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1
Shrestha, Khagendra Bahadur. "Hepatitis E in the Royal Nepal Army and the Kathmandu Valley." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 3 (September 9, 2000): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v3i0.21440.
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Feis, William B. "Neutralizing the Valley: The Role of Military Intelligence in the Defeat of Jubal Early's Army of the Valley, 1864-1865." Civil War History 39, no. 3 (1993): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1993.0047.
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Chan, Ebby Waqqash Mohamad, Mohamad Shariff A. Hamid, Faridzal Harrymen Mohd Din, Rozali Ahmad, Ali Md Nadzalan, and Eliza Hafiz. "Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain among Malaysian army personnel stationed in Klang Valley." Biomedical Human Kinetics 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2019-0002.
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Abstract Study aim: The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and explore possible factors associated with LBP among Malaysian army personnel deployed in Klang Valley in the year 2018. Material and methods: A self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic data, occupational background, occupational exposure and LBP evaluation was used in this study. A total of 330 respondents participated in this study and 321 (97%) of them completed and returned the questionnaires. Results: One hundred and fifty-seven respondents complained of LBP, giving a prevalence of 48.9%. LBP was found to be associated with smoking status, history of LBP, history of accident, military rank, category of regiment, lifting weights, pushing weights, pulling weights and job-related physical activity. Logistic regression analysis identified four associated risk factors of LBP: history of accident (OR = 4.42, 95% 2.29-8.55), history of LBP (OR=1.92, 95% 1.11-3.31), combat regiment (OR = 1.97, 95% 1.14-3.42) and high job-related physical activity (OR = 2.35, 95% 1.31-4.20). Conclusion: Almost half of Malaysian army personnel stationed in Klang Valley reported LBP symptoms. Smoking status, history of LBP, history of accident, junior non-commissioned officers (NCOs), combat regiments, manual handling of objects and moderate/high job-related physical activity are associated with LBP, but there is no evidence of a temporal relationship in the current study. Further exploration with a longitudinal study is needed to identify a cause and effect relationship between occupational exposure and LBP among Malaysian army personnel.
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Smith, Gene A. "The Road to Valley Forge: How Washington Built the Army that Won the Revolution." History: Reviews of New Books 33, no. 3 (January 2005): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2005.10526565.
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Trautmann, Thomas R. "Megasthenes on the Military Livestock of Chandragupta and the Making of the First Indian Empire." Comparative Studies in Society and History 63, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 339–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417521000074.
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AbstractMegasthenes was an eyewitness to the reign of Chandragupta Maurya, maker of the first India-wide empire (from ca. 321 BCE). The army with which he made that empire depended largely upon the supply of men, horses, elephants, and oxen, a sector which may be called military livestock. Megasthenes’ account of this large sector of government expense and the policies under which it operated gives important testimony about the causes of Chandragupta's success, namely the maintenance of a royal monopoly of horses, elephants, and arms, payment of the soldiers in peacetime and war, the demilitarization of the farmers, and the separation of the soldiers from the land. Over the long run of Indian history, from the Mauryan Empire to the present, the environmental roots of the political order lay in the complementary distribution of horse and elephant country, to the dry west and humid east of a line running down the middle of the Subcontinent; that is, respectively, the valleys of the Indus and the Ganga. The dominating power of India has always had its capital in elephant country, the valley of the Ganga, in cities from Pataliputra (Patna) to Kanauj to Delhi, in a position from which to control the eastward flow of horses and the westward flow of elephants to other states.
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Adams, Kevin, and Khal Schneider. ""Washington is a Long Way Off": The "Round Valley War" and the Limits of Federal Power on a California Indian Reservation." Pacific Historical Review 80, no. 4 (November 1, 2011): 557–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2011.80.4.557.
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In 1887 the Office of Indian Affairs requested that the Army evict the handful of white trespassers who claimed over 90 percent of the Round Valley Reservation in Northern California. The trespassers turned to local courts to block their evictions, and a county judge dispatched the Mendocino County sheriff to arrest the federal officer who persisted with his orders. The ensuing "Round Valley War" shows that, although elites associated with Indian affairs took federal supremacy on Indian Reservations for granted, and while historians have also tended to treat the West, and "Indian Country" in particular, as a domain where federal prerogatives reigned supreme, in the aftermath of the Civil War anti-statism and Democratic localism presented effective counterclaims to the coercive power of the federal state.
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Holle, Chas G. "SEDIMENTATION AT THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v2.10.
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Sedimentation it the mouth of the Mississippi River is a phenomenon that has been under study by the Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, during the past 120 years. The primary objective in these investigations has been the determination of the most economical method of maintaining required navigation depths through the Mississippi River Passes for oceangoing vessels that serve the Ports of New Orleans, Baton Rouge, and indirectly the vast Mississippi Valley river traffic.
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Shy, John W. "The Road to Valley Forge: How Washington Built the Army That Won the Revolution (review)." Journal of Military History 69, no. 2 (2005): 549–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2005.0127.
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Beal, Richard H. "The Location of Cilician Ura." Anatolian Studies 42 (December 1992): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642951.
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Much has been written about the city of Ura in southern Anatolia, which was important in both the Bronze and the Iron Ages. Nevertheless, no fully satisfactory location for Ura has yet been proposed.The primary text for locating Ura is the Neriglissar Chronicle. This records:“Appuašu, king of Pirindu mustered his [large] army and set out to plunder and sack Syria (ebir nāri). Neriglissar mustered his army and marched to Ḫume to oppose him. In anticipation of him (i.e. Neriglissar) (lāmišu), Appuašu placed the army and cavalry which he had assembled in a mountain valley in ambush. (When) Neriglissar reached them he inflicted a defeat upon them (and) conquered the large army. He captured his army and numerous horses. He pursued Appuašu for a distance of fifteen double-hours (bēru) through difficult mountains, where men must walk in single file, as far as Ura° his royal city. When(?) he reached it, he seized Ura° and sacked it. When he had marched for a distance of six double hours through rough mountains and difficult passes from Ura° to Kirši—his forefathers' royal city—he captured Kirši, the mighty city, his royal city. He burnt its walls, its palace and its people. Pitusu, a mountain in the midst of the ocean, and six-thousand combat troops stationed therein, he captured by means of ships. He destroyed its city and captured its people. In that same year he started fires from the pass of Sallune to the border of Lydia.”
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Haq, Inamul. "Kashmir Conflict and the Advent of Torture: An Overview." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 1, no. 1 (April 25, 2020): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v1i1.9.
