Studies, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33232/jmhds.1.1.11.
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The majority of the historiography concerning the Irish contribution to the British army during their campaign on the Iberian Peninsula (1808 -1814) has focused on the Irish regiments and their service with Wellington in Portugal, Spain and France. While the significance of research into these regiments is undeniable it has unintentionally resulted in an under appreciation of the true extent of the Irish soldier’s contribution. The purpose of this paper is to add to the existing historiography by examining the wider Irish contribution in order to arrive at an empirical based assessment as to the criticality of the Irish soldier to Wellington’s victory during the Peninsula war. The majority of Irish soldiers who served in the Peninsula did so in English and Scottish infantry regiments. Their abilities and crucially their integration into the British army were key success factors for Wellington during the Peninsula campaign. An examination of how this was achieved forms a key part of this paper which finds that the capabilities of the Irish soldier and the British army organisational structure and system mutually supported each other. Furthermore, the Irish officer’s contribution has only been assessed based on individual accounts and narratives in the absence of any in-depth evaluation of their actual numbers. With over 30 per cent of Wellington’s officers being Irish an analysis of their levels of command was undertaken to demonstrate their significance to the overall conduct and operation of the Peninsula army. To fully understand the Irish soldier’s contribution an assessment of their combat effectiveness building on the preceding quantitative findings and utilising modern concepts of combat motivation and behaviours was undertaken. The findings indicate that while the Irish soldier’s contribution was much wider and central to victory in 1814 than is generally appreciated or understood, the British army of the period recognised its importance and, despite popular misperceptions, did not at an institutional level seek to discriminate against the Irish soldier. The paper concludes that Irish soldiers were of critical importance to British victory not only in terms of their numbers but also due to their successful integration into the wider British army outside of Irish regiments, their presence in large numbers at all levels of command and their overall combat effectiveness. Without this contribution it can be argued that British victory would not have been achieved in the Peninsula.
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Kebaya, Lilian M. N., Dalton Wamalwa, Nyambura Kariuki, Bashir Admani, Philip Ayieko, and Ruth Nduati. "Efficacy of Mobile phone use on adherence to Nevirapine prophylaxis and retention in care among the HIV-exposed infants in prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV: a randomized controlled trial." BMC Pediatrics 21, no. 1 (April 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02660-w.
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Abstract Background HIV is a major contributor to infant mortality. A significant gap remains between the uptake of infant and maternal antiretroviral regimens and only a minority of HIV-exposed infants receives prophylaxis and safe infant feeding. Losses to follow-up of HIV-exposed infants are associated with shortcomings of facility-based PMTCT models with weak community support of linkages. Use of mobile phones offers an opportunity for improving care and promoting retention assessed by timely attendance of scheduled appointments for the mother-baby pairs and achievement of an HIV-free generation. The objective of this study was to compare self-reported adherence to infant Nevirapine (NVP) prophylaxis and retention in care assessed by timely attendance of scheduled appointments over 10 weeks in HIV exposed infants randomized to 2-weekly mobile phone calls (intervention) versus no phone calls (control). Methods In this open label randomized controlled study, one hundred and fifty HIV infected women drawn from 3 health facilities in Western Kenya and their infants were randomly assigned to receive either phone-based reminders on PMTCT messages or standard health care messages (no calls) within 24 h of delivery. Women in the intervention arm continued to receive fortnightly phone calls. At 6- and 10-weeks following randomization we collected data on infant adherence to Nevirapine, mode of infant feeding, early HIV testing and retention in care in both study arms. All analyses were intention to treat. Results At 6 weeks follow-up, 90.7% (n = 68) of participants receiving phone calls reported adherence to infant NVP prophylaxis, compared with 72% (n = 54) of participants in the control group (p = 0.005). Participants in the intervention arm were also significantly more likely to remain in care than participants in the control group [78.7% (n = 59) vs. 58.7% (n = 44), p = 0.009 at 6 weeks and 69.3% (n = 52) vs. 37.3% (n = 28), p < 0.001 at 10 weeks]. Conclusions These results suggest that phone calls are potentially an important tool to improve adherence to infant NVP prophylaxis and retention in care for HIV-exposed infants. Trial registration PACTR202007654729602. Registered 6 June 2018 - Retrospectively registered, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=3449
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Sharma, Jagannath, Sharma J, Clayton JC, and Heagerty RDH. "Musculoskeletal Injuries in British Army Recruits: A Retrospective Study of Incidence and Training Outcome in Different Infantry Regiments Over Five Consecutive Training Years." International Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 05, no. 06 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-9096.1000440.
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