To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: ARO automobile.
Journal articles on the topic 'ARO automobile'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'ARO automobile.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Zheng, Zheng Yu, and Ren Xian Li. "Analysis of the Automobile’s External Aerodynamic Noise Field Characteristics Based on CAA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.58.
Full textAbstract:
This paper dwelled on the principle of Computational Aero-Acoustics (CAA), and utilized the Boundary Element Method (BEM) combined with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based on Lighthill’s analogy to the automobile flow model, and converted the fluctuating flow pressure near the vehicle’s surface into the dipole source boundary condition in acoustics grid, and eventually succeeded in simulating the external aerodynamic noise field of automobile by introducing the dipole source boundary condition into the automobile’s BEM model. The distribution of vehicle’s external aero-acoustics field and the directivity of vehicle’s surface aerodynamic acoustic dipole source were also discussed carefully in this paper. The results show that: The head and tail of car are the main aerodynamic noise source radiation areas, and most of the dipole source’s SPL value is more than 70dB; the variation in car speed greatly impacts on the directivity of aerodynamic noise field near the car’s tail surface (θ=165°~195°).
2
Aga, Merga Abdissa, Berhanu Teshome Woldeamanuel, and Mekonnen Tadesse. "Statistical modeling of numbers of human deaths per road traffic accident in the Oromia region, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): e0251492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251492.
Full textAbstract:
Background Globally, road traffic accidents are the leading causes of death among young people in general, and the main cause of death among young people aged 15–29 years. Recently, in Ethiopia, the number of road traffic accidents has been increasing. The study aimed to identify the potential factors associated with the number of human deaths by road traffic accidents in the Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods We used data obtained from the Oromia region traffic police office recorded on daily basis road traffic accidents from July 2016 up to July 2017. Count regression models were was used to analyses the factors associated with the number of human deaths from road traffic accidents. Results Age of the driver’s 31–50 years (AOR = 0.289, 95%CI: 0.175, 0.479) and higher than 50 years old (AOR = 0.311, 95%CI: 0.129, 0.751), driver’s years of experience 5–10 years (AOR = 0.014, 95%CI: 0.007, 0.027), and more than 10 years (AOR = 0.101, 95%CI: 0.057, 0.176), automobile vehicle type (AOR = 8.642, 95%CI: 2.7644, 27.023), vehicle years of service 5–10 years (AOR = 2.484, 95%CI: 1.194, 5.169), and more than 10 years (AOR = 2.639, 95%CI: 1.268, 5.497), vehicle upside down accidents (AOR = 5.560, 95%CI: 2.506, 12.336), turning illegal position (AOR = 0.454, 95%CI: 0.226, 0.913), residential areas (AOR = 108.506, 95%CI: 13.725, 857.798), and working areas (AOR = 129.606, 95%CI: 16.448, 1021.263) were significant associated number of human deaths per road traffic accident factors in the study area. Conclusion Human deaths per road traffic accidents occurred due to the younger age of the driver, driver’s lack of sufficient experience, vehicle serviced for long years, driving on a wet road, driving in the afternoon, driving near/around residential places and vehicle to driver’s relation. Thus, the regional traffic police should give special attention to younger drivers, less experienced drivers, old vehicles, driving near residential areas, driving automobiles, and driving in the afternoon to control traffic system to reduce the number of human deaths pear road traffic accident.
3
Chen, Jian Xue, and Shui Yu. "Application of ACO-BP Algorithm in Automobile Automatic Transmission Shift Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.553.
Full textAbstract:
Combining ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm with back-propagation (BP) algorithm, the ACO-BP algorithm is proposed to optimize shift decision based on the vehicle velocity, the vehicle acceleration and the throttle opening. Both BP local search capability and global search ability of ACO are utilized, where ACO is used to train the BP network weights and thresholds. Experimental results show that the proposed automatic transmission shift control system has good capability of gear recognition, and can make shift decision promptly and effectively.
4
Okeke, Francis O., Andy E. Okosun, Clifford A. Udeh, and Chukwumezie J. Okekeogbu. "Cities for People: The Dependency & Impact of Automobile in the Life of City Dwellers." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n3p157.
Full textAbstract:
Just like the plough breaking the grounds, many Nigerian cities have been transformed by the use of automobile. Cars have reshaped public realms and remodelled the nation’s landscape, creating a bizarre unpaved erstwhile versions of centuries ago. The rising dominance of automobile is well revealed by their imprints on the urban land use patterns. However, the invention of the mass-produced automobile was a breakthrough in mobility and comfort; the modern consequences of its heavy use has led to a dramatic increase in accident death rates, the use of fossil fuels, social isolation, community disconnection, obesity, environmental pollution, urban sprawl and urban decay. This research, therefore provides an insight into some of the causes of over-dependence on automobile and its impact on the lives of city dwellers using Achara Layout in Enugu as a case study. The target goal is to proffer solution to remedy this obvious lack of foresight on urban transportation system. Using a descriptive research method that utilizes both primary and secondary data, the study through surveys, x-rayed why the increase in automobile dependence. Furthermore, it reveals that although the use of automobile is advantageous, the consequence of over dependency is far more overwhelming. The research results note that four fundamental policies will address successfully and specifically automobile dependency imposed by local conditions. It concludes that the gross accommodation of urban land to automobile be redressed and the expensive sterility of excessive motorized traffic be eliminated and advocates for an eco-friendly alternative means of city transportation. Keywords: Urban, Automobile Dependency, Planning, City Dwellers, Transportation
5
Casner, Stephen M., and Edwin L. Hutchins. "What Do We Tell the Drivers? Toward Minimum Driver Training Standards for Partially Automated Cars." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 13, no. 2 (March 8, 2019): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343419830901.
Full textAbstract:
Each year, millions of automobile crashes occur when drivers fail to notice and respond to conflicts with other vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians. Today, manufacturers race to deploy automation technologies to help eliminate these mishaps. To date, little effort has been made to educate drivers about how these systems work or how they affect driver behavior. Driver education for automated systems amounts to additional pages in an owner’s manual that is known to be a seldom-used glove box reference. In this article, we review the history of automation deployed in the airline cockpit decades ago. We describe how automation helped avoid many common crash scenarios but at the same time gave rise to new kinds of crashes. It was only following a concerted effort to educate pilots about the automation, about themselves, and about the concept of a human-automation team that we reached the near-zero crash rate we enjoy today. Drawing parallels between the automation systems, the available pilot and driver research, and operational experience in both airplanes and automobiles, we outline knowledge standards for drivers of partially automated cars and argue that the safe operation of these vehicles will be enhanced by drivers’ incorporation of this knowledge in their everyday travels.
6
Varrasi, John. "Wheeling and Dealing." Mechanical Engineering 127, no. 04 (April 1, 2005): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2005-apr-3.
Full textAbstract:
This article highlights the inventiveness of engineers that made the auto trade big business in the early 20th century. While lacking the fame and name recognition of others in the US automobile business around the time of World War I, Lloyd R. Smith’s contribution to the industry was major. The A.O. Smith frame plant stands as a vivid case study on the role of engineering and technical innovation in the emergence and growth of the automobile industry. At the start of the 20th century, the gasoline engine initially competed for popularity with the electric motor, which was used on French and English roads. The electric motor was cleaner and easier to shift. It was considered more reliable and safer. The story of the automobile is told around images and symbols of speed and power, beauty and elegance, freedom and open roads. For ASME and the mechanical engineering community, the automobile is also about technological progress and engineering achievement beginning with the 20th century and building for a100 years.