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Modern states have built burgeoning detention facilities like immigration centers, prisons and police cells that engage in torture and other cruel, inhuman treatments. The law enforcement agencies engage in torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment in the name of counter- terrorism, security threats and soon. The state uses torture and makes it clear that enhanced interrogation techniques makes a person from kidnapping to extra-ordinary rendition, from citizen to unlawful enemy combatant and from human to terrorist. The valley of Kashmir faces torture and other cruel inhuman treatments since insurgency began in 1990’s, with violent uprising and have elicited terrorism. Methods like torture is used as a tool of counter- insurgency by Indian security forces. The government of India used all efforts to crush the movement of self- determination of Kashmir. The strong response from India violates the human rights and international humanitarian laws. The law enforcement agencies, army and para- military forces have engaged in reprisal attacks against civilians resulting in indiscriminate firing, search operations, gang-rapes and burning of houses in the valley. After 1990, the situation in the Kashmir valley deteriorated and Kashmir was declared a disturbed area and laws like Disturbed Area Act (DAA) 1990, Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) 1990 and Public Safety Act (PSA) 1978 were imposed. The purpose of the paper is to examine the concept of Torture in Kashmir valley and bring to light the plight of the victims in the valley.
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Paletta, Christian. "733 From the Trenches of War to the Bedside of Civilians: Joseph E. Murray MD FACS and the Contributions of Military Surgeons to Advances in Burn Care." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S198—S199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.316.
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Abstract Introduction Significant advances in medical and surgical care have often originated from our experience caring for those wounded on the battlefield. The year of the ABA’s 52nd annual meeting marks the 30th anniversary of the selection of Joseph E. Murray MD FACS as recipient of the 1990 Nobel Prize in Medicine. Methods In his autobiography Surgery of the Soul: Reflections on a Curious Career, Dr. Murray credits a 22 year old US Army aviator named Charles Woods with guiding him into an emerging field of transplantation surgery. On December 23, 1944, Woods sustained burns over 70% of his body in an accident during takeoff while teaching another pilot at his Army Air Corps base in India. Woods survived and eventually was transferred back to the US where came under of the care of a young 25 year old surgeon named Joseph Murray. Results Like many young surgeons of his era, Dr. Murray joined the military service during WWII. Dr. Murray had just completed his internship at Peter Bent Brigham in Boston in September 1944 when he was assigned to Valley Forge General Hospital in Phoenixville, PA. Valley Forge was one of eight regional US Army hospitals created during WWII dedicated to plastic surgery and burn care. It was during his care for soldiers wounded in battle at this time in his early formative years that Dr. Murray developed his curiosity regarding tissue transplantation. Following military service, he completed his surgical training in Boston and New York City, and returned to the Brigham in July 1951. His military service caring for burn victims instilled a passion and curiosity regarding transplantation of human tissue. This culminated in his leading a team to perform the first human kidney transplantation on December 23, 1954...exactly 10 years to the day after the airplane crash that injured Charlie Woods. Conclusions Recognizing his dedication and accomplishments in the field of transplantation surgery, the Nobel selection committee awarded Dr. Murray thirty-six years later it’s Prize in Medicine. Applicability of Research to Practice Dr. Murray’s legacy which began during his care of soldiers during WWII offers an inspiration to all those caring for patients who have sustained burn injuries.
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Rubtsov, S. M. "The Defeat of Marc Macrinius Vindex. To the History of the Marcomannic Wars in the Middle Danube." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 2(118) (June 4, 2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2021)2-09.
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The article is devoted to the military action of the Roman Empire in the Middle-Danube valley in the early spring 170 year 2-nd centuries A.D. The main aim of this article consists in reconstruction one of the important events in Roman wars against the Germans tribe marcomanni, who lived on the territory of modern-day Czechia (ancient Boygemia). The author uses the analytical and comparative methods, analyzing the historical works of Roman authors and epigraphic facts. One of the main new aspects of article consists in chronology of events. The author tries to prove that defeat of Roman army and death of praefectus Marc Macrinius Vindex took place at the same time in early spring 170 year 2-nd centuries A.D.. This defeat had the important influence on the other military operations in the next time. Marcomanni and his allies seriously threatened the Roman province of Pannonia situated on the right bank of the Danube. The emperor Marcus Aurelius (161 — 180 A.D) waged several wars against the marcomanni and their allies quadi in 167 — 180 A.D. In winter 169 A.D. Marcus Aurelius became the sole emperor. He came back in Carnuntum in Upper Pannonia and began to complete the army for the offensive against marcomanni. The legatus Augusti Marc Macrinius Avitus Catonius Vindex with vexillationes of five Pannonia's legions and a few auxiliums forced a crossing the Danube in the early spring 170 A.D. Marcomanni defeated the Roman army and killed the legatus Augusti. The Germans captivated many soldiers from legions and auxiliums, burned several war-camps in Upper and Lower Pannonias. They reached the borders of the North Italy and besieged the Aquileja again. The author comes to the conclusion, that in result of the defeat of Marc Macrinius Vindex the Roman troops in the Middle and Lower Danube stood on the defensive.
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Reuss, Martin. "Engineers, Science, and the Public Interest: Water Resources Planning in the Atchafalaya Basin." Journal of Policy History 3, no. 3 (July 1991): 282–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600006308.
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The work of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the Atchafalaya (Uh-CHAFF-a-LIE-uh) Basin in southern Louisiana is an especially revealing example of the problems facing government agencies trying to balance conflicting economic and environmental demands. The basin contains precious wetlands and wildlife and major economic resources such as oil, gas, timber, and fish. It is also the center of one of the most hydrologically dynamic areas in the world. For the Corps, the basin serves as a vital part of the flood-control system for the entire lower Mississippi Valley. The problem was to reconcile this purpose with the continuing need for resource exploitation and increased concern for protecting the environment. In the Atchafalaya Basin, science proved its limitations and the art of politics its worth. This was a natural laboratory that taught engineers and environmentalists alike.
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Cheng, Lin-Wen, and Cheng-Ku Yu. "Investigation of Orographic Precipitation over an Isolated, Three-Dimensional Complex Topography with a Dense Gauge Network, Radar Observations, and Upslope Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 76, no. 11 (October 17, 2019): 3387–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0005.1.
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Abstract This study uses a dense rain gauge network, radar observations, and an upslope model to document the detailed aspects of precipitation over Da-Tun Mountain (DT) of northern Taiwan under prevailing northeasterly monsoonal flow. DT is one of the most concentrated areas of heavy rainfall in Taiwan, with a size of ~15 km and a terrain peak of ~1 km (MSL), and it constitutes a concave ridge with two windward ridge arms that encompass a funnel-shaped valley. Twenty-one rainfall events identified over DT from January 2011 to February 2015 are chosen for analysis. More than half of the studied cases exhibit two local maxima of rainfall over the ridge arms, and asymmetric characteristics between these two maxima are evident. The other frequent rainfall pattern, observed as upstream winds are more from the east-northeast, is characterized by a local maximum of precipitation inside the valley. Analyses from the upslope model confirm that the occurrence of the windward maxima of rainfall is primarily caused by upslope lifting, and their asymmetric characteristics are closely related to the difference in the azimuthal variations of slope steepness between the two ridge arms. The observed characteristics of rainfall intensities inside the valley, however, cannot be well described by the upslope model. It is found that the lateral flow confluence induced by the deflected flows over the ridge arms may play an essential role in intensifying upslope-forced precipitation within the valley. This effect emerges as upstream winds are roughly parallel to the central axis of funneling regions located between the ridge arms.
