Academic literature on the topic 'Arnold County High School'

Comal County, Texas, may be rural but its students face many of the same challenges as students in urban districts. Communities In Schools of South Central Texas works with the local school district to identify student needs and provide critical supports to help young people prepare for life after high school.

The “county high school phenomenon” of Chinese rural high school education to pursue higher education has attracted much attention from the education field and society. Earlier studies were mostly from the perspective of education and believed that the “county high school education model” was contrary to education’s essence because it emphasized test-oriented education and restrained students’ nature and should be discarded. However, this model is surprisingly persuasive for rural families, and it is also a reflection of the rural students’ desire to achieve upward mobility through education. This paper analyzed the county high school education model’s connotation, expounded its operating mechanism, and systematically demonstrated and analyzed the “county high school education model” from multiple angles. It aims to find a way out for the future development of the “county high school education model” to promote education equity between urban and rural areas and the harmonious development of high school education ecology.

Purpose – In this paper, the authors present a case study of successful school leadership at County Line Middle School. The purpose of the paper is to identify how particular leadership practices and beliefs were adapted to increase student achievement in this rural, high-poverty school in the southeastern USA. Design/methodology/approach – After purposefully selecting this school, the authors adapted interview protocols, questionnaires, and analysis frameworks from the International Successful School Principalship Project to develop a multi-perspective case study of principal leadership practices at the school. Findings – The findings illustrate the practices which led to students at this school, previously the lowest-performing in the district, achieving significantly higher on state standardized tests, getting along “like a family,” and regularly participating in service learning activities and charity events. A particularly interesting finding was how the principal confronted the school's negative self-image and adapted common leadership practices to implement a school-wide reform that suited its unique context. Research limitations/implications – While the findings of the study explicate the specific ways the principal adapted leadership strategies to enhance student learning, this study also highlights the need to understand how principals become familiar with their community's needs, cultures, norms, and values, and exercise leadership in accordance with them. Practical implications – The case offers an example of the need for context-responsive leadership in schools. In particular, it illustrates how this principal enacted leadership strategies that successfully negotiated what Woods (2006) referred to as the changing politics of the rural. To realize this success, the principal utilized his understanding of this low income, rural community to guide his leadership practices. Critically, part of this understanding included the ways the community was connected to and isolated from dominant sub-urban and urban societies, and how to build enthusiasm and capacity through appeals to local values. Originality/value – While it is widely acknowledged that school leaders need to consider their school and community contexts when making leadership decisions, less research has focussed on understanding how this can be achieved. This case provides rich examples of how this was accomplished in a rural, high-poverty middle school.

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the gap in the literature by investigating the identity theft behaviors of adolescents under the age of 18 and the predictors of these behaviors. To better understand the predictors of hacking behaviors in young people, two criminological theories, general theory of crime and social learning theory, are utilized. Design/methodology/approach – A rural county in western North Carolina was chosen to participate in the study. Principals of four high schools in this county agreed to participate. All 9th through 12th graders were recruited for the study. Those who were given parental permission to participate and gave their own assent were given a survey. Findings – Results indicated that low self-control and deviant peer association were in fact associated with identity theft behaviors of juveniles. Originality/value – The literature is scant, if even existent, on research that investigates the identity theft offending behaviors of juveniles.

The purpose of this study is to investigate what students in high school think of contemporary languages studies and to understand their motivation to continue or not continue with them. The work is relevant, as fewer students continue to study contemporary languages at high school, despite international globalization and society's need for people who speak more than one foreign language. The survey methodology is quantitative with some qualitative elements. Electronic surveys were sent to students in high school in the county of Jämtland in the north of Sweden. There were 226 respondents to the survey and in their answers I can appreciate that several of them think that it’s enough to speak English and are not interested in any other languages. However, more than half, 174 students in this study find the advantages and enjoy learning another language. The majority of those who don’t continue with their contemporary languages studies think that the burden of studies is too much. They think that the lessons or/and the teachers are not motivating, the expectations are too high and they don’t get the same support from the school as they get in other subjects. They feel that maybe the school should give better information and adapt the courses to the students, get better teachers, make the lessons easier and provide more help to the students in the contemporary languages area.
Syftet med studiet är att undersöka vad gymnasieelever tycker om moderna språk studier. Detta för att förstå vad som påverkar elevernas motivation att fortsätta eller inte fortsätta att studera moderna språk. Arbetet är relevant, eftersom färre studenter fortsätter studera moderna språk i gymnasiet, trots internationell globalisering och samhällets behov av personer som talar mer än ett främmande språk. Undersöknings metoden är kvantitativ med vissa kvalitativa inslag. Elektroniska enkäter skickades till gymnasieskolan elever i Jämtlands län i norra Sverige. Jag fick 226 svar, enkäten och resultaten av undersökningen visade att flera av respondenterna tycker att det räcker med att kunna engelska och de är inte intresserade att lära sig något annat språk. Trots detta är mer än hälften av undersökta elever i studien (174 elever) intresserade av att lära sig ytterligare ett språk. De ser fördelarna med det och de tycker även om språk. Majoriteten av dem som inte fortsätter med sina samtida moderna språk studier anser att moderna språkstudiernas börda är för mycket, de finner inte tillräcklig motivation i lektionerna och/eller lärarna. Dessutom tycker de att förväntningar är för höga och att de inte får samma stöd från skolan som de får i andra ämnen. De tycker att skolan kanske bör anpassa kurserna till studerande, skaffa bättre språklärare, göra lektionerna enklare och ge mer stöd i contemporary språk till de eleverna som behöver det.
VAL

