Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'ARN de transfert de la thréonine'
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Walbott, Hélène. "Etude biochimique et structurale de deux pyrimidine-c5 méthyltransférases des arn de transfert." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112159.
Full textIn the cell, tRNA is a key molecule of genetic translation. To become functional, it undergoes different steps of post-transcriptional maturation. During this process, some of its nucleosides are chemically modified by modification enzymes. My thesis project focused on the biochemical and structural study of two tRNA C5-pyrimidine methyltransferases (MTases). The first part of my work consisted in the biochemical characterization of the S. Cerevisiae C5-cytosine MTase, Trm4. The analysis of its catalytic mechanism and of its modular organization was then realized. The second part of my work contributed to the identification of the P. Abyssi tRNA m5U54 MTase, PabTrmU54, and led to the resolution of its crystal structure in complex with S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, by X-ray crystallography. Finally, all these results participated in the improvement of our knowledge about the specific mode of RNA recognition by modification enzymes
Guillon, Jordan. "Caractérisation moléculaire de mécanismes d’échappement à la sénescence : définition d'une hétérogénéité de la sénescence Regulation of senescence escape by TSP1 and CD47 following chemotherapy treatment Regulation of senescence escape by the cdk4–EZH2–AP2M1 pathway in response to chemotherapy tRNA biogenesis and specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases regulate senescence stability under the control of mTOR. Proteomics approaches to define senescence heterogeneity and chemotherapy response Chemotherapy-induced senescence, an adaptive mechanism driving resistance and tumor heterogeneity." Thesis, Angers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ANGE0005.
Full textSenescence is induced as a result of telomeric shortening, activation of oncogenes or in response to chemotherapy. This tumour suppression mechanism prevents the proliferation of abnormal cells and transformation. However, some studies have shown that in response to chemotherapy, senescence is more of an adaptation mechanism allowing tumour cells to escape. Thus, we have characterized new escape mechanisms allowing to define senescence heterogeneity. During our studies, we observed that the stability of this suppressive mechanism is epigenetically regulated by EZH2. This methylase modulates the expression of AP2M1, an endocytosis protein required for escape. The stability of senescence is also modulated by secreted SASP factors such as TSP1. By interaction with its receptor CD47, this glycoprotein limits the emergence of persistent cells. The reduction in the expression of this receptor then favours the escape of senescence. Finally, tRNA biosynthesis also modulates the stability of this suppressive mechanism. During the emergence of persistent cells, mTOR promotes the expression of specific tRNAs and the resolution of protein stress. The expression of the corresponding tRNA ligases is then required for escape. Thus, senescence is more heterogeneous than initially described. Its stability is disturbed by the expression of epigenetic regulators, endocytosis proteins, specific receptors and by the deregulation of tRNA biosynthesis
Gaudin, Cyril. "Nouvelles caractérisations structurales de l'ARN transfert-messager." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10023.
Full textMorelle, Geoffrey. "Les ARN de transfert, une nouvelle source de petits ARN non-codants chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ015/document.
Full textDuring the last decade, a new class of small non-coding RNAs called tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) has emerged. Whilst the canonic role of tRNA is well-known, the reason(s) why stable tRFs remains in the cell is unknown. Indeed, the number of tRFs has rapidly increased in various evolutionary divergent organisms. To date, only few data on their biogenesis and on their biological roles is known but their importance in the regulation of gene expression and in cell life is expanding. In plants, the existence of tRFs has also been reported but only few data are available. Using deep-sequencing on various small RNA libraries from Arabidopsis thaliana and Northern blots experiments, we confirmed the existence of a large but specific population of tRFs. Following these observations, three questions are addressed. First, what are the enzymes responsible for tRFs biogenesis, second where are tRFs generated and third, are tRFs merely degredation by-products or do they have biological functions?
Barraud, Pierre. "Etudes structurales de différents processus biologiques impliquant les ARN de transfert." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364789.
Full textLaforest, Marie-Josée. "Phylogénie de l'édition des ARN de transfert mitochondriaux chez les chytridiomycètes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ65315.pdf.
Full textBarraud, Pierre. "Etudes structurales de différents processus biologiques impliquant les ARN de transfert." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P616.
