Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aromatic amines

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Aromatic amines'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Aromatic amines"

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Manthey, MK, SG Pyne, and RJW Truscott. "Addition of Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines to Catechol in Aqueous Solution Under Oxidizing Conditions." Australian Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 3 (1989): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9890365.

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The oxidation of catechol in the presence of two aliphatic and aromatic amines has been investigated. In aqueous solutions of pH 7.0 and 11.7, the substitution pattern of the adduct was dependent on the type of amine used. Aromatic amines produced 4,5-disubstituted o-quinones, whereas aliphatic amines gave either 2,4,5-trisubstituted or 2,4-disubstituted o-quinone adducts. A rationale based upon the stability of vinylogous amides is presented to account for the observed substitution pattern.
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Otsuka, Rikuto, Kazuo Maruhashi, and Tomohiko Ohwada. "Latent Brønsted Base Solvent-Assisted Amide Formation from Amines and Acid Chlorides." Synthesis 50, no. 10 (2018): 2041–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609342.

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Weakly basic amines, including even neutral amines such as nitroaniline and aminocarboxylic acids, react with acid chlorides very efficiently in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), without addition of a base, to give the corresponding amides in high yields. The role of DMAC and related solvents as latent Brønsted bases was studied in these amidation reactions. Less basic amines, such as aromatic amines, reacted with benzoyl chloride faster than more basic aliphatic amines.
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Arora, Revika, Satya Paul, and Rajive Gupta. "A mild and efficient procedure for the conversion of aromatic carboxylic esters to secondary amides." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 8 (2005): 1137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-134.

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A mild and efficient procedure has been developed for the conversion of aromatic carboxylic esters to secondary amides using reusable Zn dust with microwave heating in the presence of N,N-dimethylformamide or conventional heating by stirring in an oil bath using THF as solvent. Zn dust can be reused several times after simple washing with dil. HCl and distilled water.Key words: aromatic carboxylic esters, aromatic primary amines, secondary amides, Zn dust, microwave activation.
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Bittner, Nataly, Andy Boon, Evert H. Delbanco, Christof Walter, and Angela Mally. "Assessment of aromatic amides in printed food contact materials: analysis of potential cleavage to primary aromatic amines during simulated passage through the gastrointestinal tract." Archives of Toxicology 96, no. 5 (2022): 1423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-022-03254-w.

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AbstractRecent analyses conducted by German official food control reported detection of the aromatic amides N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)acetamide (NDPA), N-acetoacetyl-m-xylidine (NAAX) and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthanilide (Naphthol AS) in cold water extracts from certain food contact materials made from paper or cardboard, including paper straws, paper napkins, and cupcake liners. Because aromatic amides may be cleaved to potentially genotoxic primary amines upon oral intake, these findings raise concern that transfer of NDPA, NAAX and Naphthol AS from food contact materials into food may present a risk to human health. The aim of the present work was to assess the stability of NDPA, NAAX and Naphthol AS and potential cleavage to 2,4-dimethylaniline (2,4-DMA) and aniline during simulated passage through the gastrointestinal tract using static in vitro digestion models. Using the digestion model established by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM, Bilthoven, NL) and a protocol recommended by the European Food Safety Authority, potential hydrolysis of the aromatic amides to the respective aromatic amines was assessed by LC–MS/MS following incubation of the aromatic amides with digestive fluid simulants. Time-dependent hydrolysis of NDPA and NAAX resulting in formation of the primary aromatic amine 2,4-DMA was consistently observed in both models. The highest rate of cleavage of NDPA and NAAX was recorded following 4 h incubation with 0.07 M HCl as gastric-juice simulant, and amounted to 0.21% and 0.053%, respectively. Incubation of Naphthol AS with digestive fluid simulants did not give rise to an increase in the concentration of aniline above the background that resulted from the presence of aniline as an impurity of the test compound. Considering the lack of evidence for aniline formation from Naphthol AS and the extremely low rate of hydrolysis of the amide bonds of NDPA and NAAX during simulated passage through the gastrointestinal tract that gives rise to only very minor amounts of the potentially mutagenic and/or carcinogenic aromatic amine 2,4-DMA, risk assessment based on assumption of 100% cleavage to the primary aromatic amines would appear to overestimate health risks related to the presence of aromatic amides in food contact materials.
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Garg, Jai Anand, Subrata Chakraborty, Yehoshoa Ben-David, and David Milstein. "Unprecedented iron-catalyzed selective hydrogenation of activated amides to amines and alcohols." Chemical Communications 52, no. 30 (2016): 5285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc01505k.

