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1
De Lusignan Fan-Moniz, Alex. "Aromanian Cultural and Linguistic Shift to Greek." European Journal of Language and Culture Studies 1, no. 6 (December 27, 2022): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejlang.2022.1.6.54.
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Aromanian-armân, (Weigand, 1895) is an oral Eastern-Romance language spoken by the Aromanians (armâni, or armãneashti), an ethnic group historically known for transhumance, dispersed over a wide area of the Balkans in what is present-day Peninsular Greece, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Southern Romania, Serbia, and Albania. These people have been noted as Aromanians or Vlachs sometime since the eighth century AD. (Caranica, 1990). Their ethnicity (Eriksen, 2010) is controversial with Greeks believing them Latinised Greeks, Romanians considering them Romanian, others as Balkan natives from Wallachia (Ruzica, 2006). In Greek, the current word for Aromanian is in fact ‘Vlach’ believed to originate from the Latin terms Volcae, Volci (Volks, Wolks) referring to a Celtic tribe from Gaul that had learnt Latin and become Latinized. The Volks-Wolks were the closest neighbors to Germanic tribes in the area, which resulted in Germans referring to all Latin speakers as ‘Volks,’ the same way they did with their language. For clarification, in this study: Aromanian, Vlach (-) Aromanian and Vlach will all be used to refer to this ethnic group and language. The word Volci was adopted by Germanic speakers and took different forms over time: Walachen, Welchland, Wallis, Wallais, Wallons, Wales, Welschme etc. These terms are still visible in different European languages today and refer to ‘Latin speaker.’ The Slavic speakers borrowed the word from the Germans as: Olahy, Olahi, Valachi, Voloh, Vloh whereas the Byzantines borrowed it as ‘Vlachs’ (Tapanikos, 2020). Their isolated modus vivendi, between pastoral valleys and high mountains, confined them to hardship and socio-cultural periphery, and allowed relative immunity from major European conflicts and periods of unrest spanning short of a millennium. From 1975 when the modern Greek Republic is finally consolidated, the ideology of ‘one people, one language’ is an intrinsic part of Greek nationality and nationalism (Moschonas, 2004). Lacking written, standardized forms, Aromanian has been transmitted orally from generation to generation in the Epirus, Macedonia and Thessally regions of Greece. With profound socio-economic changes and rewards, Aromanians left their pastoral lifestyle in large numbers (Beis, 2000) attracted by prospects of a better future in Greek urban centers and Western European countries, USA, or Australia. In modern times, with Greek being the only language of instruction and communication in the wider society (Chomsky, 1971), the generational language-transfer cycle has been broken, and Aromanian is now endangered (Dinas et al., 2011). On the other hand, Aromanian folklore and traditional festivals are very much alive through associations like the Pan-Hellenic Federation of Cultural Associations of Vlachs, while many self-identified Aromanians do not speak a word of their ancestral language, by choice (Kahl, 2004). How did this (apparent) contradiction come to be? What drove Aromanians away from their language and led to the assimilation into Greek society, language, and culture so completely that it will lead to the death of Aromanian in Greece?
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Chivarzina, Alexandra. "Funeral and Memorial Tradition in Neighbour Slavic and Aroumanian Villages of Macedonia." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 18, no. 3-4 (2023): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2023.18.3-4.02.
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The Romanian population of the Balkans is distributed unevenly throughout the peninsula. In particular, in Macedonia, the Aromanians mainly live dispersedly within the Slavic settlements, however some city areas and even separate settlements might be considered Aromanian enclaves. In June 2022, a ten-day ethnolinguistic expedition took place in the city of Kruševo and in the villages nearby Bitola (North Macedonia). The purpose of this field survey was to study the Aromanians living close to the Macedonian population in this area. Despite the preservation of the historical memory and their own distinct identity from those around them, the native speakers of the Aromanian very infrequently use their own idiom. In everyday communication and even in the family, the Aromanians give preference to the commonly used Macedonian language. Constant intensive contacts of the Slavic and non-Slavic populations contributed to the linguistic and cultural interference in the traditions under discussion. This article aims to acquaint the reader with the folk tradition on the example of the commemorative practices common in the Balkan region under consideration. The funeral and memorial rite was chosen as the main topic, since it is in its structure that one can find the most archaic elements of traditional folk culture, reflecting ancient mythological ideas. There are also contemporary dialect texts in the Macedonian language, recorded from often bilingual native speakers. Detailed ethnolinguistic descriptions of the funeral and memorial rites give an idea of the archaic elements of the traditional folk culture, borrowed and developed in contacts. The fragments of the Eastern Romanian tradition are reflected in the rituals borrowed and adopted by the Slavs, and vice versa ― the terminological vocabulary was borrowed into Aromanian idiom.
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CLARK, ROLAND. "Claiming Ethnic Privilege: Aromanian Immigrants and Romanian Fascist Politics." Contemporary European History 24, no. 1 (January 19, 2015): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777314000411.
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AbstractLarge numbers of Aromanian immigrants in Southern Dobruja joined the fascist Legion of the Archangel Michael during the early 1930s. Deterritorialised by population transfers and state-building in Greek Macedonia, they reterritorialised themselves as ethnic Romanians ‘coming home’ to colonise Southern Dobruja. This article situates the Aromanian turn to fascist politics within the problems they faced during migration. It argues that Aromanians used fascism to assert their identities as Romanians and to claim ethnic privileges that had been denied them as immigrants.
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Chivarzina, Alexandra. "THE BALKAN SPECTRUM OF COLOR TERMS AMONG THE AROMANIANS (ETHNO-LINGUISTIC ASPECT)." Ezikov Svyat volume 21 issue 2, ezs.swu.v21i2 (May 26, 2023): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i2.8.
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In June 2022, an ethnolinguistic expedition to the regions of Bitola and Krushevo (North Macedonia) took place. The study of the archaic phenomena of the traditional folk culture of the Aromanians living in this area was the main goal of the field research. However, during the interview, an additional result was compiling a system of coloronyms in the Aromanian. The linguistic status of the Aromanian is still a debatable issue, however, it can be noted that the phonetic and lexical distinctive features of the idiom under consideration is quite large. And the system of color terms, to be discussed in this article, demonstrates precisely these features. The color terms of the Aromanian language have not previously been the issue of special study. Aromanian, once widespread and actively used by the educated population, has developed a rich system of color terms. However, with the loss of the metropolis, native speakers and prestige, the rich system is reduced to the basic coloronyms. The article considers on the basis of the author’s own field research, as well as the published dictionaries and works involving the Aromanian materials, to compile a description of the color terms in this Eastern Romanian idiom. The functioning of the corresponding color terms was illustrated with the ethno-linguistic contexts.