7
Asante, Seth A., Louis H. Adams, John J. Shufon, and Joseph P. McClean. "Estimating Average Automobile Occupancy from Accident Data in New York State." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1553, no. 1 (January 1996): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155300117.
Full textAbstract:
Average automobile occupancy (AAO) data are valuable input to congestion management systems (CMS). Continuous field collection of these data at the system level has been lacking because of high costs associated with current data collection methodology. It is shown how the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) has built upon prior research by the Connecticut Department of Transportation, which uses traffic accident data to calculate estimates of vehicle occupancy, and has tailored the process to meet NYSDOT's CMS needs. Accident data covering a 3-year period are used to estimate AAOs by county, year of occurrence, month of year, day of week, and time-of-day intervals. Occupancy rates are calculated to be lowest during the morning peak traffic period and highest during the evening period between 6:00 and 11:00 p.m. Occupancy rates are highest for summer months and lowest for winter months. Occupancy rates are highest for the weekends and lowest for weekdays. Accident-based AAOs are compared to multiple-station roadside-observed AAOs. Adjustment factors are developed to convert the former to be comparable to the latter. It is concluded that using accident data to estimate AAO is a viable and economical approach to continuous monitoring of system-level AAO performance. NYSDOT is currently using accident-based AAO data as an integral part of its CMS.
8
Shi, Bo Qiang, and Yun Tao Cai. "Application of Fiber- Reinforced Composites for Sports Instruments." Advanced Materials Research 641-642 (January 2013): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.329.
Full textAbstract:
Fiber- reinforced composites have been applied extensively not only in aero-space, automobile and other industries, but also in sports instruments. The application of fiber- reinforced composites for sports instruments is introduced. The advantage of fiber rein-forced composites, materials selection, products varieties, examples and status of application for sports instruments are discussed.
9
Shkrabak, Roman Vladimirovich. "Device for automatic determination of inclination angles of means of mechani-zation of technological processes in agro-industrial complex." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i5pp103-106.
Full textAbstract:
The article describes the problem associated with the loss of stability of means of mechanization of agro-industrial processes by machine-tractor units (transport, stealing, automobile and automobile trains, combines, and lifting cranes). It is noted that this circumstance leads to overturns, accidents, injuries, fires, often accompanied by fatalities. In support of the above, information is summarized on the number of injuries among women and men in the country's agro-industrial enterprises (including lethal ones). It is noted that this is due to the fact that these units are not equipped with devices that signal, automatically notify operators operating in conditions of irregularities in the terrain of fields and roads (mountainous areas) about the achievements of maximum inclination angles, the excess of which leads to overturns. In order to eliminate these situations, a device is justified and based on extensive research, automatically signalling and visually and soundly about reaching the limit angles (for a given machine) of stability in order to take measures by the operator to prevent overturning. Equipping these machines with the proposed innovative device will eliminate the possibility of overturns and related accidents, injuries, fires, providing a socio-economic effect.
10
SUMIZAKI, Shunichiro, and Mituyasu YABE. "Valuing the Willingness to Pay for the Introduction of Bio-Ethanol on Use of Domestic Automobile Fuel." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 26 (2007): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.26.347.
Full text
11
Ugwu, S. C., A. O. Inegbenebor, O. S. I. Fayomi, and N. E. Udoye. "Preparation of Carbon Brushes from Agro-Waste Materials Palm Kernels Shells for Automobile Industry." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1107, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1107/1/012188.
Full text
12
Belyj, Konstantin Vyatcheslavovitch. "Documentation of party organization of the Moscow Automobile Factory named after I. A. Likhachev as a source on history of the company." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 6 (June 2020): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.6.33804.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of this research is the documentation of party organization of the Moscow Automobile Factory named after I. A. Likhachev (known fully as the Public Joint-Stock Company – Likhachov Plant ZIL, Moscow Automobile Society AMO ZIL) as a source on history of the enterprise. The goal of this research consists in determination of information capacity and possibilities of using documentary materials accumulated as a result of work of the primary party organizations of industrial enterprises of the Soviet period, namely with regards to the least studied aspects: social conditions, socio-psychological, and socio-cultural. The analysis of sources demonstrates that the materials of factory party organizations, particularly Moscow Automobile Factory named after I. A. Likhachev, represent one of the most valuable groups of sources in studying the history of a single company and industrial enterprise. They feature high information capacity on the key aspects of the company, including social. It is underlined that the party documentation was used by the Soviet researchers fragmentary and at times not objectively for multiple reasons; therefore, one of the tasks for the historians lies in comprehensive reconstruction of reliable scientific history of enterprises overall, and their party organizations in particular.
13
Manyam*, Harish Reddy, E. B. V. Sri Ram, Lasya Kalidindi, Y. M. S. Mangesh, and A. Neeraj. "Agro Defence: Engineering for Agriculture." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 10 (August 30, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.i9383.08101021.
Full textAbstract:
Today’s world is unimaginable without technology, which plays a key role in all fields of society. We see numerous technological developments in all kinds of fields like automobiles, communication, Artificial Intelligence, etc. So, we have come up with something which can help the agricultural sector. The main aim of this application is to create an interface between farmers and farm produce consumers and it connects farmers across India with the end buyers eliminating the middlemen. To help the farmers, the buyers can pre-book for a crop so that farmers don’t need to take a loan. Without added expense to promote and distribute products farmers can earn better prices for their products and Seasonal crops like mango, rabi, peas, barley, etc. may drive to large market potential like paddy, wheat, etc. will regulate sales in local areas too. The farmers can achieve huge market potential through the transport of these seasonal crops. Mainly this application works throughout the process i.e., pre-processing, processing and post-processing of the crop and interfacing farmers with technological aid to address the labor shortage, product knowledge on chemical inputs and market linkages. This is how we imagined modern technological advancements in the development of the most underrated yet the most important sector i.e. Agriculture. This way the farmers can not only make additional income but also can live with contentment.
14
Peng, Tao, and Binghai Zhou. "Scheduling multiple servers to facilitate just-in-time part-supply in automobile assembly lines." Assembly Automation 38, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-08-2017-102.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose With regard to product variety and cost competition, just-in-time (JIT) part-supply has become a critical issue in automobile assembly lines (AALs). This paper aims to investigate a multiple server scheduling problem (MSSP) encountered in the JIT part-supply process of AALs. Parts are stored in boxes and allotted from the JIT-supermarket to consumptive stations with a multiple server system. The schedule is to dispatch and sequence material boxes on each server for minimizing line-side inventory levels. Design/methodology/approach A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is established to formulate the proposed MSSP to pave the way for CPLEX procedure. Considering the high complexity of MSSP, a hybrid ant colony optimization (HACO) approach is developed by integrating basic ant colony optimization (ACO) with local optimizers that comprise of a fast local search and a tailored breadth-first tree search method. Findings Both CPLEX and HACO approach are capable of solving small-scale instances to optimality within reasonable computation time. The proposed HACO has been well enhanced with the embedded fast local search and tailored breadth-first tree search, and it performs robustly in a statistically significant manner when applied to real-world scale instances. Originality/value No stock-outs constraints and weighted line-side inventory level are considered in this paper, and the MSSP is solved satisfactorily to facilitate an efficient JIT part-supply of the AAL. In terms of the algorithm design, a tree search-based local optimizer is embedded into ACO to combine the mechanisms of ACO and problem-specific optimization.
15
SHIN, HONG GUE, JONG TAE KWON, YOUNG HO SEO, and BYEONG HEE KIM. "FABRICATION OF POLYMER MASTER FOR ANTIREFLECTIVE SURFACE USING HOT EMBOSSING AND AAO PROCESS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 31n32 (December 30, 2008): 5887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208051327.