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The first example of hydrogenation of activated amides to amines and alcohols catalyzed by an earth-abundant iron metal complex is discovered. A wide range of trifluoromethyl-substituted secondary and tertiary aromatic and aliphatic amides were hydrogenated.
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Zhang, Youcan, Han-Jun Ai та Xiao-Feng Wu. "Copper-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of pyrrolidine-containing amides from γ,δ-unsaturated aromatic oxime esters". Organic Chemistry Frontiers 7, № 19 (2020): 2986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qo00999g.

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Mustafayeva, Fatima A., and Najaf T. Kakhramanov. "BROMINATION OF AROMATIC AMINES." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 4 (2019): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196204.5673.

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It is known that the antipyrenes, biological active substances (antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral), pharmacological preparations on the basis of bromine-containing aromatic compounds are widely used in the industry. Considering this and increased demand for these substances the purpose of this work was to summarize and systematize the accumulated knowledge in this area. The article presents methods and reagent systems used in the bromination of aromatic amines. There have been described the bromination of aromatic amines with hydrogen bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, ammonium bromide, copper (II) bromide, N-bromosuccinimide, N-bromosaccharin, polymer-supported halogenation agents, and difference of these methods from the point of view of the used oxidizer, the medium and the solvent, the catalyst, the regioselectivity, the quantity of bromine atoms in the obtained product. The influence of solvents, catalysts, the nature (electron-donor or electron-acceptor) and position (ortho-, meta-, para-) of the substituents in the aromatic ring, reaction conditions, molar ratio of the reagents, reaction temperature and carrying out time of bromination reaction of aromatic amines has been shown. The bromination reactions courses of aromatic amines in different solvents, in solvent free conditions, in solid states has been described. The bromination of aromatic amines under thermal, microwave, ultraviolet radiation conditions has been studied. In the paper the regioselective monobromination and also obtaining of di-, tri- bromo derivatives of aromatic amines has been shown. Taking into account today's priority to environmentally safe methods of bromination of aromatic amines they have been also mentioned. Given the above, in our opinion, the information presented in this article will help to optimize the production of bromo derivatives of aromatic amines used in industry, technics and technology.
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Amster, Regin Lawrence R. Iniya Udhaya C. John Peter Paul J.*. "PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF SARGASSUM LINEARIFOLIUM (TURNER) C.AG. (BROWN SEAWEED) USING UV-VIS, FTIR AND HPLC." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 07, no. 09 (2017): 390–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1036435.

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The present investigation was carried to determine the phytochemicals of Sargassum linearifolium (Turner) C.Ag using UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and HPLC. The UV-Visible spectrum of chloroform extract of Sargassum linearifolium (Turner) C.Ag. showed the peaks at the nm of 325, 412, 537, 610, 668, 882, 962, 1015 and 1059 with the absorption 1.573, 2.783, 0.593, 0.502, 1.150, 0.181, 0.108, 0.099 and 0.030 respectively. The FTIR spectrum was revealed the presence of amides, aliphatic nitro compounds, organo phosphorus compounds, ether, amines, aromatic nitro compounds, benzene ring in aromatic compound, aromatic nitro compound, primary amines, aldehyde, aliphatic compound and primary amides in chloroform extract of Sargassum linearifolium. The qualitative HPLC fingerprint profile displayed thirteen compounds at different retention times. The profile displayed seven prominent peaks at the retention times of 1.637min, 2.360min, 2.670min, 2.803min, 3.017min, 3.267min and 3.433min followed by six moderate peaks at the retention time of 4.003min, 4.293min, 5.970min, 7.210min, 8.673min and 9.773min.
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Luceri, Francesca, Giuseppe Pieraccini, Gloriano Moneti, and Piero Dolara. "Primary Aromatic Amines from Side-Stream Cigarette Smoke are Common Contaminants of Indoor Air." Toxicology and Industrial Health 9, no. 3 (1993): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379300900302.

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A very sensitive mass-spectrometry method has been developed for the analysis of aromatic amines in tobacco smoke and in indoor air. Cigarettes were smoked with a smoking machine; the anwies from the smoke were trapped in a 5% HCl water solution containing internal standards and detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the selected-ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. The amines measured were the following: aniline. 2-toluidine, 3-toluidine, 4-toluidine, 2-ethylaniline, 3-ethylaniline, 4-ethylaniline, 2,3-dimethylaniline, 2,4-dimethylaniline, 2,5-dimethylaniline, 2,6-dimethylaniline, 1-naphthylamine, 2-naphthylamine, 2-methyl-1-naphthylamine, 2-aminobiphenyl,3-aminobiphenyl and 4-aminobiphenyl. We analyzed nine brands of cigarettes sold commercially in Italy (Gauloise, Nazionali, Marlboro, Camel, MS, MS mild and MS lights), with and without filter. Main-stream smoke contained a lower amount of aromatic amines than side-stream smoke: the total level of these amines in main-stream smoke ranged from 200 to 1300 nglcigarette, whereas the level of aromatic amines in side-stream smoke varied from 20,000 to 30,000 nglcigarette. The smoke of black-tobacco cigarettes had higher levels of aromatic amines compared to light-tobacco cigarettes and the filters significantly reduced aromatic amines in main-stream smoke. We also determined the levels of aromatic amines in ambient air, offices and houses. Some aromatic amines (aniline and toluidine) were detected in ambient air, as well as in rooms of non-smokers. Most measurements showed a considerable contamination of aromatic amines derived from side-stream smoke, which was detected also in parts of the buildings in which smoking was not allowed.
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Gu, Jiajia, Zheng Fang, Yuhang Yang, et al. "Copper-catalyzed one-pot oxidative amidation of alcohol to amide via C–H activation." RSC Advances 6, no. 92 (2016): 89413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra20732d.

