Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'ARN polymérase'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'ARN polymérase.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Fantapie, Séverine. "Caractérisation du rôle de la polymérase translésionnelle REV1 dans les cellules humaines." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T038.
Full textMotard, Julie. "Sélection de promoteurs ARN reconnus par l'ARN polymérase de Escherichia coli." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3928.
Full textJourdain, Sabine. "Etude fonctionnelle de la sous-unité de 95kDa du facteur de transcription TFIIIC chez "Saccharomyces cerevisiae"." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112306.
Full textIn eukaryotic organisms, RNA polymerase III is responsible for synthesis of transfert RNAs, 5S ribosomal RNA and other small RNAs. Initiation of transcription involves a multistep assembly of transcription factors: TFIIIC binds first to intragenic promoter sequences, it then recruits TFIIIB which in turn recruits RNA polymerase III. TFIIIC is a six subunits factor organized in two large globular domains named tA and tB that respectively bind block A and block B tRNA genes promoter elements. TB-block B binding is very strong and is responsible for TFIIIC-DNA stable anchoring, while tA-block A binding is weak and allows TFIIIB recruitment. The t95 subunit (encoded by TFC1 gene) belongs to the tA domain. We performed mutagenesis of the TFC1 gene segment that encodes a well-conserved region of t95 protein. We obtained a punctual thermosensitive mutant (E447K) and we studied the biochemical properties of mutant TFIIIC factor containing the t95-E447K subunit. .
Checroun, Claire. "Etude des mécanismes de reconnaissance des promoteurs par l'ARN polymérase EsigmaS chez Escherichia coli." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30089.
Full textThe sS subunit of the RNA polymerase of d'E. Coli is required for the induction of genes in response to stressful conditions and in poor conditions of growth. Its targets largely overlap with those of s70 but despite the fact that sS and s70 recognize almost identical consensus sequences, many promoters are specifically transcribed by EsS in vivo. The sequence elements involved in selectivity of transcription initiation by EsS or Es70 are still unclear. The order to better understand what makes a promoter sS-dependent. A suppressor approach has allowed us to identify positions involved in transcription initiation by EsS. A further analysis of the variants obtained has led us to propose that EsS can recognize promoters by at least two different mechanisms, according to the promoter organization. This dual behavior of sS could offer the cell an additional regulation level of gene expression
Douet, Julien. "ADN ribosomique 5S chez Arabidopsis thaliana : dynamique chromatinienne et ARN polymérase IV." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731526.
Full textBussetta, Cécile. "Etudes structurales de la polymérase du virus de l'hépatite C." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22106.pdf.
Full textThe Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is responsible of acute and chronic hepatitis that may lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. The HCV polymerase (HCV-pol) is an important target for antiviral therapies. First, we develop a screening method to search new inhibitors. Then, in absence of structural data on the replication complex, we report 3D models that are important for the interpretation of biochemical data. Moreover, I develop a crystallization protocol leading to the resolution of HCV-pol structure. It constitutes the base to obtain complexes structures with substrates or inhibitors. In parallel, we carry through the first structural analysis of HCV-pol in solution, using Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) in combination with X-ray crystallography and Normal Mode Analysis. We could thus assess the dimeric state, the conformation and the flexibility of HCV-pol at the atomic scale and propose a structural model of HCV-pol in solution
Perreau-Morillon, Pauline. "Identification et caractérisation d'une protéine comme inhibiteur général de la transcription réalisée par l’ARN Polymérase III humaine." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21664.
Full textBellecave, Pantxika. "Sélection et caractérisation d'aptamères inhibiteurs de l'ARN polymérase ARN dépendante du virus de l'hépatite C." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21289.
Full textHepatitis C (HCV) infection is a major health problem worldwide. The current therapy is not effective for half of treated patients thus, the development of new and specific drugs are urgently needed. Among the viral functions essential for viral replication, one of the most attractive targets for the development of drugs is the RNA dependant RNA polymerase (RdRp). Using a combinatorial approach (SELEX), DNA aptamers which bind specifically the HCV RdRp were selected. Three of these aptamers are able to inhibit the RNA synthesis in vitro. The binding and the inhibitory potential of 2 of these aptamers were associated with the random region. These aptamers, which display different secondary structures, inhibit specifically HCV RdRp by 2 distinct mechanisms : one is able to inhibit elongation whereas the other acts predominantly on initiation. The effect of the aptamers on HCV replication in a cellular context was studied with replicon system
Bligny, Muriel. "Caractérisation d'une ARN polymérase d'origine nuléaire (NEP) dans les plastes d'épinard." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10055.
Full textCerutti, Elena. "Nucleotide Excision Repair at the crossroad with transcription." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1057.
Full textThe integrity of DNA is continuously challenged by a variety of endogenous and exogenous agents (e.g. ultraviolet light, cigarette smoke, environmental pollution, oxidative damage, etc.) that cause DNA lesions which interfere with proper cellular functions. Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) mechanism removes helix-distorting DNA adducts such as UV-induced lesions and it exists in two distinct sub-pathways depending where DNA lesions are located within the genome. One of these sub pathways is directly linked to the DNA transcription by RNA Polymerase 2 (TCR). In the first part of this work, we demonstrated that a fully proficient NER mechanism is also necessary for repair of ribosomal DNA, transcribed by RNA polymerase 1 and accounting for the 60 % of the total cellular transcription. Furthermore, we identified and clarified the mechanism of two proteins responsible for the UV-dependent nucleolar repositioning of RNAP1 and rDNA observed during repair. In the second part of this work, we studied the molecular function of the XAB2 protein during NER repair and we demonstrated its involvement in the TCR process. In addition, we also shown the presence of XAB2 in a pre-mRNA splicing complex. Finally, we described the impact of XAB2 on RNAP2 mobility during the first steps of TCR repair, thus suggesting a role of XAB2 in the lesion recognition process
Devert, Anthony. "Etude des ARN Polymérases ARN-dépendantes impliquées dans le RNA silencing." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22086.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study RNA-dependent RNA polymerases involved in RNA silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana. During my thesis, the search for RDR interactors among proteins involved in RNA silencing allowed the detection of interactions between RDR6 and SDE3, RDR6 and SGS3, and also between SDE3 and SGS3 using Co-IP and BiFC. In addition, the co-localisation of these proteins was observed when produced transiently in epidermal cells of N. Benthamiana.A screen of an A. thaliana cDNA library by yeast two hybrid allowed us to identify some putative new RDR6 interactors. Two putative RDR6 interactors, AtUAP56 and U2B’’, are known to be involved in pre-miRNA splicing. Furthermore, a link between pre-mRNA 3’ splicing and RNA silencing was previously reported. We also confirmed the interaction between AtUAP56-1 and RDR6 by BiFC. An investigation of A. thaliana of AtUAP56-1 mutants has been initiated.Recombinant RDRs were produced transiently in N. Benthamiana, and a biochemical comparative study of RDR2 and RDR6 performed. We found that RDR2, like RDR6, has a de novo polymerase activity on DNA and RNA templates, and for both RDRs we also showed, for the first time, a primer-dependant synthesis of dsRNA from RNA template. These findings provide important new insights into our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of RNA silencing amplification in Arabidopsis
Berger, Axel Bernhard. "Quantitative and functional analysis of chromosome dynamics : influence of the nucleolus on the regulation of gene expression." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112226.