Full textAbstract:
A simple method for the fabrication of polymer master for antireflective surface is presented. In conventional fabrication methods for antireflective surface, coating method with low refractive index have usually been used. However, it is required to have a high cost and a long processing time for mass production. In this paper, antireflective surface was fabricated by using hot embossing process with porous anodized aluminum oxide. Through multi-AAO and etching processes, nano patterned master with high aspect ratio was fabricated at the large area. Size and aspect ratio of nano patterned master are about 175 ± 25 nm and 2 ~ 3, respectively. In order to replicate nano patterned master, hot embossing process was performed by varying the processing parameters such as temperature, pressure and embossing time etc. Finally, antireflective surface can be successfully obtained after etching process to remove selectively silicon layer of AAO master. Optical and rheological characteristics of antireflective surface were analyzed by using SEM, EDX and spectrometer inspection. Antireflective structure by replicating hot embossing process can be applied to various displays and automobile components.
16
Omotunde Olowomofe, Temitayo, Olaoluwa Jacob Oluyege, Paul Ikechukwu Orjiakor, Ayodele Oluwayemisi Ogunlade, and Solomon Temitayo Olaoye. "Phenotypic and Molecular Screening of Laccase-producing Bacteria Isolated from Automobile Workshop Soil Samples in Ado-Ekiti." International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 5, no. 3 (2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.14.
Full text
17
Reddy, Dareddy Ramana, and Banoth Balunaik. "Development of a Composite Material from Agro Waste for Wear Resistance Application." Materials Science Forum 773-774 (November 2013): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.773-774.319.
Full textAbstract:
The Friction lining is an essential part of braking system. Friction materials have their significant role for transmission in various machines. Their composition keeps on changing to keep pace with technological development and environmental requirements. Earlier asbestos has been used as a friction material because of its good physical and chemical properties. But later researchers eyed that there are many health hazards associated with asbestos handling. The average disk temperature and average stopping time for pass is increased and it has poor dimensional stability. Hence it has lost favor and several alternative materials are being replaced these days. In this work a non-asbestos bio-friction material is enlighten which is developed using an Agro-waste material palm kernel shell (PKS) along with other Ingredients. Among the agro-waste shells investigated the PKS exhibited more favorable properties. The developed friction material is used to produce automobile disk brake pads. The developed brake pads were tested for functional performance on a specially designed experimental test rig. Physical properties of this new material along with wear properties have been determined and reported in this paper. When compared with premium asbestos based commercial brake pad PKS pads were found to have performed satisfactorily in terms of amount of wear and stopping time.
18
Duquette, Michel. "L’industriel automobile et l’alcool : Limite des stratégies multinationales au Brésil." Études internationales 14, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 255–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701500ar.
Full textAbstract:
In the Third World, the Energy Crisis of 1973 emphasized the vulnerability of certain large oil-importing countries engagea in an extensive process of industrialization. As the multinational-dominated automobile industry represented the core of the recent industrializing profile in Brazil, the end of Growth meant a direct threat to its future development as an energy-consuming economic sector. A powerful lobby was then activated to intervene on the side of the State and the national bourgeoisie. The latter was putting forward the PRO-ALCOOL program in the Mid-Seventies, as a response to the new challenge. An alliance with the car industry was made possible when the State withdrew from a tradition of direct involvment in Energy (exemplified by PETROBRAS), to enhance the private sector. Such a neo-liberal strategy in oil-substitution would be aimed at a potentially unlimited market in South America and the Carribean for alcohol-powered cars, while being essentially dependent upon the performance of its participants : the national bourgeoisie engagea in agro-business, and the automobile industry. In the light of recent findings from a research conducted in Brazil, the author recognized the originality of this internationalizing strategy, in the context of regional market integration. However, given its neo-liberal nature, it is not surprising that controls (of costs and quality) remained largely ineffective. Further structural limitations, such as technological deficiencies caused by inadequate R & D activities, uneasy relations among actors, especially among multinational corporations themselves, and a lack of private funding (to be related to the deep crisis in Latin America) delayed the implementation of the program in its original conception. Although reluctant to the introduction of new competitors, especially from Japan, the multinational could be forced into a new alliance that goes far beyond the actual loose formula, if they want the PRO-ALCOHOL program to be reactivated in the near future.
19
Jegan, T. M. Chenthil, D. Ravindran, and M. Dev Anand. "ECM Parameters Modeling and Optimization Using WSGA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.925.
Full textAbstract:
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a non tradition process used for the machining of metal matrix composites. Metal matrix composites are used for applications in aero scope, automobile industries and medical field. Determination of optimal process parameter is difficult in ECM machining process for obtaining maximum Material Removal Rate (MRR) and good Surface Roughness (SR).The multiple regression model was used to obtain the relationship between process parameters and output parameters and Weighted Sum Genetic Algorithm (WSGA) optimization was proposed to optimize the ECM process parameter. .The Voltage, Current, Feed Rate and Electrolyte Concentration are considered as decision variables, MRR and SR are the machining parameters used in the proposed work.
20
Din, Muhammad Moghees Ud, and Byeongil Kim. "Development of Multi-DOF Model of Automotive LED Headlamp Assembly for Force Transmission Prediction Using MATLAB GUI." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 5906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175906.
Full textAbstract:
The use of Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in automobile headlamps began two decades ago. Since then, several design and efficiency improvements have been made. However, the reliability and durability of these LED systems remain uncertain. There are several approaches for reliability analysis, e.g., thermal, electrical, optical, or structural. The first three issues have been studied in the past, but there has been minimal focus on structural and dynamic durability. Uneven road conditions and impact forces acting on the headlamp module can damage components and misalign the aiming mechanism. Moreover, the functionality could be disturbed, thereby decreasing the efficiency of the system. To determine the forces acting inside the module on each component, this study proposes a simulation technique for predicting the magnitude of forces transmitted from the automobile chassis to the headlamp module under even and uneven road conditions. A vibration system with 23 degrees-of-freedom is developed and equations of motion are derived using Newton’s second law of motion. Solving this system of equations with Simulink and MATLAB provided the linear and angular displacements of each element, which were then utilized to calculate the forces transmitted through these elements. Two forcing conditions were compared and the locations with maximum forces are highlighted.
21
Singh, Jagandeep. "Impact of Automobile Recalls on Stock Prices: A Study in the Indian Context." Global Business Review 19, no. 2 (November 21, 2017): 407–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713528.
Full textAbstract:
Not so long ago, ‘product recalls’ in the Indian automobile sector were a novelty. The defective vehicles were repaired as part of the after-sales service. In the absence of a strong regulatory framework, the manufacturers were under no obligation to proactively initiate product recalls. The introduction of a voluntary code on product recalls by the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) in 2012 and introduction/amendments in the existing legal regimen of the country in recent years have led companies to take more than just baby steps towards product recalls. Product recalls are a case of management failure. There is a need for gauging the impact of this failure on the stock price of the manufacturers, especially in the Indian context where the recall phenomenon is poised to gain further momentum. The event study methodology is a widely used approach to assess the impact of a particular event/announcement on the stock price. This methodology was used in the present study to gauge whether abnormal stock returns accrued to the manufacturers during 13 product recall announcements made in the Indian automobile sector between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2015. The study found that product recall announcements generated small and statistically insignificant cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) of –0.02 per cent in the (–1, +1) event window, 0.92 per cent in the (–2, +2) event window and 1.70 per cent in the (–5, +5) event window. The study found no substantial or statistically significant difference in the CAR generated during big recalls and small recalls. Furthermore, the study found little evidence that CAR generated during recalls where defective component(s) in the vehicle were repaired is positive as compared to CAR generated when such component(s) were replaced.