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Copper-catalyzed one-pot oxidative amidation of both aliphatic and aromatic alcohols with N-chloramines, prepared in situ from many types of primary and secondary amines, to form amides under mild conditions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aromatic amines"

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Marczylo, Timothy Hywel. "Bioactivation of aromatic amines." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336523.

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Walsh, Kelly Ann. "The alkylation of aromatic amines." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7659.

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N-alkylated anilines can be obtained in moderate yields from aniline and methyl formate in the presence of Rh$\sb6$(CO)$\sb $ and KI after 72 hours at 180-200$\sp\circ$C. Ru$\sb3$(CO)$\sb $ gave similar results to the unpromoted rhodium carbonyl system. Formanilide and N-methylformanilide were also formed in the reaction. The (HCr(CO)$\sb5$) -anion in the form of its PPN$\sp+$ and Et$\sb4$N$\sp+$ salts also catalysed this reaction (under hydrogen) but was selective to the formanilide products. The presence of an electron donating group on the aromatic ring favoured the formation of alkylated products in the presence of bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium (PPN$\sp+$) hydridochromiumpenta-carbonyl. Several possible mechanisms were tested and the nature of the polynuclear catalysts investigated.
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Gibson, E. M. "Spectroscopy of jet-cooled aromatic amines." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47075.

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Wang, Xuan. "Studies on preparation of aromatic amines and their synthetic and biological applications /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CHEM%202005%20WANG.

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Brunmark, Per. "Methods for assessment of exposure to aromatic amines/isocyanates by air monitoring and biomarkers." Lund : Dept. of Analytical Chemistry and Dept. of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38948330.html.

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Yeatts, Karin Beatrice. "An investigation of structure activity relationships for aryl nitrenium stability and mutagenicity for amino polyaromatic hydrocarbons." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-170829/.

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Howell, Rachel. "Laser induced fluorescence studies of jet-cooled aromatic amines." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46347.

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Rohaly, Matthew Joseph. "Decomposition of Aromatic Amines in a Jet Fuel Surrogate." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1417777531.

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Sakamaki, Daisuke. "Studies on Electronic Properties of Aromatic Amines with Unique Structures." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/174890.

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Powell, C. J. "Studies of the nephrotoxicity of some alkyl and aromatic amines." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332745.

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Books on the topic "Aromatic amines"

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Schröder, Stefan. Selektiv O-acylierte Arylhydroxylamine: Herstellung und Reaktionen mit Aminen als Modelle für Schlüsselreaktionen der Carcinogenese aromatischer Amine. A.S. Intemann und C.C. Intemann, 1989.

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Organization, World Health, and International Agency for Research on Cancer, eds. Some aromatic amines, organic dyes, and related exposures. IARC Press, 2010.

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Maslennikova, I. S. Regulirovanie aminokompleksnymi soedinenii͡a︡mi vlazhnosti dispersnykh ali͡u︡mosilikatnykh sistem. Izd-vo Leningradskogo universiteta, 1985.

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Daszkiewicz, Zdzisław. Aromatyczne nitraminy: Synteza, struktura, właściwości, przegrupowanie. Wydaw. UO, 2004.

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Association, Chemical Industries, ed. Safe handling of potentially carcinogenic aromatic amines and nitro compounds. Chemical Industries Association, 1992.

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Sin, Han-sŭng. Sikpʻum chung heterocyclic amines monitʻŏring mit wihae pʻyŏngka =: Monitoring and risk analysis for heterocyclic amines in foods. Sikpʻum Ŭiyakpʻum Anjŏnchʻŏng, 2007.

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S, Lee Linda, and National Exposure Research Laboratory (U.S.). Ecosystems Research Division., eds. Modeling soil-water distribution of aromatic amines in water saturated soil systems. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystems Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 2000.

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S, Lee Linda, and National Exposure Research Laboratory (U.S.). Ecosystems Research Division, eds. Modeling soil-water distribution of aromatic amines in water saturated soil systems. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystems Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 2000.