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the history of Princess Anne County Training School and Union Kempsville High School in Princess Anne County/Virginia Beach, Virginia. The method of inquiry was qualitative, historical research that relied on oral histories to provide a cultural understanding of the school from the perspectives of its students, administrators, teachers, and staff. The school\'s history was reconstructed through direct engagement with individuals whose interviews recounted the establishment, growth, operation, and demise of Princess Anne County Training School/Union Kempsville High School. In order to minimize the nostalgic influence and bring greater validity to the oral histories, data were also collected from historical accounts, school board and community organization minutes, local periodicals, and school artifacts.  
Segregation cultivated legally separate-but-equal schools for Blacks and Whites, with little or no attention given to actual equality. In 1925, the Black community in Princess Anne County, Virginia, mobilized to build a high school for their children who were denied an education beyond seventh grade. Princess Anne County Training School opened for Black students in 1938 and initially utilized a curriculum based on industrial education. It was the first and only Black high school in Princess Anne County/Virginia Beach, Virginia. As Princess Anne County Training School progressed, the Black community eventually repudiated the term, training school. The school\'s name was changed to Union Kempsville High School in the fall of 1961. Gradual desegregation inaugurated by the Brown v. Board of Education decisions led to a decline in student enrollment, and Union Kempsville High School closed in 1969.  

Ph. D.

Prior to 1954, blacks in Fairfax County who wanted to receive an education beyond the seventh grade were bussed by the county to Manassas Regional High School in Prince William County or independently attended Dunbar High School, Phelps Vocational Center, Cardoza High School or Armstrong High School in Washington, D.C. The purpose of this dissertation was to describe, record and analyze the events and actions that led to the establishment, operation, desegregation and eventual demise of Luther P. Jackson High School, the first and on1y high school for blacks in Fairfax County, Virginia. This study provides useful information to the Fairfax County School System. The population for the study consisted of representatives from community and civil rights leaders, school administrators, students, teachers and secretaries who were involved with Luther P. Jackson at various stages of its existence.
Ed. D.

Underage drinking is a major problem in the United States, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. About 43,000 deaths a year result from binge drinking in youths at a cost of $24 billion in 2010 to the U.S. economy. The purpose of this quantitative dissertation was to examine the predictors of binge drinking in high school youths in a highly racial diverse community of Montgomery County, Maryland. The social ecological model was the theoretical framework used for this study due to the presence of both personal and contextual factors that influence behavior. Using binary logistic regression to analyze data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System 2014, the association between being bullied, suicidality, substance use, protective factors, and binge drinking was tested. Results from single models indicated that there was an association with all independent variables predicting binge drinking. Based on effect size, Asians had the highest risk (For RQ1, OR =3.57; RQ2, OR= 3.08; RQ4, OR=1.72) of binge drinking for all independent variables except marijuana use in which Blacks had the highest risk; OR = 2.02. In the combined model, the results were that adolescents 14 or 15 years old making up 49.3% of the population had the highest risk of binge drinking; OR = 3.184. The results of this study could be used to promote positive social change by highlighting more efficient intervention programs to prevent adolescents from binge drinking and could also enable county and state Public Health officials to design programs to properly allocate resources based on evidence and need, especially in racially diverse communities.