22
Victor, Oluwatuyi SHEGUN, Adewumi Michael Onasanmi, Makanjuola Bosede Christianah, Sam-Ijadele Oluwakemi Ifedayo, Bello Mojisola, and Oluwatuyi Mayowa Funmilayo. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Profile in Commercially Packaged Water in Ado Metropolis, Ekiti State, Nigeria." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 5 (June 26, 2020): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jun361.
Full textAbstract:
Commercially packaged water has been the main source of water supply to residents of Ado Metropolis; due to lack of potable water supply, individuals depend on commercial packaged water for drinking and domestic use. As a result of this, one has little or no assurance on the quality and safety of the water and its source. Heavy metal contamination includes exposure to lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium, heavy metal contamination in Ado metropolis includes anthropogenic sources which includes activities of mining industries as discharge their untreated effluents into nearby water sources, other source of contamination includes automobile source that releases zinc, arsenic and copper; insecticides which releases arsenic and burning of fossil fuels which releases nickel, vanadium and mercury. Heavy metals cause general body weakness, abdominal pain, shortness of breath, chills, diarrhea, vomiting and tingling in the hands and feet when consumed. Hence, this study is important because it will reveal the presence of heavy metals in sampled waters in Ado Metropolis and also compare with WHO standard which in turn gives room for the suggestion of mitigating measures to regulate the sale of these public waters. Some brands of commercially packaged were purchased from different markets in Ado metropolis based on accessibility and high demands.
23
Dasgupta, A., S. Ray, J. Pal, R. Biswas, D. Ray, and A. Ghosal. "Alcohol Consumption by workers in automobile repair shops of a slum of Kolkata: An assessment with AUDIT instrument." Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v3i3.9188.
Full textAbstract:
Background National Household Survey of Drug Use in the India in its systematic effort to document the nationwide prevalence of drug use including alcohol consumption reported that almost 21% of the adult male Indian consume alcohol in a year. To find out prevalence, pattern and consequences of drinking and determine the relationship of alcohol use with demographic and socio-economic factors among auto-mobile repair workers. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among auto-mobile repair workers in the urban field practice area of All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata. Results Prevalence of alcoholism in the community of automobile repair workers was found to be as high as 79%. More than 50% of the alcoholics belonged to the hazardous and dependent variety according to the WHO developed AUDIT instrument.53.01% of the alcoholics consumed foreign liquor predominantly and 87.95% bought them from licensed liquor shops. Mean age of initiation of drinking was 18.67 years. Taking loan OR (95% CI) 3.51(1.56-7.92), gambling OR (95% CI) 3.38(1.48-7.69) and clinical signs of alcoholism OR (95% CI) 5.52 (2.13 - 14.29) were significantly associated with chronic alcohol abuse. A multivariate logistic regression model was created for socio-economic variables which showed education AOR (95%CI) 4.65(1.34- 16.31) and total number of family members AOR (95%CI) 5.33(1.31-25.02) were significantly associated with drinking status (Nagelkerke R2 for this model is 0.2585). ConclusionThe prevalence of alcoholism is high in the automobile repair workers and therefore all efforts must be made to reduce, if not eliminate, alcohol consumption among the workers of auto-mobile service centres.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v3i3.9188 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2013;3(3): 269-274
24
Beltran, Luis Felipe, Marco Antonio Almendarez, Victor Hugo Flores, Karla Suzeth Trejo, Magdalena Lagunas, and Alfredo Ortega. "Technology transfer offices as promoters of technology, innovation and regional development in mexico." International Journal of Innovation 8, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/iji.v8i1.16474.
Full textAbstract:
Objective of the study: The main objective of this research work was to analyze the importance of a Technology Transfer Office (TTO) as an innovation promoter in regional development in Mexico. Methodology/Approach: An analysis bibliographic was used, application of surveys and generation of indexes. In 2014, a survey was applied to 131 TTOs to measure their impacts.Originality/Relevance: To perform this analysis, we used a self-generated indicator, an index that measures the degree of specialization by geographic region and economic sector, using indicators of regional agglomeration as a basis. The agglomeration model generated was composed of national patent applications, international patents, utility models, industrial designs, and trade secrets.Main results: The results by geographical area in Mexico, were the Northwest, specializing in aquaculture, fisheries, aeronautics and agriculture; the Northeast, in biotechnology, chemistry and metallurgy mechanics; the Center, in automobile, energy, and software; the West, in aerospace, automobile, chemistry and metallurgy mechanics; the Southeast, in food industry, construction, and mining.Theoretical/methodological contributions: We found that the specialization of the TTOs among the various productive sectors in Mexico has contributed to the highest rates of growth in patent registration in the Latin American region.Social/management contributions: Although contributions generated in protecting intellectual property at international level are still insufficient, we believe we are on the right track. At least Mexico started to generate the innovation ecosystem that other countries began four decades ago.
25
Arunachalam, V. S., and Gopal R. Rao. "Energy and expansion: The Tata story." MRS Bulletin 35, no. 9 (September 2010): 652–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.674.
Full textAbstract:
Tata is a household name in India. Starting well over a century ago, the Tatas began their foray into industry, and the brand represents more than a diversifed conglomerate. The Tatas are well-respected, having endeared themselves in every walk of Indian life. Their businesses are all-pervasive, from building automobiles and generating electric power to making steel and building supercomputers. Their charitable trusts and endowments are as extensive as their businesses. They have founded and funded outstanding educational institutions and human welfare organizations, and they have supported research on alleviating human suffering. The incumbent of the Tata Group is Ratan Naval Tata, a Cornell University graduate in architecture. In the 20 years since he took over the mantle, he has set the Tata industries on a steep growth trajectory, increasing the revenue of the Tata industries 12-fold, making automobiles—the famed Nano—available at very affordable prices in India, and introducing effcient steelmaking. The business empire he heads, the Tata Group, has over 90 companies with footholds in 80 countries. In the midst of his busy globe-trotting schedule, we managed to steal an hour of his time at the Tatas' “Bombay House” headquarters for him to tell us how he sees the global energy challenges and the opportunities they create.
26
Ye, Bang Yan, Jian Ping Liu, Meng Yang Qin, Cheng Zhong Zhang, and Xue Zhi Zhao. "New Method of Pre-Stress Hard Cutting for Screw Shaft." Key Engineering Materials 455 (December 2010): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.455.481.
Full textAbstract:
The import mechanical components and burden part in aeronautic and automobile industry, such as screw shaft, aero-bearing and engine vane etc. are often found fatigue failure cased by their residual stress state on machined surface. Aiming at the problem, this paper presents a new green machining technology by integrating pre-stress cutting and hard machining method. The principle of pre-stress hard cutting of shaft part is introduced together with its implementary process in this paper. Pre-stress loading method on screw shaft is investigated and device for actualizing the process is designed. Experiment of pre-stress hard cutting is carried out for screw shaft with PCBN tool. The experimental results show that by using this method, residual compressive stress is got on machined surface and hence increase the quality and fatigue life of screw shaft.