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Delcea, Sergiu. "When nationalism meets electoral schemes." Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science 21 (October 1, 2013): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22151/politikon.21.1.
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The resurgence of ethno-centered, exclusionary types of nationalisms in Eastern Europe after the fall of the communist regimes in 1989 represents a multi-layered phenomenon with complex ramifications. The aim of this paper is to delve into an extremely complicated case surrounding a very peculiar minority -the Aromanians living in Romania. This analysis aims to show that although Romania's approach to minority representation is a non-essentialist one on paper, the reserved seat system is sometimes still laced with nationalistic overtones. As a minority with a highly debated historical legacy, the Aromanians lack legal recognition and are subjected to an assimilation process that is not always as soft as it might seem. If Romania is to continue its already protracted democratic transition solving the puzzle surrounding the Aromanians seems to be a key stepping stone.
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Nowicka, Ewa. "Od ojczyzny prywatnej do więzi ideologicznej. Arumuni — naród, któremu nie jest potrzebne państwo." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 62, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2018.62.2.1.
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This article is devoted to the contemporary process of the ethnic mobilizing of stateless European peoples. The Aromanians, who live in all the countries of the Balkan peninsula but have never experienced lasting statehood, are an example. Currently, members of the young Aromanian intelligentsia are creating a transnational, supra-state community by evoking old symbols and new myths: the cult of symbolic places, historic events, figures, family micro-histories (genealogies), and a common language and values. Access to modern means of communication plays an important role in the process. In the author’s opinion, a modern transnational people is emerging from the politically unformed — but culturally specific — Romance-language community of the Balkans. The group could be considered a “recovered community,” which is based on an ideological construction utilizing carefully selected elements of common history and culture.
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Larionescu, Maria. "Interbellum „Transhumance” in the Balkans. Studies and Articles about Aromanians in the Publications of the Gusti School. Anthology by Zoltán Rostás și Martin Ladislau Salamon." Sociologie Romaneasca 18, no. 2 (November 11, 2020): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/sr.18.2.21.
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The volume includes an anthology of research from the publications of the Bucharest Sociological School regarding the history of interbellum colonization of Dobrudja, with a focus on Aromanians – resources otherwise difficult to find for contemporary readers. The texts provide a rich historical perspective, previously unpublished materials and suggestive details concerning the adventures of Aromanians caught in the rollercoaster of interbellum colonization of Dobrudja. The dataset generated through this volume is highly relevant for advances in sociological methodology, documenting the outlining, decades before its centrality in global literature, of a novel approach – the action research, a productive combination of demands for scientific neutrality and axiological involvement (Bradbury and Reason, 2003).
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Nowicka, Ewa. "Ethnic Identity of Aromanians/Vlachs in the 21st Century." Res Historica 41 (November 3, 2016): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/rh.2016.0.213.
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Nowicka, Ewa. "Ethnic Identity of Aromanians/Vlachs in the 21st Century." Res Historica, no. 41 (September 29, 2016): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/rh.2016.41.213.
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 150%;" align="JUSTIFY">Artykuł jest poświęcony współczesnym zjawiskom w ramach społeczności Arumunów/Wlachów, rozproszonej na całych Bałkanach transnacjonalnej zbiorowości. Przedstawiam zróżnicowane formy współczesnej arumuńskiej tożsamości etnicznej/narodowej. Rozważam dyskusje wokół pożądanych kierunków rozwoju społeczności, jej strategii kulturowych i politycznych. Podstawowym kryterium afiliacji etnicznej/narodowej wśród Arumunów jest obecnie pochodzenie, rodzinna genealogia, posiadanie przodków Arumunów. Intelektualiści arumuńscy koncentrują uwagę zarówno na konieczności zachowania określonych cech kulturowych (języka, obyczajowości), jak i na pamięci przodków. Artykuł powstał na podstawie materiału empirycznego zebranego w trakcie antropologicznych badań terenowychz kilku sezonów letnich w latach 2007–2014. Przeprowadziłam obserwację oraz wywiady z lokalnymi intelektualistami, nauczycielami, artystami, działaczami kultury oraz przywódcami lokalnych i regionalnych organizacji.</p>
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CAMARĂ, IOSIF. "ORIGINEA CELUI MAI VECHI TEXT ROMÂNESC." Receptarea Sfintei Scripturi: între filologie, hermeneutică şi traductologie 12 (2024): 111–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/rss.2023.12-9.
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The oldest preserved Romanian text is the Hurmuzaki Psalter (ca. 1491- 1504), a unilingual version extracted from a bilingual Psalter. The present research attempts to shed light on the issue of the origin and the context in which the Psalter was translated and disseminated at the beginning of Romanian vernacular writing. The main source of the translation and the model for the composition of the bilingual Psalter was a Church Slavonic commentated Psalter. Several data suggest that the Psalter was not translated in Romanian countries: the sources used for the translation are recorded predominantly in medieval Serbia and Mount Athos; some peculiarities of spelling, punctuation, and translation show that the text was composed or transmitted in a Greek environment; some linguistic peculiarities indicate that among the translators and copyists, there were undoubtedly Aromanians (Vlachs). As for the oldest copy, the Hurmuzaki Psalter, it was written on Mount Athos itself, most likely at the Zograf Monastery. All these data suggest that the translation may have been done in one of the monasteries of Mount Athos. The Psalter was translated into Romanian by decision of the Church, which wanted to create an auxiliary for the understanding of Slavonic liturgy by novices. This happened in the context of the flourishing of monasticism, when novices who did not speak Church Slavonic were arriving in the monastery. Among these novices were Aromanians, as the linguistic features of the manuscripts show, who came from a Greekspeaking area and therefore needed a tool for understanding the official language of the Church.
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Aleksandra, Chivarzina. "Review of the Materials from the Expedition to the Aromanians of North Macedonia." Slavianovedenie, no. 1 (2023): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869544x0024722-7.