Full textDuring this thesis, we have studied several biological processes involving tRNA. First, the study of the role of the NC protein in the formation of the HIV-1 reverse transcription initiation complex enabled us to identify a strong and specific binding site for the NC onto the D-arm of tRNALys3. This allows the melting of tertiary interactions between the T and D-arms. Secondly, the structure the m1A58 MTase of T. Thermophilus was solved by crystallography. Three residues involved into catalysis and tRNA substrat recognition were identified. In addition, experiments revealed the 1/2 stoichiometry of the TrmI tRNA complex. Thirdly, the resolution of the E. Coli initiator tRNAfMet structure uncovered a unique conformation of the anticodon region. This peculiar structure put in light biochemical results of the literature and suggests a mechanism by which the translation initiation machinery could discriminate the initiator tRNA
Gasparutto, Didier. "Synthèse chimique totale d'un ARN de transfert avec ses bases modifiées." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10148.
Full textOuenzar, Bouchra. "Un exemple de spécialisation de la population des ARN de transfert en relation avec la différenciation cellulaire chez le poulet." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112145.
Full textBonnefond, Luc Giegé Richard Rudinger-Thirion Joëlle. "La tyrosyl-ARNt synthétase mitochondriale humaine originalités fonctionnelles, structurales et place dans l'évolution /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/809/01/Bonnefond_Luc_2007.pdf.
Full textSchmitt, Emmanuelle. "Caracterisation fonctionnelle de deux motifs peptidiques conserves chez les methionyl-arnt synthetases procaryotes." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EPXX0001.
Full textHOANG, NAUDIN BOI MINH CHAU. "Cartographie du centre actif d'aminoacyl-arnt synthetases a l'aide de la spectrometrie de masse maldi." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPXXA037.
Full textMeinnel, Thierry. "Interaction de la methionyl-arnt synthetase avec ses arnt specifiques." Palaiseau, École polytechnique, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EPXX0005.
Full textSalinas, Thalia Drouard Laurence. "Mécanisme d'importation des ARN de transfert cytosoliques dans la mitochondrie de plante." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/711/01/Salinas2006.pdf.
Full textSalinas, Thalia. "Mécanisme d'importation des ARN de transfert cytosoliques dans la mitochondrie de plante." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/SALINAS_Thalia_2006.pdf.
Full textDuring evolution, plant mitochondrial genomes underwent multiple rearrangements leading to the loss of genetic information. One of the consequences is that the number of mitochondrial encoded tRNA genes is not sufficient to ensure plant mitochondrial translation. In order to compensate this deficiency, cytosolic tRNAs have to be imported into mitochondria. Although this phenomenon is an essential process for mitochondrial biogenesis in most eukaryotic cells, it remains poorly understood. Three aspects of this process in plants have been studied during my PhD thesis. A transgenic approach showed that the anticodon and D-domain are essential for tRNAGly import. Moreover, in vitro and biochemical studies allowed the identification of outer mitochondrial proteins, namely the "Voltage Dependent Anion Channel" (VDAC) and TOM proteins, involved in tRNA import into plant mitochondria. Finally, biochemical studies were initiated in order to understand the tRNA-VDAC interaction
Barbezier, Nicolas. "Étude de la synthèse et de la maturation des précurseurs dicistroniques ARNt-snoARN chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0762.
Full textSmall nucleolar RNAs of class C/D (C/D snoRNAs) represent a large class of small non coding RNAs guiding methylation of ribosomal RNAs and other cellular RNAs. In plants more than a hundred genes have been identified in Arabiodopsis thaliana. Most of them are organised in clusters and expressed as polycistronic precursors that must be processed by endonuclease and exonuclease to liberate the snoRNA. A variation to these, unique to plants, are the dicistronic glycine tRNA-C/D snoRNA genes. In this work, we searched to identify the endonuclease responsible for tsnoRNA maturation and more factors involved in the tsnoRNA synthesis and maturation. To study the transcription and maturation pathway in vivo, we created transgenic plants expressing mutants of these tsnoRNAs. We show that dicistronic tRNA-snoRNA precursor is synthesised by RNA polymerase III system and is further processed to produce the tRNA and the snoRNA separated products. To study this step, we developed nuclear extracts from cauliflower inflorescence that accurately process the dicistronic tsnoRNA precursor in vitro. In addition we have evidence that these extracts allows assembly of the small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) that is essential for snoRNA stability and activity
Kaba, Mohamed. "Etude électrochimique et spectroscopique des interactions entre ARN de transfert et cations divalents." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598618q.