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Won, Sungyong, Tetsuro Ikegami, C. J. Peters, and Shinji Makino. "NSm Protein of Rift Valley Fever Virus Suppresses Virus-Induced Apoptosis." Journal of Virology 81, no. 24 (October 3, 2007): 13335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01238-07.
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ABSTRACT Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a member of the genus Phlebovirus within the family Bunyaviridae. It can cause severe epidemics among ruminants and fever, myalgia, a hemorrhagic syndrome, and/or encephalitis in humans. The RVFV M segment encodes the NSm and 78-kDa proteins and two major envelope proteins, Gn and Gc. The biological functions of the NSm and 78-kDa proteins are unknown; both proteins are dispensable for viral replication in cell cultures. To determine the biological functions of the NSm and 78-kDa proteins, we generated the mutant virus arMP-12-del21/384, carrying a large deletion in the pre-Gn region of the M segment. Neither NSm nor the 78-kDa protein was synthesized in arMP-12-del21/384-infected cells. Although arMP-12-del21/384 and its parental virus, arMP-12, showed similar growth kinetics and viral RNA and protein accumulation in infected cells, arMP-12-del21/384-infected cells induced extensive cell death and produced larger plaques than did arMP-12-infected cells. arMP-12-del21/384 replication triggered apoptosis, including the cleavage of caspase-3, the cleavage of its downstream substrate, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and activation of the initiator caspases, caspase-8 and -9, earlier in infection than arMP-12. NSm expression in arMP-12-del21/384-infected cells suppressed the severity of caspase-3 activation. Further, NSm protein expression inhibited the staurosporine-induced activation of caspase-8 and -9, demonstrating that other viral proteins were dispensable for NSm's function in inhibiting apoptosis. RVFV NSm protein is the first identified Phlebovirus protein that has an antiapoptotic function.
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Grey, Jeffrey. ":On Shaggy Ridge: The Australian Seventh Division in the Ramu Valley Campaign: From Kaiapit to the Finisterres.(The Australian Army History Series.)." American Historical Review 110, no. 3 (June 2005): 781–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.110.3.781.
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Elliott, Steven. "Hills, Huts, and Horse-Teams: The New Jersey Environment and Continental Army Winter Encampments, 1778-1780." New Jersey Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v3i1.67.
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<p><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: medium;">New Jersey’s role as a base for the Continental Army during the War of Independence has played an important part in the state’s understanding of its role in the American Revolution, and continues to shape the state’s image as the “Cockpit of the Revolution,” and “Crossroads of the American Revolution” today. This article uncovers how and why the Continental Army decided to place the bulk of its forces in northern New Jersey for two consecutive winters during the war. </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Unlike the more renowned Valley Forge winter quarters, neither New Jersey encampment has received significant scholarly attention, and most works that have covered the topic have presumed the state’s terrain offered obvious strategic advantages for an army on the defensive.</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">This article offers a new interpretation, emphasizing the army’s logistical needs including forage for its animals and timber supplies for constructing winter shelters.</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">The availability of these resources, rather than easily defended rough terrain or close-proximity to friendly civilians, led Washington and his staff to make northern New Jersey its mountain home for much of the war.</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">By highlighting the role of the environment in shaping military strategy, this article adds to our understanding of New Jersey’s crucial role in the American struggle for independence.</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></em></p>
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Martens-Czarnecka, Małgorzata. "The Christian Nubia and the Arabs." Studia Ceranea 5 (December 30, 2015): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.05.08.
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Nubia constituted the area in the Nile Valley in the present day Sudan, the area which spread from the first cataract up to the place where the White Nile meets the Blue Nile. The area was inhabited by the population using a common language – Old Nubian. In the second half of the sixth century thanks to the missions send by the Byzantine Court, Nubia accepted Christianity as a state religion. Nubia immediately found itself in the area of influence of Byzantine culture. Byzantine administration, liturgy of the Eastern Church and the Greek language were introduced. In 641 the Arab conquest of Egypt took place. Soon after that in 642, the Arab army entered the Nubian territory and from this date centuries of clashes and peace treaties characterized relations between Nubians and Arab peoples. The 13th century marks slow decline of the kingdom of Nubia. Hostile Negro tribes from the South and South-West appear in the Mid Valley of Nile. Fights weaken the kingdom; slow islamization of the country follows, royal rule and Christian faith falls and together with those culture and arts deteriorates. The history of military as well as political or commercial Nubian-Arabic contacts over entire period of existence of Christian kingdom of Nubia undoubtedly had to bring about certain artistic trends in Nubia originating from rich heritage of Muslim culture. The culture of Christian Nubia originally based to considerable extent on Byzantine art, in course of time, subjected to more and more intense Arabic influence, significantly changed. Arabic components seen in Nubian church architecture, wall painting and art crafts became predominant, which over following centuries led to creation of Arabic culture of the contemporary Sudan.
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Menéndez Blanco, Andrés, Jesús García Sánchez, José Manuel Costa-García, João Fonte, David González-Álvarez, and Víctor Vicente García. "Following the Roman Army between the Southern Foothills of the Cantabrian Mountains and the Northern Plains of Castile and León (North of Spain): Archaeological Applications of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Tools." Geosciences 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10120485.
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Sixty-six new archaeological sites have been discovered thanks to the combined use of different remote sensing techniques and open access geospatial datasets (mainly aerial photography, satellite imagery, and airborne LiDAR). These sites enhance the footprint of the Roman military presence in the northern fringe of the River Duero basin (León, Palencia, Burgos and Cantabria provinces, Spain). This paper provides a detailed morphological description of 66 Roman military camps in northwestern Iberia that date to the late Republic or early Imperial eras. We discuss the different spatial datasets and GIS tools used for different geographic contexts of varied terrain and vegetation. Finally, it stresses out the relevance of these novel data to delve into the rationale behind the Roman army movements between the northern Duero valley and the southern foothills of the Cantabrian Mountains. We conclude that methodological approaches stimulated by open-access geospatial datasets and enriched by geoscientific techniques are fundamental to understand the expansion of the Roman state in northwestern Iberia during the 1st c. BC properly. This renewed context set up a challenging scenario to overcome traditional archaeological perspectives still influenced by the cultural-historical paradigm and the pre-eminence of classical written sources.
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Aalto, K. R. "Edwin James' and John Hinton's revisions of Maclure's geologic map of the United States." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 3, no. 1 (March 14, 2012): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-3-75-2012.
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Abstract. William Maclure's pioneering geologic map of the eastern United States, published first in 1809 with Observations on the Geology of the United States, provided a foundation for many later maps – a template from which geologists could extend their mapping westward from the Appalachians. Edwin James, botanist, geologist and surgeon for the 1819/1820 United States Army western exploring expedition under Major Stephen H. Long, published a full account of this expedition with map and geologic sections in 1822–1823. In this he extended Maclure's geology across the Mississippi Valley to the Colorado Rockies. John Howard Hinton (1791–1873) published his widely read text: The History and Topography of the United States in 1832, which included a compilations of Maclure's and James' work in a colored geologic map and vertical sections. All three men were to some degree confounded in their attempts to employ Wernerian rock classification in their mapping and interpretations of geologic history, a common problem in the early 19th Century prior to the demise of Neptunist theory and advent of biostratigraphic techniques of correlation. However, they provided a foundation for the later, more refined mapping and geologic interpretation of the eastern United States.