Full textChromatin is distributed non-randomly within the cell nucleus. Its spatial organization has been demonstrated to be important for nuclear metabolism such as, DNA replication, reparation or transcription. I studied the budding yeast HMG-box protein Hmo1. A screen demonstrated that this chromatin-associated protein is genetically linked to the RNA polymerase (Pol) I, to genes coding for ribosomal proteins (RPGs) as well as to genes implicated in stress response. I could show that Hmo1 physically interacts with the rRNA coding gene transcribed by Pol I and with a subset of RPG promoters. Global expression analyses showed a clear dependence on Hmo1 for the expression of a sub-set of RPGs. An hmo1 deletion strain is also largely alleviated in repressing RPG transcription after TOR complex 1 inhibition. These results suggested that Hmo1 is implicated in Pol I transcription as well as RPG regulation. Since Hmo1 is a bona fide nucleolar factor, we wanted to test if Pol II transcribed RPGs associated with Hmo1 are localized in the proximity of the nucleolus. We first developed a new method allowing determination of gene localization probabilities with very high accuracy and with respect to the nucleolus. We could demonstrate by analyzing thousands of cells, that genes are confined into sub-nuclear volumes. These ‘gene territories’ show a locus specific size and can be remodeled upon transcriptional activation. Applying this new method to Pol II transcribed genes required for ribosome biogenesis, such as the RPGs, indicates that the localization of the gene on the chromatin fiber has important implications for its three dimensional positioning
Thomen, Philippe. "Transcription par une ARN polymérase : mesures de forces à l'échelle de la molécule unique." Paris 6, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011391.
Full textCarradec, Quentin. "Mécanismes et fonctions de la voie d'ARN interférence induite par ARN double brin chez Paramecium tetraurelia." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066161/document.
Full textThe ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia is an interesting model to study the diversity and evolution of RNA interference (RNAi) pathways. One of the vegetative RNAi pathways is induced by feeding cells with bacteria producing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) homologous to a given gene, which is then post-transcriptionally silenced through the production of 23-nt siRNAs. A forward genetic screen allowed us to obtain Mendelian mutants deficient in dsRNA-induced RNAi, and mutated genes were identified by whole-genome resequencing. 6 genes were identified: one Dicer, two RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDR1 et 2), one nucleotidyl-transferase (CID1) and two genes encoding novel poteins (PDS1 and 2). To study their roles in siRNA biosynthesis or action, we sequenced small RNAs from wild-type or mutants cells fed with a dsRNA homologous to a non-essential endogenous gene. Bioinformatic analyses showed that 'primary' siRNAs are produced from the bacterial dsRNA trigger, while 'secondary' siRNAs, predominantly of antisense polarity, are produced from the whole length of the targeted endogenous mRNA. While primary siRNA production requires all of the genes studied, the results only implicate RDR2 in the production of secondary siRNAs. Finally, I showed that some clusters of endogenous siRNAs depend on RDR1 and CID1, whereas others depend on RDR2. Paramecium was also shown to produce siRNAs that are antisense to bacterial ribosomal RNAs, suggesting new hypotheses about the possible natural functions of this pathway
Imbert, Emmanuelle. "Interactions de dérivés phosphoryles du polystyrène avec les facteurs de transcription de l'ARN polymérase II." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA132003.
Full textSwale, Christopher. "RNA binding and assembly of human influenza A virus polymerases." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV053/document.
Full textInfluenza A virus is a negative-strand RNA virus belonging to the Orthomyxoviriadea family whose replication occurs in the nucleus of infected cells. The genome organisation of influenza virus is segmented in eight vRNA segments of negative polarity coding for at least 16 different viral proteins. Each vRNA is bound to multiple copies of nucleoprotein (NP) and to the heterotrimeric RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase complex (PA, PB1 and PB2) through its 5' and 3' extremities. This macromolecular assembly (vRNA/polymerase/NP) forms the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle, which acts as a separate genomic entity within the virion. The RNP complex is at the core of viral replication and in the context of RNPs, the polymerase performs both transcription and replication of the vRNA genome. As such, the polymerase constitutes a major antiviral drug target. The research work presented within this thesis focuses on the underlying determinants of the RNA polymerase assembly process and its interaction with its vRNA genome. To fulfill these goals, our lab, in collaboration with other groups, has set up a novel polyprotein expression system to express the polymerase but also to reconstitute polymerase and cellular partner complexes, notably RanBP5, which belongs to the importin-β family
Egloff, Sylvain. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de la ribonucléoparticule 7SK chez les eucaryotes supérieurs." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30143.
Full textBouchoux, Céline. "Etude de Ctk1, une CTD kinase impliquée dans la transcription par l'ARN polymérase I chez saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066440.
Full textHazoumé, Adonis. "Contribution à l’étude de l’ARN polymérase II de Plasmodium falciparum." Strasbourg 1, 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2008/HAZOUME_Adonis_2008.pdf.
