Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'ARNi'
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Segalotto, Matheus. "ARNI: an EEG-Based Model to Measure Program Comprehension." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7019.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T13:44:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus Segalotto_.pdf: 8717126 bytes, checksum: 94fda4721d448e49b82be91aaa8057c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-18
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares
A compreensão de programa é um processo cognitivo realizado no cérebro dos desenvolvedores para entender o código-fonte. Este processo cognitivo pode ser influenciado por vários fatores, incluindo o nível de modularização do código-fonte e o nível de experiência dos desenvolvedores de software. A compreensão de programa é amplamente reconhecida como uma tarefa com problemas de erro e esforço. No entanto, pouco foi feito para medir o esforço cognitivo dos desenvolvedores para compreender o programa. Além disso, esses fatores influentes não são explorados no nível de esforço cognitivo na perspectiva dos desenvolvedores de software. Além disso, alguns modelos de cognição foram criados para detectar indicadores de atividade cerebral, bem como dispositivos de eletroencefalografia (EEG) para suportar essas detecções. Infelizmente, eles não são capazes de medir o esforço cognitivo. Este trabalho, portanto, propõe o ARNI, um modelo computacional baseado em EEG para medir a compreensão do programa. O modelo ARNI foi produzido com base em lacunas encontradas na literatura após um estudo de mapeamento sistemático (SMS), que analisou 1706 estudos, 12 dos quais foram escolhidos como estudos primários. Um experimento controlado com 35 desenvolvedores de software foi realizado para avaliar o modelo ARNI através de 350 cenários de compreensão de programa. Além disso, esse experimento também avaliou os efeitos da modularização e a experiência dos desenvolvedores no esforço cognitivo dos desenvolvedores. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o modelo ARNI foi útil para medir o esforço cognitivo. O experimento controlado revelou que a compreensão do código fonte não modular exigia menos esforço temporal (34,11%) e produziu uma taxa de compreensão mais alta (33,65%) do que o código fonte modular. As principais contribuições são: (1) a execução de SMS no contexto estudado; (2) um modelo computacional para medir a compreensão do programa para medir o código-fonte; (3) conhecimento empírico sobre os efeitos da modularização no esforço cognitivo dos desenvolvedores. Finalmente, este trabalho pode ser visto como um primeiro passo para uma agenda ambiciosa na área de compreensão de programa.
Program comprehension is a cognitive process performed in the developers’ brain to understand source code. This cognitive process may be influenced by several factors, including the modularization level of source code and the experience level of software developers. The program comprehension is widely recognized as an error-prone and effort-consuming task. However, little has been done to measure developers’ cognitive effort to comprehend program. In addition, such influential factors are not explored at the cognitive effort level from the perspective of software developers. Additionally, some cognition models have been created to detect brain-activity indicators as well as wearable Electroencephalography (EEG) devices to support these detections. Unfortunately, they are not able to measure the cognitive effort. This work, therefore, proposes the ARNI, an EEG-Based computational model to measure program comprehension. The ARNI model was produced based on gaps found in the literature after a systematic mapping study (SMS), which reviewed 1706 studies, 12 of which were chosen as primary studies. A controlled experiment with 35 software developers was performed to evaluate the ARNI model through 350 scenarios of program comprehension. Moreover, this experiment also evaluated the effects of modularization and developers’ experience on the developers’ cognitive effort. The obtained results suggest that the ARNI model was useful to measure cognitive effort. The controlled experiment revealed that the comprehension of non-modular source code required less temporal effort (34.11%) and produced a higher correct comprehension rate (33.65%) than modular source code. The main contributions are: (1) the execution of SMS in the context studied; (2) a computational model to measure program comprehension to measure source code; (3) empirical knowledge about the effects of modularization on the developers’ cognitive effort. Finally, this work can be seen as a first step for an ambitious agenda in the area of program comprehension.
Orbegozo, Ramírez Jeanette Paola. "Evaluación de la resistencia al virus de PLRV mediante el mecanismo de ARN de Interferencia (ARNi) en líneas transgénicas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/576.
Full text-- Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) is responsible for severe losses in yield and quality of potato worldwide. There are native and wild potatoes with high levels of resistance to PLRV (Solanum brevidens, S. etuberosum, and S. chacoencse raphanifolium).The development of new varieties using these sources of resistance is one of the current challenges of genetic improvement crop, however the genetic nature of the potato in most cases is incompatible between varieties, moreover to obtain the desired resistance takes over 20 years. Therefore the direct insertion of a gene that confers resistance to a variety of commercial importance have a significant advantage. The present thesis evaluated ten events (Desiree variety) transformed with a hairpin-type construct, containing the RNA interference system (RNAi), it will keep active and constant the formation of dsRNA between the homology sequence of transgene and PLRV. The events were characterized by PCR and Southern blot; they had in their genome from one to two copies of the transgene. Serological tests of DAS-ELISA selected four events with high resistance (low or zero concentrations of PLRV) during primary, secondary and tertiary infection. Finally, it was determined by Northern Blot that the resistance to PLRV is related to the presence of fragments of small interference RNA (siRNA) formed from the mechanism of RNAi. -- KEY WORDS: Potato, transformation, PLRV, RNAi, siRNA.
Tesis
Presumey, Jessy. "Cibler les monocytes inflammatoires par ARNi pour une immunothérapie innovante des maladies autoimmunes." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON1T017/document.