The purpose of this study was to document the history of Susie G. Gibson High School from its opening in 1954 to its closure in 1970. The researcher documented and described the establishment, operation, and closure of the school. The study includes a description of how Bedford County transitioned from a dual system of segregated education to a single school system for students of all races and how Susie G. Gibson High School was converted for use as a vocational school as it still functions today. Historical research methods were used to collect data and describe the education of Black students who attended the Susie G. Gibson High School. The evidence for the study consists of primary and secondary sources. This evidence includes written records, archives, manuscripts, maps and documents, but also artifacts (Williams, 2007, p.11). The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with students, school employees, and community members who were involved with the school. Minutes of school board meetings and other contemporary records were utilized as well. Studies by Bonner (1939) and Harrell (1951) and histories by other authors were used as secondary sources for historical context. Susie G. Gibson High School opened in the fall of 1954. It was a much anticipated event because it was the first new high school for Blacks in Bedford County, Virginia. Susie G. Gibson High School replaced the much smaller Bedford Training School that began as an elementary school, but which provided some secondary schooling after 1930. The opening of the school was a culmination of negotiations between the Black community and the Bedford County School Board. The school was the pride of the Black community for over a decade and a half. Susie G. Gibson High School changed to a vocational school in 1970 when the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) ordered Bedford County to fully integrate its school system.
Ed. D.

碩士
開南大學
公共事務管理學系
97
ABSTRACT The Design of Junior High School WebSite on Taoyuan County Junior High School by CHANG, CHIEN-LUNG July 2009 ADVISOR(S) : Dr. Ts’ao Jui T’ai DEPARTMENT : PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY MAJOR : Public Administration DEGREE : MASTER OF ARTS This study of Junior High School Website focus on the junior high schools in Taoyuan County . By reference the relevant literature, theory and research build the framework of school website. Through literature review to establish the ideal junior high school framework and function. In this study, the data processing using the method of SPSS include Descriptive Statistics, Reliability Statistics. The results were as follows: First, the habit of using the school site of school teachers and students is different. Teachers use the school website in the frequency of 2 days on average . Students use the school website in the frequency about once in a week . Teachers likes to using these functions such as the bulletin board, school activities and e-mail . Students likes to using these functions such as bulletin board , school activities, and class website . Second , the usage time of teachers and students are vary different from each other . The usage time that students can use network and computer are obviously inadequate. Third , different users want different functions of school website . Teachers favorite functions list is “School website bulletin board” , “Site map” , “School-Library website” , “Teaching Website” . Student’s favorite functions of School-website list is “School website bulletin board” , “School activities” , “Teaching website” , “Class website” , “Message board or chatrooms “ . Forth , Users think the function of school website is important but the usage rate is low .

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
技術及職業教育研究所
95
This research aims to explore the volition of the ninth graders in Pingtung County, who are willing to stay studying in local senior high schools. Based on the purpose, the researcher explored the related theories and researches by reference analysis, and understood the condition by conducting survey research. Questionnaires were implemented at two stages. In the first stage, questionnaires named “behavioral investigation of the ninth graders in Pingtung County who stay to study in local senior high schools” were implemented. Sample schools included all of the junior high schools in Pingtung County. In each school, the researcher randomly selected 10% of the ninth graders to answer questionnaires. In the second stage, questionnaires named “studying behavior and adaptation of junior high school graduates in Pingtung County” were implemented. Sample students were selected from those in the first stage, who finally decided to study in Kaohsiung County’s senior high schools. The following analytic methods were conducted in this research: Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test, Discriminant Analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation. Fourteen conclusions were listed as follows: 1. The ratio of junior graduates in Pingtung County who didn’t study in local senior high schools was high. In addition, their entrance scores were obviously higher than others’. 2. Compared with graduates whose parents had low social-economic status, more junior graduates whose parents had high social-economic status obviously decided to study in Kaohsiung. 3. Graduates whose schools were located along the shoreline decided to study in Kaohsiung more than those in other areas. 4. For the level of understanding information about studying higher school, students who chose to study in Kaohsiung were the highest. But generally speaking, all of junior graduates had average understanding. 5. Graduates who chose to study in Kaohsiung had less confidence of Pingtung’s senior high schools than those in other areas. 6. Before deciding which senior high to study, graduates more often discussed with their parents and bosom friends. However, as a whole, parents had more influence on students’ decision-making. 7. The top five factors that influenced junior graduates’ selecting which senior high to study were as follows, ranging according to their appearing frequency: interest, score, distance between home and school, department, ratio of college entrance. 8. The following variances were good predictions whether students decided to stay at local senior high---the first high-school entrance score, areas that students filled in the application form, students’ willingness, parents’ opinions, and bosom friends’ opinions. 9. For graduates who chose not to stay at local senior high, their own decision-making ability was the most obvious factor. Their parents and junior high’ instructor were the most important and obvious persons who influenced students to study in Kaohsiung. 10. The top five concrete factors that affected junior graduates’ deciding to study in Kaohsiung were listed orderly as follows: entrance score, interest, parents’ expectation, future perspective, prestige of senior high school. 11. Graduates were obviously not attracted by local senior high schools’ marketing, encouraging measure, propaganda, community entrance reservation. 12. Junior graduates studying in other area higher school were generally well adapted to the new environment in every aspect. 13. Junior graduates studying in other area higher school obviously had positive expectation toward their future schools before and after passing the entrance examination, and were more confident of the schools after the first semester in senior high schools. 14. 32.58% of junior graduates studying in other area higher school had the idea of transferring back to Pingtung’s senior high schools. This research showed that adaptation was the main factor that influenced students to transfer back to local schools.