27
D., Vivekanandan, Sakthivel M., Srinivasa Moorthy S., and Ajith Arul Daniel S. "Fabrication and characterization of TiO2 particulate filled agave Americana fiber-reinforced polyester resin composites." Pigment & Resin Technology 48, no. 6 (November 4, 2019): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-08-2018-0079.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose In this study, TiO2 is used to enhance the mechanical properties of the composite material containing agave Americana fiber and polyester resin. Design/methodology/approach Agave Americana fiber was first treated with 5% of NaOH, and the composition of treated and untreated fiber was kept constant, whereas the particulate and resin were alternatively used. The handlay method is used to fabricate the composite plates. The morphology of the composites was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings The composite was composed of 30% treated agave Americana, 10% of TiO2 particulates and 60% of a polyester resin for better and enhanced mechanical properties. Practical implications The composite can be used for aero-structural components, automobile components and other areas where light-weight components are required. Originality/value A new type of agave Americana fiber with TiO2 and polyester resin composite was fabricated and investigated.
28
Hoang, Ngoc-Tan, and Hong-Sen Yan. "On the Innovation Design for Two-Motor Transmissions with Eight-Link Mechanisms in the Electric Vehicles." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010140.
Full textAbstract:
A decade ago, electric vehicles (EV) made a boom in the automobile market, as they started to become a growing market section in the transportation space. The reasons behind the boom were to decrease environmental pollution by reducing the use of fossil fuels, lowering transportation operating costs, and increased general consumer interest in the new technology. This work generates a streamlined process for the design and simulation of motor transmissions with eight-link mechanisms. This procedure presents a wide range of motor transmissions such as 34 new clutchless systems and 34 new clutched systems. Two novel feasible motor transmissions of the design process are taken as a sample to dissect the working principle conjoined both power flow paths and operation modes. In addition, these designs are conducted for modeling and computer simulation procedures that obtain the results of the energy management strategy and operation mode variation.
29
Dhupal, D., B. Doloi, and B. Bhattacharyya. "Optimization of process parameters of Nd:YAG laser microgrooving of Al2TiO5 ceramic material by response surface methodology and artificial neural network algorithm." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 221, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 1341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem814.
Full textAbstract:
The high-intensity pulsed Nd:YAG laser has the capability to produce both deep grooves and microgrooves on a wide range of engineering materials such as ceramics, composites, and diamond. The micromachining of ceramics is highly demanded in industry because of its wide and potential uses in various fields such as automobile, electronic, aerospace, and biomedical engineering. Engineering ceramic, i.e. aluminium titanate (Al2TiO5), has tremendous application in the automobile and aero-engine industries owing to its excellent thermal properties. The present paper deals with the artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) based mathematical modelling and also an optimization analysis of the machining characteristics of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser during the microgrooving operation on Al2TiO5. The experiments were planned and carried out based on design of experiments (DOE). Lamp current, pulse frequency, pulse width, assist air pressure, and cutting speed were considered as machining process parameters during the pulsed Nd:YAG laser microgrooving operation and these parameters were also utilized to develop the ANN predictive model. The response criteria selected for optimization were upper width, lower width, and depth of the trapezoidal microgroove. The optimal process parameter settings were obtained as an assist air pressure of 1.2944 kgf/cm2, lamp current of 19.3070A, pulse frequency of 1.755 kHz, pulse width of 5.7087 per cent of duty cycle, and cutting speed of 10mm/s for achieving the desired upper width, lower width, and depth of the laser microgroove. The output of the RSM optimal data was validated through experimentation and the ANN predictive model. A good agreement is observed between the results based on the ANN predictive model and the actual experimental observations.
30
Bishop, David, Allan Moore, and Naveen Chandrashekar. "A New Ankle Foot Orthosis for Running." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 33, no. 3 (January 2009): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640903055254.
Full textAbstract:
Traumatic knee injuries in automobile accidents and sports often lead to damage of the peroneal nerve. A lack of control of muscles innervated by the peroneal nerve due to this damage, results in the inability to dorsiflex and evert the foot and to extend the toes. This condition is commonly known as foot drop. Foot drop reduces the stability in the body while walking and running and may also cause injury due to lack of foot clearance during the swing phase of the gait. Traditionally, an ankle foot orthosis (AFO), comprised of a moulded sheet of plastic that conforms around the posterior calf and distally contains all or part of the calcaneous as well as the plantar foot, is used to treat foot drop. The intent of this orthosis is to dorsiflex the foot to provide clearance during the swing phase of walking and running. Traditional AFO results in increased pressures due to a decrease in dorsiflexion range of motion at the ankle and make the orthosis increasingly uncomfortable to wear. Several other existing designs of foot drop AFO suffer from similar inadequacies. To address these issues, a new AFO was developed. The device was successfully used by one person with foot drop without issues for more than one year. This new design conforms to the lower anterior shin and dorsum of the foot using dorsiassist Tamarack ankle joints to allow for greater plantar and dorsiflexion range of motion. While still limiting ankle inversion it does allow for more ankle eversion. This orthosis can be discretely worn inside shoes due to its smaller size, and can be worn for a longer period of time without discomfort.
31
Mishina, Zoya N. "Economic and social challenges of engineering and technical services in the agro-industrial complex." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin, no. 3 (August 20, 2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-58-3-49-56.
Full textAbstract:
The engineering and technical service of an agricultural enterprise is the core of the production management system. The level of its organization largely determines the effectiveness of equipment and technologies used in production. The strategic goal of agricultural engineering services at all levels is to change radically the system of machine and technological security of agricultural producers. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in determining the economic and social tasks of engineering and technical services in the agro-industrial complex. (Materials and methods) In order to assess the efficiency of engineering departments, it is necessary to analyze the level of use of the company's machine-tractor and automobile fleets. Improving the reliability of the machine and tractor feel now becomes a priority. The majority of experts present this task in the set of measures that practically do not affect the question of perfection of the engineering service. (Results and discussion) The article shows that the development of innovative processes in the field of mechanical engineering contributes to the entry of new equipment and technologies into production and causes the need for farm engineers to study novelties and ways of their effective application. The promising version of the engineering service offers its structure and material support, which will not only provide high production indicators, but also allow specialists to constantly analyze technological processes, search for their reserves using modern information technologies. There is an urgent need to develop models of information support for engineering services, automated workplaces for engineers, the formation of on-farm databases and specialized computer programs to work with it. (Conclusion) The expected efficiency of implementing research results will reduce the cost of maintaining technological machines and equipment.
32
Jagannathan, Lakshmi, and Fatima Jacob. "Managing the Supply Chain for Global Success a Case Study of Indian Auto Component Industry." Ushus - Journal of Business Management 6, no. 1 (January 10, 2007): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.10.4.
Full textAbstract:
From a country that sold just a few hundred thousand cars annually a decade ago, over a million cars roll out of Indian factories every year to fuel a vibrant component industry with global quality and technology standards.
McKinsey and Company has predicted that the Indian automobile component industry would grow to a whopping $33-40 billion by 2015, out of which the global outsourcing of components could be to the tune of $20-25 billion! The Indian auto component manufacturers would see an exponential growth in output over the next decade. The industry is growing at a compounded rate of 20-25%, much faster than that of the domestic market (10-14 %). Many consider this growth in exports as just the tip of the iceberg similar to that witnessed by the information technology industry in the early 1990s. The sustained growth of Indian auto component industry can be attributed to many factors, but primarily to efficient management of the supply chain.
33
CHETTAH, Saif Eddine, and Nadra NAIT AMAR. "TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT IN ALGERIA: THE REQUISITE OF ENERGY TRANSITION IN THE ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 112 (September 1, 2021): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2021.112.3.