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The review highlights the general results of the field ethnolinguistic expedition in the city of Krushevo and in the villages of the Bitola district (North Macedonia) in 2022. The purpose of the expedition was a survey of the Aromanians living close to the Slavic Macedonian population in this area. The constant intensive contacts and interaction of the Slavic and the non-Slavic population contributed to linguistic and cultural interference and borrowing in the traditions under consideration. The field research was directed to the collection of the material on funeral and memorial rituals, mythological ideas and terminology serving this «mortal» sphere. In the course of the survey, a wide vocabulary layer of borrowings was revealed both in the language and folk culture.
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Bobic, Mirjana. "Transition to parenthood: New insights into socio-psychological costs of childbearing." Stanovnistvo 56, no. 1 (2018): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv180403003b.
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Multiculturalism policy in Serbia is an example of compromises made by monoculturalists between the issues surpassing the conservative paradigm of tolerance for ethnic and cultural differences and the normative protection of their identities. An unsystematised approach to shaping multiculturalism policy led to disregard or misinterpretation of demographic factors. Through the examples of how the rights to ethnic and cultural identities are obstructed for the Bosniak population in Priboj and Aromanians in Serbia, and the analysis of problems stemming from the centralist organisation of minority selfgovernments, the paper points to the weaknesses of the current multiculturalism policy and the need for introducing demographic criteria for it to be brought into line with the nature of multiethnicity in the country. The paper points to the issues and difficulties arising from this for the Roma national minority in the realisation of their rights. Despite of being a large national minority, its members are not able to enjoy full cultural autonomy because the realisation of rights is not in line with the demographic characteristics of the Roma. A reform of the multiculturalism policy would remove the existing obstacles and enable effective protection of ethnic, cultural and linguistic identities of minorities. Multiculturalism policy in Serbia is an example of compromises made by monoculturalists between the issues surpassing the conservative paradigm of tolerance for ethnic and cultural differences and the normative protection of their identities. An unsystematised approach to shaping multiculturalism policy led to disregard or misinterpretation of demographic factors. Through the examples of how the rights to ethnic and cultural identities are obstructed for the Bosniak population in Priboj and Aromanians in Serbia, and the analysis of problems stemming from the centralist organisation of minority selfgovernments, the paper points to the weaknesses of the current multiculturalism policy and the need for introducing demographic criteria for it to be brought into line with the nature of multiethnicity in the country. The paper points to the issues and difficulties arising from this for the Roma national minority in the realisation of their rights. Despite of being a large national minority, its members are not able to enjoy full cultural autonomy because the realisation of rights is not in line with the demographic characteristics of the Roma. A reform of the multiculturalism policy would remove the existing obstacles and enable effective protection of ethnic, cultural and linguistic identities of minorities. Multiculturalism policy in Serbia is an example of compromises made by monoculturalists between the issues surpassing the conservative paradigm of tolerance for ethnic and cultural differences and the normative protection of their identities. An unsystematised approach to shaping multiculturalism policy led to disregard or misinterpretation of demographic factors. Through the examples of how the rights to ethnic and cultural identities are obstructed for the Bosniak population in Priboj and Aromanians in Serbia, and the analysis of problems stemming from the centralist organisation of minority selfgovernments, the paper points to the weaknesses of the current multiculturalism policy and the need for introducing demographic criteria for it to be brought into line with the nature of multiethnicity in the country. The paper points to the issues and difficulties arising from this for the Roma national minority in the realisation of their rights. Despite of being a large national minority, its members are not able to enjoy full cultural autonomy because the realisation of rights is not in line with the demographic characteristics of the Roma. A reform of the multiculturalism policy would remove the existing obstacles and enable effective protection of ethnic, cultural and linguistic identities of minorities. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. III 47010: Social transformations in the process of European integration - a multidisciplinary approach]
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Pieroni, Andrea, Alban Ibraliu, Arshad Mehmood Abbasi, and Vilma Papajani-Toska. "An ethnobotanical study among Albanians and Aromanians living in the Rraicë and Mokra areas of Eastern Albania." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 62, no. 4 (September 18, 2014): 477–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-014-0174-6.
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Basic, Goran, and Ksenija Markovic. "Social status of the Roma in Serbia: Demographic aspects in public multiculturalism policies." Stanovnistvo 56, no. 1 (2018): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv180415002b.
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Multiculturalism policy in Serbia is an example of compromises made by monoculturalists between the issues surpassing the conservative paradigm of tolerance for ethnic and cultural differences and the normative protection of their identities. An unsystematised approach to shaping multiculturalism policy led to disregard or misinterpretation of demographic factors. Through the examples of how the rights to ethnic and cultural identities are obstructed for the Bosniak population in Priboj and Aromanians in Serbia, and the analysis of problems stemming from the centralist organisation of minority self-governments, the paper points to the weaknesses of the current multiculturalism policy and the need for introducing demographic criteria for it to be brought into line with the nature of multiethnicity in the country. The paper points to the issues and difficulties arising from this for the Roma national minority in the realisation of their rights. Despite of being a large national minority, its members are not able to enjoy full cultural autonomy because the realisation of rights is not in line with the demographic characteristics of the Roma. A reform of the multiculturalism policy would remove the existing obstacles and enable effective protection of ethnic, cultural and linguistic identities of minorities.
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NICULAE, Daniel Silviu. "Romanians and Bulgarians at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Political assassinations, border incidents and the attempted anarchist/terrorist plot against King Carol I (1900-1901)." BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 13, no. 2 (July 8, 2024): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-24-26.
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At the beginning of 1900, Romanian-Bulgarian relations were very tense, being fuelled by both the incidents at the Southern border and the attacks that took place on the Romanian territory, thus, on the agenda of the Romanian politicians, the problem of the Aromanians from the Balkan Peninsula and Macedonia, the province coveted by Bulgarians, Greeks and Serbs, where comitagii gangs, the antarti and the cetnic fought both for the liberation of the countrymen from Ottoman rule and with the Turkish troops. In this context, assassination came to be used as a weapon against opponents, being present in Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece.At the end of the 19th century, Romanian society was suddenly awakened to reality, facing the consequences of the barbaric manner in which one of these revolutionary secret committees acted, whose anarchist subcommittee was established in Bucharest – nowadays we frequently use the phrase terrorist cell for something similar. Thus, it received the mission to commit several bombings on the Romanian territory, as well as the assassination of King Carol I and Romanian dignitaries, while, at the Southern border, the Romanian border guards reported daily incidents at the common border whose purpose was to destabilize and maintain a tense state on the conventional demarcation line between Romania and Bulgaria.