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S, Lee Linda, and National Exposure Research Laboratory (U.S.). Ecosystems Research Division, eds. Modeling soil-water distribution of aromatic amines in water saturated soil systems. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystems Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 2000.

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S, Lee Linda, and National Exposure Research Laboratory (U.S.). Ecosystems Research Division., eds. Modeling soil-water distribution of aromatic amines in water saturated soil systems. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystems Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aromatic amines"

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Alston, Frances, and Onwuka Okorie. "Aromatic amines." In Occupational Exposures. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003220114-2.

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Turesky, Robert J. "Aromatic Amines and Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines: From Tobacco Smoke to Food Mutagens." In The Chemical Biology of DNA Damage. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527630110.ch7.

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Turesky, Robert J. "Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines: Potential Human Carcinogens." In Chemical Carcinogenesis. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61737-995-6_5.

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Davies, A. G. "17.9.6 Radical cations of aromatic amines." In Phosphorus-Centered Radicals, Radicals Centered on Other Heteroatoms, Organic Radical Ions. Part 2. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87641-0_45.

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Dilworth, J. R., and S. Morton. "From Pyridines and Other Aromatic Amines." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145227.ch18.

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Eyer, P. "Activation of aromatic amines by oxyhaemoglobin." In N-Oxidation of Drugs. Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3112-4_22.

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Pereira, Luciana, Pijush Kanti Mondal, and Madalena Alves. "Aromatic Amines Sources, Environmental Impact and Remediation." In Pollutants in Buildings, Water and Living Organisms. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19276-5_7.

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Seigler, David S. "Simple Amines, Simple Aromatic and Pyridine Alkaloids." In Plant Secondary Metabolism. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4913-0_28.

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Krishnamurthy, Naveen Kumar. "Response of Alkaliphilic Bacteria to Aromatic Amines." In Bioprospects of Coastal Eubacteria. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12910-5_6.

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Mukherjee, Nandini, and Sauvik Chatterjee. "Dehydrogenation Reactions of Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines." In Chemistry of Dehydrogenation Reactions and Its Applications. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003321934-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Aromatic amines"

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Soriaga, Manuel P., G. M. Berry, C. Bhardwaj, et al. "Chemisorption of Organic Molecules on Metal Electrode Surfaces." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90300.

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Abstract The chemisorption of various organic functional groups from aqueous solutions onto smooth single-crystal and polycrystalline electrodes, and the resistance of the resulting monolayer intermediates towards electrochemical oxidation have been studied; these investigations were motivated by the need to understand, at the atomic level, metal passivation by monolayer organic coatings. The electrodes employed were Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, and Au whose anodic dissolution is preceded by surface-oxide formation even in highly acidic media. Resistance towards anodic oxidation can thus be associated with the retardation of the formation of surface metal oxides, and the degree of retardation can be taken as one measure of the passivation properties of the organic monolayer. Thirty-eight organic compounds containing at least one surface-active functional group were investigated: alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, heterocyclic aromatics, alcohols, phenols, sulfides, amines, amides, nitriles, CO, aldehydes, carboxylates, esters, and their selected derivatives. Experimental measurements were based primarily upon thin-layer electrochemical methods; selected interfacial systems were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy. The preliminary data suggest the following trends: (i) The stronger the organic monolayer is chemisorbed, the more efficient its corrosion inhibition, (ii) The strength of chemisorption of a given functional group varies with electrode material in the order Pt > Pd ≥ Rh ≥ Ir > Au. (iii) For a given electrode material, the strength of organic chemisorption decreases as -SH > aromatic N > aromatic ring ≥ alkyne > alkene >R2S ≥ aryl -CN > aliphatic N > -OH > alkyl -CN > -COOH. (iv) For a specific surface-active substituent, the higher the molecular weight of the parent organic compound, the better the corrosion inhibition, (v) The more reactive the metal, the greater the extent of organic chemisorption-induced passivation.
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Kouznetsov, D. L., O. Yu Podkopaeva, Yu V. Chizhov, G. P. Antroshenko, S. M. Shevchenko, and A. I. Altsybeeva. "Relationship between the Structure and Activity of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors Derived from Cyclic Amines." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01192.

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Abstract Products of the condensation reaction between morpholine or cyclohexylamine and benzaldehydes have been used extensively as volatile inhibitors of atmospheric corrosion, as well as components of lubricant compositions, biocides and preservatives in automotive cooling liquids and fuels. In this study, we examined the relationship between the electronic structure and inhibition performance of the compounds in an atmospheric corrosion test. The condensation products have significantly lower vapor pressure than parent amines, resulting in longer residence times of inhibitor species at a metal surface. Their hydrolysis in the surface humidity film produces amine species that raise pH and adsorb on iron, as well as benzaldehyde species that serve as hydrophobicizing and biocide agents. However, caution should be exercised in the choice of parent benzaldehydes, because the inhibition performance may decrease with introduction of substituents into the aromatic ring. Taking into account the toxicity data for benzaldehydes, a good compromise can be achieved using methyl and ethyl substituted derivatives.
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Kumar, Dharmendr, Venkata Muralidhar K., Vinay Jain, Beena Rai, and Jeremy Moloney. "Mechanistic Insights into 2-Mercaptoethanol and Thioglycolic Acid Corrosion Inhibitor Chemistries for Mild Steel: DFT and Experimental Investigations." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00518.