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Aydal, Sabri, Stephen Mitchell, Thurstan Robinson, and Lutgarde Vandeput. "The Pisidian Survey 1995: Panemoteichos and Ören Tepe." Anatolian Studies 47 (December 1997): 141–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642904.
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The site of the southern Pisidian city of Panemoteichos was located by a fortunate discovery in 1993. Excavations to lay the foundations of a new mosque at Boğazköy, a village close to the southern boundary of Burdur vilayet one kilometre east of the Burdur-Antalya highway, exposed a quantity of cut limestone blocks and two Greek inscriptions, one a dedication to the emperor Septimius Severus, the other a mid 3rd century A.D. statue base in honour of C. Iulius Sempronius Visellius, who had served in the Roman army and risen to become high-priest of the emperors in his local community, which the text named as ὁ δῆμοs ὁ Πανεμοτειχειτῶν. Four fragments of the statue itself, including the head, were also recovered. The find thus resolved a long-standing problem of Pisidian topography. Panemoteichos was located at the north-east edge of the highland valley (ancient Greek aulôn), which begins at the narrow pass traversed by the modern highway (the boğaz of Boğazköy) and extends to the Çubuk boğaz to the south (see map, Fig. 1). At the same time a rapid reconnaissance of the hill east of the village revealed fortifications and numerous other remains of an ancient settlement (Pl. XVII a).
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Sattar, Ahmed M. A., Hossein Bonakdari, Bahram Gharabaghi, and Artur Radecki-Pawlik. "Hydraulic Modeling and Evaluation Equations for the Incipient Motion of Sandbags for Levee Breach Closure Operations." Water 11, no. 2 (February 6, 2019): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020279.
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Open channel levees are used extensively in hydraulic and environmental engineering applications to protect the surrounding area from inundation. However, levees may fail to produce an unsteady flow that is inherently three dimensional. Such a failure may lead to a destructive change in morphology of the river channel and valley. To avoid such a situation arising, hydraulic laboratory modeling was performed on an open channel levee breach model capturing velocity, in x, y and z plans, at selected locations in the breach. Sandbags of various shapes and sizes are tested for incipient motion by the breach flow. We found that a prism sandbag has a better hydrodynamic characteristic and more stability than spherical bags with the same weight. Experimental results are then used to evaluate existing empirical equations and to develop more accurate equations for predicting critical flow velocity at the initial stage of sandbag motion. Results showed the superior predictions a few of the equations could be considered with an uncertainty range of ±10%. These equations explained the initial failed attempts of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) for breach closure of the case study, and confirmed the experimental results are simulating the case study of breach closure.
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Vidal Encinas, Julio Manuel, José Manuel Costa García, David González Álvarez, and Andrés Menéndez Blanco. "La presencia del ejército romano en las montañas de El Bierzo (León): novedades arqueológicas." Anales de Arquelogía Cordobesa 29 (January 11, 2019): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/aac.v29i0.11021.
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ResumenEn las últimas dos décadas, la Arqueología militar romana ha experimentado un notable avance en la península ibérica. El uso sistemático de nuevas técnicas de teledetección constituye el último estadio de un proceso de renovación metodológica que ha permitido documentar un numeroso conjunto de yacimientos arqueológicos inéditos, o bien relacionar otros ya conocidos con el ejército romano. A su vez, esta información inédita ha subrayado la necesidad de desarrollar nuevas narrativas arqueológicas sobre los procesos de conquista y ocupación del Noroeste peninsular en tiempos antiguos. Este trabajo analiza tres nuevos yacimientos de reciente descubrimiento que pueden ayudarnos a entender estos procesos en El Bierzo, una comarca estratégica en las comunicaciones entre el Noroeste ibérico y la cuenca del Duero.AbstractRoman military archaeology has experienced a remarkable advance in the Iberian Peninsula during the last decades. The systematic use of remote sensing techniques is the latest stage in a process of methodological renovation that has helped to identify a significant number of new archaeological sites, or to link other already known sites with the Roman army. In addition, these new data have highlighted the need to develop renovated archaeological narratives on the conquest and occupation processes of NW Iberia in the Antiquity. In this paper, we analyse three recently discovered sites, which will help us to understand these phenomena in El Bierzo, a strategic region connecting NW Iberia and the Duero valley.
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Mahid, Syakir, Andriansyah Andriansyah, and Ismail Suardi Wekke. "ARAB COMMUNITY ENCOUNTER WITH KAILI CULTURE IN EDUCATION AND DA’WAH." EL HARAKAH (TERAKREDITASI) 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/el.v20i1.4788.
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<p><em>This article identifies the Islamic education movement and da’wah (Islamic missionary endeavor) of the Arab community in Palu incorporated in the Alkhairat organization. The formation of this organization arose from a madrasah (madrassa) named “Madrasah Alkhairat Al-Islamiyah” found by Sayyid Idrus bin Salim Aljufri, an ulama (Islamic scholar) from Hadramaut, in 1930 in Palu. The formation of the madrasah was the response of the Arab community in Palu Valley to the Christianization of Dutch Christian missionaries under the auspices of the Leger Dois Heist (Salvation Army). This study uses non-participant observation methods and purposive in-depth interviews with ten subjects consisted of leaders, teachers and staffs in Alkhairat to obtain data related to the topic. Furthermore, the authors verify the data. Finally, this article shows that the Islamic education and da’wah movement undertaken by the Arab community in Palu Valley reflects the process of integration and harmonization of Arabs with local people, and has supported the construction progress in Palu.</em></p><p><br /><em>Artikel ini mengidentifikasi gerakan pendidikan dan dakwah Islam komunitas Arab di Palu yang tergabung dalam organisasi Alkhairat. Terbentuknya organisasi ini berawal dari sebuah madrasah bernama “Madrasah Alkhairat Al-Islamiyah” yang didirikan oleh Sayyid Idrus bin Salim Aljufri, seorang Ulama asal Hadramaut, pada tahun 1930 di Palu. Pembentukan madrasah tersebut merupakan respon komunitas Arab di Lembah Palu terhadap kristenisasi yang dilakukan oleh para misionaris kristen Belanda di bawah naungan Leger Dois Heist (Bala Keselamatan) terhadap masyarakat Palu dan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi non-partisipan dan wawancara mendalam terhadap sepuluh orang yang terdiri pimpinan, guru maupun staff dalam jaringan Alkhairat guna mendapatkan data terkait topik yang dikaji. Selanjutnya, penulis melakukan verifikasi data yang dijadikan bahan dalam penulisan. Akhirnya, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa gerakan pendidikan dan dakwah Islam yang dilakukan oleh komunitas Arab di Lembah Palu mencerminkan proses integrasi dan upaya harmonisasi orang-orang Arab dengan masyarakat lokal setempat serta telah mendukung perkembangan pembangunan di Kota Palu.</em></p>
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Ganaie, Nasir Ahmad. "Modernizing Extremism: A Case of New Age Militancy in Kashmir." Advances in Politics and Economics 1, no. 1 (May 16, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v1n1p61.