AbstractDegradation of natural resources exacerbates a country’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change. IPCC projections suggest that countries within the horn of Africa, which include Kenya, will suffer most from extreme climate change events, particularly more frequent and prolonged droughts. Women and children suffer disproportionately from the consequences of environmental degradation. Public participation is one of the strategies governments pursue to combat environmental degradation; however, there has been limited research to better understand students’ environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behavior to better inform student-led participatory designs. Students comprise a significant proportion of the population in Kenya. This research conducted in 2018 at Nginda Ward, Embu County, comprised a survey of 121 students: 58 high school and 63 primary school students. The research investigated students’ environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes, and pro-environmental behavior. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Multivariate statistics (MANOVA) were used to examine the relationship between the dependent variables and the participant’s gender and level of schooling. From the results obtained, the top five most frequently mentioned local environmental problems by the students sampled included water pollution, deforestation, air pollution, scarcity of safe sources for water for domestic use, and soil erosion. Inferential statistical results revealed that there is a significant relationship between students’ level of schooling and environmental attitudes, F = 11.79, (1, 120), p < 0.01. In addition, there is a significant relationship between students’ level of schooling and environmental knowledge, that is, perceived severity of environmental problems, F = 5.33, (1, 120), p < 0.05. Research findings further revealed a significant relationship between gender and environmental knowledge, F = 9.62, (1, 120), p < 0.01. However, gender differences in pro-environmental behavior were not statistically significant. Also, differences between primary and high school students’ pro-environmental behavior were insignificant.

This chapter introduces Arnold Thurman, the basketball coach at all-white Bagdad High School in Shelby County. Thurman had played basketball at Berea College with African American players, and he welcomed black schools into the KHSAA. But Thurman faced resistance from the Bagdad fans and from at least one of his players. Thurman told his principal that if Bagdad were ever to achieve its goal of playing in the state tournament, it would have to play teams with African American players. Thurman became the first white coach to schedule a game with Lincoln Institute. Gilliard began constructing his team along the lines of Tennessee State, whose coach, John McLendon, favored a fast-breaking offense and a pressing defense. The integration of Kentucky's public schools progressed modestly in the 1957–1958 school year and avoided the unrest that erupted elsewhere, such as in Montgomery, Alabama, and Little Rock, Arkansas.

This chapter offers an account of developments on the Kansas side of the border, focusing specifically on the rise of the Shawnee Mission School District. Johnson County became known for the high quality of its schools and attracted the greatest concentration of college-educated adults in the area. This came to represent a significant advantage with respect to the performance of local schools. The district encountered difficulties, however, in achieving consolidation, as wealthy patrons in fashionable communities rejected proposals to join with less-affluent residents in other parts of the area. An act of the legislature eventually forced creation of the district—the only one in the state to require this step. This episode reflected the effects of localism within the suburban context, where status distinctions between communities could make common interests difficult to recognize or acknowledge.

Mildred Haun’s literary output was small but outstanding. Haun was born near the Great Smoky Mountains in rural Hamblen County, Tennessee, and was reared in Cocke County. At the age of ten, she stopped attending school. Following the death of her father, a farmer, when she was eleven, she moved in with an aunt and uncle south of Nashville in Franklin, Tennessee; there, she entered high school at the age of sixteen. She studied at Vanderbilt University, receiving a BA in 1935 and an MA in 1937....