Full textInflammatory mouse Ly6Chigh monocyte subset and its human counterpart, defined as CD14+ CD16-, play key roles in the initiation and chronicization of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMID). Deleterious effects of monocytes led to the development of therapeutic strategies aiming at depleting them or preventing their recruitment to inflamed tissues. However, these methods are poorly specific with weak efficacy considering the high number of inflammatory monocytes and their marked level of activation. The need for developing new therapeutic approaches is obvious. The aim of my thesis was to characterize selective delivery of a siRNA-containing lipid formulation to the Ly-6Chigh monocyte population and at evaluating the therapeutic potential of this targeted strategy. Using the cationic lipid-based DMAPAP vehicle for in vivo RNAi-mediated gene silencing, my work allowed demonstrating, in a preclinical mouse model of arthritis, the efficacy to inhibit master genes of inflammation specifically within Ly-6Chigh monocytes upon systemic injection. Reduced disease severity in mice was associated with an overall systemic immunomodulation of the pathogenic T cell populations and led to defective mobilization of immune cells to arthritic joints. Importantly, the formulation was successfully optimized in a perspective of clinical application and the targeting of human CD14+CD16- inflammatory monocytes was validated ex vivo. Overall, my findings demonstrate that the silencing of a key gene within Ly-6Chigh monocytes is a promising strategy for future therapeutic intervention in the context of IMID and reinforces the pivotal role of Ly-6Chigh monocytes in inflammatory processes
Lavigne, Jennifer. "Caractérisation de l'hyperexcitabilité cérébrale dans des modèles murins d'épilepsies génétiques et développement d'une nouvelle stratégie pour la réduire." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4053/document.
Full textDuring my thesis, I studied two murine models of childhood genetic epilepsies, caused by mutations of Nav1.1 channels (involved in the excitability of inhibitory neurons): Dravet Syndrome (DS), a severe and drug resistant epilepsy, and Genetic Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus (GEFS+), characterized by a milder phenotype.My work is divided into three parts:- The first one revealed a process of epileptogenesis in these murine models.- In the second, I identified experimental conditions to induce epileptiform activities which are specific of the DS model in brain slices, which could allow pharmacological screens ex-vivo.- The third one was aimed at developing a new strategy to reduce cerebral hyperexcitability
Lavigne, Jennifer. "Caractérisation de l'hyperexcitabilité cérébrale dans des modèles murins d'épilepsies génétiques et développement d'une nouvelle stratégie pour la réduire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://theses.unice.fr/2016AZUR4053.
Full textDuring my thesis, I studied two murine models of childhood genetic epilepsies, caused by mutations of Nav1.1 channels (involved in the excitability of inhibitory neurons): Dravet Syndrome (DS), a severe and drug resistant epilepsy, and Genetic Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus (GEFS+), characterized by a milder phenotype.My work is divided into three parts:- The first one revealed a process of epileptogenesis in these murine models.- In the second, I identified experimental conditions to induce epileptiform activities which are specific of the DS model in brain slices, which could allow pharmacological screens ex-vivo.- The third one was aimed at developing a new strategy to reduce cerebral hyperexcitability
Baron, Hylma Carolina. "Rôle de la protéine NSP3 dans la traduction de son propre ARN messager et sur la synthèse des autres protéines virales." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA114827.
Full textRotavirus NSP3 binds simultaneously the 3’end of viral mRNAs and the translation initiation factors eIF4G and thus enhances viral mRNAs translation and impairs cell mRNAs translation. The role of NSP3 in rotavirus mRNA translation was further investigated by transfection of rotavirus mRNAs encoding NSP3 and NSP5 made in vitro. Using this assay, which mimics rotavirus infection, we show that the synthesis of NSP3 has a positive effect on its own expression and then allows efficient translation of the other rotavirus mRNA. Mutations in the RNA encoding NSP3 that impairs NSP3 binding to RNA or to eIF4G as well as mutation on the 3’ end of NSP3 own mRNA disrupt this positive effect, reduce NSP3 expression and reduce other rotavirus mRNA translation. Study by cell flow fluorometry of NSP3 expression at early time post infection confirms this observation. The expression of NSP3 during rotavirus infection preceed other viral proteins expression and lowering NSP3 expression by RNAi early reduce virus infection. Our work shows that the role of NSP3 in rotavirus translation is particularly important at the onset of infection when viral mRNAs have to compete with cellular mRNAs to reach the cell translation machinery
Alwan, Rayan. "Criblage par ARN interférence pour l'identification de nouveaux gènes impliqués dans la différenciation myogénique." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0015/document.
Full textMyogenesis is a highly regulated multi-step process involving myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Although studies over the last decades have identified several factors governing these distinct major phases, many of them are not yet known. In order to identify novel genes, we took advantage of the C2C12 myoblastic line to establish a functional siRNA screen combined with quantitative-imaging analysis of a large amount of differentiated myoblasts. We knocked down 100 mouse-preselected genes without a previously characterized role in muscle. Using image analysis, we tracked gene-silencing phenotypes by quantitative assessment of cellular density, myotube quantity, myotube morphology and fusion index. Our results have revealed six genes involved in both stages of C1C12 myogenesis and 13 genes specific to the differentiation stage. These findings prove that our RNAi-based screen could be an efficient tool to detect clear and subtle phenotypes allowing the identification of new myogenic regulators in Mammals
Bergami, Francesco. "The glutamine-rich N-terminal extension of Drosophila AGO2 mediates antiviral RNA interference in a TRiC/CCT dependent manner." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ094.
Full textThe mass spectrometry analysis of the complexes associating with Dicer-2, R2D2, and AGO2 identified six out of the eight subunits forming the TRiC/CCT complex. Knockdown of one of the six subunits identified is sufficient to increase the replication of DCV (DrosophilaC Virus). My results identify an interaction between the TRiC/CCT complex and the antiviral RNA interference. This interaction raises the question of how the GRR region of AGO2 is necessary for the antiviral response. My results suggest that the TRiC/CCT complex is involved in the dynamic dissociation and relocalization of AGO2 during viral infection
Stierlé, Vérène. "Reversion du phénotype de résistance multiple aux antitumoraux par les petits ARNs interférents." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066612.
Full textAndrieu, Aurélie. "Explorer les voies de l’ARN interférence par initiation in planta pour dévoiler la fonction des gènes chez le riz (Oryza sativa L. ) et le cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao L. )." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20174.
Full textBRIAND, JEAN-FRANCOIS. "Etude des arn polymerases de levure : caracterisation de la sous-unite rpb8 et co-regulation de la synthese des arnt et arnr." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066076.