Full textThe parasite Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of the most burdensome form of human malaria. His RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is responsible for transcription of protein coding genes. The sequencing of the full genome of the parasite enabled us to recover a complete set of genes sequences encoding the putative RNAPII subunits of the parasite. We have cloned those subunits by genetic reconstitution. We investigated the functional conservation of the Plasmodium RNAPII subunits using a genetic test in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The subunits PfRPB4-5-7-9 and 12 can complement defective yeast mutants. Those results demonstrate that those subunits are orthologs of yeast conterparts. We establish then some stable yeast strains expressing Plasmodium proteins. No interspecific complementation was observed for the subunits PfRPB3-6-8-10-11. We construct viable yeast strain where the residus implicated in the interaction of the mushrom toxin alpha-amanitin where substituted by their homologs in Plasmodium and human. We screen those strains with a chemical compounds library. We don’t find any drug enable to distinguish the modified strains from wild-type one. But this screen, consisting in a simple cellular test and easy to perform, could permit to identify drugs that inhibit the transcriptional activity of the parasite enzyme. Those chemical compounds will the fist step towards the discovery of a potential new class of antimalarials drugs. In this work, we also study the human RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) hRPB11a subunit. We performed an interaction analysis using the two hybrid-system in yeast. The results confirmed that hRPB11a was indeed capable of interacting with itself. We were able to crystallise the purified hRPB11a subunit. The X-ray diffraction patterns at 3,4 Å resolution allows to infer the structure of an homodimer of the hRPB11a protein
Muniz, Lisa. "Bases moléculaires de l'assemblage de la snRNP 7SK séquestrant P-TEFb et de son désassemblage par la protéine Tat du VIH-1." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2408/.
Full textSynthesis of mRNAs by RNA Pol II is tightly controlled at the step of transcription elongation by the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) that is a cyclin-dependent kinase composed of Cdk9 and cyclin T. P-TEFb is a general transcription factor that is required for efficient expression of most protein-coding genes as well as for production of full-length transcripts from the integrated HIV-1 genome. In human cells, about half of P-TEFb forms a kinase-inactive ribonucleoprotein (RNP) with the 7SK snRNA and the HEXIM, LARP7, and MePCE proteins. While LARP7 and MePCE bind stably to and provide stability for 7SK snRNA, P-TEFb and HEXIM show a dynamic, transcription-dependent association with 7SK snRNA. Transcription initiated from the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter of the integrated HIV-1 genome is controlled predominantly at the level of elongation. The processivity of HIV transcription depends on the viral transactivator Tat that recruits P-TEFb to the RNA Pol II. Besides tethering P-TEFb to the RNA pol II, Tat also promotes the disassembly of the 7SK/HEXIM/P-TEFb snRNP to increase the nuclear level of active P-TEFb in infected cells. I focused my research on trying to understand how the 7SK snRNP is assembled and how the HIV-1 Tat protein is able to disrupt it. We have demonstrated that the 5' hairpin of 7SK contains two binding sites for the HEXIM protein; under in vivo conditions these two HEXIM binding sites of 7SK snRNA recruit two copies of HEXIM in a tightly interdependent manner. We then showed that Tat and HEXIM bind to the 7SK snRNA in a mutually exclusive manner. Tat efficiently replaces HEXIM1 on the 7SK RNA in vivo and therefore, it promotes the disassembly of the 7SK/HEXIM/P-TEFb negative transcriptional regulatory RNP to increase the nuclear level of active P-TEFb. Finally, we have identified the 7SK snRNA elements involved in the binding of the LARP7 and MePCE proteins
Albert, Benjamin. "Étude de l'organisation spatiale de la transcription des gènes d'ADN ribosomiques." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1630/.
Full textPol I is the most active and abundant RNA polymerase in eukaryotes. Its enormous transcriptional output can best be visualized using the DNA spread method previously developed by Miller et al. (1969), where the 35S rRNA genes (rDNA) adopt a "Christmas tree" conformation. Pol I activity is associated with the largest nuclear body, the nucleolus, where all earlier steps of ribosome biogenesis take place. In this work, we studied transcription by pol I at different level. At level of the organization of rDNA genes in the nuclear volume, and at molecular level, we studied both function of specific subunits of pol I and role of HMGB proteins on transcription of rDNA. In part, we studied spatial organization of chromosome XII which contains all rDNA genes. Focusing on chromosome XII, we could sample positions of loci distributed on chromosome arms, and extrapolate gene territories determination of the entire chromosome. We could show that the nucleolus is a major determinant of the organization of genome of S. Cerevisiae. Moreover, we have also speculated about spatial organization of rDNA gene in the nucleolus. We have also shown that the Rpa49 and Rpa34 Pol I subunits, which do not have counterparts in Pol II and Pol III complexes, are functionally conserved. Statistical analysis of Miller spreads in the absence of Rpa49 demonstrates a fourfold decrease in Pol I loading rate per gene and decreased contact between adjacent Pol I complexes. We have suggested that Rpa34 and Rpa49 Pol I-specific subunits are essential for nucleolar assembly and for the High polymerase loading rate associated with frequent contact between adjacent enzymes. Moreover, we shown that Pol I activation is achieved by a conserved Pol I transcription factor containing an HMG-B box motif, called HMG-P protein. We could identify three interchangeable HMG-P by heterospecific complementation assay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hmo1 in budding yeast, UBF1, the major regulator of rRNAs transcription in human and a newly characterize fission yeast Sp-Hmo1. We have proposed that stimulation is achieved by maintaining active genes competent for productive elongation
Harismendy, Olivier. "Etude de la régulation de la transcription par l'ARN polymérase III chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae : approches par puces à ADN." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077094.
Full textSpiluttini, Béatrice. "Interaction du snARN U1 de l'épissage avec l'ARN polymérase II." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814598.
Full textDa, Silva Daniel. "Caractérisation des deux isoformes de l’ARN Polymérase III Humaine." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21908/document.