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Abstract Sulfur-containing corrosion inhibitors (CIs), such as 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME), thioglycolic acid (TGA), and sodium thiosulfate (STS), are extensively used in oilfield formulations, often in conjunction with other chemistries like quaternary ammonium compounds, imidazolines, and aromatic amines, to mitigate steel corrosion in carbon dioxide environments. These sulfur-based CIs are favored for their effectiveness, low cost, and synergy with other chemistries. To optimize these formulations—by improving performance, reducing costs, and enhancing sustainability—there is a need to better understand their interactions with metal surfaces and other chemistries to discover/design more effective solutions. In this work, the inhibition effects of 2ME and TGA have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and corrosion experiments. Results reveal that both 2ME and TGA form strong inhibitor films on the cementite (Fe3C) surface, creating Fe—S and Fe—O bonds. 2ME shows higher adsorption energy than TGA which is further supported by extensive surface coverage studies. Experimental bubble cell tests on C1018 carbon steel at 80°C in a carbon dioxide-saturated 3% sodium chloride environment support these findings. Additionally, the inhibition trends over time for both 2ME and TGA are similar, suggesting a similar mechanism of inhibition. These results underscore the utility of computational techniques like DFT in accelerating the discovery of novel corrosion inhibitor chemistries.
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Wiggins, Paul, Thalan Burris, Sam Lane, Terry Pe, and Dustin Le. "New Developments in Aliphatic Polyurea Coatings." In SSPC 2012 Greencoat. SSPC, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2012-00060.

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Abstract Two component spray polyurea systems are fast reacting and provide quick return-to-service coatings. Aromatic polyurea coatings have good physical properties but discolor upon exposure to UV light due to the aromatic content. Some of these aromatic systems have been coated with an aliphatic topcoat to provide the desired color stability. Spray aliphatic polyurea coatings do not discolor upon UV exposure due to the absence of aromatic content, but react rapidly making it difficult to formulate a robust coating system. A new aliphatic secondary diamine has been developed and will be referred to as Aliphatic Amine A in this paper. Aliphatic Amine A is a versatile new aliphatic curative having moderate cure speed, allowing the formulation of robust fully aliphatic spray polyurea coatings. New aliphatic polyurea spray coatings based on HDI and Aliphatic Amine A has very good physical properties, comparable to commercial aromatic offerings. The moisture transmission rate through these new aliphatic coatings is 2-2.5 times lower than aromatic systems. This improved moisture barrier performance allows coating application at nominally half the thickness typically used in aromatic systems.
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Oswald, Kenneth J. "Carbon Dioxide Resistance of Aromatic Amine Cured Epoxy Fiberglass Oil Field Pipe." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87163.

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Abstract Aromatic amine cured epoxy fiberglass piping systems have been successfully used to handle oil field services requiring resistance to carbon dioxide. This paper presents laboratory and field test data to verify the suitability of this type of pipe for these services. The laboratory study covers the effects of wet and dry carbon dioxide on aromatic amine cured epoxy fiberglass pipe under pressures from 300 psig to 850 psig. The oil field test data shows the effects of 10 years of flowline service handling produced water saturated with gases containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.
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Oswald, Kenneth J. "The Performance of Fiberglass Pipe under the Conditions Encountered in Oil Field Flowline Services Containing Carbon Dioxide." In CORROSION 1989. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89471.

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Abstract This paper presents the results of laboratory studies of the effects of dry and wet carbon dioxide, and a mixture containing wet carbon dioxide and 5% hydrogen sulfide on unlined fiberglass pipe made from aromatic amine cured epoxy, vinyl ester, and premium isophthalic polyester resins.
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Arian, G. Hossein. "Chemical Resistance and Curing Agents in Fiberglass Reinforced Oilfield Tubulars." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90429.

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Abstract Fiberglass reinforced tubulars are becoming the material of choice for oilfield corrosion control. Applications extend to all facets of the oilfield from low to high pressure injection lines, tubing and casing. The chemical resistance of these materials is complex and requires careful evaluation of the raw materials. This study addresses the three most commonly used curing agents for fiberglass reinforced tubulars: aliphatic amine, aromatic amine and anhydrides. Additionally presented are other phenomena which contribute to the chemical stability in actual application of the product .
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Demishkevich, Elizaveta, Andrey Y. Zyubin, Alexander Zozulya, and Ilya G. Samusev. "Superquenching of aromatic amino acids in the presence of rhodium nanoparticles." In Plasmonics VIII, edited by Zheyu Fang and Takuo Tanaka. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3036114.