Full textMajzoub, Karim. "The antiviral siRNA interactome in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ075/document.
Full textFighting viral infections is hampered by the scarcity of viral targets and their variability resulting in development of resistance. Viruses depend on cellular molecules for their life cycle, which are attractive alternative targets, provided that they are dispensable for normal cell fonctions. Using the mode! organism Drosophila melanogaster, we identify the ribosomal protein RACK1 as a cellular factor required for infection by the internai ribosome entry site (IRES) containing virus Drosophila C virus (DCV). We further demonstrate that inhibition of RACK1 in human liver cells impairs hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES-mediated translation and infection. Inhibition of RACK1 in Drosophila and hurnan cells does not affect cell viability and proliferation, and RACK1-silenced adult flies are viable, indicating that this protein is not essential for general translation. Our findings demonstrate a specific function for ribosomal protein RACK 1 in selective mRNA translation and uncover a promising targe! for the development of broad antiviral intervention
Broster, Christine. "Caractérisation et Ciblage de Protéines Essentielles via l'utilisation de nanobodies chez Trypanosoma brucei." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0158.
Full textKinetoplastid parasites, including trypanosomes and leishmania, are responsible for several diseases of socio-economic and public health importance worldwide. These include the Neglected Tropical Diseases: Sleeping Sickness, Chagas disease and Leishmaniasis, as classified by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the global wasting disease of animals, Surra, as reported by the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations (FAO). Animal African Trypanosomiais (AAT) causes the death of 3 million cattle per year in sub-Saharan Africa, with an annual loss of 4.5 billion US dollars to the African economy. Cutaneaous leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease, with 1.5 million new cases reported globally each year.Trypanosoma brucei is an ancient, early diverging eukaryote, used as a model organism in the laboratory for studying eukaryotic cilia and flagella. Remodelling of the trypanosome cytoskeleton is essential for cell morphology, organelle positioning and division. Study of essential proteins of the cytoskeleton provides insight into intracellular processes and could provide potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Trypanosomes evade the host immune system by periodically changing their external surface coat, which is endocytosed, along with any attached host antibodies, via a structure called the flagellar pocket. TbBILBO1 is a structural protein of the Flagellar Pocket Collar (FPC) that is essential for FPC biogenesis and parasite survival. Due to the importance of TbBILBO1 for the parasite, protein partners were investigated.In my thesis, I describe, firstly, the characterisation of a novel and essential cytoskeletal protein, FPC6, of the FPC/Hook complex of T. brucei; FPC6 is a partner of TbBILBO1. RNAi Knock-down of FPC6 protein leads to rapid cell death in the blood-stream form of the parasite accompanied with a block in endocytosis. Secondly, I describe the purification and intracellular expression of a nanobody (Nb48), raised against TbBILBO1. The purified Nb is able to identify TbBILBO1 in fixed trypanosomes and denatured protein. Surface Plasmon Resonance analysis confirmed a high affinity of Nb48 to TbBILBO1. Expression of Nb48 as an intrabody in T. brucei, reveals that it binds precisely to its target, TbBILBO1 and leads to rapid cell death. Further exploration of the potential uses of this trypanocidal nanobody is warranted
Gil, Jr José. "Characterizing the 3D organization of holocentric chromosomes in Bombyx mori." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLS084.
Full textThe genome’s organization within the cell nucleus has been observed and described in various different organisms for over 140 years. Most of the organisms where this has been done are monocentric, or organisms that have chromosomes with a single centromere. Studies have shown that centromeres strongly constrain the architecture of chromosomes in interphase and during my thesis, I contributed to a review describing this phenomenon (Muller et al., 2019). However, across the eukaryotic tree of life you can find several examples of organisms that are holocentric, or organisms that have centromeres distributed along the entire length of their chromosomes. To study the impact of centromeres on these types of chromosomes, we choose the silkworm, Bombyx mori, as our model organism. Although the holocentric chromosomes of B. mori have been subjects of studies describing the organization and formation of their centromeres and kinetochores (Cortes-Silva et al., 2020; Senaratne et al., 2021), their genome organization has yet to be described. My thesis aims at characterizing the genome organization of B. mori with the use of sequencing-based techniques and bioinformatic approaches on two experimental systems.In the first part of my thesis I used a combination of Hi-C and ChIP-Seq data from B. mori embryos to identify and characterize genome organizational features. Using Hi-C, I produced contact maps for all 28 chromosomes of the B. mori genome assembly and I was able to show that B. mori chromosomes make infrequent contacts between themselves resulting in strong chromosome territories. I then combined this Hi-C data with ChIP-Seq data sets corresponding to several B. mori embryo epigenetic marks in order to define and characterize chromosome compartments. This study revealed that B. mori chromosomes are organized into three genome-wide compartments: A, B and X. The A and B compartments in B. mori are reminiscent of those first described in human chromosomes. The X compartment is composed of highly compact, gene-poor regions that do not interact with the other two compartments, nor with like compartments on the same chromosome. These findings are included in a study that I was a part of describing the genome organization of B. mori embryos (Muller et al., in progress).In the second part of my thesis I turned to B. mori cell lines in order to determine some of the factors contributing to this genome organization. In order to do this, I used RNAi to perturb centromeres, cohesins and condensins which have been shown to have an impact on genome organization in other organisms. I acquired Hi-C data and profiled different epigenetic marks in each condition and show that centromeres and SMC complexes play a role in B. mori genome organization with cohesin and condensin II having opposite effects in short- and long-range chromosome folding. To properly analyze this data, I developed bioinformatic tools to account for the holocentric nature of B. mori chromosomes. I even had the chance to contribute my bioinformatic skill set to a collaboration studying meiotic pairing of B. mori chromosomes (Rosin et al., 2021). Taken together, using Hi-C and ChIP-Seq and performing the bioinformatic analysis of both, I was able to describe for the first time the genome organization of B. mori and characterize the roles of factors contributing to it
Bruniaux, Jonathan. "Développement de nanoparticules lipidiques pour la délivrance de courtes séquences d'ARN interférents." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV025/document.