Full textDelage, Ludovic. "Etude du mécanisme d'importation des ARN de transfert dans les mitochondries de plantes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13142.
Full textKapps, Delphine. "Rôle de l'import des ARN de transfert de l'hôte dans le développement Plasmodium." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ054/document.
Full textThe organism studied in this work is Plasmodium, the malaria parasite. The laboratory identified a membrane protein, called tRip for tRNA import protein, displaying a tRNA binding domain exposed outside of the parasite. In vivo, in P. berghei which is the murine model used, tRip mediates the import of exogenous tRNAs into the parasite cytosol. My PhD work begun with the construction of a tRip-KO strain of P. berghei to investigate the role of tRNA import and the putative involvement of tRip within a proteic complex. The phenotype of the tRip-KO strain is significantly modified compared to the wild-type parasite during the blood stage: its rate of multiplication is much lower. By proteomic analyses, I showed that many proteins are under-regulated in the tRip-KO strain, especially those very rich in asparagines. Moreover, I dentified three protein partners for tRip, being tRNA aminoacylation or modification enzymes. These results suggest that host imported tRNAs could be taken in charge by parasitic enzymes and take part to Plasmodium protein synthesis. This work reveals a new host pathogen interaction and is the first example showing exogenous tRNA import into a cell
Dardel, Frédéric. "Clonage, structure et etude de l'expression du gene de la methionyl-tarn synthetase d'escherichia coli." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066583.
Full textFrancin-Allami, Mathilde. "L'extension polypeptidique N-terminale de la lysyl-ARNt synthétase de mammifère : un domaine fonctionnel de fixation générale des ARNt." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0866.
Full textCerini, Claire. "Clonage et caractérisation d'une aminoacyl-ARNt synthétase multifonctionnelle chez Drosophila melanogaster." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22057.
Full textMassenet, Séverine. "Identification des résidus pseudouridines dans les ARN ribosomiques "d'Archaea" et les petits ARN nucléaires des spliceosomes majeurs et mineurs : recherche et caractérisation de pseudouridine-synthases chez "Saccharomyces cerevisiae"." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10311.
Full textRAMAMONJISOA, DANIEL. "Structure et expression de genes nucleaires de plantes codant pour des arn de transfert importes dans les mitochondries ou presents uniquement dans le cytosol. Edition des arn de transfert dans les mitochondries vegetales." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR13087.
Full textEl, Farouk-Ameqrane Samira. "Etude des protéines VDAC dans le cadre de l’importation des ARNt dans les mitochondries de plantes." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6111.
Full textDuring this work, I was interested in plant VDAC proteins and in the mechanism of tRNA import into plant mitochondria. These proteins are known to be involved in several mechanisms such as transport of metabolites or apoptosis. Recently it was shown that these proteins are implicated in tRNA and DNA import into plant mitochondria. Thus we studied how VDAC can interact with nucleic acids as no binding site can be predicted. The results show that the interaction imply several aminoacids of the protein in particular the Gly2, Lys47, Lys48 and the a helix. As VDAC proteins form a β barrel, we tried to determine their spatial structure to better understand how it can interacts with tRNA. So we express and purify these proteins in big quantity and we get cristallisation conditions. Then as VDAC can interact with different kind of nucleic acids and with imported or not imported tRNA, we tried to understand where is performed the selectivity in the transport of tRNA into mitochondria. This study show that the process of selectivity is complex and imply several barrieres. Finally, we looked for VDAC partners involved in tRNA transport. We identified 8 proteins that can potentially interact with tRNA too
Soutourina, Julie. "Les acides amines de la serie d dans la traduction." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPXX0044.