Full textAbstract:
Less than ten years ago, Algeria embarked on an energy transition with the objectives of sustainable development. Although it concerns all economic sectors, efforts made in the field of road transport, as the main polluter and energy consumer at the national level, are far from being sufficient despite its inclusion in policy statements. This sector is operational exclusively on fossil and exhaustible energies whereas its atmospheric pollutants and gaseous emissions are highly harmful to the environment, public health and the economy. Thus, this paper points out the emergency of an energy transition in the road transport sector to clean and renewable energy as a necessity rather than a choice. It highlights, first, the characteristics of the Algerian automobile fleet and its various impacts and damages on the environment, public health and the economy. Furthermore, it evaluates the various policy initiatives towards sustainable transport and their deficiencies. Hence, the right attitudes and regulatory instruments towards sustainable transport in Algeria are recommended.
34
Okechukwu, Okpe Bernard, Chukwuneke Jeremiah Lekwuwa, and Omenyi Sam Nna. "Implications of Interfacial Energetics on the Tack/Debonding of Single and Hybrid Pressure Sensitive Adhesives." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 546–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i1.ec01.
Full textAbstract:
This paper present the implications of interfacial energetics on the tack/debonding of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA). The materials used include acrylic, pvc-abro, polyurethane and epoxy by single and hybrid combinations. Mild steel plate of 130mm x 130mm with 1.2mm thickness was used as a substrate. The contact angle was measured on surfaces of PSA and the substrate using OWK and Wu models. The force required to debond the PSA from the substrate (the tack) was measured with a universal testing machine. The results gave the maximum deflections as 4.9074 x10-4 N/mm2 and tack as 3.35769 x10-5 N/m for single PSA of Epoxy are higher than those for Acrylic, Pvc-Abro and Polyurethane PSAs materials. However, with Acrylic/Epoxy and Epoxy/ Pvc Abro hybrids, higher tack forces of 3 x10-5 mJ and 2.725 x 10-5mJ with corresponding higher values of 2.28225 x10-4N/mm2 and 1.61243 x10-4N/mm2 maximum deflections were obtained. These results showed that epoxy is better from tack force. The results clearly show that all the properties – surface free energy, work of adhesion, and tack are higher for hybrid PSA than for the single PSAs ranging from 1.5% to up to 80% difference. It was observed that as the angle of contact increased, the work of adhesion and cohesion increased. The results of this work can find application in dentistry in dentin/adhesive interface and hybridization of dental hard tissues with modified adhesive systems. Applications can also be found in carpentry, in polymer composites for automobile bodies and ceramics.
35
Okechukwu, Okpe Bernard, Chukwuneke Jeremiah Lekwuwa, and Omenyi Sam Nna. "Implications of Interfacial Energetics on the Tack/Debonding of Single and Hybrid Pressure Sensitive Adhesives." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 546–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i1.ec01.
Full textAbstract:
This paper present the implications of interfacial energetics on the tack/debonding of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA). The materials used include acrylic, pvc-abro, polyurethane and epoxy by single and hybrid combinations. Mild steel plate of 130mm x 130mm with 1.2mm thickness was used as a substrate. The contact angle was measured on surfaces of PSA and the substrate using OWK and Wu models. The force required to debond the PSA from the substrate (the tack) was measured with a universal testing machine. The results gave the maximum deflections as 4.9074 x10-4 N/mm2 and tack as 3.35769 x10-5 N/m for single PSA of Epoxy are higher than those for Acrylic, Pvc-Abro and Polyurethane PSAs materials. However, with Acrylic/Epoxy and Epoxy/ Pvc Abro hybrids, higher tack forces of 3 x10-5 mJ and 2.725 x 10-5mJ with corresponding higher values of 2.28225 x10-4N/mm2 and 1.61243 x10-4N/mm2 maximum deflections were obtained. These results showed that epoxy is better from tack force. The results clearly show that all the properties – surface free energy, work of adhesion, and tack are higher for hybrid PSA than for the single PSAs ranging from 1.5% to up to 80% difference. It was observed that as the angle of contact increased, the work of adhesion and cohesion increased. The results of this work can find application in dentistry in dentin/adhesive interface and hybridization of dental hard tissues with modified adhesive systems. Applications can also be found in carpentry, in polymer composites for automobile bodies and ceramics.
36
Belyj, Konstantin Vyatcheslavovitch. "Transcripts of Factory Production Meetings as a Source on the Socio-Psychological Aspects of Industrial Enterprise History (on the Example of Ttranscripts of AMO ZIL)." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 1 (January 2020): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.1.31740.
Full textAbstract:
The article's research is centered on the transcripts of industrial conferences, meetings and reunions of the Moscow Automobile Plant named after I.A. Likhachev (AMO ZIL). The aim of this study is to determine the information potential of the transcripts taken during factory meetings concerning production issues and to use them as a source for studying the socio-psychological aspects of the history of industrial enterprises. The author examines in detail many aspects of the topic, including the transcripts' reflection of the views of enterprise managers, unit leaders, engineering and technical workers and workers in the production process, the features of the business culture, and the motivation of production participants. In working with transcripts, the author applied the socio-psychological and illustrative methods to a comprehensive analysis of sources. The research revealed a high saturation of information contained in the transcripts of production meetings, showing the possibilities of their use for studying the socio-psychological aspects of the history of industrial enterprises, in particular, the economic culture, the mentality of organizers and production participants, the atmosphere within the team, the views of managers and employees on the production process, their work motivation, as well as other issues. The author introduces into scientific circulation previously unexamined archival materials.
37
Mahdal, Miroslav, Josef Dobeš, and Milada Kozubková. "Measurement of Aerodynamic and Acoustic Quantities Describing Flow around a Body Placed in a Wind Tunnel." Measurement Science Review 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2019-0004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Aerodynamically generated noise affects passenger comfort in cars, high-speed trains, and airplanes, and thus, automobile manufacturers aim for its reduction. Investigation methods of noise and vibration sources can be divided into two groups, i.e. experimental research and mathematical research. Recently, owing to the increase in computing power, research in aerodynamically generated noise (aero-acoustics) is beginning to use modern methods such as computational fluid dynamics or fluid-structure interaction. The mathematical model of turbulent flow is given by the system of partial differential equations, its solution is ambiguous and thus requires verification by physical experiment. The results of numerical methods are affected by the boundary conditions of high quality gained from the actual experiment. This article describes an application of complex measurement methodology in the aerodynamic and acoustic (vibro-acoustic) fields. The first part of the paper is focused on the specification of the experimental equipment, i.e. the wind tunnel, which was significantly upgraded in order to obtain the relevant aerodynamics and vibro-acoustics data. The paper presents specific results from the measurement of the aerodynamic and vibro-acoustic fields.
38
Plotnick, Roy E. "Creating Models for Interpreting Data." Paleontological Society Special Publications 11 (2002): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200009989.
Full textAbstract:
For many of us, the word model may trigger remembrances of long-ago afternoons spent painstakingly gluing a small plastic car or airplane model together (for others, it may conjure up images of a somewhat emaciated young woman staring out of the cover of Vogue or Elle). The model car is not the same as a real car; it is made of different materials, it has many fewer parts, and it does not move. Nevertheless, it resembles a real automobile sufficiently that we recognize it as a realistic representation. Similarly, scientists use the term model to refer to a reconstruction of nature for the purpose of study (Levins, 1966). In other words, in order to understand nature, one may not always want to study it directly. Instead, understanding may come from studying a facsimile of nature that captures what is perceived to be its essential properties. In the same way, a child may learn how a car is built by building a plastic model of it, even if this model contains no moving parts.
39
Plotnick, Roy E. "Creating Models for Interpreting Data." Paleontological Society Special Publications 9 (1999): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200014180.