Full textL'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais
Holz, Correia Carine Lidiane. "Dynamique de l’émergence in vitro des mutants d’échappement du virus de la peste des petits ruminants (PPRV) face à l’activité ARN interférente ciblant le gène de la nucléoprotéine : implications pour les stratégies thérapeutiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20126.
Full textViruses in the genus Morbillivirus, within the family Paramyxoviridae are responsible for severe humans and animal diseases, including measles, rinderpest (RP) and peste des petits ruminants (PPR). In spite of the existence of efficient vaccines against these diseases, specific treatments to be applied when the infection is already present are desirable. Inhibition of morbillivirus replication can be achieved by RNA interference (RNAi), a mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing triggered by small double-stranded RNA (siRNA). The CIRAD previously identified three siRNAs that target conserved regions of the essential gene encoding the viral nucleoprotein and are able to prevent in vitro at least 80% of the replication of measles, RP and PPR viruses . However, a major problem in RNAi is the important risk of emergence of escape mutants. In this study, we investigated the ability of PPR virus to escape the inhibition conferred by single or multiple siRNAs after several consecutive transfections in vitro. Except with the combination of the three different siRNAs, the virus systematically escaped RNAi after 3 to 20 consecutive passages. The mutations were characterized by either single or multiple punctual nucleotide mutations (synonymous or not) or a deletion of a stretch of 6 nucleotides into the siRNA target. These results demonstrate that the genomic plasticity of morbilliviruses, illustrated maily by this significant and no-deleterious deletion in an essential viral gene, should be considered as an obstacle to the use of RNAi in antiviral therapy. However, the combined use of three siRNAs can be proposed to prevent treatment failure with siRNAs
Särnbrink, My. "Arns makt : Representationer av makt, positivt kapital och livsmål i berättelserna om tempelriddaren Arn." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kultur, samhälle, mediegestaltning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70805.
Full textMy Särnbrink hette tidigare My Ravin.
Santamaria, Aguilar Sara [Verfasser], Athanasios [Akademischer Betreuer] Vafeidis, and Arne [Gutachter] Arns. "Analysis of trends and variability of water levels / Sara Santamaria Aguilar ; Gutachter: Arne Arns ; Betreuer: Athanasios Vafeidis." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1234451344/34.
Full textIvain, Lorraine. "Virulence et résistance aux antibiotiques du staphylocoque doré : recherche des ARNm ciblés par deux ARN régulateurs." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B016/document.
Full textStaphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide variety of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Its adaptive capacities, multiple antibiotic resistances and high virulence makes it a major public health issue. The discovery and study of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) expressed by S. aureus showed their implication in the switch colonization to host infection. During my phD, I focused on the study of two sRNAs: (i) SprD, involved in staphylococcal virulence and (ii) SprX which regulates glycopeptides resistance. To understand the molecular basis of their roles in staphylococcal physiology, we searched for their direct targets using two different techniques. For SprX, we set up an in vivo technique to validate mRNA targets previously predicted using bioinformatics tools. This method based on the use of a fluorescent reporter gene allowed us to validate two novels SprX targets, the ecb and purC mRNAs involved in immune evasion system and purine metabolism, respectively. We further showed that SprX interacts at the ribosome binding sites preventing translation initiation. In another chapter of my phD project, we adapted the MAPS technique to S. aureus and applied it to the search of SprD direct partners by affinity purification of sRNA-mRNA duplexes. Overall, the results obtained during my thesis allowed us to precise the roles of SprD and SprX and will offer novel possibilities for the staphylococcal community to identify and/or validate of sRNA targets
Guigou, Ludovic. "L'arginyl-ARNt synthétase de mammifère : rôle des interactions protéine-protéine et protéine-ARN sur son activité." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112141.
Full textEach aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyze the esterification of its cognate amino acid to the 3'-end of its cognate tRNA(s). Some aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) catalyze the amino acid activation step only in the presence of a cognate tRNA. This behaviour has been studied in Arginyl-tRNA synthetase (ArgRS) from hamster. Our results show that three contact points with the tRNA molecule are important in the activation step : bases A76, A20 and C35. These three bases must be presented by a tRNA possessing both rigidity (intact " L " shape) and flexibility (provided by G-U base-pairs). We conclude that the triggering of the activation step in ArgRS implies an induced-fit mechanism. Enzymes from the multi-aaRSs complex found in higher eukaryotes display additional basic domains, some of them interacting with tRNAs. We show that these domains increase the affinity of the enzymes of the complex for their specific tRNAs only. Thus, the catalytic body of each enzyme determines its specificity, while the additionnal basic domains increase the affinity of the enzymes for their specific tRNA(s). The p43 protein, a component of the complex able to interact with tRNAs and ArgRS, does not affect the catalytic parameters of this enzyme. Crystals of a short form of the p43 protein have been obtained and the structure has been solved by molecular replacement, but the N-terminal residues, that are responsible for the interaction with tRNAs, are not visible. Conditions for the isolation of the multi-aaRSs complex have been refined in order to carry out a structural study using cryo-electron microscopy and crystallography
Cremer, Stephan [Verfasser], Arnd [Akademischer Betreuer] Timmermann, Arno [Akademischer Betreuer] Olthoff, and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Crozier. "LMA Supreme, I-Gel und Larynx-Tubus-Suction-D : eine prospektiv randomisierte, vergleichende Evaluation mittels fiberoptischer Kontrolle und Farbindikatoren / Stephan Cremer. Gutachter: Arnd Timmermann ; Arno Olthoff ; Thomas Crozier. Betreuer: Arnd Timmermann." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1042925631/34.
Full textArguin, Mélina. "Rôle de la protéine chaperonne Hfq dans la spécificité de l'appariement du petit ARN RyhB avec ses ARNm cibles." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3868.