Corporate-backed philanthropic groups have become increasingly involved in political processes in the past ten years. The Koch Brothers’ and their political advocacy groups, have become particularly prominent players. Their influence extends beyond high-profile state-level elections and increasingly have begun investing in municipal affairs of small cities and towns, such as school board elections like Kenosha, Wisconsin and Jefferson County, Colorado in the US. This chapter asks, why do groups like Americans for Prosperity care about small-town school board elections? This chapter highlights two particularly significant local examples in the United States: school board elections in Kenosha, Wisconsin, in 2014 and Jefferson County, Colorado in 2015. Through documentary analysis of school board records, news reports, and district evaluations, in both Wisconsin and Colorado, we chronicle the political contest for control of each school board. Our findings illustrate the ideological and political project of corporate, conservative influence in public education in the United States.

A partnership between the Morehead State University Art Education Program and the Lake County Alternative School (LCAS) (pseudonyms are used for the school name and county where the school is located) was established in Fall 2011. This ongoing collaboration provides opportunities for Art Education students to teach art and work with at-risk middle and high school students. It also allows LCAS students, who otherwise have no coursework in art, the opportunity to work creatively with visual art media. In addition, Art Education students work toward meeting the Kentucky State Teacher Education field experience hour requirement of 200 contact hours in schools prior to clinical practice. LCAS students apply this art experience toward earning humanities credit.

Chapter documents the strategies employed by local governing officials to resist the implementation of a racially desegregated public school system in Charleston Country, South Carolina in the wake of the landmark 1954 Brown v. Board of Education ruling. It discusses the role of student-led activism in maintaining the momentum of the desegregationist movement, as well as recounts the often traumatic experiences of black children who were among the first to attended desegregated schools in Charleston County. The chapter also considers later battles for education reform in South Carolina and, as such, highlights the ongoing struggle to realise the promises of quality education throughout the state.

Introduction: it is necessary to assess the way students spend their free time in the final years of high school due to the poor results that have appeared recently in the baccalaureate exams. Methods: the study was carried out using a group of 202 students from the 11th and 12th grades from a National College (117 pupils) and a High School (85 pupils) from the city of Dorohoi, Botosani County. The young people filled in a questionnaire with questions about leisure activities and social relationships. The results were processed using Pearson's chi-squared test. Results and discussions: The time allocated daily for physical activity is mostly 15-30 minutes (23.76%) with significant differences between the two schools (p˂0.05). The time spent watching TV is mostly 0.5-1 hours (35.64%) with insignificant differences between grades (p>0.05). Most students (44.05%) do not sit at the computer, the calculated differences being statistically insignificant (p>0.05). When looking at social relationships we take into account friends, where in the majority of cases (32.4%) students have „one” true friend. This is a usual result because in this period of the adolescent's life the role the group of friends plays decreases, with significant differences between school years (p˂0.05). In their free time, they go out into town, mostly 2-3 evenings per week (28.71%), but there are also 31.68% negative answers. Parents are less concerned about school activity (“never” answers – 34.15%) with significant differences between grades (p˂0.01). Parents are also less concerned with the way their children spend their free time (“never” answers – 34.65%) with significant differences between school years (p˂0.05). Conclusions: there is a series of situations that guide us towards a modest concern for the future, both from students and their parents.

As a dynamic transformation of the economy, companies put pressure on universities and other educational suppliers to deliver the labor force with new knowledge and skills required, to ensure their innovation and competitiveness. Because of these dynamics, students are also under pressure when they must decide about future jobs. There is also confusion in the mind of young adult that needs to bear the influence of public media, social media, online communities about the personal development in regional, national, or global environment. In this case, universities and high schools have to inform about trends and perspectives of future career and support students in their choice but they lack of communication capabilities or marketing aspects are overestimated. Our study is based on an online survey with more than 500 participants from Mures county high schools during the 2018-2019 academic year. Most of the student wants to continue their study at university 83,2 %. As a preferential channel of information about university programs students voted as very useful, university websites and meetings with representatives of faculties. The main fields students interested in are: business, engineering, informatics, medicine, public administration and law. Around 13.4% of the high school students intend to continue their study abroad. Almost half of the respondents have clear idea of study program to be chosen. Regarding the influence factors of their choice, family and acquaintances who are already university students have the higher impact rather than colleagues, friends and professors. When referring to criteria for choosing the future university, they favor the number of tax-free places and international mobility. Generally, we can say that students consider university the most important next step in their future career and they proof themselves rather independent to decide about this step. Our study also emphasizes significant levels of indecision and we will deepen our further research for better understanding of the phenomenon.