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Kwoka, Tomasz. "Etnotopografia Nowego Sadu – o dziedzictwie narodów osiedlających się w Nowym Sadzie." Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia 24 (February 20, 2018): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bp.2017.24.8.
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The article is an attempt to catalogue the most interesting traces of the presence of nations which were part of the Novi Sad community throughout the ages. From the very beginning of its existence, Novi Sad was a meeting place for different ethnic and cultural groups settling down in the city. Serbs from the surrounding countryside moved to the oldest districts of Novi Sad, Podbara, Salajka, and Rotkvarija, at the beginning of the 18th century. At the same period nations from different parts of the Habsburg Empire, such as Germans, Hungarians, Slovaks and Ruthenians brought by Habsburgs to colonize Vojvodina, moved to the city. It was the time of continuous development of Novi Sad, which became an important trading and manufacturing centre, where businesses were also run by the Jews, Armenians, Aromanians (Tzintzars), and the Greeks. The turn of the 19th and 20th centuries was marked by the strengthening of presence of the Hungarian community, which ended with the First World War. After the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918), the ethnic structure changed seriously with the influx of Serbs from the southern regions of the country. This trend was followed after the Second World War and most recently during the period of the so-called Yugoslav wars at the Nineties. In the meantime, under dramatic circumstances of the second World War, German and Jewish inhabitants vanished from the city.
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Valentsova, Marina M. "Once again about archaic in the Gó ral traditional culture." Slavic Almanac, no. 3-4 (2020): 245–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2020.3-4.3.02.
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Gó rals are a separate ethnocultural group living in the mountainous regions of the Carpathians on the borderlands of Poland and Slovakia (Silesia, Orava, Podhale, Spiš, etc.). In the ethnogenesis of this group, not only Slavic tribes and peoples took part, but also Hungarians, Ger-mans, Aromanians, Turks, etc., which enriched the Gó ral traditional culture with other ethnic elements. Both Slavic and non-Slavic elements of spiritual culture retain their antiquity, that is, the archaic features of the traditional culture of the Gó rals include the cultural archaisms of the peoples inhabiting this region. In various spheres of the spiritual cul-ture of this mountainous region, many archaic elements of the common Slavic era have been preserved, which are also known in diff erent parts of the Slavic world. In funeral rituals, these are, for example, relics of “white mourning”, the custom of lightly hitting the coffi n on the thresh-old when taking it out of the house, a wedding-funeral, prohibitions on a number of works on memorial days so as not to “clog the eyes” of the souls of the dead, etc. In the fi eld of traditional medicine, such common Slavic practices are methods of treating the evil eye and sorcery (extin-guishing coals), the magic of ensuring the life and health of a newborn (passing a baptized child through a window, treating “sukhotka” (con-sumption) by dragging through a kalatch), methods of treating fever (leaving things on the road), the belief that moonlight can cause illness in a child, etc. In folklore, such archaic (at least Balto-Slavic) motives are the transfer of objects from one mountain to another by giants and the motive of the troops sleeping in a mountain. This motive is Celtic in origin (at least in Europe), however, it has deep Indo-European origins.
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Nevaci, Manuela. "Concordances romanes et convergences balcano-romanes dans les dialects roumains sud-danubiens. Aspects phonétiques, morphologiques et syntaxiques." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 65, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2020.4.19.
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"Romance Concordances and Balcano-Romance Convergences in the South-Danubian Romanian Dialects. Phonetic, Morphological, and Syntactic Aspects. This paper proposes to emphasise the linguistic similarities of South-Danubian Romanian dialects (Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, Istro-Romanian) spoken in Albania, Croatia, R. of North Macedonia, Greece and Romania from the perspective of Romance and Balkan elements. We will take into consideration lexical aspects, from the point of view of linguistic contact with Balkan languages, as well as Romance elements that define these historical dialects of common Romanian. Our exposition is based on the broader theme of the relationship between genealogic (Romance features inherited from Latin, speaking of concordances in the Romance languages) and areal (convergences between the Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian dialects of the Romanian language and the languages spoken in the Balkan area). Through the presence of the Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian dialects of Romanian in the Balkans, creating a bridge between Romània and Balkan, a convergence was attained on the one hand with the Romance languages, and, on the other, with Greek, Albanian North Macedonian as Balkan languages. Keywords: South Danubian Romanian dialects, Aromanian dialect, Megleno-Romanian dialect, Istro-Romanian dialect, morphological and syntax dialectal system."
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Prentza, Alexandra, and Maria Kaltsa. "Linguistic Profiling of Heritage Speakers of an Endangered Language: The Case of Vlach Aromanian–Greek Bilinguals." Open Linguistics 6, no. 1 (November 28, 2020): 626–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0034.
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AbstractThis is the first attempt to profile the heritage speakers of an endangered spoken-only variety of Vlach Aromanian in Greece. Neither the variety nor its speakers has been investigated before; hence, the study also aims at evaluating the exact state of endangerment of the Sirrako variety, as this is revealed by the language practices and skills of its bilingual speakers. To this aim, a background questionnaire was developed and administered to 60 bilingual speakers of Vlach Aromanian and Greek including questions on the age of onset of exposure to both languages, early home language practices, current language practices (orality and literacy) and attitudes toward the heritage and majority language. Significant variation in language practices, literacy skills, oral input and current competence across three generations of speakers was identified with a substantial decline in heritage language competence in younger bilinguals, verifying our claim of the endangered state of Vlach Aromanian.
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Markovik', Marjan. "The Aromanian Farsheroti Dialect – Balkan Perspective." Colloquia Humanistica, no. 2 (June 13, 2015): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/ch.2013.010.