Full textMellal, Dénia. "Synthèse d'analogues d'aminoacyl-ARNt et de conjugués peptidyl-ARN pour l'étude d'une aminoacyl-transférase non ribosomale de type FEM." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066619.
Full textAminoacyl-transferases Fem catalyse an essential step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis in pathogenic bacteria and are considered as attractive targets for the development of novel antibiotics. FemX from Weissela viridescens, the model enzyme of the family, transfers L-Ala from Ala-tRNAAla to the ε-amino group of L-Lys in the peptidoglycan precursor UDP-Mur-NAc-pentapeptide (UM5K). The crystal structures of the apo-enzyme and of UM5K/FemX complex have been determinated but co-crystallization with Ala-tRNAAla has not been obtained. To design biochemical tools for co-crystallization of FemXWv, we developed the semi-synthesis of highly modified aminoacyl-tRNAs and peptidyl-RNA conjugates that interact specifically with the enzyme. Analogues of Ala-tRNAAla containing an amide linkage, instead of the natural hydrolysable ester function, were synthesized and a study on the influence of the terminal ribose conformation on the aminoacyl transfer was done by NMR studies. Reactional intermediate analogue containing a carbamate moiety was designed to mimic the nucleophilic attack of the carbonyl of Ala-tRNAAla by the lateral chain of L-Lys. Another approach of obtaining aminoacyl-tRNA analogues was to introduce an azide onto tRNA and an alkyne onto UM5K to design peptidyl-RNA conjugates, containing the tRNA covalently linked to the peptidoglycan precursor, by Meldal-Huisgen-Sharpless Cu(I) catalyzed cycloaddition. The analogues were tested as inhibitors of FemXWv (LRMA collaboration) and revealed very good IC50 values wich range from 5. 8 µM to 25 pM. By these approaches, we designed biochemical tools for co-crystallization of FemXWv. The information gathered on the structure of its active site and on the catalytic mechanism of FemXWv, should provide the critical information for the rationale design of drugs active on Fem targets. More generally, these tools could also be used to study tRNA-dependent enzymes
Arguin, Mélina. "Rôle de la protéine chaperonne Hfq dans la spécificité de l'appariement du petit ARN RyhB avec ses ARNm cibles." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007.
Find full textArns, Arne [Verfasser]. "Regional to local assessment of extreme water levels : methods and application to the northern part of the German North Sea coastline / Arne Arns." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058750135/34.
Full textTrinquier, Aude. "Coupling between transfer RNA maturation and ribosomal RNA processing in Bacillus subtilis." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7066.
Full textCellular protein synthesis both requires functional ribosomes and mature transfer RNAs (tRNAs) as adapter molecules. The ribosomes are large essential ribonucleoprotein complexes whose biogenesis accounts for most of cellular transcription and consumes a major portion of the cell’s energy. Ribosome biogenesis is therefore tightly adjusted to the cellular needs and actively surveilled to rapidly degrade defective particles that could interfere with translation. Interestingly, tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are both transcribed from longer primary transcripts and universally require processing to become functional for translation. In this thesis, I have characterized a coupling mechanism between tRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis in the Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis. Accumulation of immature tRNAs during tRNA maturase depletion, specifically abolishes 16S rRNA 3’ processing by the endonuclease YqfG/YbeY, the last step in small ribosomal subunit formation. We showed that this maturation deficiency resulted from a late small subunit (30S) assembly defect coinciding with changes in expression of several key 30S assembly cofactors, mediated by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional effects. Interestingly, our results indicate that accumulation of immature tRNAs is sensed by the stringent factor RelA and triggers (p)ppGpp production. We showed that (p)ppGpp synthesis and the accompanying decrease in GTP levels inhibits 16S rRNA 3’ processing, most likely by affecting GTPases involved in ribosome assembly. The inhibition of 16S rRNA 3’ processing is thought to further lead to degradation of partially assembled particles by RNase R. Thus, we propose a model where RelA senses temporary slow-downs in tRNA maturation and this leads to an appropriate readjustment of ribosome biogenesis. This coupling mechanism would maintain the physiological balance between tRNAs and rRNAs, the two major components of the translation machinery
Li, Yi. "Study of Arnt-interacting proteins on Arnt-dependent signaling pathways." Scholarly Commons, 2006. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2786.
Full textMeinnel, Thierry. "Interaction de la methionyl-arnt synthetase avec ses arnt specifiques." Palaiseau, École polytechnique, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EPXX0005.
Full textUchikawa, Emiko. "A structural approach of RNA-protein recognition and kinetics of binding in two examples : tRNA aminoacylation by arginyl-tRNA synthetase and 7SK stabilization by LaRP7." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6052.
Full textIn the cell, RNA-protein interactions are fundamental to many processes involved in the regulation of gene expression, including pre-mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, editing, transport, cytoplasmic targeting, mRNA turnove and translation. In addition to these post-transcriptional processes, RNA-prote in interactions may also play a key rôle in transcription. Indeed, in addition to its coding capacity, which makes both DNA and RNA recipients of the genetic message, the high variability and conformationnal flexibility of RNA structure creates a number of unique binding sites and the potential for complex regulation by RNA binding proteins. These use a large Iibrary of structural modules in order to recognize RNAs in a combination of sequence- or structure-dependent ways, leading to a wide range of transient to more stable interactions. This manuscript describes our endeavour to reveal the details of RNAprotein interactions at the molecular level in several examples taken in two different fields of cell biology, transcription and translation. Our targets were chosen to better understand the molecular foundation of interactions critical for the cell survival, and represent different binding modes ofproteins to RNA. Aiming to use X-ray crystallography, a well-accepted and reliable mean to analyze recognition details at atomic resolution, we developed for each target a purification protocolleading to homogeneous preparations that were used for crystallization and subjected to various anai}'ses, including functional assays and biophysical characterization
Sohm, Bénédicte. "Impact de mutations pathologiques dans les ARNt mitochondriaux humains sur les propriétés d'aminoacylation et sur le protéome mitochondrial." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/SOHM_Benedicte_2003.pdf.