Full textTranscription in eukaryotic nuclei is carried out by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I, II, and III. Human RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes small untranslated RNAs that include tRNAs, 5S RNA, U6 RNA, and some microRNAs. Increased Pol III transcription has been reported to accompany or cause cell transformation. In the laboratory, we described a Pol III subunit (RPC32β) that led to the demonstration of two human Pol III isoforms (Pol IIIα and Pol IIIβ). RPC32β-containing Pol IIIβ is ubiquitously expressed and essential for growth of human cells. RPC32α-containing Pol IIIα is dispensable for cell survival, with expression being restricted to undifferentiated ES cells and to tumor cells. In this regard, and most importantly, ectopic expression of RPC32α in fibroblast IMR90 enhances cell transformation and dramatically changes the expression of several tumor-related mRNAs and that of a subset of Pol III RNAs. These results identify a human Pol III isoform and isoform-specific functions in the regulation of cell growth, the differentiation and transformation. (Haurie et al., 2010).The work described in this manuscript enables identification and understanding the function of the two human Pol III isoforms. Pol IIIα and Pol IIIβ are purified in order to describe all the protein components of the two Pol III complex. During this study, we observed that post-translated modifications of RPC32α seem to have a crucial function in oncogenic capacity of Pol IIIα. To understand how Pol IIIα and Pol IIIβ can affect Pol II RNA expression, in particular during cell transformation induced by RPC32α, we studied this regulation during the overexpression of the two paralogue subunits. We performed focused analysis, this study revealed the regulation of certain genes involved in the development, the differentiation and the tumorigenesis. We also tried to describe global gene expression modification using microarray technology. This new and powerful approach enables to obtain a global view on mRNA regulation by overexpression of RPC32α and RPC32β. We observed the effect of Pol III on embryo development, cell differentiation, cell survival, tumor proliferation and on innate immune response. The results of this study need further confirmation pave the way for interesting projects which are worth going into detail for the future
Gerlach, Piotr. "La structure et la fonction de la polymérase d'orthobunyavirus La Crosse." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV013/document.
Full textViruses are not more than particles composed of lipids and/or proteins with genetic information – the viral RNA or DNA genome – embedded inside. In order to be efficient, once they enter the host cell they need to multiply this genetic information, package it into new viral particles and spread out from the cell. While in order to produce viral proteins viruses highjack cellular machinery, for replicating their genome most viruses use their own, specialized polymerases.Bunyaviridae is the largest viral family of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses, comprising also Arenaviridae and Orthomyxoviridae families. Some bunyaviruses are causative agents of severe human diseases including heamorrhagic fevers, encephalitis and meningitis. Others infect a variety of plants and animals posing a significant economic threat to the crop cultivation and cattle breeding.RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses are multifunctional machines, able to perform both de novo genome replication via positive-strand cRNA intermediate, and viral mRNA transcription using cap-snatched host-derived mRNA primer. Viral RNA genome of bunyaviruses, arenaviruses, and orthomyxoviruses is divided into three, two, and eight segments respectively. Each segment, coated by nucleoproteins and attached through its conserved 3′ and 5′ ends to the polymerase, constitutes an individual ribonucleoprotein particle – an autonomous RNA synthesis unit.The scope of the PhD project described in this thesis was the structural and functional characterization of the La Crosse orthobunyavirus polymerase, also named the L protein. It was based on the hypothesis that all polymerases of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses share a similar domain organization and mode of action. During the 1st year attempts were made to confirm and characterize a putative C-terminal cap-binding domain. During the 2nd year project was extended to study 3′ and 5′ vRNA ends interactions with the full length and C-terminus truncated L protein. Facing difficulties to establish replication and transcription assays in vitro, vRNA binding studies and co-crystallizastion were continued during the 3rd year. This finally led to the main achievement of the thesis – the x-ray structure of La Crosse orthobunyavirus polymerase in complex with vRNA. Obtained structure is a breakthrough in the bunyavirus field. It reveals – unlike it was initially believed – conserved, sequence specific and separate binding sites for 3′ and 5′ vRNA ends located within the polymerase. The 5′ vRNA end binding allosterically structures one of the conserved catalytic motifs within the polymerase active site. The structure sheds also some new light on bunyaviral replication and transcription mechanisms. There exist two distinct product and template exit channels, suggesting that the nascent RNA strand is separated from the template and leaves the polymerase as the single-strand RNA. Close proximity of the template entry and exit channels explains how the polymerase can translocate along the genomic template with minimal disruption of the RNP.In parallel to the La Crosse polymerase structure, structures of Influenza A and B heterotrimeric polymerases in complex with vRNA were also obtained in Stephen Cusack group. This gave a great opportunity to compare the domain organization and the nature of vRNA binding by viral polymerases belonging to Bunyaviriadae and Orthomyxoviridae families, and proved that despite minimal sequence homology the structural similarities are striking. This strongly suggests an evolutionary common ancestor, which can possibly be shared with non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses as well
Palancade, Benoît. "Propriétés de l'ARN polymérase II et de sa phosphatase FCP1 dans l'embryon précoce de Xénope." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066284.
Full textMonod, Alexandre. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de l'ARN-polymérase du virus de la grippe." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV045/document.
Full textInfluenza A virus is a negative single stranded RNA virus that replicates in the nucleus of infected cells. Its genome contains eight single stranded negative-sense RNA segments (vRNA) covered by the viral nucleoprotein (NP). The highly conserved 3' and 5' ends of the vRNA are bound to the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) which consists of three subunits, PA, PB1 and PB2. The complex between vRNA, NP and the RdRp forms a particle called ribonucleoprotein (RNP). The RNP acts as an independent molecular machine for transcription and replication in the nucleus. Within the context of the RNP, these two processes are mediated by the RdRp. The influenza A RdRp complex has been remarkably intractable to structural analysis and in the last eight years, crystal structures of independent domains covering roughly half of the heterotrimeric RdRp have been determined. In addition, electron microscopy reconstructions have described the RdRp. Nonetheless, a complete model characterizing the RdRp as a whole is still lacking. To overcome this issue, a new strategy has been developed to obtain the RdRp heterotrimeric complex using the baculovirus infected cells expression system. This method has produced a truncated form of the flu A RdRp which has been studied from a structural and functional point of view. Several three-dimensional reconstructions by electron microscopy have been obtained and a crystal structure at low resolution (7,7 Å) has been solved. Functional studies focused on the activities carried by the truncated RdRp and a particular emphasis was placed on the study of the interactions with RNA. In vitro functional data showed highly metal ion-dependent activities. To know more about the subcellular metal context, metallic ions distribution in influenza A infected cells has been studied by X-ray microscopy giving the opportunity to integrate biochemical and biophysical data in the context of the whole cell
Tavenet, Arounie. "Caractérisation de la régulation de la transcription par l'ARN polymérase III chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112227/document.