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<p><em>The research article delivers enlightenment on the New Age Militancy in Kashmir in which the new energetic and vigorous faces arose to enter militancy and for the stated design the usage of contemporary and improvised ways are drawn to recruit youngsters in the valley. Known to the outer world as tech-savvy militants who are hailing from the rich educational backgrounds and they do believe in autochthonous viewpoint of militancy irrespective of different names of the terror outfits. Besides this, there is a new trend of </em><em>“</em><em>Arms Snatching</em><em>”</em><em> which has been prevalent in the valley mostly from last three years to arm the newly recruits. The article also analyses the impact of the social media usage in branding the New Age Militancy.</em></p>
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Ford, Robert C., and Keenan D. Yoho. "The government’s role in creating an innovation ecosystem: the Springfield Armory as hub in the Connecticut River Valley." Journal of Management History 26, no. 4 (June 30, 2020): 557–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-02-2020-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate, through the example of the Springfield Armory and its role in the development of interchangeable parts, the critical role of government in establishing a cluster of organizations that evolved into an innovation ecosystem primarily located in the Connecticut River Valley in the 1800s. Using the Springfield Armory example, we use the related but largely unjoined concepts of ecosystem and networks to show that these organizational forms are effective in driving innovation. Design/methodology/approach The design uses an in-depth analysis of the role of the Springfield Armory to explicate the joining of network and ecosystem theory as an early example of the importance of governmental funding and support for innovation. Findings The development of interchangeable parts in the American arms industry in the 19th century transformed manufacturing worldwide. At the heart of this transformation was the network of arms makers that developed in the Connecticut River Valley as a direct result of US Government investment and support. This network of arms makers evolved into an ecosystem of mutually reinforcing relationships as machine tool manufacturers benefited from an environment of free-flowing intellectual property, information and growing governmental demand for arms. The Armory illustrates the government’s role in initiating and sustaining clusters of innovation that otherwise might not have developed as quickly. Originality/value Much of the research on the role of government in creating innovation ecosystems and organizational networks is based on modern organizations. This use of the Springfield Armory in the early 1800s broadens the knowledge on how innovation ecosystems in conjunction with networked organizations can be created by governments serving the public good.
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Schoffeleers, Matthew. "The Zimba and the Lundu State in the Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries." Journal of African History 28, no. 3 (November 1987): 337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700030073.
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This article is a partial answer to M. D. D. Newitt, who proposed that settled Maravi states were established only as a result of the rise of Muzura in the first half of the seventeenth century (cf. J. Afr. Hist., 1982, ii). Newitt thereby challenged the more orthodox view that a formal Maravi state system existed already by the middle of the sixteenth century, if not earlier. It is argued here that the orthodox view is still valid in the case of the Lundu state in the lower Shire valley, and perhaps also in the case of some of the neighbouring states. It is shown that around 1590 the then Lundu incumbent embarked on a course of strong state centralisation during which he appropriated the power of the traditional rain priests and thus became both the secular and the ritual leader of the country. It is also argued that this unusual degree of centralisation was achieved and could for a time be maintained with the help of the Zimba, an army of fugitives from the south bank of the Zambezi. However, the present article challenges Malawian historiographical orthodoxy on a very different point, by maintaining that Muzura is not to be identified with the Kalonga dynasty on the south-western shores of Lake Malawi, but with a separate state system in the western Shire Highlands, which gained prominence well before the Kalongas came to the fore.
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Smirnov, Valerii. "Migration Processes in Ottoman Egypt in the 16th — 18th Centuries (Some Notes Concerning the Formation of Power Elites)." ISTORIYA 12, no. 7 (105) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015334-6.
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The author focused his research on the migration processes in the Nile valley in the 16th — 18th centuries, which had a significant impact on the formation of the political institutions in the largest of the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire. The inclusion of Egypt in the Ottoman imperial space was accompanied by a partial replacement of the former foreign ruling elite of the Mamluk meritocracy with a new one, in many respects similar to it. The balance of internal forces established by the Ottomans was held by the administrative apparatus headed by the Ottoman viceroy, the army corps (ojaqs), and the leaders of the main Mamluk groups. The main content of the study is to analyze the ethnic structure and recruitment sources of Egyptian power elites. As a result of his research the author concludes that the main influx of new representatives of the Egyptian “nobility” was carried out at the expense of external migration flows, which took place within an impressive area extending from the remotest territories of the Mediterranean in the west to the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia in the east. After examining a wide range of sources, it has been established that at the end of the period under consideration the power mechanism of the Egyptian Eyalet was held by the main neo-mamluk “households”, which were headed by Egyptian beys of predominantly Mamluk origin, who formed their hierarchy within the Ottoman military-administrative system.
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Ostrowski, Piotr, and Marta Utratna. "Hydrologiczne uwarunkowania morfogenezy wybranych erozyjnych form rzeźby równi zalewowej na przykładzie doliny Bugu." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 27, no. 1 (April 14, 2018): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2018.27.1.6.
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The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between hydrological conditions and morphogenesis of erosional landforms on the floodplain of the Bug river valley. It was found that forms such as side arms and oxbow lakes as a result of cyclical floods are subject to secondary erosion. The main reason for this phenomenon is the fact that they combine strings of overbank flow direction. In the case of ice storms, these forms take on the role of the main channel limiting the effects of floods.
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Barman, Purnima Devi, D. K. Sharma, John F. Cockrem, Mamani Malakar, Bibekananda Kakati, and Tracy Melvin. "Saving the Greater Adjutant Stork by Changing Perceptions and Linking to Assamese Traditions in India." Ethnobiology Letters 11, no. 2 (December 4, 2020): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.11.2.2020.1648.
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The Greater Adjutant Stork (Leptoptilos dubius), locally known as Hargila (the bone swallower) is an endangered bird with an estimated global population of less than 1200. Habitat loss, poisoning, and poaching have caused large declines in populations of this stork in South Asia, with the Brahmaputra valley in Assam in northeastern India now the last stronghold for the species. The stork nests colonially in privately owned trees within thickly populated villages. Tree owners would cut down trees to prevent rotten food and excreta of this carnivorous bird from falling into their backyards. A change in attitudes of the nest-tree owners towards keeping their trees and towards Greater Adjutants has been the key to stork conservation. A conservation project involving community development, education and outreach, interlinking storks with local traditions and cultures, and capacity building of local communities was initiated in 2007. A rural women's conservation group named the Hargila Army was instituted and strong feelings of pride and ownership for the storks by the villagers have been generated. Cash incentives for nest protection were deliberately avoided, with schemes that indirectly contribute to the livelihoods of nest-tree owners and other villagers introduced instead. The success of the conservation program is shown by the increase in the number of nesting colonies in the village area of Dadara, Pachariya, and Singimari in Kamrup District in Assam from 28 nests in 2007–08 to 208 nests in the 2019–20 breeding season, making this the largest breeding colony of Greater Adjutant Storks in the world.