Full textAbstract:
For many of us, the word model may trigger remembrances of long-ago afternoons spent painstakingly gluing a small plastic car or airplane model together (for others, it may conjure up images of a somewhat emaciated young woman staring out of the cover of Vogue or Elle). The model car is not the same as a real car; it is made of different materials; it has many fewer parts, and it does not move. Nevertheless, it resembles a real automobile sufficiently that we recognize it as a realistic representation. Similarly, scientists use the term model to refer to a reconstruction of nature for the purpose of study (Levins, 1966). In other words, in order to understand nature, one may not always want to study it directly. Instead, understanding may come from studying a facsimile of nature that captures what is perceived to be its essential properties. In the same way, a child may learn how a car is built by building a plastic model of it, even if this model contains no moving parts.
40
Valenti, Michael. "Compressed Air on Demand." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 08 (August 1, 1998): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-aug-7.
Full textAbstract:
This article analyzes that the demand of compressed gas has increased manifold in automobile engineering. A manufacturer of gear motors retrofitted its system to provide a more reliable supply of air, which help reduce its energy bills by over $40,000 a year. When Bodine Electric Co. built a fractional horsepower gear-motor plant in Chicago 35 years ago, management intentionally overbuilt the compressed-air system to serve projected expansion. As it turned out, Bodine’s motor production never came near to stretching its compressed-air system’s capacity, largely because the company replaced its spray-paint delivery system with a powder coating technology. To ensure that compressed-air capacity was more in line with demand, assistance was sought in early 1996 from Chicago-based Commonwealth Edison (ComEd) in purchasing a new compressed-air system. In addition to the annual savings in electricity, the new compressors provide Bodine with a more reliable supply of compressed air. The system is completely backed up, so that even if one air compressor goes completely out of service, production will continue.
41
Sangalette, Beatriz Sobrinho, Tiago Trevizan Levatti, Larissa Vargas Vieira, João Lopes Toledo Filho, Cláudio Maldonado Pastori, and Gustavo Lopes Toledo. "Treatment of Fracture Sequel in the Mandibular Angle Region." Case Reports in Surgery 2019 (July 4, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4627301.
Full textAbstract:
Because of the anterior disposition on the face and the fragility of the anatomy, the mandible is commonly affected in facial fractures, and the angle region represents 32% of the mandibular fractures; therefore, the objective of the paper was to present a proposal for late correction of the mandibular fracture already consolidated and with occlusal alteration. Patient J.C.P.R., 32, during anamnesis reported loss of sensibility in the mentalis region as well as unilateral posterior open bite for having been a victim of an automobile accident about 1 year and 3 months ago. Physical examination showed elevation in the right mandibular angle region due to the poor positioning of fractured stumps. It has been found that the patient suffered a simple fracture at the mandibular angle, but that had not been treated previously, and it was necessary to treat the fracture sequel. Refraction was performed with a new reduction and fixation through titanium plates and screws, showing that, even being late, the procedure to reduce the fracture sequela was effective, even with the correct functional occlusal adjustment.
42
Messier, Russell. "Thin Film Deposition Processes." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 11 (November 1988): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400063879.
Full textAbstract:
Thin film materials pervade our everyday life as transparent conductors in LCD watches and computer displays and in defrosters for automobiles... antireflection coatings for camera lenses… optical fibers for communication … architectural glass coatings for both color and energy efficiency… solar cells… decorative coatings on plastics such as for toys and automobiles parts… a whole host of electronic and optoelectronic devices… hard coatings for cutting tools, drill bits, and bearings … even metallic coatings inside potato chip bags to keep the chips crisp!Without thin films our lifestyles would be drastically different. And this trend toward increased use of thin film technology will only continue.The varied reasons for using thin films and the specific deposition processes for preparing them are often complex; but usually relate to function, cost, beauty, materials and energy efficiency, and performance. In addition to technological applications, scientists are finding thin films to be an invaluable tool for investigating new physical phenomena, even at the quantum level. For instance, two of the most important new materials—high temperature ceramic superconductors and diamond coatings — are currently being made by several thin film deposition processes in order to explore both their scientific and technological potential.Just 25 years ago the variety of deposition processes for preparing thin films was quite limited. Thin film scientists and technologists had at their disposal electrodeposition, elementary chemical vapor deposition, evaporation, and dc sputtering. Commercial equipment for electron-beam evaporation, a mainstay in the optical coatings industry, was just being developed. Most of the deposition processes reviewed in this and next month's MRS BULLETIN were either not commercially available or were not even conceived of then.
43
Rozhbiany, Fakhir Aziz Rasul, and Shawnim Rashied Jalal. "Influence of reinforcement and processing on aluminum matrix composites modified by stir casting route." Advanced Composites Letters 28 (January 1, 2019): 2633366X1989658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633366x19896584.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study, the individual and combined effect of reinforcement on aluminum (Al; 6063) alloy is discussed. These Al metal matrix composites with individual and multiple reinforcements are finding increased application in aerospace, automobile industry, underwater machines, and transportation application, due to improved mechanical and tribological properties like strong, stiff, wear, and impact resistance. Al 6063 alloy reinforced with different elements such as two types of ceramic mortar ash (MA) and nanofibrillated composite (NFC), industrial waste met coke ash (MCA), and agro waste straw ash with the constant rate of 5 wt% for each reinforced element. The results show a significant effect on the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness. Damping characteristic improved by mixing of MA and NFC together and the results shown that the damping characteristics can be good for MCA reinforcement. Logarithmic decrement slowly increased by adding all types of reinforced metal together. NFC has high resistance to wear loss followed by MA and MCA but for mixing all types of reinforcements together resulted in good improvement in wear loss. Microstructure analysis of Al matrix composites is the small grain size and uniform distribution with good particulate matrix interface bonding.
44
Emelyanov, P. A. "IMPROVING THE STABILITY OF THE MOVEMENT OF TRAILED VEHICLES." AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIA 21, no. 3 (September 2021): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2541-7835-2021-21-106-114.
Full textAbstract:
Today, automobile and tractor trains with trailers are quite popular vehicles used for transporting agricultural goods in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. Road trains and trac-tors with trailers are characterized by lower performance indicators (maneuverability, stability of movement) than single vehicles. Accordingly, special requirements for safety and trouble-free op-eration are imposed on motor-tractor trains. The author of the article proposes a technical solution that provides longitudinal stability of the movement of multi-link trackless vehicles, and has, in comparison with known analogues, simplicity of design and increased efficiency in the operating conditions of multi-link tractor trains. Analytical studies have been carried out, which made it possible to justify the rational kinematic and geometric parameters of the proposed technical solu-tion. The strength parameters of the damping device installed at the coupling point of tractors and trailers, and ensuring the operational reliability of trailed dump vehicles, are determined. The re-sults of the conducted research are recommended to both domestic and foreign research institutes, design and production structures of the automotive industry for further study and refinement of the proposed device with a view to its possible introduction into practice.
45
Malone, Gwendolyn, and Ryan Porto. "General Motors Global Ergonomic Manufacturing Engineering Process Appling consistent strategies and methodologies for success." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 899–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601205.
Full textAbstract:
General Motors (GM) ergonomics activity began over 30 years ago as a decentralized, ad-hoc effort in various plants and divisions. In the mid-80’s GM and The United Automobile Workers (UAW) Union participated in an ergonomics pilot project with the University of Michigan (resulting in several published articles). In 1990 UAW-GM- Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) entered into an agreement on Ergonomics. These were the catalyst for Ergonomics Program in General Motors. By the mid-2000’s GM recognized how critical it was to shift more attention to “designing in” ergonomic principles and guidelines early in the vehicle and powertrain development process. Today, our Global Manufacturing Engineering Ergonomics team (Program Ergonomists) consist of individuals around the globe that execute our ergonomics process across several functional groups, as a single voice to ensure: Vehicle and Powertrain Product Engineering (PE) teams implement ergonomic principles in the products we make, and Manufacturing Engineering (ME) teams implement ergonomic principles when launching new programs in the manufacturing plants. Our primary focus is to design out systemic product and manufacturing issues and prevent future ergonomics issues before the product goes into production. GM’s ergonomics process is based on proactive assessments using internal and external ergonomic tools, research, and guidelines.