Full textBlaise, Mickaël. "Nouvelles fonctions associées aux systèmes d'aminoacylation procaryotiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13168.
Full textOlieric, Natacha. "Etude structurale de la Leucyl-ARNt synthétase d'Aquifex aeolicus." Strasbourg 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13220.
Full textGowher, Ali. "Characterization of protein factors targeting RNA into human mitochondria." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071841.
Full textAppel, O. E. (Oona-Emilia). "Opiskelijan istuva arki." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201705181925.
Full textCharton, Romain. "Étude du comportement de la chromatine, de la régulation de la transcription et réparation des gènes de l’ARNr avant la réplication de l’ADN et assemblage de la réparation par excision de nucléotides chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9527.
Full textAbstract : The nucleolus is thought to be a “factory” involve in the production of ribosomes. This production is the most energetically consuming process in the cell. The three RNA polymerases are involved and this represents 80% of the total transcription activity of the cell. Three quarters of this transcriptional activity correspond to the synthesis of rRNA by the RNA polymerase I (RNAPI). So a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms taking place in this compartment may help for the development of new drugs against cancer. The synthesis of rRNA by RNAPI is regulated at three levels: initiation of transcription, elongation and the number of rRNA genes in transcription. Most of the works that characterized those levels of regulation were done in exponentially growing cells. During my work, I studied the regulation of RNAPI during the G1 phase of the cell cycle and during the early S phase. So my results have shown that if the chromatin of the rRNA genes mostly depleted of nucleosomes, the regulation of the RNAPI differs in cells in G1 and early S phase. I could observe that in G1, RNAPI transcription concentrates on a reduced number of transcribed rRNA genes. In cells arrested in early S phase with hydroxyurea, RNAPI transcription is disrupted by a defect in rRNA processing. With this results on the nature of the ribosomal genes in G1, I started the analysis of the DNA repair of those genes during this phase of the cell cycle. In UVC irradiated exponentially growing cells, the rRNA genes are closing. But in cells synchronized in G1, I could not observe the deposition of nucleosomes after UVC irradiation. Moreover, my results show an increase repair of the locus. In parallel, I have explored the assembly of the complex of nucleotide excision repair. However, the results were not conclusive.
Cristofari, Gaël. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la rétrotransposition des éléments Ty de Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSL0230.
Full textBalg, Christian. "Synthèse d'inhibiteurs des aminoacyl-ARNt synthétases et des aminoacyl-ARNt amidotransférases." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28241/28241.pdf.
Full textPham, Van Hau. "Novel inhibitors of the tRNA-dependent amidotransferase of "Helicobacter pylori" : Peptides generated by phage display and dipeptide-like compounds." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27079.
Full textThis thesis describes the discovery of inhibitors of a tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (AdT) and summarizes the present state of our knowledge about the two-step biosynthesis of Gln-tRNAGln and Asn-tRNAAsn in Helicobacter pylori. In eukaryotic cytoplasm, twenty amino acids (aa) are generally attached to their cognate tRNAs by twenty corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). These enzymes have a high specificity, and their function is important to the proper decoding of mRNA. However, in a number of bacteria including H. pylori, GlnRS and/or AsnRS are absent. To synthesize Gln-tRNAGln, H. pylori first uses a noncanonical GluRS2 which is specific for tRNAGln to form Glu-tRNAGln; then the trimeric AdT (GatCAB) transforms Glu-tRNAGln into Gln-tRNAGln which is proper for protein biosynthesis. In a similar manner, the biosynthesis of Asn-tRNAAsn also takes place in H. pylori by using the same GatCAB and a canonical nondiscriminating AspRS. The widespread use of these indirect pathways among prominent human pathogens, and their absence in the mammalian cytoplasm, identify AdT as a promising target for the development of new and highly specific antimicrobial agents. By using phage display, we discovered several cyclic peptides rich in tryptophan and proline that inhibit H. pylori GatCAB. Peptides P10 (CMPVWKPDC) and P9 (CSAHNWPNC) are competitive inhibitors of GatCAB with respect to its substrate Glu-tRNAGln. The inhibition constants (Ki) of P10 and P9 are 126 and 392 μM, respectively. Their docking models revealed that they bind to the transamidation active site of GatB via π-π stacking interactions with Tyr81, as does the 3’-terminal A76 of tRNA. We also discovered two small dipeptide-like sulfone-containing inhibitors of H. pylori GatCAB by mimicking the intermediate of its transamidation reaction. Although they are much smaller than the cyclic peptides mentioned above, they are competitive inhibitors of GatCAB with respect to GlutRNAGln, with Ki values of 139 μM for compound 7 and 214 μM for compound 4. These inhibitors could be useful not only to study the reaction mechanisms of GatCAB, but also could be lead compounds for the development of a new class of antibiotics to treat infections caused by H. pylori.
Torres, Larios Alfredo. "Structural studies on threonyl and glycyl tRNA synthetases." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13072.