Full textBesagni, Céline. "Mutations des ARNt mitochondriaux de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae et implications pathologiques." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112153.
Full text115 mutations have been identified in the human tRNA genes responsible of human degenerative diseases. The severity of the pathologies is mainly due to the mutations, the affected tissues, the level of heteroplasmy and the nuclear context. In order to find a solution to correct the effect of these mutations, it’s necessary to better understand their molecular mechanisms. Studying such mutaitons in human cultured cells has limits (notably for experimental reasons) and it would be easier at first to use a simple organism as a model. Hence the idea to work with the yeast S. Cerevisiae that is homoplasmic allows a lot of molecular and genetics methods, particularly the possibility to transform the mitochondria by biolistic and creating equivalent mutations to the human ones in the yeast Trna. Once the yeast model validated, for an equivalent mutation in human and yeast, we observed a good correlation between the severity of the human pathology and the mutant phenotype in yeast. Like in human, the yeast phenotype depends of the nuclear context. We found that overexpression of the translation factor EF-Tu is able to correct all the tRNA mutations (even tRNA mutations which lead to a defect on tRNA maturation). Because of this general effect, the possibility to use EF-Tu in human cells is promising and parameters of this effect have been established
Chaix, Carole. "Protection fonctionnelle en synthèse ribonucléique : application à la préparation de fragments d'un ARN de transfert." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE19008.
Full textSieber, François. "Development of a tool to address nucleic acids into mitochondria." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6123.
Full textMitochondria are organelles found in nearly all eukaryotes. They are considered to be the energetic center of the cell because they generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, but they are also involved in many more biological processes such as lipid and amino acid metabolism, iron-sulphur (FeS) cluster biogenesis, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. Mitochondria originate from the endosymbiosis of an alpha-proteobacterium ancestor into a proto-eukaryotic cell. Classical mitochondria have retained a highly reduced vestige of the genome of the ancestral bacteria such that most mitochondrial proteins but also numerous tRNAs have to be imported from the cytosol to the mitochondria (Sieber et al. , 2011a). Mitochondrial genomes are subject to numerous mutations that can result in mitochondrial dysfunctions, which are often dramatic for cell viability. Such mitochondrial disorders can be at the center of human neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases, diabetes, aging and also cancers (Florentz et al. , 2003). In plants, mitochondrial disorders can originate from the presence of chimeric sequences in mitochondrial genomes, which lead to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). CMS plants are incapable of producing functional pollen and constitute a valuable tool in agronomy to produce hybrid plants that are more vigorous in culture (Budar and Pelletier, 2001). Mitochondrial transformation is thus of great interest, both for the study of mitochondrial disorders, and as a biotechnological tool for example in agronomy. Mitochondrial gene expression also remains poorly characterized and awaits reverse genetics tools for a better understanding. Except for the yeast S. Cerevisiae and the unicellular algae C. Reinhardtii where stable mitochondrial transformation has been achieved by biolistic approaches (Fox et al. , 1988; Remacle et al. , 2006), no means exist to stably transform mitochondrial DNA of higher eukaryotes. In my Ph. D. , I focused on developing a tool for efficient introduction of exogenous RNA into mitochondria of various model organisms. The strategy was to use a nucleic acid binding protein fused to a mitochondrial targeting sequence to create a protein shuttle capable of targeting RNA substrates to the mitochondrial matrix. As a shuttle candidate, I chose the mouse dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) that binds nucleic acids non-specifically in vitro. A mitochondrial targeting sequence fused to the protein allows it to be imported into isolated mitochondria. DHFR fused to a mitochondrial targeting sequence (pDHFR) is conventionally used to dissect the mechanism of protein import into mitochondria of yeast (Pfanner et al. , 1987), and was used as a starting point for this study
Kamenskiy, Petr Tarassov Ivan Krasheninnikov Igor. "Studying the role of the precursor of mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetase in the targeting of a cytosolic tRNA-Lys in the mitochondria of S. cerevisiae." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/778/01/KAMENSKIY2007.pdf.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 58-69.
Costa, Annie. "Intérêt de l'analyse quantitative de la queuosine et de ses dérives par CLHP dans la détection et l'exploration in vitro et in vivo d'une hypomodification des ARNt porteurs de ces nucléosides hypermodifiés." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOMU05.