46
Batty, Michael, and Yichun Xie. "Self-organized criticality and urban development." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 3, no. 2-3 (1999): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1026022699000151.
Full textAbstract:
Urban society is undergoing as profound a spatial transformation as that associated with the emergence of the industrial city two centuries ago. To describe and measure this transition, we introduce a new theory based on the concept that large-scale, complex systems composed of many interacting elements, show a surprising degree of resilience to change, holding themselves at critical levels for long periods until conditions emerge which move the system, often abruptly, to a new threshold. This theory is called ‘self-organized criticality’; it is consistent with systems in which global patterns emerge from local action which is the hallmark of self-organization, and it is consistent with developments in system dynamics and their morphology which find expression in fractal geometry and weak chaos theory. We illustrate the theory using a unique space–time series of urban development for Buffalo, Western New York, which contains the locations of over one quarter of a million sites coded by their year of construction and dating back to 1773, some 60 years before the city began to develop. We measure the emergence and growth of the city using urban density functions from which measures of fractal dimension are used to construct growth paths of the way the city has grown to fill its region. These phase portraits suggest the existence of transitions between the frontier, the settled agricultural region, the centralized industrial city and the decentralized postindustrial city, and our analysis reveals that Buffalo has maintained itself at a critical threshold since the emergence of the automobile city some 70 years ago. Our implied speculation is: how long will this kind of urban form be maintained in the face of seemingly unstoppable technological change?
47
Belyj, Konstantin Vyatcheslavovitch. "Stenographic transcriptions of reminiscences of the executives and employees of Moscow Automobile Factory as a source on socio-psychological aspects of the history of its establishment (1915-1924)." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 3 (March 2020): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.3.32298.
Full textAbstract:
This research is dedicated to stenographic transcriptions of reminiscences of the executives and employees of the Moscow Automobile Factory named after I. A. Likhachev (AMO ZIL). The goal consists in determination of information capacity of stenographic transcription of reminiscences as a source for studying the socio-psychological aspects of the history of industrial enterprises. The author examines the following aspects: reflection in stenographic transcriptions of the views of company’s executives and technician engineers upon the industrial process; different aspects of economic culture of the company; socio-psychological image of employees and their relation to development of the company, local and nationwide sociopolitical processes, technological difficulties; perception of collective environment by the staff members; working and living conditions. In the course of study, the author applied socio-psychological and illustrative methods based on the comprehensive analysis of sources. As a result, the author determines high informational vale of stenographic transcriptions of reminiscences, demonstrate possibilities its implementation in studying socio-psychological aspects of the history of industrial enterprises, namely economic culture, mentality of technical officers and staff members, atmosphere inside the collective, motivation and incentive system for employees, role of interpersonal relations in establishment and functionality of the company, views of executives and technician engineers on the industrial process, etc. Previously unstudied archival materials were introduced into the scientific discourse.
48
Government, Rabboni Mike, Edozie Thompson Okeke, Azeez Taofik Oladimeji, Amechi Kingsley Ani, Okechukwu Dominic Onukwuli, and Raphael Stone Odera. "Effect of using different chemically modified breadfruit peel fiber in the reinforcement of LDPE composite." Materials Testing 63, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-0041.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper was based on the application of novel breadfruit peel fiber (BFPF), a cheap agro-waste as reinforcer in low-density polyethylene matrix (LDPE) to produce breadfruit peel fiber-low-density-polyethylene composite (BFPF-LDPE) for industrial production. To achieve this, the influence of BFPF weight at different treatment routes on the mechanical properties and water absorption resistance of LDPE was examined. The BFPF was modified with sodium hydroxide (MS), sodium hydroxide/acetic acid (AM) and sodium hydroxide/acetic acid/maleated polyethylene (MM). The results showed that the treatment of BFPF with sodium hydroxide/acetic acid/maleated polyethylene gave better properties than composites produced with either sodium hydroxide or combination of sodium hydroxide/ acetic acid treatment, while untreated (UM) composite provided the poorest. This is a result of anhydride radical in MM which is absent in AM and MS. However, the tensile and impact strength for the crude LDPE indicated higher values than UM, MS, AM and MM of BFPF-LDPE composite, respectively. Furthermore, the tensile modulus, flexural strength and hardness of BFPF-LDPE composite after inclusion of UM, MS, AM and MM showed immense improvement as compared to the raw LDPE. The modified BFPF enhanced sorption resistance of the BFPF-LDPE composite. Therefore, the BFPF-LDPE composite of MM can be applied as an alternative material for the replacement of particle board in construction and automobile parts.
49
Ranavaya, Mohammed I., and Christopher R. Brigham. "International Use of the AMA Guides® to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment." Guides Newsletter 25, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2020.marapr01.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Since its inception more than six decades ago, the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, (AMA Guides), has become internationally accepted as a global benchmark and is used in the United States, Canada, certain European countries, the Middle East, Australia, New Zealand, and Southern Africa, as well as by the United Nations. When the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, adopted the terminology and conceptual framework of disablement developed by the World Health Organization, this paradigm shift let to an increase in the worldwide influence and use of the AMA Guides. In the United States, the AMA Guides is used primarily in state and federal workers’ compensation systems and sometimes in automobile casualty and personal injury arenas. Most workers’ compensation jurisdictions across Canada use the AMA Guides formally by statute or regulation, or they accept its use informally as a standard tool to rate impairment. In Australia, the AMA Guides is used in both federal and individual state or territory compensation schemes for personal injuries that arise from work, as well as motor vehicle accidents (a table presents uses of the AMA Guides in Australian jurisdictions). New Zealand uses the AMA Guides, Fourth Edition, and the ACC User Handbook to the AMA “Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment,” Fourth Edition. The AMA Guides is used in Hong Kong to evaluate all types of damages for personal injury claims and also is referenced in Southern Africa, Europe, and countries in the Middle East.
50
Vargas-Hernandez, José G., José Satsumi López-Morales, and Pablo Giovanni Palafox-Alcantar. "Analysis of an Acquisition in the Banking Sector: Banamex and Citigroup." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n11p39.
Full textAbstract:
The Mexican banking sector during 90´s it has had transitions from private to public and to private again, and it is one of the main sectors which have received Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), mainly from Spain. In this regard the main aim of this paper is to analyze the acquisition of Banamex by Citigroup. In order to reach this aim a case analysis method was carried out. The results suggests that Citigroup invested in Banamex for consolidate its presence in Latin America, the profits in Mexico, imitate the Spanish banks that some years ago have invested in Mexican banks, the banking sector in Mexico was deregulated as consequence of neoliberal policies and the potential market that represent Mexico, finally the acquisition of Banamex allowed competition in the banking sector and the entry of new competitors in the industry. t peculiar investment strategies have on the well-known relation between size and performance of SRI funds. major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>This paper analyzes the wealth distribution taking into account the reaction of the market to the alliance as an indicator of a successful strategy. It explores the case of the automobile industry, which is characterised by a high use of inter-firm cooperation, such as strategic alliances and mergers & acquisitions, to effectively compete in the global market and face the global crisis.