Full textRNA polymerase III synthetizes many small untranslated RNA, including tRNA and 5S rRNA which are essential to cell growth. In this work, we took an interest in RNA polymerase III transcription regulation in the baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have detected Sub1 on all class III genes in vivo. We also observed that Sub1 is able to stimulate RNA polymerase III transcription which has been reconstituted in vitro with TFIIIB et TFIIIC recombinants factors and purified RNA polymerase III. Sub1 stimulates two steps of RNA polymerase III transcription : initiation and facilitated reinitiation. Supplementary experiments established that Sub1 directly interacts with TFIIIB and TFIIIC transcription factors. Finally, we showed that Sub1 deletion in yeast leads to a decrease in RNA polymerase III transcription during exponential phase. Then, we tried to determine which link could exist between Sub1, the activator, and Maf1, the repressor of RNA polymerase III transcription. Furthermore, we attempted to identify other elements which could interact with Sub1 during transcription regulation
Sourimant, Julien. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de la polymérase du virus respiratoire syncytial." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS019V.
Full textRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of calves bronchopneumonia andinfants bronchiolitis. Neither vaccine nor antiviral treatments are currently available for use inhumans. Viral genome is replicated and transcribed by a set of viral proteins constituting theviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex: the nucleoprotein (N), thephosphoprotein (P), the transcription factor (M2-1) and the large subunit (L). This workaimed to unveil new structural and functional data regarding the viral RdRp, especially the PLcouple. With this aim in view, I have first conceived a protocol to produce and purifyrecombinant L and P proteins expressed in insect cells. This tool enabled the fine mappingand characterization of the L binding domain of the RSV phosphoprotein. This highlightedthe interaction between the L protein and the C-terminal region of the P protein, especiallyresidues 216 to 239. Further data suggests that this area constitutes an alpha helix formingmolecular recognition element (« MoRE ») during P-L interaction. Furthermore, this studyunveiled a new region of the P protein encompassing residues 164 to 205, involved in therecruitment of L protein to viral inclusion bodies. These new results open the way toupcoming structural studies of RSV RdRp and allow us to define a new target for thedevelopment of antiviral drugs against RSV
Ghavi-Helm, Yad. "Etude à grande échelle du rôle de TFIIS et de ses partenaires dans la transcription chez les eucaryotes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00446842.
Full textProd'Homme-Gentil, Delphine. "Détection et étude de la localisation de l'ARN polymérase ARN-dépendante du virus de la mosai͏̈que jaune du navet (TYMV)." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077157.
Full textEl, Ayoubi Leyla. "Etude fonctionnelle des sous-unités hRPC62 et hRPC39 de l’ARN Polymérase III humaine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0007.
Full textIn eukaryotes, nuclear transcription is carried out by DNA dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) I, II and III. Pol I transcribes ribosomal RNA’s, Pol II produces essentially messenger and micro RNA’s whereas Pol III transcribes small untranslated RNA’s involved in a variety of cellular processes such as translation, splicing or the regulation of transcription. Human Pol III is a multi-subunit enzyme composed of 17 subunits. The majority of these subunits are homologous or closely related to Pol II and/or Pol I subunits. However, five subunits are specific to Pol III with no counterparts in Pol I or Pol II. One of the Pol III specific subunits, hRPC32 has two paralogues, α and β, expressed from two different genes. hRPC32β is expressed ubiquitously while hRPC32α expression is specific to transformed or non-differentiated cells. Within the Pol III enzyme, hRPC32α or β associate with two other Pol III specific subunits, hRPC62 and hRPC39, to form stable ternary sub-complexes thought to be implicated in transcription initiation. The purpose of this work was to clarify the functional mechanism of hRPC32α/β-hRPC62-hRPC39 sub-complexes. In this study, we first mapped the protein-protein interaction of hRPC62 with hRPC32α and hRPC32β. Second, we performed a biochemical study of hRPC62 and hRPC39 enzymatic activities. This analysis showed that hRPC62 has functional homologies with TFIIEα, a Pol II transcription factor recently described as a structural homolog of hRPC62. These results support the model that certain RNA polymerase subunits can be considered as transcription factors that have been stably recruited to the enzyme
Gajda, Anna Ewa. "Regulation of a gene transcription by RNA polymerase III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae : the role of evolutionarily conserved domains of the Maf1 protein, RNA polymerase III repressor." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112224.
Full textYeast cell encounters numerous environ mental situations that require a rapid and efficient adaptation of cellular melabolism to changing Iife conditions. One of the first responses is the inhibition of RNA polymerase III (Pol llI) transcription. The Maf1 protein, the unique negative regulator of the Pol III apparatus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc), is conserved through evolution. The family of eukaryotic Maf1 share highly conserved amino acid sequence with two easily recognizable regions called A and BC domains. The work performed during this PhD thesis concerns the role of these evolutionary conserved domains in the activity of ScMaf1. I have constructed a Iibrary of Maf1, identified and localized the mutations of corresponding Maf1 proteins and studied the phenotype. Using yeast two-hybrid system, I have found the A and BC domains interact physically and defined the minimal 34 aa fragment of the A domain involved in this interaction. Using genetic screen for internal suppressor mutations, I have identified that mutations localized in BC domain (D250E, V260D-N344I) recovered the activity of Maf1 mutated in A domain (K35E), as deduced from no defected growth, efficient Pol III repression, phosphorylation and cellular localization of identified suppressors. The identified K35E mutation disrupted physical interaction between Maf1 domains unless the presence of additional D250E or V260D-N344I suppressor mutations occurred. The Take Home message from the results obtained during my PhD thesis is that: "Full repression of Pol III requires the physical interaction between Maf1 domains"
Morin, Benjamin. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de protéines de virus à ARN impliquées dans la réplication virale et la réponse cellulaire à l'infection." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22102.pdf.