Full textRoger, Benoît. "Rôle de la nucléoline dans la régulation de la production des ARN ribosomiques." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30126.
Full textGouilloud, Évelyne. "Structure et expression d'un gène d'ARN de transfert tyrosine isolé dans le génome de X. Laevis." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112271.
Full textMegel, Cyrille. "Petits ARN non codants dérivant d’ARN de transfert et endoribonucléases impliquées dans leur biogenèse chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ104/document.
Full textAmong the small ncRNAs, tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) were identified in all domains of life. However, only few data report on plants tRFs. Short tRF were retrieved from A. thaliana small RNA libraries (various tissues, plants submitted to abiotic stress or argonaute immunoprecipitated fractions). Mainly tRF-5D or tRF-3T (cleavage in the D or T region respectively) were found, and fluctuations in the tRF population were observed.Using in vitro approaches, A. thaliana RNase T2 endoribonucleases (RNS) were shown to cleave tRNAs in the anticodon region but also in the D or T region. Through a whole study of RNS expression, we show that two RNS are also strongly expressed in the siliques at a late stage of development. Thus, we analyzed the tRF population of this particular developmental stage. Upon phosphate starvation, we demonstrate also the implication of one RNS in the production of tRFs in planta. Altogether, our data open new perspectives for RNS and tRFs as major actors of gene expression inplants
Lalande, Stéphanie. "Biogenèse et fonctions de petits ARN non-codants dérivant d'ARN de transfert, les tRF, chez les plantes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ109.
Full textSmall non-coding RNAs derived from transfer RNAs (tRFs) have been identified in all domains of life, and more and more important functions are attributed to them in many organisms. In this work on the model plant Arabidopsis, we first showed that the tRF population varies according to tissues and stress conditions. With regard to their biogenesis, the endoribonucleases responsible for tRNA cleavage were identified, it is the RNases T2, RNS1, 2 and 3. In order to carry out a structure / function analysis, heterologous expression in yeast has been developed with the hope to get sufficient amount of purified RNS1. The question of tRF functions has also been studied. It has been shown that some tRFs are associated with AGO1, that they often seem to target transposable elements and could have a nuclear localization. Finally, the study of the involvement of the tRFs in the regulation of translation was tackled. Two tRFs, tRF-5D (Ala) and tRF-5D (Asn) efficiently inhibit translation in vitro. An association of tRF-5D (Ala) with polyribosomes of Arabidopsis seedlings could be visualized suggesting that some plant tRFs could as global regulator of the translation process
Sueur, Gabrielle. "La phosphatase CDC25A et le micro-ARN-16 au coeur de la biologie des leucémies aiguës myéloïdes portant une mutation FLT3-ITD." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30156.
Full textPatients presenting an Internal Tandem Duplication in the FLT3 receptor (FLT3-ITD) represent up to 25% of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) cases, and suffer from an overall poorer outcome than their peers expressing the wild type receptor. Our team has demonstrated that expression of the cell cycle regulator CDC25A is tightly controlled by FLT3-ITD in this model, and that CDC25A is a key player in the biology of these AML. However, targeting CDC25A has proven complicated and currently available pharmacological inhibitors show high toxicity. Therefore we are studying the regulation mechanisms of CDC25A downstream of FLT3-ITD, to hopefully identify another strategy to target this pathway. In this work we first show that in FLT3-ITD AML, STAT5 is a direct transcriptional regulator of CDC25A. Furthermore, we identify the micro-RNA-16 (miR-16) as a negative regulator of CDC25A whose expression is repressed by STAT5 downstream of FLT3-ITD. Interestingly, FLT3-ITD leukemic cells are very dependent on the repression of miR-16 expression for their proliferation and differentiation block, two hallmarks of AML. We also highlight a very high sensitivity to the inhibition of Bcl2, another known miR-16 target, in FLT3-ITD cell lines and AML primary samples, compared to the FLT3-WT ones
Brandina, Irina L. Martin Robert Krasheninnikov Igor. "Identification et rôles de nouveaux facteurs protéiques cytosoliques impliqués dans l'import d'ARNt dans les mitochondries de levure." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2006. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/523/01/Brandina2006.pdf.