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Oswald, Kenneth J. "Carbon Dioxide Resistance of Fiberglass Oil Field Pipe Made from Aromatic Amine Cured Epoxy, Vinyl Ester and Isophthalic Polyester Resins." In CORROSION 1988. NACE International, 1988. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1988-88171.

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Abstract Unlined aromatic amine cured epoxy fiberglass piping systems have been successfully used to handle oil field services requiring resistance to carbon dioxide. Fiberglass pipe made from vinyl ester and premium isophthalic polyester resins have also been proposed for use in this type of service. This paper presents test data comparing the carbon dioxide resistance of fiberglass pipe made from these three resins. Test data for fiberglass pipe exposed to carbon dioxide containing 5% hydrogen sulfide is also presented.
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Lukovits, I., T. Kosztolányi, E. Kálmán, and G. Pálinkás. "Corrosion Inhibitors: Correlation between Chemical Structure and Efficiency." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99242.

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Abstract Corrosion inhibition efficiencies of heterocyclic, aromatic or partially saturated aromatic compounds (pyrimidines, benzothiazole derivatives, amino-acids containing an aromatic part, pyridines and quinolines) were correlated with quantum chemical indices of the respective molecules. Inhibition efficiencies measured in acidic solutions containing 0.001 and 0.01 mol/L of the inhibitor, respectively, were collected. The quantum chemical calculations were done by using the simple Hückel method. Comparison of inhibition efficiencies and the differences between energies of the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (Δ) indicated that if Δ is lower than 1.3 (in beta units) than the compound will not be active, whereas if Δ > 1.3 beta, the compound may be efficient in 0.001 mole/L concentration. The critical value of Δ may be lower in solution with 0.01 mole/L inhibitor concentration. Although Δ alone is not sufficient to account for the variation in the experimental inhibition efficiencies, the present result indicates that compounds which may be easily excited will be inefficient inhibitors because they may be altered or decomposed after the excitation takes place.
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Reports on the topic "Aromatic amines"

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Thomson, J. S., J. B. Green, S. K. T. Yu, and R. P. Vrana. Differentiation of primary, secondary and tertiary aromatic amines in fossil fuels using trifluoroacylation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5924565.

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Thomson, J. S., J. B. Green, S. K. T. Yu, and R. P. Vrana. Differentiation of primary, secondary and tertiary aromatic amines in fossil fuels using trifluoroacylation. 1, Analytical methodology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10111789.

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Benkeser, R. Reduction of coal, coal oils and functionalized aromatic compounds derived from coal by calcium in amines: Final report, January 1, 1986--March 31, 1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6137759.

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Deng, Li. Applications of electrochemically-modulated liquid chromatography (EMLC): Separations of aromatic amino acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/348887.

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Author, Not Given. Gene-Enzyme Relationships of Aromatic Amino Acid Biosynthesis in Higher Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834384.

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Galili, Gad, Harry J. Klee, and Asaph Aharoni. Elucidating the impact of enhanced conversion of primary to secondary metabolism on phenylpropanoids secondary metabolites associated with flavor, aroma and health in tomato fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597920.bard.

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• Targeted manipulating Phenylalanine (Phe) synthesis is one of the most powerful strategies to boost the biologically and economically important secondary metabolites, including phenylpropaniods, aromatic volatiles and specialized secondary metabolites. • Over-expression of the petunia MYB transcript factor, ODORANT1 (ODO1), results in significant alterations of the levels of specific phenylpropanoid compounds in plants. • Our previous studies indicated that ectopic expression of the feedback-insensitive AroG could break the bottleneck between primary and secondary metabolisms in tomato, thereby aiding in producing new tomato composition and identifying the unknown roles of multiple key regulators in specialized metabolism. Therefore, combining the AroG and ODO1 is of particular interest for elucidating the combined regulatory role of both of these genes in the Phe metabolic pathway, as well as generating tomato fruits that contain higher levels of secondary metabolites. • Here, we performed the LC-MS and GC-MS analyses on fruits of four tomato genotypes, namely, wild type tomato fruits as well as tomato fruits expressing the AroG, ODO1 and the combination of AroG plus ODO1 (AO) genotypes. Our results elaborated that the levels of many of the Phe-derived metabolites were predominately altered in fruits of the AO genotype, compared to tomato fruits expressing either AroG or ODO1 individually. The levels of most of these metabolites were significantly stimulated, such as Tyrosine (Tyr), coumaric acid and ferulic acid derived metabolites, but the levels of some important secondary metabolites were reduced in the AO transgenic genotypes as compared to either AroG or ODO1 lines. Nevertheless, our results also revealed that the levels of aromatic volatiles were obviously down regulated in the AO, compared to that in AroG transgenic fruits, but were boosted while compared to the wild type and ODO1 transgenic fruits. • Our results suggest that ODO1 expression may also have a negative effect on the production of some of the aromatic volatiles in tomato fruits, indicating that ODO1 acts as an important regulator of the shikimate pathway, which leads to the production of the aromatic amino acids and secondary metabolites derived from them. Key words: AroG, ODO1, tomato, metabolism, shikimate pathway
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Gurevitz, Michael, Michael Adams, and Eliahu Zlotkin. Insect Specific Alpha Neurotoxins from Scorpion Venoms: Mode of Action and Structure-Function Relationships. United States Department of Agriculture, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613029.bard.