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Ducey, Donald L., and Ann Hayward Walker. "DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SUPPORT TO SPILL RESPONSE OPERATIONS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-57.
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ABSTRACT The Department of Defense (DOD), operating through the Directorate of Military Support in the Department of the Army, supports state, local and other federal agency response operations in a wide range of natural and man-caused emergencies. Examples within the past six years include the Ashland Oil tank collapse in Floreffe, Pennsylvania, Exxon Valdez cleanup, Loma Prieta earthquake, hurricanes Hugo and Andrew, Mexico City earthquake, Armero (Columbia) volcanic eruption, and Puerto Rico floods and mudslides. From March 24 to September 27, 1989, the period of the Exxon Valdez initial cleanup operations, DOD provided military and civilian personnel, U. S. Navy ships for housing response workers, cargo and medical evacuation aircraft (fixed wing and helicopters), skimmers, modified dredges, landing craft, Dracones, Zodiak boats, radios, computers, and other miscellaneous equipment. This was in addition to assets of the Alaska Army and Air National Guard, which were committed by the governor. Support was provided to the U. S. Coast Guard on-scene coordinator and supervised by the Alaska Oil Spill Joint Task Force. The General Accounting Office, in its January 1990 report, Federal Costs Resulting from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, estimated that DOD spent $62.8 million through September 30, 1989, the largest expenditure by any federal agency. Use of military resources is a realistic scenario in certain situations. Primary responders at the federal and state level should understand how to request and employ these assets. This paper provides a background on DOD support to disaster relief operations, and discusses the types of support available to agencies responding to natural or man-caused emergencies, request and approval mechanisms, the Department of Defense organization to provide support, and reimbursement of the department.
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Nagasse-Sugahara, Teresa Keico, Jonas José Kisielius, Marli Ueda-Ito, Suely Pires Curti, Cristina Adelaide Figueiredo, Áurea Silveira Cruz, Maysa Madalena J. Silva, et al. "Human vaccinia-like virus outbreaks in São Paulo and Goiás States, Brazil: virus detection, isolation and identification." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 46, no. 6 (December 4, 2004): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652004000600004.
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Since October 2001, the Adolfo Lutz Institute has been receiving vesicular fluids and scab specimens of patients from Paraíba Valley region in the São Paulo and Minas Gerais States and from São Patricio Valley, in the Goiás State. Epidemiological data suggested that the outbreaks were caused by Cowpox virus or Vaccinia virus. Most of the patients are dairy milkers that had vesiculo-pustular lesions on the hands, arms, forearms, and some of them, on the face. Virus particles with orthopoxvirus morphology were detected by direct electron microscopy (DEM) in samples of 49 (66.21%) patients of a total of 74 analyzed. Viruses were isolated in Vero cell culture and on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs. Among 21 samples submitted to PCR using primers for hemagglutinin (HA) gene, 19 were positive. Restriction digestion with TaqI resulted in four characteristic Vaccinia virus fragments. HA nucleotide sequences showed 99.9% similarity with Cantagalo virus, described as a strain of Vaccinia virus. The only difference observed was the substitution of one nucleotide in the position 616 leading to change in one amino acid of the protein in the position 206. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates clustered together with Cantagalo virus, other Vaccinia strains and Rabbitpox virus.
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Boumart, Z., Z. Bamouh, J. Hamdi, N. Safini, K. O. Tadlaoui, G. Bettinger, D. M. Watts, and M. Elharrak. "Safety and immunogenicity of the Rift Valley fever arMP-12 ΔNSm21/384 candidate vaccine in pregnant ewes." Vaccine: X 6 (December 2020): 100070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2020.100070.
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Polczynski, Michael, and Mark Polczynski. "Beauplan’s Ukraine: open access georeferenced databases for studies of early modern history of Central and Eastern Europe." Miscellanea Geographica 23, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2019-0015.
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Abstract In 1630, Guillaume Le Vasseur, sieur de Beauplan, travelled to the lands of Poland-Lithuania to begin a seventeen-year military career in the Crown army. The purpose of the Beauplan’s Ukraine (BU) project is to provide a set of open access, georeferenced databases for the populated places, rivers, river fords, river rapids, islands, forests, mountains, valleys, and travel paths that are shown on a selection of maps created by Beauplan. The purpose of this document is to describe how these databases and related materials can be accessed and applied by scholars, with the ultimate goal of this work being to convert the rich source of information provided by Beauplan’s maps into a viable instrument for the laboratory of the historian of south-eastern Europe in Early Modern times.
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Conlan, J. P. "“Vaulted with fire”: The Thermodynamics of Infernal Justice in Book 1 of Paradise Lost." Explorations in Renaissance Culture 43, no. 2 (December 9, 2017): 232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526963-04302005.
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Historians of science have noted that Milton’s figurative reference to the “spotty globe” of Satan’s massy shield identifies Milton as an adherent of the New Astronomy promoted by Galileo. Understood in light of the techniques of surveying employed by Galileo, the same shield also speaks to Galileo’s use of parallax, whereby the scientist made his drawings more precise by viewing alternately from the vantage of the heights of Fesole or the valley of the Arno. Milton mentions these places in his epic simile of Satan’s shield: the science behind Satan’s arms in Paradise Lost reveals that Milton’s deep commitment to liberty informs his imagination of how God structured the pains of hell.
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Lemskaya, Natalya A., Irina V. Kartavtseva, Nadezhda V. Rubtsova, Fedor N. Golenishchev, Irina N. Sheremetyeva, and Alexander S. Graphodatsky. "Chromosome Polymorphism in Microtus(Alexandromys)mujanensis (Arvicolinae, Rodentia)." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 146, no. 3 (2015): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000439096.
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The Muya Valley vole (Microtus mujanensis) has a constant diploid chromosome number of 2n = 38, but an unstable karyotype with polymorphic chromosome pairs. Here, we describe 4 karyotypic variants involving 2 polymorphic chromosome pairs, MMUJ8 and MMUJ14, in 6 animals from Buryatia using a combination of GTG-banding and chromosome painting with M. agrestis probes. We suggest that the polymorphic pairs MMUJ8 and MMUJ14 were formed through pericentric inversions that played a major role during karyotype evolution of the species. We also propose that the stable diploid number with some ongoing polymorphism in the number of chromosome arms indicates that this evolutionarily young endemic species of Russian Far East is on the way to karyotype and likely species stabilization.
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Hayashi, Masahiko, Toshihiro Handa, Yoshiaki Sofue, Naomasa Nakai, Tetsuo Hasegawa, Steven Lord, and Judith Young. "CO Observations of the Nuclear Bar of IC 342." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 115 (1987): 631–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900096613.