Full textThe structural and functional studies of emergent viruses are restricted to few viruses whose overall impact is already established and predictable. Though, the RNA virus world is incredibly wide and increasingly presents new possibilities of emerging pathogens. During my PhD I studied 2 types of proteins involved in replication of these interesting viral pathogens. The L protein of negative strand RNA viruses ((‐)RNA) is the essential RNA polymerase for transcription and replication of the viral genome. Because of the difficulty of producing crystals of the entire protein, very few structural and functional data are available. I generated and studied soluble domains of these proteins and solved the first crystallographic structure of a L protein. I found that it harbors an endonuclease fold conserved in all segmented (‐)RNA viruses, with a putative role in stabilization of viral mRNAs. These results make this domain a suitable target for antiviral research specifically directed against these viruses. During a viral infection the cell is able of generate an antiviral response, the Interferon (IFN) response pathway, which occurs via oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) /Ribonuclease L (RNase L) involvement. However, viruses use different ways to protect themselves from this cellular response. The actual knowledge on the conserved viral macro domains suggests that they could interact with 2’‐5‘ oligoadenylates (2‐5As), which are signalling molecules in the induction of the IFN response pathway. I developed a method to produce 2‐5As on a large scale. Then I crystallized the macro nsp3 domain of Chikunguya virus in complex with a 2‐5A trimer. These studies open perspectives of research about the relation between viruses and one of the defense mechanism against viral infection, that involving OAS and RNase L
Reigadas, Sandrine. "L'ARN polymérase ARN dépendante du virus de l'Hépatite C (VHC) : expression et étude de son mécanisme d'action in vitro : recherche d'inhibiteurs." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20942.
Full textEsnault, Cyril. "Etude des interactions entre le médiateur et les facteurs généraux de la transcription par l’ARN polymérase II." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112168.
Full textIn eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is responsible for the transcription of coding genes and a large number of non-coding RNAs. The first step in transcription activation is the recognition of DNA motifs by activators that trigger the recruitment of co-activators, general transcription factors (GTFs) and ultimately Pol II to form a preinitiation complex (PIC). During my thesis, we focused our study on Mediator, a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in this process. We found different interactions between the Mediator and transcription factors that inform how it could influence the transcription initiation. First, we discovered a genetic interaction between MED31 that encodes the most conserved Mediator subunit and DST1 that encode the elongation factor TFIIS. Surprisingly, we revealed a new role for TFIIS which acts in conjunction with Mediator during transcription initiation to recruit Pol II on promoter. Then, we identified a direct interaction between Med11 head Mediator subunit and Rad3 TFIIH subunit. We explored the significance of this interaction and those of Med11 with Med17 and Med22 head module subunits and found that impairing these interactions could differentially affect the recruitment of TFIIH, TFIIE and Pol II in PIC or destabilize the association of TFIIH modules. We also found that a med11 mutation that altered promoter occupancy by TFIIK kinase module of TFIIH reduced Pol II CTD serine 5 phosphorylation. We conclude that the Mediator head module plays a critical role in TFIIH, TFIIE and PolII recruitment in PIC. Altogether, these results suggest a branched assembly pathway in PIC formation
Naderi, Kambiz. "Contribution à la détermination de la structure de la sous-unité RPB11 de l’ARN polymérase II humaine." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6094.
Full textThe RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) enzyme transcribes nearly of the whole eukaryotic nuclear genome. Controling its activity as well as its coupling with other nuclear processes such as DNA reparation is especially critical to avoid tumorogenesis and cancer. RNAPII consists in complex of 12 subunits. Though its assembly process is still poorly characterized, the formation of an heterodimer between, RPB3 and RPB11 subunits seems to be a critical step. We have analyzed the interactions between the RBP3 and RPB11 subunits, either human or yeast, and the effect of various mutations of RPB11 on these interactions. We demonstrate that the POLR2J1 encoded human RPB11 isoform is able to dimerize in contrast to its yeast counterpart. Mutations affecting an peptidic motif known as the “α-motif”, that is found up to the alpha subunit of eubacterial RNA polymerase, affect RPB11 homodimeric and RPB3/RPB11 heterodimeric interactions differentally. In an effort to contribute to the resolution of the three-dimensional structure of the human RNAPII, we were able to cristallize this human RPB11 subunit. We performed a genetic characterization of the RNAPII of Plasmodium falciparum. After reconstitution and cloning 10 putative RNAPII subunits, we performed yeast genetic complementation assays. We demonstrated that five subunits were indeed functional in a yeast heterologous system (RPB4, 5, 7, 9 and 12), and five not (RPB3, 6, 8, 10 and 11). In addition, we engineered yeast cell lines whose RNAPII was modified so as to mimick either the human or the Plasmodium falciparum active sites
Landrieux, Emilie. "Etude fonctionnelle de la sous-unité C37 de l'ARN polymérase III de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077108.
Full textKandan-Kulangara, Febitha. "Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and RNA interference (RNAI) during cell death." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25972.
Full textBen, ouirane Kaouther. "Apport des approches in silico aux études structure-fonction de la polymérase du virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS323.