Abstract Energy costs are the second highest operational expense for K-12 schools in the United States. Improving energy efficiency and moving towards sustainable school buildings not only result in substantial cost savings and reduction of environmental emissions, but also provides an opportunity to enhance students’ awareness regarding energy, environment, and sustainability. Effective tools and techniques that provide thorough understanding of energy consumption in school buildings are valuable to school districts by helping them with prioritizing energy efficiency projects. In the present paper, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network model is developed for estimating monthly energy consumption of K-12 schools in Brevard County, Florida. The inputs to the network are considered as number of occupants, days of operation per months, building’s area, average monthly outdoor dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity, as well as the month’s number and the output from the network is monthly energy consumption. Various network topologies are considered and tested to achieve the optimal configuration for the network. The selected network is successfully trained using three years of energy consumption data for 25 schools in Brevard County, FL (high schools, middle schools, and elementary schools). The results showed that the developed neural network model is capable of accurate estimation of monthly energy consumption of schools. The network tested and validated using the data from schools which were not included in the training dataset and the errors between the known values and estimated values for monthly energy consumptions are evaluated and discussed. Although the current study covers one particular school district (Brevard county) in a given climate zone (2a-hot and humid), the developed approach can be extended to incorporate various climate zones and serve as an effective tool for school energy conservation managers. The end user may obtain a clear idea of the energy consumption of the school building and how it compares against other buildings within the same category and climate zone, with minimum input data required.

This large scale radioactive and chemical land remediation project is a recent example of UKAEA delivering safe and cost effective restoration of a nuclear legacy. The SSA was a 7-hectare part of the non-nuclear licensed area at Harwell, Oxfordshire. The Harwell site is steadily being redeveloped as a business centre. Restoration of the SSA was linked to an opportunity to develop adjacent land for new residential housing. The SSA shared a boundary with Chilton County Primary School and the remediation project had high stakeholder interest. The RAF used the SSA as an ammunition store until 1945. UKAEA used the site from 1946 for radioactive waste handling and for the burial of chemical, radioactive and beryllium contaminated wastes. Planning, characterisation and decommissioning has been ongoing since the late 1980’s. Over the last two years a final clean-up operation has been completed. The project was managed by UKAEA and implemented through competitive contract by RWE Nukem and VHE Construction. The clean-up utilised stakeholder management and consultation methods to inform regulators and the local community. This included a formal public consultation concerning remedial options and the potential for environmental impact. The clean-up was designed against site specific risk based radionuclide and chemical clean-up targets. The project involved the survey, assay and clearance of 250,000 m3 of soils resulting in the segregation of 18,000 m3 of general, chemical and exempt radioactive wastes. The SSA landfill pits were excavated inside double ventilated containment tents in order to ensure that emissions from the works did not affect the nearby public. The project has successfully restored the site to a condition suitable for unrestricted public access.

Anita R. Fedor- Renáta J. Erdei Abstract The focus of our research is labor market integration and the related issues like learning motivation, value choices, health status, family formation and work attitudes. The research took place in the North Great Plain Region – Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza region, Debrecen, Cigánd district (exception), we used the Debrecen and the national database of the Graduate Tracking System. Target groups: 18-70 year-old age group, women and women raising young children, 15-29 year-old young age group, high school students (graduate ones) fresh university graduates. The theorethical frameworks of the precariate research is characterized by a multi-disciplinar approach, as this topic has sociological, economic, psychological, pedagogical, legal and health aspects. Our aim is to show whether There is relevance between the phenomenon of precariate and labor market disadvantage and how individual insecurity factors affect a person’s presence in the labor market. How the uncertainties in the workplace appear in different regions and social groups by expanding the theoretical framework.According to Standing precariate is typical to low gualified people. But I would like to see if it also typical to highly qualifiled young graduates with favourable conditions.It is possible or worth looking for a way out of the precarious lifestyle (often caused by objective reasons) by combining and using management and education.Are there definite features in the subjective state of health of groups with classic precariate characteristics? Results The research results demonstrate that the precarious characteristics can be extended, they are multi-dimensional.The personal and regional risk factors of labor market exclusion can develop both in different regions and social groups. Precarized groups cannot be connected exclusively to disadvantaged social groups, my research has shown that precarious characteristics may also appear, and the process of precarization may also start among highly qualified people. Precariate is a kind of subjective and collective crisis. Its depth largely depends on the economic environment, the economic and social policy, and the strategy and cultural conditions of the region. The results show, that the subjective health of classical precar groups is worse than the others.