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This study was motivated by the need to develop new means and approaches to the design of future, environmentally-safe, insecticides. Utilization of anti-insect selective toxins from scorpion venoms and clarification of the molecular basis for their specificity, are a major focus in this project and may have an applicative value. Our study concentrated on the highly insecticidal toxin, LqhaIT, and was devoted to: (I) Characterization of the neuropharmacological and electrophysiological features of this toxin. (II) Establishment of a genetic system for studying structure/activity relationships of the toxin. (III) Analysis of the insecticidal efficacy of an entomopathogenic baculovirus engineered and expressing LqhaIT. The results obtained in this project suggest that: 1) The receptor binding site of LqhaIT on insect sodium channels differs most likely from its analogous receptor site 3 on vertebrate sodium channels. 2) The effects of LqhaIT are presynaptic. Hyperexcitation at the neuromuscular results from dramatic slowing of sodium channel inactivation and enhanced peak sodium currents causes by LqhaIT. 3) The putative toxic surface of LqhaIT involves aromatic and charged amino acid residues located around the C-terminal region and five-residue-turn of the toxin (unpublished). 4) The anti-insect/anti-mammalian toxicity ratio can be altered by site-directed mutagenesis (publication 8). This effect was partly shown at the level of sodium channel function. 5) The insecticidal efficacy of AcNPV baculovirus increased to a great extent when infection was accompanied by expression of LqhaIT (publication 5).
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Whitham, Steven A., Amit Gal-On, and Victor Gaba. Post-transcriptional Regulation of Host Genes Involved with Symptom Expression in Potyviral Infections. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593391.bard.

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Understanding how RNA viruses cause disease symptoms in their hosts is expected to provide information that can be exploited to enhance modern agriculture. The helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) protein of potyviruses has been implicated in symptom development. Previously, we demonstrated that symptom expression is associated with binding of duplex small-interfering-RNA (duplex-siRNA) to a highly conserved FRNK amino acid motif in the HC-Pro of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). This binding activity also alters host microRNA (miRNA) profiles. In Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), which infects the model plant Arabidopsis, mutation of the FRNK motif to FINK was lethal providing further indication of the importance of this motif to HC-Pro function. In this continuation project, our goal was to further investigate how ZYMV and TuMV cause the mis-expression of genes in cucurbits and Arabidopsis, respectively, and to correlate altered gene expression with disease symptoms. Objective 1 was to examine the roles of aromatic and positively charged residues F164RNH and K215RLF adjacent to FR180NK in small RNA binding. Objective 2 was to determine the target genes of the miRNAs which change during HC-Pro expression in infected tissues and transgenic cucumber. Objective 3 was to characterize RNA silencing mechanisms underlying differential expression of host genes. Objective 4 was to analyze the function of miRNA target genes and differentially expressed genes in potyvirus-infected tissues. We found that the charged K/R amino acid residues in the FKNH and KRLF motifs are essential for virus viability. Replacement of K to I in FKNH disrupted duplex-siRNA binding and virus infectivity, while in KRLF mutants duplex-siRNA binding was maintained and virus infectivity was limited: symptomless following a recovery phenomenon. These findings expanded the duplex-siRNA binding activity of HC-Pro to include the adjacent FRNK and FRNH sites. ZYMV causes many squash miRNAs to hyper-accumulate such as miR166, miR390, mir168, and many others. Screening of mir target genes showed that only INCURVATA-4 and PHAVOLUTA were significantly upregulated following ZYMVFRNK infection. Supporting this finding, we found similar developmental symptoms in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing P1-HC-Pro of a range of potyviruses to those observed in miR166 mutants. We characterized increased transcription of AGO1 in response to infection with both ZYMV strains. Differences in viral siRNA profiles and accumulation between mild and severe virus infections were characterized by Illumina sequencing, probably due to the differences in HC-Pro binding activity. We determined that the TuMV FINK mutant could accumulate and cause symptoms in dcl2 dcl4 or dcl2 dcl3 dcl4 mutants similar to TuMV FRNK in wild type Arabidopsis plants. These dcl mutant plants are defective in antiviral defenses, and the results show that factors other than HC-ProFRNK motif can induce symptoms in virus-infected plants. As a result of this work, we have a better understanding of the FRNK and FKNH amino acid motifs of HC-Pro and their contributions to the duplex-siRNA binding functions. We have identified plant genes that potentially contribute to infectivity and symptoms of virus infected plants when they are mis-expressed during potyviral infections. The results establish that there are multiple underlying molecular mechanisms that lead viral pathogenicity, some dependent on HC-Pro. The potential benefits include the development of novel strategies for controlling diseases caused by viruses, methods to ensure stable expression of transgenes in genetically improved crops, and improved potyvirus vectors for expression of proteins or peptides in plants.
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Aharoni, Asaph, Zhangjun Fei, Efraim Lewinsohn, Arthur Schaffer, and Yaakov Tadmor. System Approach to Understanding the Metabolic Diversity in Melon. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593400.bard.