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The Aromanian Farsheroti Dialect – Balkan PerspectiveThe focus of our interest is the analysis of the Aromanian Farsheroti speech from the Ohrid-Struga region, which has never been a subject of a separate linguistic analysis. This speech is described in comparison to the Macedonian Ohrid-Struga dialects and special emphasis is given to their mutual interferences within the Balkan context. Using such approach, the parallel structures and the differences between these speeches are more clearly pointed out thus presenting a wider picture of the processes typical of the Balkan linguistic community. The efforts for drawing closer to a joint model that enables easier and straightforward communication were the most powerful with the linguistic features and categories that were in a way the most distinct and completely different. Both Aromanian Farsheroti and Macedonian Ohrid speeches adjusted to each other by using all available linguistic means not only from their own languages. For instance, the Aromanian Farsheroti speech has eliminated the case inflections for genitive / dative thus approaching closer to the analytical declination which is the case with the Macedonian language. Even for the complex past tenses from a present point of view can be argued that they outline an almost joint Albanian-Aromanian-Macedonian model. The Aromanian Farsheroti dialect, using its own and the borrowed Albanian linguistic characteristics, has created such model, whereas the Macedonian Ohrid speech, on the other hand, by adopting the constructions with imam (have) and sum (be), has filled the blanks in its own verbal tense system. The constructions showing admirative are another typical feature that the Aromanian has borrowed from the Albanian and has incorporated into the Macedonian system. All these instances show that the mutual interference was very strong and emerged deeply in the structure of the two systems. This is another proof of the great need for mutual conception of the world which is a result of the need for easier mutual communication. Dialekt Arumunów Farszerotów – Perspektywa bałkańska Przedmiotem niniejszej analizy jest dialekt Arumunów Farszerotów z rejonu Ochrydy i Strugi (Republika Macedonia), który dotychczas nie był przedmiotem oddzielnej analizy lingwistycznej. Dialekt Farszerotów opisywany jest w konfrontacji z macedońskimi dialektami ochrydzko-strużkimi, przy czym szczególną uwagę zwraca się na wzajemne interferencje na tle bałkańskim. W ten sposób wyraźniej widoczne stają się podobieństwa i różnice pomiędzy tymi dwoma dialektami dzięki czemu zyskujemy szerszy obraz procesów typowych dla bałkańskiej ligi językowej. Najsilniejsze tendencje zmierzające do stworzenia wspólnego modelu umożliwiającego łatwiejszą i stałą komunikację odnotowano w obrębie tych cech i kategorii językowych, które były najbardziej oddalone od siebie albo całkowicie różne. I arumuński, i ochrydzki macedoński upodobniały się do siebie, wykorzystując wszystkie środki językowe nie tylko z zaplecza jakim był własny język. I tak np. ochrydzki arumuński wyeliminował końcówki genetivu i dativu i w ten sposób bardzo zbliżył się do analitycznej deklinacji typowej dla języka macedońskiego. Podobnie możemy mówić o wspólnym albańsko-arumuńsko-macedońskim modelu w odniesieniu do czasów przeszłych złożonych. Arumuński dialekt Farszerotów stworzył taki model, wykorzystując własne i zapożyczone z albańskiego środki językowe. Z drugiej zaś strony ochrydzki macedoński, przejmując konstrukcje z imam i sum, wypełnił brakujące miejsca we własnym systemie czasów. Jako typowy przykład można podać konstrukcje admiratywne, które arumuński przejął od albańskiego, a jednocześnie za jego pośrednictwem konstrukcje te zostały wprowadzone do systemu języka macedońskiego. Wszystko to uświadamia nam, że interferencja w ramach mikrosystemów była bardzo silna i głęboko weszła w ich strukturę. W ten sposób ujawnia się doniosłość jednakowego rozumienia świata, wynikające z potrzeby łatwiejszej komunikacji wzajemnej.
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Tomic, Olga Miseska. "Specificities in Object Clitic Doubling in Balkan Romance and Balkan Slavic." Revue roumaine de linguistique 2023, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2023): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/rrl.2023.1-2.08.
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The present paper examines the specificities in object clitic doubling in two Balkan Romance languages, Romanian and Aromanian, and two Balkan Slavic languages, Macedonian and Bulgarian. Having illustrated, the conditions on clitic doubling in Romanian, Aromanian, Macedonian and Bulgarian, we analyse and compare these conditions. It is pointed out that the conditions on clitic doubling in Aromanian and Macedonian are almost analogous – definiteness plays a central role in clitic doubling of the direct objects of the two languages, whereas the clitic doubling of indirect objects mainly depends on specificity. The conditions on clitic doubling in Romanian and Bulgarian differ substantially from the conditions on clitic doubling in the Balkan languages with which they are in close genetic relationships. In both Romanian and Bulgarian, clitic doubling depends on discourse factors, but the types and usage of these factors are idiosyncratic. In Bulgarian, all topicalized definite objects are clitic-doubled, while the indefinite topicalized objects are clitic-doubled only under specific conditions. In Romanian, the cliticization of both direct and indirect objects is typically triggered by topicality and specificity, while direct object clitic doubling is, in addition, triggered by humanness. We argue that object clitic doubling results from a centuries-long socio-linguistic contact in an environment in which direct inter-translatability is needed. Clitic doubling in Macedonian and Aromanian occurs under almost identical conditions, because the two languages have for a long time been in such an environment. When the object clitic doubling phenomenon spreads in areas where no direct inter-translatability is required, distinct phenomena appear.
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Klimkowski, Tomasz. "Religious vocabulary in Aromanian compared to Romanian." Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia 22, no. 1 (November 19, 2015): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bp.2015.22.12.
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Oczko, Anna. "Aromanian – Language or Dialect? Overview of Historical and Contemporary Opinions." Romanica Cracoviensia 21, no. 2 (2021): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843917rc.21.011.14066.
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This article aims at presenting two concepts from the modern typology of the Romance languages, with a special focus on the Aromanian ethnolect. The first concept, which is widely accepted in the Romanian linguistics and was most prevalent before the Second World War, does not recognise Aromanian as a separate language, but treats it as one of four dialects of the Romanian language. The second movement, much closer to modern Romanist research at the international level, opts for a full autonomy of all Balkan Romance ethnolects and attributes to them statuses of national languages. It also negates the existence of a common Romanian language in the first millennium, arguing that the Balkan Romance languages developed independently from a late form of Balkan Latin around the 11th century.
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Manzini, Maria Rita, and Leonardo Maria Savoia. "Finite and non-finite complementation, particles and control in Aromanian, compared to other Romance varieties and Albanian." Linguistic Variation 18, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 215–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.16003.man.