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We have mapped the nuclear region of an Scd galaxy IC 342 in the CO (J = 1-0) emission with an angular resolution of 15″. This galaxy has a bright optical nucleus with a dark lane elongated in the north-south direction. A prominent molecular bar which has been discovered by Lo et al. (1984) using the Owens Valley Interferometer lies just on the dark lane. Their CO map was spatially limited by the primary beam pattern and the velocity coverage of their spectrometer was not sufficient. It is not known, therefore, whether the molecular bar is connected to the outer spiral arms or not. We made the highest resolution CO map accessible by a single-dish telescope with a sufficient velocity coverage.
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Oliveira, Paulo Rogério Melo de, Daniel Buhatem Kock, Micheline Ramos de Oliveira, Flávio Ramos, and Maria Claudia S. Antunes de Souza. "Estudo epidemiologico de suicídios no Vale do Itajaí-SCEpidemiological study of suicides in Itajaí Valley, SC." Saber Humano: Revista Científica da Faculdade Antonio Meneghetti 6, no. 8 (August 4, 2016): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.18815/sh.2016v6n8.145.
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Na presente pesquisa, foi realizado um estudo ecológico na Macrorregião do Vale do Itajaí entre 1996 e 2012 para identificar a população vítima de suicídio. Através dos dados disponíveis no DATASUS (Ministério da Saúde) e SIM (Secretaria de Estado de Santa Catarina), foram coletadas as informações de mortalidade voluntária no período pesquisado, obtendo os seguintes resultados: ocorreram 1.267 suicídios na região, com média de 8,881 suicídios por 100.000 habitantes (s/h) ao ano, representando a segunda maior média do Estado; Guabiruba foi o município com maior média no período (16,857 s/h) e Blumenau o município com maior número de ocorrências (377); o público masculino teve em média anual de 14,07 s/h e o feminino de 3,73 s/h; o índice de suicídios é maior, quanto maior a faixa etária, tanto em homens quanto mulheres; a maior taxa foi encontrada entre homens entre 70-79 anos, com 46,578 s/h; pessoas casadas se suicidam mais do que solteiras, em proporção muito maior do que as demais regiões do Estado; o principal método do suicídio é o enforcamento, seguido pelo uso de arma de fogo (entre homens) e intoxicação (entre mulheres); no mês de dezembro se concentram o maior número de ocorrências. O estudo epidemiológico apenas inicia um processo de conhecimento maior sobre como esse fenômeno afeta região do Vale do Itajaí, sendo necessários diversos aprofundamentos qualitativos que as estatísticas não são capazes de suprir.
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De la Fuente de Pablo, Pablo, and Cezary Taracha. "“Under the Pacifying Arms of the Cross.” The Valley of the Fallen: a Place of Imprisonment, Reconciliation and Social Reintegration in Spain (1940-1959)." Kościół i Prawo 10, no. 1 (July 21, 2021): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/kip21101-12.
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The Valley of the Fallen is the monument that boasts the largest Christian cross in the world. Buried at its feet are tens of thousands of those who fought and fell during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). They rest in the Basilica of the Holy Cross together without any designation as to on which side they fought. The article focuses on the vicissitudes of the penitentiary colony made up mainly of Republican prisoners sentenced for serious crimes committed during the war. This monument, a symbol of atonement and reconciliation, has become the target of a relentless political onslaught carried out by the socialist and communist government and fuelled by a series of myths analysed in the article.
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Johnson, Douglas H. "Deng Laka and Mut Roal: Fixing the Date of an Unknown Battle." History in Africa 20 (1993): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171968.
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The Gaawar Nuer recall a battle called Mut Roal which Deng Laka, the prophet of the divinity DIU, fought against the Twic Dinka and their “Arab” allies. In this battle the Dinka and the Arabs failed to coordinate their movements, were attacked, and were defeated singly. Deng Laka himself is said to have personally killed the “Arab” commander. A number of rifles were captured and placed in a hut at the Dinka shrine of Luang Deng, in recognition of the help received from both the divinity DENG and the Rut Dinka caretakers of the shrine (a number of Rut Dinka fought alongside the Gaawar in this, as in other battles). The battle was of a recent enough date to be recounted in some detail by Nuer and Dinka participants to those British officials who visited the Zeraf valley in the first three decades of this century. Though the name of the “Arab” leader involved was remembered and given, the British were uncertain about the date of the battle and the identity of the opponents, and frequently assumed that they were “slavers” from the days of the Turkiyya, the Turco-Egyptian period (1840-85).This seems to be confirmed by contemporary reports given by Casati and Emin Bey, who each recorded the annihilation of an Egyptian army patrol on the Bahr el-Zeraf (the Giraffe River) in 1885. There are some difficulties in reconciling this date with other evidence concerning floods and the opening of age-sets also mentioned by Gaawar and Dinka oral sources. In this paper I will examine the evidence contained in various orally based accounts collected between 1904 and 1982 and compare them with the few contemporary written accounts we have of battles near the Bahr el-Zeraf in the late nineteenth century. I conclude that the battle of Mut Roal was probably fought against the Mahdists in 1896, rather than against “slavers” in 1885. This conclusion in itself has further implications for our understanding of Arab-Nuer relations, and even Nuer-Dinka relations in the late nineteenth century.
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Mihajlović, Vladimir V. "L. F. Marsilji – prvi antikvar Srbije." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2016): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v10i3.3.
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The all-encompassing changes that have shaped the west of Europe during the early modern period, introducing new ways of perceiving (and investigating) the whole universe, and each individual as well, have decisively influenced the foundations of our discipline. The special credit should be paid to the antiquarian movement and the generations of its followers. On the other hand, according to the general consensus, the region of modern Serbia, being a part of the Ottoman Empire, has not attracted the curiosity of the antiquarians until the second half of the 18th century. Numerous reviews of the history of archaeology in Serbia, both by local and foreign authors, consolidate this view. However, the life and work of Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli (1658–1730) offers a significantly different view of the roots of archaeology in these parts. Born in an aristocratic family in Bologna, highly educated, serving in the Austrian Imperial army by the end of 17th century, Count Marsigli spent almost two decades in the lands of the middle Danube valley. During the Vienna war (1683–1699), and then fortifying the new frontier after the Peace of Karlovac (1699–1701), L. F. Marsigli got acquainted with the rich heritage (above all from the Roman times) of the region. He published the results of his research in the volume entitled Danubius Pannonico-Mysicus. The very title suggests the importance Marsigli assigned to the Classical past, whose vestiges he described in the second of six books of this work. Under the title De antiquitatibus Romanorum ad ripas Danubii, in accordance with the best antiquarian traditions, the learned Count offers a comprehensive and systematic review of the Roman material culture along the Danube banks – in his own words – of Pannonia and Moesia. Marsigli’s antiquarian endeavours in the field and the subsequent published accounts establish a massive contribution to the antiquarian tradition in the region of modern Serbia, and then – indirectly, through the works of the 19th century authors – to Serbian archaeology in general.