Full textThèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux. Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 9 p.
Bour, Tania. "Exploration au coeur de la machinerie traductionnelle de Plasmodium falciparum : étude de domaines de liaison aux ARN de transfert." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6109.
Full textThis PhD work concentrates on two proteins of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. They are both involved in the protein synthesis process of this parasite and interact with transfer RNAs (tRNAs): (i) aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS) specifically recognizes tRNAAsp and catalyzes the binding of aspartic acid to its 3’ end and (ii) a protein of unknown function, PftRBP (tRNA binding protein), that interacts with all tRNAs. It has been shown that the plasmodial AspRS, which accumulates during the erythrocytic stage of the parasite is shorter than expected, based on the genome database. This AspRS has two unique functional domains: a lysine-rich tRNA binding motif in the N-terminal extension of the protein and a short insertion in the anticodon binding domain. It has been demonstrated that these two motifs are essential for the parasite’s AspRS activity. Since they are absent in the human homologue, they were targeted to identify specific inhibitors with putative antimalarial effects. The second protein, PftRBP, displays a tRNA binding domain at its C-terminus that binds to all tRNA sequences. Indeed, in vitro PftRBP (i) binds only tRNAs with a high affinity, (ii) recognizes the elbow formed by the D and T loops of the conserved tRNA L-shaped structure, (iii) forms a tetramer and (iv) is exposed at the parasite’s surface. These results suggest a unique and original function for this protein implicating tRNA trafficking between the parasite and its host
Brandina, Irina L. "Identification et rôles de nouveaux facteurs protéiques cytosoliques impliqués dans l'import d'ARNt dans les mitochondries de levure." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/BRANDINA_Irina_L._2006.pdf.
Full textIn yeast S. Cerevisiae, one ARNtLys (referred to as tRK1) is partially imported into mitochondria. One pre-protein, preMsk1p, was previously identified as necessary but not sufficient to direct the import. The aim of the thesis work was to identify new protein factors of tRK1 mitochondrial import and characterisation of their precise role in this pathway. One import factor of tRK1 mitochondrial targeting was identified as a glycolytic enzyme, enolase. This finding permitted to reconstruct in vitro the import mechanism by using individual recombinant proteins (preMsk1p and enolase), tRK1 and mitochondria. Three proteins of ubiquitin/protéasome system (UPS) were identified by two – and three-hybrid screenings for interactions with tRK1 or preMsk1 and are proposed as tRNA import factors. Direct correlation between efficiency of tRNA import and proteolytic activity of proteasome was observed. We therefore suggest that UPS is implicated in tRNA import regulation in yeast
Kamenskiy, Petr. "Studying the role of the precursor of mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetase in the targeting of a cytosolic tRNA-Lys in the mitochondria of S. Cerevisiae." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/KAMENSKIY_Petr_2007.pdf.
Full textVal, Romain. "Adressage d'ARN et manipulation génétique des mitochondries dans les cellules végétales et humaines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13109.
Full textThe understanding of the molecular mechanisms which control the genetic system of mitochondria remains restricted. This is mainly due to the impossibility to manipulate their genome with conventional methods. We are developing an alternate approach based on the physiological mechanism of tRNA import. We use a tRNA mimic as a shuttle to import into mitochondria in plant cells passenger RNAs attached to its 5' end. Following nuclear transformation and transcription in the nucleus, the chimeric RNAs are targeted to mitochondria. So far, we obtained the import of passenger sequences up to 154 nucleotides in size into the mitochondria of transformed plant cells. The process follows the natural specificity of the tRNA import pathway. A trans-cleaving hammerhead ribozyme targeted to the mitochondrial atp9 mRNA was designed and imported into mitochondria as a passenger RNA attached to the tRNA mimic, yielding the first knockdown of a mitochondrial RNA in plant cells. The associated phenotype was a decrease in cell growth rate. The analysis of the level of about twenty mRNAs showed that the atp9 mRNA knockdown led to a 70% decrease of the nuclear-encoded alternative oxidase (aox-1) mRNA, with a strong drop in the amount of the corresponding protein in mitochondria and a decrease in the oxygen consumption. These results highlight the influence of a mitochondrial event on the expression of a nuclear gene, demonstrating the existence of a retrograde regulation. From a gene therapy point of view, we tried to transpose our shuttling system into human cells. All chimeric RNAs used were retained in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. Thus, other tRNA mimics need to be tested
Sohm, Bénédicte. "Impact de mutations pathologiques dans les ARNt mitochondriaux humains sur les propriétés d'aminoacylation et sur le protéome mitochondrial." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/SOHM_Benedicte_2003.pdf.