Full textThe hepatitis C virus is an RNA virus that synthesises its new genomes in the infected host cells thanks to an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) termed NS5B. This polymerase has been a prime target for antiviral therapy. Numerous direct antiviral drugs are now approved in the HCV treatment and allow very high rates of treatment success. These drugs target among others the HCV NS5B RdRp with the sofosbuvir being one of the most successful drugs.Tremendous efforts have been made in the past decades to characterize NS5B, in particular structurally and biochemically. However, there is little information about the molecular mechanisms of NS5B ribonucleotides entry and selection and in general on the atomistic details of the RNA replication mechanism, although the involvement of two magnesium dications in catalysis is well established in this family of polymerases. Since 2015, structures of ternary complexes of NS5B have been resolved by crystallography offering very valuable details about the binding of nucleotides at the NS5B active site.In this work, we took advantage of these structural data to address the ribonucleotides entry and to further explore the nucleotide addition cycle in NS5B using molecular modelling and molecular dynamics simulations. We used both conventional molecular dynamics techniques and biased simulations that enhance sampling such as Steered Molecular Dynamics (SMD), Targeted Molecular Dynamics (TMD) or accelerated Molecular dynamics (aMD).Based on our modelling results, we found that the access to the active site through the nucleotides tunnel is checked by successive NS5B elements. First, the entering ribonucleotide together with an associated magnesium Mg(B) binds next to a loop that overhangs the nucleotide tunnel and interactions with its triphosphate moiety orient it base-first towards the active site. Second, the ribonucleotide encounters a checkpoint constituted by the residues of motif F3(R158) and motif F1(E143) where it is blocked until the arrival of a second magnesium ion, the Mg(A). This allowed the motif F3 to undergo small structural rearrangements leading to the advancement of the nucleotide towards the active site to interrogate the RNA template base prior to the complete nucleotide insertion into the active site.Our simulations pointed out that these dynamics are finely regulated by the second magnesium dication, thus coordinating the entry of the correct magnesium-bound nucleotide with shuttling of the second magnesium necessary for the two-metal ion catalysis. This entry mechanism is specific to viral RdRps and may explain why modified ribonucleotides can be so successful as drugs against RNA viruses
Sabourin-Félix, Marianne. "Développement et application d'un outil bio-informatique pour cartographier la machinerie de l'ARN polymérase I chez les mammifères." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29846.
Full textChromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a technique that allows to visualize interactions between DNA and proteins. However in practice, the resolution of this technique leaves much to be desired. During our studies of the ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA), we observed that one major factor limiting resolution results from the unequal recovery of sequence data across any given locus. This inequality is superimposed on the actual distribution of immunoprecipitated DNA sequences resulting in aberrant protein binding profiles. A software was developed to correct the unequal coverage of ChIP-seq data by normalizing to the input (Whole Cell Extract) with a deconvolution protocol. When applied on the rDNA, this approach has been especially useful in providing a detailed map of chromatin and transcription factor distribution across the gene. On the other hand, genome-wide localization of protein interaction sites for UBF, a transcription factor associated to rDNA, coupled with DNase-seq and microarray experiments shed light on the potential roles of UBF in non-ribosomal regions. In conclusion, we developed a tool allowing the normalization by deconvolution of high-throughput sequencing data that allows to increase the resolution of protein binding profiles on the rDNA. In addition we identified the potential roles of UBF at genome scale.
Pflieger, Aude. "Etude des interactions de PTF (Proximal sequence element-binding Transcription Factor) et de leurs foctions au sein de la transcription par L'ARN polymérase III humaine." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21389.
Full textIn order to study the structure and the function of the complex PTF within the human RNA polymerase III transcription basal system but also in order to widen knowledge outside this system and to highlight regulators of the RNA polymerase III transcription, I undertook by double-hybrid the study of the interaction partners of the complex sub-units. I showed in vitro an interaction between sub-units PTFα and PTFβ and between proteins PTFα and Brf2. I proposed a potential regulator of the RNA polmerase III transcription. A model of regulation utilizing this protein posed at the laboratory seems to be confirmed. The results obtained are very encouraging and important since we know that during cellular transformation the RNA polymerase III transcription is down-regulated. However complementary experiments are necessary to confirm this model
Zlatev, Ivan. "Synthèse et étude d'analogues de dinucléosides phosphoramidates - inhibiteurs de la polymérase NS5B du Virus de l’Hépatite C." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20129.
Full textWith more than 3% of the world's population chronically infected, hepatitis C is nowadays one of the leading infectious diseases. The research and development of novel antiviral molecules is hence of great importance. We describe in this manuscript the development and the synthesis of two major series of phosphoramidate dinucleosides 2'-O-methylguanosin-3'-yl-cytidin-5'-yle and 2'-O-methylguanosin-3'-yl-3'-désoxycytidin-5'-yle, used as HCV polymerase inhibitors. The target compounds were evaluated in vitro on a purified recombinant NS5B polymerase and in cells containing a HCV sub-genomic replica. Tested compounds exhibited modest inhibitory activity towards HCV replication
Van, Herreweghe-Argentieri Elodie. "Régulation de l'élongation de la transcription par les ribonucléoparticules contenant l'ARN 7SK." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/297/.
Full textIn eukaryotic cells, messenger RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase II requires activity of the positive transcription elongation factor P-TEFb. This factor, composed of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) and cyclin T1, allows transcription elongation of cellular messenger RNA by RNA polymerase II phosphorylation. In HeLa cells, 50% of P-TEFb is included into a ribonucleoprotein complex in addition to the small nuclear 7SK RNA and the HEXIM protein. When P-TEFb is involved in this complex, its kinase activity is abolished. Therefore , the interaction between P-TEFb, 7SK and HEXIM is a major control mechanism of P-TEFb activity. Until now, P-TEFb and HEXIM were the only identified partner of 7SK RNA. Our experiments allowed us to identify new proteins in vitro associated with 7SK. In addition, the in vivo binding of hnRNP A1, hnRNP A2/B1, hnRNP R/Q and RHA to 7SK has also been confirmed. These proteins are part of a complex different of the HEXIM/P-TEFb particule. 7SK is indeed found in several distinct ribonucleoparticules. These particles reside in a dynamic equilibrium and can be exchanged, for example under cellular stress, in favour of a release of free P-TEFb. So, hnRNP proteins binding to 7SK is an essential factor for P-TEFb release under stress and plays an active role in P-TEFb activity regulation. These data enable us to provide new clues in the understanding of the regulation of P-TEFb, which is a major actor in global control of cell growth and differentiation
Devaux, Sara. "Recherche de facteurs impliqués dans le contrôle de l'expression des gènes d'antigènes de surface chez Trypanosoma brucei." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210740.