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Ivanov, Sergei S. "The Iron Hatchet of Saka Period from Burial Site Jal-Aryk II (Ketmen-Tyube Valley, Western Tien Shan)." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 19, no. 5 (2020): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-5-119-129.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the iron battle hatchet from mound 2 of the Jal-Aryk II burial site in Ketmen-Tyube valley in the western part of Tien Shan. Purpose. Battle hatchets are a rare category of weapons of Saka culture in the Tien Shan region. Therefore, the publication of one of the first finds of this type of weapon, which was made in the 1960s, is considered important. Results. The combat hatchet has a straight pin, massive hammered butt and closed shaft-hole for the wooden handle. The combat hatchet also has iron capping, protecting the end of the handle. The features of the funeral inventory from the burial where the hatchet was found and based on analogies from Central Asia and Altai, and dates back to the late 5th – early 4th centuries BC. The closest parallels to it can be found in Saka burials in Semirechie and in related materials of the Kamen (Kamenskaya) culture in the Forest-Steppe of Altai. Conclusion. The investigated combat hatchet is one of the earliest examples of iron arms of the Saka culture in the Tien Shan region. In addition, we can conclude that this type of weapon appeared in their culture as a result of very close cultural contacts with the ancient population of the Forest-Steppe of Altai. However it was ultimately concluded that the combat hatchet from the Ketmen-Tyube valley had local origin and reflects the independent line of development of this type of weapon in the local Saka culture, based on samples from the Forest-Steppe of Altai.
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Park, Gyun-yeol. "ARMS CONTROL in the Korean Peninsula: Opportunities and Limitations." J-Institute 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/value.2019.5.1.29.
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Park, Gyun-yeol. "ARMS CONTROL in the Korean Peninsula: Opportunities and Limitations." J-Institute 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/value.2020.5.1.29.
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Daouam, S. "Comparative thermo-stability of two Rift Valley fever virus vaccine candidate 13T with a recombinant arMP-12 delta NSm21/384 protein." Bioinformation 16, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630016547.
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Boumart, Z., S. Daouam, Z. Bamouh, M. Jazouli, K. O. Tadlaoui, B. Dungu, G. Bettinger, D. M. Watts, and M. Elharrak. "Safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated Rift Valley Fever recombinant arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 vaccine candidate for sheep, goats and calves." Vaccine 37, no. 12 (March 2019): 1642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.067.
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Koehl, M., Y. Courtois, and S. Guillemin. "3D RECORDING AND MODELLING OF MIDDLE-AGE FORTRESS IN DENSE VEGETATION ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (August 18, 2017): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-415-2017.
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The Schwartzenbourg castle is a Middle-Ages fortress which was built in 1261. It is situated above the valley of Munster in Alsace, France. It was mainly used as a fortified place and a jail. In the early 15th century, the structure has deteriorated. Even after some repairs, it fell into ruins during the Thirty Years’ war (1618-1648) and stayed uninhabited. During World War I, the German army used the place as a vantage point and also built a blockhouse inside the ruins. Nowadays, the ruins are gradually collapsing and the remains of the old walls are completely covered by thick plants.<br><br> The goal of this project was to create a 3D-model of the site before closing its access, which became too dangerous for people. This modelling is divided into two elements: on one hand, a digital terrain model (DTM) of the site in order to replace the castle and to analyze the background of its original environment; on the other hand, a 3D modelling of the ruins of the castle invaded by the vegetation. Indeed, the main difficulty of the measurement is obviously the dense vegetation which hides the castle. Held back for years outside the castle, it has now become an integral part of the ruins. This vegetation is finally today usually the first threat of heritage buildings. After a preliminary inspection of the site as well as difficulties of the project, the first step consisted of the survey of the whole environment of the site. We will therefore describe the different phases of the survey with the initial implementation of a georeferenced network on site. We will present the terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) surveys, then complementary surveys carried out by aerial photogrammetry. To be implemented, we had to wait for an advanced autumn in order to have as few leaves on trees as possible. The major step of processing of point clouds described in this paper is then the extraction of a DTM by using techniques to pass through the vegetation, or better to segment the points into different classes, one of these that would be the soil i.e. DTM, another consists into wall parts of the ruins.
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Wierzbicki, Grzegorz, Piotr Ostrowski, and Tomasz Falkowski. "Applying floodplain geomorphology to flood management (The Lower Vistula River upstream from Plock, Poland)." Open Geosciences 12, no. 1 (October 14, 2020): 1003–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0102.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractUsing remote sensing extended on geological and topographical maps and verified by the field work, we present the flood management and study the geomorphic features of the floodplain of a large, sand bed, untrained but embanked river in order to determine the flood hazard and to predict future flood scenarios. In geomorphological mapping, we focus on the landforms: crevasse channels and splays, flood basin, chute channels, side arms, floodplain channels, dunes and fields of aeolian sand. We base the flood risk assessment on consultations with environmental engineers who design new technical structures that control inundation (cut-off walls and lattice levees). We describe a levee breach as a result of piping (inner erosion) in a high hydraulic gradient condition and its effect (scour hole) as an erosional landform consistent with the repetitive pattern of erosion and deposition formed by an overbank flow on a floodplain. We reveal an existence of homogenous morphodynamic reaches in the river valley.
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LESOGOROL, CAROLYN K. "Guns and Governance in the Rift Valley: pastoralist conflict and small arms by Kennedy Agade Mkutu Oxford: James Currey, 2008. Pp. 224, £14.99 (pbk)." Journal of Modern African Studies 48, no. 1 (February 3, 2010): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x09990322.
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Aronberg Lavin, Marilyn. "El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de la Porciúncula: Or How Los Angeles Got its Name." Religion and the Arts 18, no. 1-2 (2014): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-01801003.
Full textAbstract:
This study traces the route by which the city of Los Angeles came to be called by that name. Late in life St. Francis retired to a tiny hut on “a little piece of property,” una porziuncola near Assisi. Because angels were frequently heard singing there, the area around his hut was known as “La Valle di Nostra Donna degli Angeli.” Here, Francis experienced two appearances of Mary and her Son, during which he obtained the revolutionary plenary indulgence known as Il Perdono d’Assisi. The Porziuncola became a pilgrims’ shrine, and Francis’s hut was transformed into a huge basilica dedicated to Santa Maria degli Angeli. Reception of the indulgence slowly spread throughout Europe, and most particularly in Spain. Columbus, who was a Franciscan Tertiary, after a stay in the monastery of Our Lady of the Angels at La Rábida, set sail on his momentous journey on the feast of the Perdono (2 August). The indulgence was carried to the New World by the Franciscans where the devotion developed a wide-spread cult. Three hundred years later, the Spanish king’s army, accompanied by Franciscan friars, journeyed up the western coast and came upon a clear stream, which they called la Porciúncula. In 1781, the New World City of the Angels was founded in the cult’s honor.