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Abstract Our Aromanian data come from Diviakë, Libofshë and Fier, three locations close to one another in southern Albania, and from Këllez, also in southern Albania. We argue that the impossibility of embedding sentences directly under V-v (Agree Resistance Theorem) leads to the overall shape of complementation in Romance. Section 2, on finite complementizers, shows that Aromanian supports analyses of complementizers as wh- pronouns independently developed for other Romance languages. Section 3 elaborates a proposal originally put forth for Albanian, where the subjunctive particle is identical to the Linker – namely that the main role of subjunctive particles is introducing a variable EPP argument, subject to control. Section 4 argues that Prepositional introducers of non-finite sentences amount to an obliquization strategy to circumvent Agree Resistance – as does the nominalization (relativization) strategy of Section 2 (and the predication strategy in Section 3).
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Friedman, Victor. "On the origin of final -e in the plural of the verbal l-form in Macedonian: Possible contact influences." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 64 (2008): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0864531f.
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In addition to previous interpretations of the origin of final -e in the plural of the verbal l-form in Macedonian, the paper offers arguments for explaining the generalization of this marker of plurality as a result of Aromanian influence in the contact between the two languages.
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Bakalis, Evangelos, and Alexandra Galani. "Modeling language evolution: Aromanian, an endangered language in Greece." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 391, no. 20 (October 2012): 4963–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2012.05.033.
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Creţulescu, Vladimir. "The Aromanian-Romanian national movement (1859-1905): an analytical model." Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia 22, no. 1 (November 19, 2015): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bp.2015.22.8.
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Savoia, Leonardo Maria, and Benedetta Baldi. "Explorations in Aromanian Morpho-Syntax: NPs, Prepositional Contexts and Infinitives." Languages 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2024): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9020046.
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The main topic of this article is the relationship between morphosyntactic contexts and nominal inflections in Aromanian varieties of southern Albania. These varieties have a specialized inflection in the plural definite and feminine singular nouns, associated with genitive, dative, and prepositional contexts, where it is preceded by a Possessive Introducer. We present a detailed picture of the microvariation that characterizes the different systems. The broad syncretism that emerges suggests a rethinking of the syntactic status of inflections and the notion of Case. Our approach assumes that morphology is based on Merge within the syntactic computation and that sub-word elements are provided with interpretable content. This theoretical model will also guide us in the study of prepositions and their distribution.
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Kharlamova, Anastasia. "Phonetics of the Aromanian dialect in Selenica (Albania): some preliminary observations." Indo-European Linguistics and Classical Philology XXIII (June 2019): 1076–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30842/ielcp230690152380.
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Friedman, Victor A., and Brian D. Joseph. "Eastern and Western Romance in the Balkans – the Contrasting but Revealing Positions of the Danubian Romance Languages and Judezmo." Journal of Language Contact 14, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-14010005.
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Abstract The fate of two languages in the Balkans under conditions of language contact is discussed here. These languages, representing different branches of the Romance family, are the Ibero-Romance language Judezmo from the eastern branch and the South Danubian language Aromanian from the western branch. Both have been subject to intense contact with other languages in the Balkans but they show differential outcomes of this contact and thus differential degrees of involvement in the Balkan sprachbund. We document the similarities and differences in these outcomes, offer an explanation of their causes, and discuss the consequences they have for understanding the Balkan sprachbund.
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PETRESCU, ȘTEFAN. "From Bucharest to Athens: Reflecting on the Balkan Cooperation in the Greek-language Newspapers." Revue des Études Sud-Est Européennes 2023, no. 61 (November 1, 2023): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/resee.2023.06.
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This article focuses on the Greek-language newspapers editing between the 1840s-1913s. The Greek journalists were concerned within the external affairs of Romania in relation to the nationalisms in the Balkans. In this context the Aromanian issue had been a topic of permanent interest for the newspapers in Romania. The Greeks sought, on the one hand, to defend their economic interests at the mouth of the Danube by improving their legal situation in Romania, and on the other hand, to maintain and strengthen cultural ties with the Greek-speaking world, not just from the Kingdom of Greece.
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Vojnovic, Zarko. "Greek books of the Dimitrije Davidovic’s printing house in Vienna." Prilozi za knjizevnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor, no. 87 (2021): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pkjif2187033v.
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Dimitrije Davidovic's printing house did not fulfill the expectations of Serbs, nor his personal ones, during its three years of work in Vienna. Because he did not get the general printing right, he got into big financial trouble. Using his acquaintance with the rich Greek-Aromanian family Darvar, he tried to overcome these problems by printing books in Greek. Taking into account the fact that this is still unknown in Serbian science, we present the available data on it, considering it important for the Serbian national bibliography, and in this way specific international cultural relations are additionally presented. At the end of the paper, a list of all Greek books that Davidovic printed is given.
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Suci Nurrohimmah, Meyta, Eka Ludiya, and Elis Dwiana Ratnamurni. "Analysis Of Perfume Seed Inventory Control At PT. Perintis Kiprah Sampono (Case Study Of Aromania Perfumery Karawang)." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 4, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v4i1.711.
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This study aims to analyze the inventory control of perfume seeds at PT. Pioneer Gait Sampono (case study of aromania perfumery Karawang). The aim is to find out how far the inventory control of aromania perfume seeds has been running effectively and efficiently. The method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach, using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques by conducting observations, interviews and documentation, to test the validity and reliability by using a triangulation process including source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation. The results of this study indicate that there are constraints on the supply of perfume seeds, where consumer demand is not fulfilled due to empty supplies resulting in lost sales or disruption of the sales process at the company, but with the always better control analysis method used, it can control every good inventory starting from the process. ordering, receiving goods, checking goods, storing goods, the process of releasing goods, the lead time of goods arriving to the safety stock.
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Crețulescu. "Aromanian Ethnicity in the Accounts of British Travelers through the Balkans (approx. 1800–1860)." Hiperboreea 8, no. 1 (2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.8.1.0038.
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Sorescu-Marinkovic, Annemarie, Mirjana Miric, and Svetlana Cirkovic. "Assessing linguistic vulnerability and endangerment in Serbia a critical survey of methodologies and outcomes." Balcanica, no. 51 (2020): 65–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc2051065s.