Aim/Purpose: This paper provides the results of the preliminary analysis of the findings of an ongoing study that seeks to examine the social media use, cultural and political awareness, civic engagement, issue prioritization, and social activism of Gen Z students enrolled at four different institutional types located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The aim of this study is to look at the group as a whole as well as compare findings across populations. The institutional types under consideration include a mid-sized majority serving or otherwise referred to as a traditionally white institution (TWI) located in a small coastal city on the Atlantic Ocean, a small Historically Black University (HBCU) located in a rural area, a large community college located in a county that is a mixture of rural and suburban and which sits on the border of Maryland and Pennsylvania, and graduating high school students enrolled in career and technical education (CTE) programs in a large urban area. This exploration is purposed to examine the behaviors and expectations of Gen Z students within a representative American region during a time of tremendous turmoil and civil unrest in the United States. Background: Over 74 million strong, Gen Z makes up almost one-quarter of the U.S. population. They already outnumber any current living generation and are the first true digital natives. Born after 1996 and through 2012, they are known for their short attention spans and heightened ability to multi-task. Raised in the age of the smart phone, they have been tethered to digital devices from a young age with most having the preponderance of their childhood milestones commemorated online. Often called Zoomers, they are more racially and ethnically diverse than any previous generation and are on track to be the most well-educated generation in history. Gen Zers in the United States have been found in the research to be progressive and pro-government and viewing increasing racial and ethnic diversity as positive change. Finally, they are less likely to hold xenophobic beliefs such as the notion of American exceptionalism and superiority that have been popular with by prior generations. The United States has been in a period of social and civil unrest in recent years with concerns over systematic racism, rampant inequalities, political polarization, xenophobia, police violence, sexual assault and harassment, and the growing epidemic of gun violence. Anxieties stirred by the COVID-19 pandemic further compounded these issues resulting in a powder keg explosion occurring throughout the summer of 2020 and leading well into 2021. As a result, the United States has deteriorated significantly in the Civil Unrest Index falling from 91st to 34th. The vitriol, polarization, protests, murders, and shootings have all occurred during Gen Z’s formative years, and the limited research available indicates that it has shaped their values and political views. Methodology: The Mid-Atlantic region is a portion of the United States that exists as the overlap between the northeastern and southeastern portions of the country. It includes the nation’s capital, as well as large urban centers, small cities, suburbs, and rural enclaves. It is one of the most socially, economically, racially, and culturally diverse parts of the United States and is often referred to as the “typically American region.” An electronic survey was administered to students from 2019 through 2021 attending a high school dual enrollment program, a minority serving institution, a majority serving institution, and a community college all located within the larger mid-Atlantic region. The survey included a combination of multiple response, Likert scaled, dichotomous, open ended, and ordinal questions. It was developed in the Survey Monkey system and reviewed by several content and methodological experts in order to examine bias, vagueness, or potential semantic problems. Finally, the survey was pilot tested prior to implementation in order to explore the efficacy of the research methodology. It was then modified accordingly prior to widespread distribution to potential participants. The surveys were administered to students enrolled in classes taught by the authors all of whom are educators. Participation was voluntary, optional, and anonymous. Over 800 individuals completed the survey with just over 700 usable results, after partial completes and the responses of individuals outside of the 18-24 age range were removed. Findings: Participants in this study overwhelmingly were users of social media. In descending order, YouTube, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, WhatsApp, LinkedIn and Tik Tok were the most popular social media services reported as being used. When volume of use was considered, Instagram, Snapchat, YouTube and Twitter were the most cited with most participants reporting using Instagram and Snapchat multiple times a day. When asked to select which social media service they would use if forced to choose just one, the number one choice was YouTube followed by Instagram and Snapchat. Additionally, more than half of participants responded that they have uploaded a video to a video sharing site such as YouTube or Tik Tok. When asked about their familiarity with different technologies, participants overwhelmingly responded that they are “very familiar” with smart phones, searching the Web, social media, and email. About half the respondents said that they were “very familiar” with common computer applications such as the Microsoft Office Suite or Google Suite with another third saying that they were “somewhat familiar.” When asked about Learning Management Systems (LMS) like Blackboard, Course Compass, Canvas, Edmodo, Moodle, Course Sites, Google Classroom, Mindtap, Schoology, Absorb, D2L, itslearning, Otus, PowerSchool, or WizIQ, only 43% said they were “very familiar” with 31% responding that they were “somewhat familiar.” Finally, about half the students were either “very” or “somewhat” familiar with operating systems such as Windows. A few preferences with respect to technology in the teaching and learning process were explored in the survey. Most students (85%) responded that they want course announcements and reminders sent to their phones, 76% expect their courses to incorporate the use of technology, 71% want their courses to have course websites, and 71% said