Full textBlaise, Mickaël. "Nouvelles fonctions associées aux systèmes d'aminoacylation procaryotiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13168.
Full textChèvre, Raphaël. "Étude du mécanisme d'action des copolymères à blocs amphiphiles pour le transfert de gène in vivo." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=53397cdd-f222-4eb5-8820-49663ddd216f.
Full textAmphiphilic block copolymers have been developed recently for their efficient in vivo transfection activities in various tissues including skeletal muscle, heart and lung. However their mechanism of action remains unknown and better understanding of this mechanism represents a major goal for the future development of this new class of vectors. In this study, we particularly focused on Lutrol®, an FDA approved polymer, because of its high in vivo efficiency and remarkably low toxicity. As block copolymers does not allow the transfection of cultured cells in vitro, we suggested that the cell environment was strongly involved in their mechanism of action. In order to evaluate the mechanism of these polymers at the cellular level, we designed a model allowing us to observe the impact of Lutrol® on the different steps involved in the nucleic acids trafficking, from the transgene internalisation to its expression. Using several in vitro transfection strategies involving direct or indirect assemblies of Lutrol® / nucleic acids / cationic vectors, we attempted to elucidate which steps were influenced by lutrol, its role on nucleic acids and cells, but also the reasons of its in vitro transfection inability. Results presented in this report strongly suggest that Lutrol® improves transfection efficiency by a passive and inert physico-chemical mechanism, leading to the enhancement of cellular uptake through a direct delivery mechanism into the cell cytoplasm, and not via an endosomal pathway, strongly contrasting with cationic lipids internalisation pathway
Amar, Lahouari. "Développement de vecteurs lentiviraux régulables pour le transfert de gène dans le système nerveux central." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00168863.
Full textPais, de Barros Jean-Paul. "Identification, analyse comparative et implication fonctionnelle de nucléosides hypermodifiés et localisés en position wobble dans des ARNt de tissus normaux ou néoplasiques de mammifères." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOMU08.
Full textGlasser, Anne-Lise. "Contribution à l'étude des relations structures-fonctions des acides ribonucléiques de transfert de cellules eucaryotes : analyse, identification et rôle de nouveaux nucléosides hypermodifiés." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS019.
Full textSaad, Nizar. "Identification and analysis of a T-Box regulatory element controlling the expression of the enzymes involved in the tRNA-dependent synthesis of asparagine in Clostridium acetobutylicum." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2011/SAAD_Nizar_2011.pdf.
Full textThe T-box control system is a very common mechanism that Gram+ bacteria use to regulate the transcription of a variety of genes, like those involved in tRNA aminoacylation, in response to amino acid starvation. This regulation system is based on the stabilization of an antiterminator structure by the interaction with a cognate uncharged tRNA. Analysis of Gram+ Clostridium acetobutylicum (Cac) genome revealed an aberrant redundancy for the genes putatively involved in asparagine (Asn) and AsntRNAAsn synthesis. Through our investigations using various approaches, we showed that Cac only uses the indirect pathway to form Asn and Asn-tRNAAsn. We demonstrated that an entire transamidation pathway is organized as an operon under the control of a tRNAAsn-dependent T-Box riboswitch. One of our important findings gave some explanation to the function of this gene redundancy, which might be interconnected to control tRNA-dependent Asn synthesis, which might in turn be involved in controlling Cac metabolic switch from acid to solvent production. Moreover, we gave new exciting explanations on how the T-Box recognizes its cognate tRNA. Our work brought some evidences that a T-Box can use more than one codon to control gene expression and that; therefore, they have more than one tRNA ligand. Finally, we demonstrated that one antitermination event can be reprogrammed through a synchronization mediated by a protein effector, and guided by another T-Box. Thanks to this process, a T-Box would be able to adequately respond to the level of two metabolically related amino acids. This finding paves the way for a better understanding of the antitermination mechanism in Gram+ bacteria
Pham, Van Hau. "Novel inhibitors of the tRNA-dependent amidotransferase of "Helicobacter pylori" : Peptides generated by phage display and dipeptide-like compounds." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27079.