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The paper offers a critical survey of vulnerable and endangered languages and linguistic varieties in Serbia presented in three international inventories: UNESCO?s Atlas of the World?s Languages in Danger, Ethnologue and The Catalogue of Endangered Languages. As the inventories differ widely in terms of assessing the exact level of language endangerment and vulnerability, and lack to provide empirical support for their assessment, the paper provides thorough information from official local sources, relevant studies and the authors? own field research, when available, on the language categorized as endangered (Aromanian, Banat Bulgarian, Judezmo, Vojvodina Rusyn, Romani), but also presents additional linguistic varieties which have not been registered yet by any of the mentioned inventories (Megleno-Romanian, Bayash Romanian and Vlach Romanian).
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Isac, Daniela. "Daco-Romanian Definite DPs at the Syntax-Phonology Interface." Languages 9, no. 3 (February 20, 2024): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9030067.
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In this paper I propose that the host of the definite suffix in Daco-Romanian languages like Modern Romanian, Old Romanian, Megleno-Romanian, Istro-Romanian, and Aromanian (DacRom) is determined at PF, as a consequence of the conditions that apply to the Spell-Out of chains. The relevant chains are the result of an Agree relation obtained between the [def] feature of the D head and a matching feature of other heads within the DP, such as N and A. I propose that Agree chains are subject to restrictions that are similar to those affecting movement chains, so no new mechanisms need to be posited in order to account for the overt realization of the suffixal definite article in DacRom.
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Ineoan, Emanuil. "An Unpublished Demographic Survey Regarding the Aromanian Communities in Greece during the Second World War." Transylvanian Review 30, no. 3 (November 25, 2021): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33993/tr.2021.3.04.
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Kocój, Ewa. "Artifacts of the Past as Traces of Memory. The Aromanian Cultural Heritage in the Balkans." Res Historica 41 (November 3, 2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/rh.2016.0.159.
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Kocój, Ewa. "Artifacts of the Past as Traces of Memory. The Aromanian Cultural Heritage in the Balkans." Res Historica, no. 41 (September 29, 2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/rh.2016.41.159.
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<p style="text-indent: 1.25cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 150%;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="pl-PL">Celem tego artykułu jest odpowiedź na kilka pytań: (1) jakie ślady materialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego Aromanów (Wlachów) odnajdujemy na terenach dzisiejszej Albanii, Grecji i Republiki Macedonii; (2) co mówią one o </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="pl-PL">społeczności lokalnej, jej historii i znaczeniu w kulturze europejskiej; (3) czy istnieje współcześnie aromańska pamięć zbiorowa dotycząca miejsc, w których zachowały się ślady tego dziedzictwa? W tekście dokonano opisu regionów, które zamieszkiwali Aromanie, zaprezentowano wstępne kryteria podziału ich dziedzictwa kulturowego na grupy, przypisując im wybrane przykłady zabytków, a także wskazano, jakie wybrane znaczenia i sensy związane z kulturą aromańską odkrywamy, traktując owe zabytki jako tekst kultury. </span></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 1.25cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 150%;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="pl-PL">W artykule wykorzystano jakościowe metody badań terenowych, w tym wywiady i obserwacje związane ze śladami tego dziedzictwa w wybranych miejscowościach Grecji, Albanii i Republiki Macedonii, wraz z wykonaniem dokumentacji fotograficznej. Badaniu poddano także źródła zastane (historyczne i etnograficzne) oraz zasoby dostępne w Internecie – przeanalizowano narracje dotyczące odpowiednich zabytków w źródłach etnograficznych (dawnych i współczesnych wspomnieniach Aromanów) znajdujące się w nowych mediach, w tym na blogach i portalach internetowych. W analizie posłużono się paradygmatem historyczno-porównawczym i interpretatywnym, co pozwalało na badanie ukrytych znaczeń i kodów kulturowych związanych z dziedzictwem aromańskim.</span></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 1.25cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 150%;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="pl-PL">Badania pokazały, że na terenie Bałkanów zachowały się liczne artefakty dziedzictwa kulturowego Aromanów, z którymi związane są rozmaite sensy i znaczenia (m.in. organizacja przestrzeni, przestrzenie realne i mityczne, wielokulturowość i konflikt). </span></span></span></p><span lang="pl-PL"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="pl-PL"><br /></span></span></span>
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Tsimpli, Ianthi Maria, Alexandra Prentza, and Maria Kaltsa. "Bidirectional Language Contact Effects at the DP Domain: The Case of Greek and Vlach Aromanian Speakers." Languages 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7020150.
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We investigate the effects of the historical language contact of Modern Greek (MG) with Vlach Aromanian (VA) in bilingual speakers of three generations living in Epirus, Greece. We focus on a VA variety spoken in a specific language community, with our study constituting one of the early attempts in this field of research. (1) Background: Given that bilingualism is a dynamic process in which language domains are not uniformly affected by external (i.e., sociolinguistic) factors, the investigation of bidirectional crosslinguistic influence can shed light on the resilience of morphosyntactic and semantic feature changes. MG differs from VA in a number of morphosyntactic properties at the DP domain, namely definiteness marking, positioning the adjective and gender marking. (2) Methods: To examine the language contact effects in VA–MG bilinguals, we elicited spontaneous language production in VA and MG from speakers across three generations with different levels of proficiency in each language. (3) Results: The data analysis showed evidence of bidirectional crosslinguistic influence since (a) MG seems to affect VA in definiteness marking and adjective positioning in younger bilingual groups and (b) VA influences MG in gender marking in older bilinguals. (4) Conclusions: The present study presents original language data from VA–MG bilinguals and provides evidence of bidirectional language contact effects.
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Plesca, Ecaterina. "Substrate Words Examined from the Perspective of Linguistic Geography (III)." Philologia, no. 2(320) (August 2023): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/1857-4300.2023.2(320).05.
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In this article we have proposed to present results of the research of the layer of autochthonous words from the Romanian language, namely the letter C (căciulă – ciucă). It is about research from the perspective of the linguistic geography of the substrate words căciulă, călbează/gălbează, căpuşă, cătun, ceafă, cioară, cioc, ciucă in the Romanian language spoken east of the Prut, according to the data provided by linguistic atlases (ALM, ALRR. Bas., ADCC/ОКДА), dialect texts, the dialectological archive/Dialectal dictionary, etc., elaborated by researchers from Chisinau. The identification of native words from the Romanian-speaking area in the east of the Prut with those from the vocabulary of the Daco-Romanian dialects on the right of the Prut, but also with those from the southern dialects – Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, IstroRomanian – allow us to note some similarities regarding their character as preservers of old elements in the lexical field.