Full textThe analysis of different complexed states on the system of ThrRS shows that the binding of the amino acid promotes a movement in the Ca position of 50 amino acids in one side of the catalytic domain. The binding of ATP triggers a movement in the Ca position of a salt bridge-locked region that is part of the core b-sheet cradling the small substrates. Two other small regions that surround the catalytic site move due to the small substrate binding in a cooperative way. The tRNA interacts with all four of these loops and several residues initially bound to threonine or ATP switch to a position in which they can contact the tRNA. The crystal structures of S. Aureus ThrRS and of the N-terminal region of E. Coli ThrRS show the presence of one metal ion and of a putative serine in the editing site, respectively. The role of the metal ion and the exact orientation of the amino acid could not be determined unambiguously, suggesting the low affinity of the sites. E. Coli ThrRS represses its own translation by binding to an operator located upstream of the initiation codon. The crystal structure of the complex between the core of ThrRS and the essential domain of the operator shows that the recognition mode of the tRNA anticodon loop has been utilized by the mRNA to initiate the binding. The final position of the operator, upon which the control mechanism is based, relies on a characteristic RNA motif adapted to the enzyme surface. The crystal structure of the a-subunit of E. Coli GlyRS shows that this protein forms most of the canonic catalytic core of the class II tRNA synthetases. This subunit shows unambiguously the presence of motif 1 and 2, difficult to infer at the sequence level. The structure differs from the core of other class II aaRS by the presence of three helices covering 80 residues of the C-terminal region and situated on top of the antiparallel b strand. The quaternary structure of this enzyme would be a2b2, in contrast with the (ab)2 case presented in PheRS
Jebbawi, Fadi. "Etude des lymphocytes T régulateurs naturels CD8+CD25+: signature micro-ARN et effets des micro-ARNs sur l'expression de FOXP3, CTLA-4 et GARP." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209338.
Full textNous avons purifié les CD8+CD25+ nTregs et vérifié par cytométrie de flux leur expression en FOXP3 et CTLA-4. Puis nous avons pu montrer que ces cellules possèdent des propriétés suppressives dans un test d’inhibition de la prolifération de lymphocytes T activés allogéniquement. Les lymphocytes CD8+CD25+ nTregs expriment les gènes FOXP3, CTLA-4, GARP et CCL-4 et les cytokines IL-10 et TGF-β. Par contre, les gènes CD28, ICOS, FOXO1 et Helios sont sous-exprimés dans les nTregs CD8+CD25+ par rapport aux lymphocytes T CD8+CD25-.
Nous avons établi une signature micro-ARN qui comprend 10 micro-ARNs différentiellement exprimés :7 micro-ARNs sous-exprimés "miR-9, -24, -31, -155, -210, -335 et -449 " et 3 micro-ARNs surexprimés " miR-214, -205 et -509". De plus, nous avons pu explorer la relevance biologique de cette signature micro-ARN en montrant dans un premier temps que les miRs "-31, -24, -210, -335" ciblent spécifiquement la région 3'UTR de FOXP3, de même les miR-9 et miR-155 ciblent la région 3'UTR de CTLA-4, et les miR-24, et -335 ciblent la région 3'UTR de GARP. Ceci a été fait par des expériences de co-transfections suivies d'une mesure de l'activité rapportrice luciférase. De plus, nous avons pu démontrer par des expériences de transduction lentivirale ex vivo, de cellules T primaires, que des micro-ARNs de la signature régulent l’expression de FOXP3, CTLA-4 et GARP dans les Tregs naturels CD8+CD25+ humains.
Cette étude montre l'importance des micro-ARNs dans la régulation post-transcriptionnelle des gènes impliqués dans la fonction régulatrice des lymphocytes T régulateurs.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Đura, Paunić. "Algebarske n-arne strukture." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 1987. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=73329&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textEverts, Arne [Verfasser]. "Plebiszitäre Unterschriftenaktionen. / Arne Everts." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1238343619/34.
Full textMeier, Arne [Verfasser]. "Parametrised enumeration / Arne Meier." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206685859/34.
Full textRoyo, Hélène. "Étude par imagerie cellulaire d'une nouvelle famille d'ARNs non-codants dont les gènes sont soumis à l'empreinte génomique parentale." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1805/.
Full textThe Dlk1-Gtl2 and Snurf-Snrpn imprinted loci arbor complex transcription units and generate non-coding RNAs that are badly characterized. In order to gain insight into the intracellular fate of these non-coding RNAs, we have carried out fluorescence in situ hybridizations on the long, non-coding Bsr gene at the rat Dlk1-Gtl2 domain. In embryonic fibroblasts and neurons, spliced Bsr RNAs are only detected in the nucleus. They accumulate as a track at the transcription site and form numerous discrete, stable, nucleoplasmic dots that do not colocalise with any known sub-nuclear compartment. A similar accumulation profile is found for spliced non-coding RNAs at the Snurf-Snrpn locus. Under certain drug treatments, spliced Bsr transcripts are detected in the cytoplasm associated with stress granules. Spliced RNAs at the Dlk1-Gtl2 and Snurf- Snrpn domains could represent a novel family of nuclear-retained RNAs
Spiller, Rita [Verfasser], Arnd [Akademischer Betreuer] Krüger, Arne [Akademischer Betreuer] Göring, and Ilona [Akademischer Betreuer] Ostner. "Motivation von Seniorinnen und Senioren zur sportlichen Betätigung: Eine empirische Untersuchung mittels qualitativer Interviews in und um Göttingen. / Rita Spiller. Gutachter: Arne Göring ; Ilona Ostner. Betreuer: Arnd Krüger." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074285883/34.
Full textSpiller, Rita Verfasser], Arnd [Akademischer Betreuer] Krüger, Arne [Akademischer Betreuer] [Göring, and Ilona [Akademischer Betreuer] Ostner. "Motivation von Seniorinnen und Senioren zur sportlichen Betätigung: Eine empirische Untersuchung mittels qualitativer Interviews in und um Göttingen. / Rita Spiller. Gutachter: Arne Göring ; Ilona Ostner. Betreuer: Arnd Krüger." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-11858/00-1735-0000-0022-605C-8-7.
Full textJonker, Anneliene. "Synthetic Lethality and Metabolism in Ewing Sarcoma : Knowledge Through Silence." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T039/document.