that they would rather watch a video than read a book chapter. When asked to consider the future, over 81% or respondents reported that technology will play a major role in their future career. Most participants considered themselves “informed” or “well informed” about current events although few considered themselves “very informed” or “well informed” about politics. When asked how they get their news, the most common forum reported for getting news and information about current events and politics was social media with 81% of respondents reporting. Gen Z is known to be an engaged generation and the participants in this study were not an exception. As such, it came as no surprise to discover that, in the past year more than 78% of respondents had educated friends or family about an important social or political issue, about half (48%) had donated to a cause of importance to them, more than a quarter (26%) had participated in a march or rally, and a quarter (26%) had actively boycotted a product or company. Further, about 37% consider themselves to be a social activist with another 41% responding that aren’t sure if they would consider themselves an activist and only 22% saying that they would not consider themselves an activist. When asked what issues were important to them, the most frequently cited were Black Lives Matter (75%), human trafficking (68%), sexual assault/harassment/Me Too (66.49%), gun violence (65.82%), women’s rights (65.15%), climate change (55.4%), immigration reform/deferred action for childhood arrivals (DACA) (48.8%), and LGBTQ+ rights (47.39%). When the schools were compared, there were only minor differences in social media use with the high school students indicating slightly more use of Tik Tok than the other participants. All groups were virtually equal when it came to how informed they perceived themselves about current events and politics. Consensus among groups existed with respect to how they get their news, and the community college and high school students were slightly more likely to have participated in a march, protest, or rally in the last 12 months than the university students. The community college and high school students were also slightly more likely to consider themselves social activists than the participants from either of the universities. When the importance of the issues was considered, significant differences based on institutional type were noted. Black Lives Matter (BLM) was identified as important by the largest portion of students attending the HBCU followed by the community college students and high school students. Less than half of the students attending the TWI considered BLM an important issue. Human trafficking was cited as important by a higher percentage of students attending the HBCU and urban high school than at the suburban and rural community college or the TWI. Sexual assault was considered important by the majority of students at all the schools with the percentage a bit smaller from the majority serving institution. About two thirds of the students at the high school, community college, and HBCU considered gun violence important versus about half the students at the majority serving institution. Women’s rights were reported as being important by more of the high school and HBCU participants than the community college or TWI. Climate change was considered important by about half the students at all schools with a slightly smaller portion reporting out the HBCU. Immigration reform/DACA was reported as important by half the high school, community college, and HBCU participants with only a third of the students from the majority serving institution citing it as an important issue. With respect to LGBTQ rights approximately half of the high school and community college participants cited it as important, 44.53% of the HBCU students, and only about a quarter of the students attending the majority serving institution. Contribution and Conclusion: This paper provides a timely investigation into the mindset of generation Z students living in the United States during a period of heightened civic unrest. This insight is useful to educators who should be informed about the generation of students that is currently populating higher education. The findings of this study are consistent with public opinion polls by Pew Research Center. According to the findings, the Gen Z students participating in this study are heavy users of multiple social media, expect technology to be integrated into teaching and learning, anticipate a future career where technology will play an important role, informed about current and political events, use social media as their main source for getting news and information, and fairly engaged in social activism. When institutional type was compared the students from the university with the more affluent and less diverse population were less likely to find social justice issues important than the other groups. Recommendations for Practitioners: During disruptive and contentious times, it is negligent to think that the abounding issues plaguing society are not important to our students. Gauging the issues of importance and levels of civic engagement provides us crucial information towards understanding the attitudes of students. Further, knowing how our students gain information, their social media usage, as well as how informed they are about current events and political issues can be used to more effectively communicate and educate. Recommendations for Researchers: As social media continues to proliferate daily life and become a vital means of news and information gathering, additional studies such as the one presented here are needed. Additionally, in other countries facing similarly turbulent times, measuring student interest, awareness, and engagement is highly informative. Impact on Society: During a highly contentious period replete with a large volume of civil unrest and compounded by a global pandemic, understanding the behaviors and attitudes of students can help us as higher education faculty be more attuned when it comes to the design and delivery of curriculum. Future Research This presentation presents preliminary findings. Data is still being collected and much more extensive statistical analyses will be performed.

The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.

The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.