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Bužarovska, Eleni. "The Contact Hypothesis Revised: DOM in the South Slavic Periphery." Journal of Language Contact 13, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 57–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-bja10003.
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The aim of this paper is to provide an explanation of the emergence of dom in peripheral Macedonian dialects through a reevaluation of the contact hypothesis. The southern and south-western dialects in the contact zones with Greek and Aromanian use a dative-based pattern to mark specific, predominantly human and animate referents. However, the contact hypothesis cannot fully explain the origin of dom in the southernmost dialects because it overlooks the wider interlingual context within which this change occurred. Relying on the analysis of the examples from the oldest sources with dom, the author argues in favor of a multifactorial explanation of its origin: contact obscured the case marking functions of clitics and provided an analytic direct object pattern. The introduction of na-marking on direct objects satisfied both the semantic and pragmatic requirements of a successful message by discriminating between the syntactic functions and discourse prominence of the object participant.
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Alboiu, Gabriela, and Virginia Hill. "Subjunctives in Romanian Languages: Micro-Parametric Variation in Complement CPs and the Periphrastic Future." Languages 8, no. 4 (November 14, 2023): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8040267.
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This paper aims to (i) establish the micro-parametric variation in the development of the subjunctive CP in Romanian languages (Daco-Romanian/DR; Aromanian/AR; Megleno-Romanian/MR; Istro-Romanian/IR) and (ii) account for derivations in which the subjunctive is integrated into the formation of the periphrastic future in these languages. Briefly, the analysis points out that the subjunctive CP in Romanian languages can display a split Fin (unlike in other Balkan languages) and that the remerging of the split Fin finds itself at different stages: complete in DR, but incomplete at different degrees in AR, MR, and IR. The compatibility of the subjunctive morphology with the derivation of the periphrastic future follows from the semantic bleaching and grammaticization of the volitional ‘will’ and ‘have’ verbs, together with the Balkan Sprachbund subjunctive mood marking, which combine in a monoclausal construction via a serial verb derivation to compositionally check a Fin marked [+finite, modal].
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Papari, Adrian C., Georgeta C. Cozaru, and Cristiana S. Glavce. "A comparative study of anxiety and depressive symptoms and perceived stress, between Aromanian and Romanian populations in Dobrogea." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 33 (2012): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.104.
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Poshka, Agim. "UNESCO’s Atlas on Endangered Languages and the Local Context." SEEU Review 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2021-0021.
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Abstract This article analyses the overall development of the endangered language around the world in reference to UNESCO’s Atlas of World Endangered Languages and reflects on the local context. The focus to local context refers to the current territory of North Macedonia in which it is believed there are 7 endangered languages such as: Adyge, Aromanian, Gagauz (South Balkans), Megleno-Romanian, Judezmo, Romani and Torlak. These languages are classified as endangered but are still spoken in the country. The article also reflects on the status of the Albanian language in North Macedonia by drawing comparisons with two other language varieties such as Arberesh which spoken in Southern Italy and Arvanitika spoken in Greece. The challenges that these minority languages have faced in particular countries should serve as a guide in designing effective language policies in North Macedonia in order for the language not be endangered. In the last section the article report on the phenomena of Globalization in which English has become the global language and at the same time has accelerated the loss of many native languages around the globe.
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Dombrowski, Andrew. "Multiple Relative Marking in 19th Century West Rumelian Turkish." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 38 (September 25, 2012): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v38i0.3322.
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<p>West Rumelian Turkish (WRT) refers to the dialects of Turkish spoken in the western Balkans. It is now spoken primarily in Macedonia and Kosovo, but was previously spoken more broadly in Bosnia, Greece, Albania, and Serbia. They differ from other dialects of Turkish in that they have been heavily affected by neighboring Indo-European languages like Serbian, Albanian, Aromanian, Romani, and Greek, and have undergone many of the changes characteristic of the Balkan Sprachbund (Friedman 2003). In this paper, I present a pattern of multiply-marked relative clauses in Pulevski’s Turkish that has not been attested elsewhere in Turkic, in which relative clauses can be marked with one of six different combinations of overt participial morphology. I argue that this variation is caused by two factors: first, the fusion of the constructions {<em>ći</em> + finite verb} and {participle} into a new construction {<em>ći</em> + participle} and second, the introduction of relative marking using the interrogative ‘which’ based on models in surrounding Indo-European languages.</p>
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Novik, Alexander, and Marina Domosiletskaya. "Citron in the culture and language of the Greeks and Albanians of Himara." JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY AND CULTUROLOGY 33 (August 2023): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/rec.2023.33.03.
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The role of some plants and especially the importance of the sacred plant citron – Citrus medica (etrog in the Jewish holiday of Sukkot) is extremely exaggerated. The paper deals with citron, which was cultivated in trading volumes in Southern Albania before the middle of the XX century, when Himariot/Albanian cultural, ethnic, and economic contacts with the Jews of the Mediterranean world were extremely intensive and close. The study is based on the archives’ data and the field research during many years in the Balkans (1994–2022). The authors analyze the decay and complete disappearance of the tradition of growing citron in socialist Albania under the influence of political, social and ideological factors. The persistence of narratives about the former well-being of settlements on specific circumstances of the life of the Jewish diaspora in postwar Albania are described. All Albanian (qitro, kitёr, citron, etc.) and Greek (κιτριά, κιτρό, tsitróni, etc.) phytonyms for Citrus medica are analyzed, etymologized and compared with the names of citron in other languages of the Adriatic and the Ionian coast – Italian, Aromanian, Croatian.
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Pieroni, Andrea. "Traditional uses of wild food plants, medicinal plants, and domestic remedies in Albanian, Aromanian and Macedonian villages in South-Eastern Albania." Journal of Herbal Medicine 9 (September 2017): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2017.05.001.
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Domosiletskaya, M. V. "Terminology of dairy production in the dialect of the Aromanian village Kranea (Turia) (based on «Minor Dialect Atlas of the Balkan languages»)." Indo-European Linguistics and Classical Philology, no. 25 (2021): 292–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.30842/ielcp230690152518.
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Cretulescu, Vladimir. "The Memoirs of Cola Nicea: A Case-Study on the Discursive Identity Construction of the Aromanian Armatoles in Early 20th Century Macedonia." Res Historica 41 (November 3, 2016): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/rh.2016.0.125.
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