Full textEwing sarcoma, the second most commonly occurring pediatric bone tumor, is most often characterized by a chromosomal translocation between EWSR1 and FLI1. The gene fusion EWS-FLI1 accounts for 85% of all Ewing sarcoma and is considered the major oncogene and master regulator of Ewing sarcoma. EWS-FLI1 is a transcriptional modulator of targets, both directly and indirectly. Ewing sarcoma is aggressively treated with chemotherapy, localized surgery and radiation and has an overall survival of about 70%, however, survival for metastasis or relapsed cases remains low. One of the cancer hallmarks, metabolic deregulation, is most likely partly dependent on EWS-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma cells. In order to get a better understanding of Ewing sarcoma biology and oncogenesis, it might be of high interest to investigate the influence of EWS-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma cells. We therefore performed a global metabolic profiling of Ewing sarcoma cells with or without inhibition of EWS-FLI1. Several changes in the energy metabolism were observed throughout this study; the observed changes were consistent with an energy profile that moved from a cancer cell energy metabolism towards the energy metabolism of a more normal cell upon EWS-FLI1 inhibition, primarily based on the TCA cycle. Levels of TCA intermediates, glycosylation precursors, methionine pathway metabolites and amino acids, especially changes in the tryptophan metabolic pathway, were altered upon EWS-FLI1 inhibition. Parallel to this study, we performed a high-throughput synthetic lethality screen, in order to not only identify essential genes for cell survival and proliferation, but also to identify new synthetic lethal targets that could specifically target Ewing sarcoma cells carrying the EWS-FLI1 fusion gene
Bey, Gilbert. "Etude structurale de deux aminoacyl-ARNt synthétases de classe 1 : L'arginyl-ANRt synthétase d'escherichia coli et la leucyl-ARNt synthétase d'aquifex aeolicus." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13207.
Full textAminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a family of enzymes essential for translation. AARSs catalyse the attachment of aminoacids to their cognate tRNAs. For the aminoacylation reaction, they use aminoacids, tRNA and ATP. Furthermore, AARSs are ubiquitous in all kingdoms and are a good witness of the complexity of evolution. In this work, we report two structural studies of two class I AARSs: ArgRS from E. Coli and LeuRS from A. Aeolicus. ArgRS is an AARS which can discriminate 4 cognate isoacceptor tRNAs in E. Coli. Unless ArgRS form yeast, this enzyme need to bind properly the strong identity element A20 of tRNA. After a global view of evolution of ArgRSs in 140 organisms, we present here first crystals for free form and enzyme bound to the major tRNA of E. Coli. LeuRS from A. Aeolicus is a particular LeuRS. In all others organism, this enzyme is a monomer. In this thermopile bacteria, LeuRS is split in two parts, a and ß, and the heterodimer aß is functionally similar to a canonical monomer. Also, we have shown two oligomeric active forms for this enzyme aß et (aß)2. Now, we have obtain well diffracting crystals of the free form and we hope to get phases in a soon future
Ryckelynck, Michaël. "Aspects fonctionnels et structuraux de la régulation de l'expression d'une aminoacyl-ARNt synthétase eucaryote : l'aspartyl-ARNt synthétase de Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Strasbourg 1, 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/RYCKELYNCK_Michael_2005.pdf.
Full textAccurate translation of genetic information necessitates the tuned expression of a large group of genes. Amongst them, controlled expression of the enzymes catalyzing the aminoacylation of tRNAs, the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS), is essential to insure translational fidelity. Here, it is shown that expression of AspRS is regulated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a feedback mechanism, that necessitates the binding of AspRS to its messenger RNA. The correlation between AspRS expression and mRNAAspRS and tRNAAsp concentrations, as well as the presence of AspRS in the nucleus, suggest an original regulation mechanism. It is proposed that the surplus of AspRS, not sequestered by tRNAAsp, is imported in the nucleus where it binds to mRNAAspRS and thus inhibits its accumulation. We have established the folding of the 300-nucleotides long 5' end of mRNAApRS and identified the structural signals involved in the regulation process. We propose that the mRNAAspRS fragment folds in two independent and symmetrically structured domains spaced by two single-stranded connectors. Domain I displays a tRNAAsp anticodon-like stem-loop structure that is restricted in domain II to a short double-stranded helix. The overall mRNA structure, based on enzymatic and chemical probing, support a model where each monomer of yeast AspRS binds one individual domain and recognizes the mRNA structure like it recognizes its cognate tRNAAsp. Finally, the consequences of an increased concentration of AspRS in the cell have been tested. In vitro, high AspRS concentrations lead to mis-aspartylation of tRNAAsn and tRNAGlu. In vivo, the design of a reporter gene conferring an antibiotic resistance, dependent on mischarged tRNAs, did not allow to detect any cross aminoacylation. However, the proteomic analysis of yeasts overexpressing AspRS pointed out the conditions of AspRS accumulation in the cell by detecting the presence of an additional control mechanism at the post-translational level
Ott, Alban. "Approches bioinformatiques pour identifier et caractériser les ARN régulateurs chez les procaryotes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112029.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to improve our understanding of the RNA-dependent gene regulation in prokaryotes. Newly developed bioinformatics approaches revealed new non-coding regulatory RNAs and allowed us to identify putative targets.Regulatory RNAs can change the abundance of certain proteins by interacting with cognate messenger RNAs (mRNA). This effect is achieved through various modes of action that lead to the distinction of three RNA classes: small RNA (sRNA), cis-regulatory RNA (cisRNA) and antisense RNA (asRNA). With the generalization of experimental RNA identification (transcriptomics), it becomes easier to obtain the list of expressed RNA but most of their target mRNA remain unknown. Conversely, cisRNA cannot be easily identified through experimental procedures but their targets are obvious.To address these issues, we developed two new methods: the first predicts pairs of sRNA and mRNA targets based on the analysis of expression profiles and led us to propose a new regulatory network with sRNAs playing a central role in bacterial sporulation. The second identifies new RNAs in genomes based on the analysis of phylogenetic profiles. Our results suggest that the abundance of sRNAs and cisRNA were previously underestimated. We also suggest the presence of several cisRNAs in an Archaea, including a strong candidate of thermosensitive regulator.Progress made in this thesis contributed to a better understanding of RNA importance in bacterial cell regulation. Regulatory RNAs are abundant and present in more organisms than expected previously. These results are new evidences that the physiological roles of sRNAs are more central than was previously thought