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Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic factors that affect taste, aroma, ‎color, texture, nutritional value and shelf life. To unravel the genetic components ‎involved in the metabolic pathways behind these traits, the major goal of the project was to identify novel genes that are involved in, or that regulate, these pathways using correlation analysis between genotype, metabolite and gene expression data. The original and specific research objectives were: (1) Collection of replicated fruit from a population of 96 RI lines derived from parents distinguished by great diversity in fruit development and quality phenotypes, (2) Phenotypic and metabolic profiling of mature fruit from all 96 RI lines and their parents, (3) 454 pyrosequencing of cDNA representing mRNA of mature fruit from each line to facilitate gene expression analysis based on relative EST abundance, (4) Development of a database modeled after an existing database developed for tomato introgression lines (ILs) to facilitate online data analysis by members of this project and by researchers around the world. The main functions of the database will be to store and present metabolite and gene expression data so that correlations can be drawn between variation in target traits or metabolites across the RI population members and variation in gene expression to identify candidate genes which may impact phenotypic and chemical traits of interest, (5) Selection of RI lines for segregation and/or hybridization (crosses) analysis to ascertain whether or not genes associated with traits through gene expression/metabolite correlation analysis are indeed contributors to said traits. The overall research strategy was to utilize an available recombinant inbred population of melon (Cucumis melo L.) derived from phenotypically diverse parents and for which over 800 molecular markers have been mapped for the association of metabolic trait and gene expression QTLs. Transcriptomic data were obtained by high throughput sequencing using the Illumina platform instead of the originally planned 454 platform. The change was due to the fast advancement and proven advantages of the Illumina platform, as explained in the first annual scientific report. Metabolic data were collected using both targeted (sugars, organic acids, carotenoids) and non-targeted metabolomics analysis methodologies. Genes whose expression patterns were associated with variation of particular metabolites or fruit quality traits represent candidates for the molecular mechanisms that underlie them. Candidate genes that may encode enzymes catalyzingbiosynthetic steps in the production of volatile compounds of interest, downstream catabolic processes of aromatic amino acids and regulatory genes were selected and are in the process of functional analyses. Several of these are genes represent unanticipated effectors of compound accumulation that could not be identified using traditional approaches. According to the original plan, the Cucurbit Genomics Network (http://www.icugi.org/), developed through an earlier BARD project (IS-3333-02), was expanded to serve as a public portal for the extensive metabolomics and transcriptomic data resulting from the current project. Importantly, this database was also expanded to include genomic and metabolomic resources of all the cucurbit crops, including genomes of cucumber and watermelon, EST collections, genetic maps, metabolite data and additional information. In addition, the database provides tools enabling researchers to identify genes, the expression patterns of which correlate with traits of interest. The project has significantly expanded the existing EST resource for melon and provides new molecular tools for marker-assisted selection. This information will be opened to the public by the end of 2013, upon the first publication describing the transcriptomic and metabolomics resources developed through the project. In addition, well-characterized RI lines are available to enable targeted breeding for genes of interest. Segregation of the RI lines for specific metabolites of interest has been shown, demonstrating the utility in these lines and our new molecular and metabolic data as a basis for selection targeting specific flavor, quality, nutritional and/or defensive compounds. To summarize, all the specific goals of the project have been achieved and in many cases exceeded. Large scale trascriptomic and metabolomic resources have been developed for melon and will soon become available to the community. The usefulness of these has been validated. A number of novel genes involved in fruit ripening have been selected and are currently being functionally analyzed. We thus fully addressed our obligations to the project. In our view, however, the potential value of the project outcomes as ultimately manifested may be far greater than originally anticipated. The resources developed and expanded under this project, and the tools created for using them will enable us, and others, to continue to employ resulting data and discoveries in future studies with benefits both in basic and applied agricultural - scientific research.
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