Full textThis thesis describes the discovery of inhibitors of a tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (AdT) and summarizes the present state of our knowledge about the two-step biosynthesis of Gln-tRNAGln and Asn-tRNAAsn in Helicobacter pylori. In eukaryotic cytoplasm, twenty amino acids (aa) are generally attached to their cognate tRNAs by twenty corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). These enzymes have a high specificity, and their function is important to the proper decoding of mRNA. However, in a number of bacteria including H. pylori, GlnRS and/or AsnRS are absent. To synthesize Gln-tRNAGln, H. pylori first uses a noncanonical GluRS2 which is specific for tRNAGln to form Glu-tRNAGln; then the trimeric AdT (GatCAB) transforms Glu-tRNAGln into Gln-tRNAGln which is proper for protein biosynthesis. In a similar manner, the biosynthesis of Asn-tRNAAsn also takes place in H. pylori by using the same GatCAB and a canonical nondiscriminating AspRS. The widespread use of these indirect pathways among prominent human pathogens, and their absence in the mammalian cytoplasm, identify AdT as a promising target for the development of new and highly specific antimicrobial agents. By using phage display, we discovered several cyclic peptides rich in tryptophan and proline that inhibit H. pylori GatCAB. Peptides P10 (CMPVWKPDC) and P9 (CSAHNWPNC) are competitive inhibitors of GatCAB with respect to its substrate Glu-tRNAGln. The inhibition constants (Ki) of P10 and P9 are 126 and 392 μM, respectively. Their docking models revealed that they bind to the transamidation active site of GatB via π-π stacking interactions with Tyr81, as does the 3’-terminal A76 of tRNA. We also discovered two small dipeptide-like sulfone-containing inhibitors of H. pylori GatCAB by mimicking the intermediate of its transamidation reaction. Although they are much smaller than the cyclic peptides mentioned above, they are competitive inhibitors of GatCAB with respect to GlutRNAGln, with Ki values of 139 μM for compound 7 and 214 μM for compound 4. These inhibitors could be useful not only to study the reaction mechanisms of GatCAB, but also could be lead compounds for the development of a new class of antibiotics to treat infections caused by H. pylori.
Doublet, Vincent. "Structure et évolution du génome mitochondrial des Oniscidea (Crustacea, Isopoda)." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers/theses/2010/Doublet-Vincent/2010-Doublet-Vincent-These.pdf.
Full textIn animals, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is generally composed of ~16 kb circular monomer molecules. However, two species of terrestrial Crustaceans Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellionides pruinosus (Isopoda: Oniscidea) are exceptions. Their mtDNA is composed of ~14 kb linear monomers associated to ~28 kb circular head-to-head dimers. In order to describe its structure, the complete mtDNA sequence of A. Vulgare has been obtained. It does contain the 13 protein coding genes and the 2 ribosomal sub-units generally found in metazoan mtDNA, but not all of the 22 expected transfer RNA (tRNAs). Besides, a surprising heteroplasmy that generates a dual tRNA alloacceptor for both amino acids Alanine and Valine (tRNAAla/Val) has been discovered. This heteroplasmy by the presence of two different genes on a single mitochondrial locus is an unique example in eukaryotes. Interestingly, this heteroplasmy has been observed in a wide range of Oniscidea species carrying an atypical mtDNA. The appearance of the atypical mitochondrial genome in isopods may have permit the appearance of the tRNAAla/Val, and evolutionary forces that allow the maintenance of these two genes essential for mitochondrial translation might conserve the atypical structure of mtDNA