Full textNous nous sommes donc intéressés aux mécanismes de transcription, impliqués dans la régulation de l’expression des gènes. Chez les autres eucaryotes, les gènes codant pour des protéines sont toujours transcrits par une ARN polymérase de type II (Pol II). Les ARN codant pour des protéines subissent en effet une maturation particulière (épissage et polyadénylation) et la machinerie enzymatique nécessaire à cette maturation est spécifiquement recrutée par la Pol II. Une particularité étonnante des gènes de PROCYCLINE et de VSG est qu’ils sont transcrits par une ARN polymérase de type I (Pol I) mais les transcrits résultants sont maturés comme s’ils étaient transcrits par la Pol II. L’hypothèse à la base de ce travail est que la régulation de l’expression des gènes codant pour la PROCYCLINE et le VSG s’effectue via le recrutement, au niveau de la Pol I, d’un/de facteurs normalement associé(s) à la Pol II. Nous avons donc tenté de trouver un lien entre les machineries Pol I et Pol II du parasite. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes intéressés d’une part au facteur de transcription TFIIH et d’autre part à la machinerie de transcription Pol II du trypanosome.
Le facteur TFIIH est un facteur de transcription qui interagit avec la Pol II mais aussi avec la Pol I chez d’autres eucaryotes. Il nous semblait donc être un bon facteur potentiel de lien entre les deux machineries de transcription. Nous avons dans un premier temps mis en évidence que six des dix sous-unités humaines de ce complexe ont des homologues chez le parasite et que au moins quatre d’entre elles forment un complexe. Nous avons ensuite montré que la présence de TFIIH est importante pour la transcription des gènes Pol II du parasite. Sa fonction dans la transcription des gènes Pol I devra être confirmée.
Par ailleurs, nous avons caractérisé la composition du complexe Pol II du parasite ce qui nous permet de conclure que la composition globale de la Pol II du parasite est conservée par rapport à celle de l’homme et de la levure. Nous avons aussi montré que la sous-unité RPB5 qui interagit avec le complexe Pol II n’est pas la même que celle qui interagit avec le complexe Pol I. Le trypanosome possède en effet deux gènes codant pour deux isoformes de RPB5 (RPB5 et RPB5z) alors que la majorité des eucaryotes ne possèdent qu’un seul variant de cette protéine. Nous avons mis en évidence au cours de ce travail que chaque isoforme était spécifique d’un complexe de polymérase particulier. L’isoforme associée à la Pol II et à la Pol III ressemble à la protéine homologue présente chez l’homme et la levure, tandis que l’isoforme associée à la Pol I diverge de cette isoforme canonique. Le même phénomène a été mis en évidence pour la sous-unité RPB6. La présence d’isoformes divergentes spécifiquement associées à la Pol I du parasite pourraient être liées aux capacités qu’à cette holoenzyme de transcrire des gènes codant pour des protéines.
Enfin, au cours de ce travail, nous avons montré que l’inhibition de la transcription Pol II perturbait l’expression spécifique de stade des gènes codant pour les antigènes de surface. Bien que le mécanisme sous-jacent reste inconnu, il est possible que l’inhibition de la transcription Pol II, créee artificiellement dans nos expériences, mime ce qui ce passe naturellement lorsque le parasite s’apprête à changer de stade.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bischler, Nicolas. "Etude structure-fonction des sous-unités spécifiques de l'ARN polymérase I de S. Cerevisiae par microscopie électronique et analyse d'images." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13169.
Full textCanet, Sylvain. "Implication de la sous-unité RpoS de l'ARN polymérase dans la régulation de l'expression de malT en fonction du pH extracellulaire chez Escherichia coli." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10169.
Full textDarrière, Tommy. "Etude de l'ARN polymérase I et du rôle de ses sous-unités spécifiques chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30293/document.
Full textIn eukaryotes cells, there are 3 nuclear RNA Polymerases (Pol I, II and III), each having a particular RNA synthesis function. The RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) produces a single transcript: the precursor of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which correspond to a massive transcription activity in the cell. Structural data of this 14-subunits enzyme is now available. This allows a better understanding of its operating mode, and confirmed that the Pol I has 3 specific subunits, also called "Built-in transcription factors", capable of regulatory activities. Two of them, Rpa49/Rpa34, are forming a heterodimer structurally related to the Pol II transcription factors TFIIF and TFIIE, implicated in both initiation and elongation of the transcription. The last one, Rpa12, is known to have a role in Pol I stability and the cleavage activity of the paused Pol I (via its C-terminus part), like its homologous TFIIS in the Pol II. We performed extensive genetic studies of Pol I mutants lacking one of these subunits: Rpa49 (rpa49Δ). This depletion is viable, but results in initiation and elongation problems. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of extragenic suppressors mapping point mutations in three subunits of Pol I restoring efficient Pol I activities in absence of Rpa49. All suppressor mutations identified were structurally mapped firstly in the two largest subunits Rpa190 and Rpa135 very closed to Rpa12, and then in Rpa12 itself, indicating a possible interplay between the Rpa49 and Rpa12 subunits, and the area around. Notably, a RNA pol I specific element in Rpa190, called "DNA Mimicking Loop", is structurally very closed to the region in which we find all of our suppressor mutations. The genetic, structural but also biochemical and functional characterizations of these suppressors allow us to propose roles of these Rpa49 and Rpa12 subunits, but also of the small area of Rpa190, which has never been highlighted before
Cavallini, Bruno. "Mise en évidence, purification, et clonage du gène, d'un facteur général de transcription de l'ARN polymérase B." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13159.
Full textTouzain, Fabrice. "Recherche des sites de régulation de la transcription dans des génomes bactériens." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10097.
Full textMany programs have been developed to identify transcription factor binding sites. Most of them are not able to infer two-word motifs with variable spacer lengths, characteristics of RNA polymerase Sigma (s) Factor Binding Sites (SFBSs). The aim of this thesis is to design an algorithm taking into account the biological structural observations about these sites, in order to their relevant prediction. We describe a new approach, SIGffRid (SIGma Factor binding sites Finder using R’MES to select Input Data), to identify SFBSs by comparing two related bacterial genomes. The method performs a simultaneous analysis of pairs of promoter regions of orthologous genes. SIGffRid uses a prior identification of over-represented patterns in whole genomes as selection criteria for potential -35 and -10 boxes. These patterns are then grouped using pairs of short seeds, allowing a variable-length spacer between them. This is followed by motif extension guided by statistical considerations. Finally, statitically feasible and relevant motifs are selected. We applied our method to the pair of related bacterial genomes of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Streptomyces avermitilis. We demonstrate that our approach combining statistical and biological criteria was successful to predict SFBSs, and envisage ameliorations