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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aromatic Substitution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Martyn, R. J. "Ipso aromatic substitution." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7318.

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In the first part of this thesis the conformation and stereochemistry of a number of polychlorocyclohex-3-enones, formed by the reaction of chlorine in acetic acid and hydrochloric acid with polysubstituted phenols (or anilines), are discussed. Those polychlorocyclohex-3-enones with the H(Cl)CS or the Me(Cl)CS structural features were shown to exist in a twist-boat conformation with the CS-Cl bond in the flagpole orientation. In contrast, two polychlorocyclohex-3-enones with gem-dichloro substituents at C5, were shown to be conformationally mobile in solution. The alicyclic ring of two 4,4,5-t

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2

Kennedy, R. J. "Copper-promoted nucleophilic aromatic substitution." Thesis, University of Kent, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355148.

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3

Hartley, Joseph P. "Indium catalysed electrophilic aromatic substitution." Thesis, University of Bath, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760785.

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4

Rodriguez, Medina Inmaculada Concepcion. "Studies on oxidative aromatic substitution." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390923.

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5

Clough, Robert Steven. "The synthesis of aromatic polyethers by aromatic nucleophilic substitution." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057072167.

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6

Nguyen, Quang. "Reinventing Aromatic Substitution: A Novel Look." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1292.

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Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) and directed ortho-metalation (DoM) involve the direct substitution of an arene hydrogen. A major drawback involving EAS is the necessity for harsh forcing conditions for the reaction to proceed. Catalysts such as Lewis acids FeBr3 and AICI3 for the introduction of halogens and acyl groups, respectively, are each highly toxic and corrosive. Textbook preparations of aryl iodides classicaly involved the use of iodine and nitric acid. This approach affords only modest yields and does not provide regiospecific substitution of most substituted aromatics bec

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7

Murphy, Nicholas Patrick. "Radical aromatic cyclisation and substitution reactions." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2286/.

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This dissertation is divided into five chapters. Chapter One consists of an introduction to radical cyclisation and rearrangement reactions. Chapter Two investigates the reactions of substituted arylsulfonamides 278a-l with copper bromide and an amine ligand-TPA. This reaction involves an alkyl radical generated from the copper (I) bromide/TPA complex, which can then undergo a 1,5- ipso attack onto the sulfonamide leading to a cyclohexadienyl radical intermediate. Re-aromatisation and extrusion of sulfur dioxide leads to an amidyl radical intermediate. This can undergo either cyclisation back

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8

McMurdo, J. "Electrophilic aromatic substitution using methoxyacetyl chloride." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302997.

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9

Liljenberg, Magnus. "Quantum Chemical Studies of Aromatic Substitution Reactions." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysikalisk kemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206964.

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In this thesis, density functional theory (DFT) is used to investigate the mechanisms and reactivities of electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions (SEAr and SNAr respectively). For SEAr, the σ-complex intermediate is preceded by one (halogenation) or two (nitration) π-complex intermediates. Whereas the rate-determining transition state (TS) for nitration resembles the second π-complex, the corresponding chlorination TS is much closer to the σ-complex. The last step, the expulsion of the proton, is modeled with an explicit solvent molecule in combination with PCM and confi

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10

Shen, Bin. "Studies on the nucleophilic aromatic 18 F-Fluorination from model compounds to aromatic amino acids /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008.

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11

Jones, Craig Warren. "Nucleophilic aromatic substitution using supported copper(I) reagents." Thesis, University of York, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236184.

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12

Martin, Peter Arnold. "Nucleophilic substitution reactions of some polyhalogenated compounds." Thesis, Durham University, 1987. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6876/.

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Rate measurements for the reactions of a series of polyfluoro - and polychloro - pyridines with aniline and ammonia in 60/40 dioxan/water at 25ºC has shown that chlorine, when ortho and para to the position of attack, is activating with respect to fluorine, but at the position meta to the point of attack, chlorine and fluorine are virtually equivalent in their effect on reaction rate. The trifluoromethyl and nitrile groups were found to be activating relative to fluorine when ortho and para to the position of substitution and the nitrile group was thus found to be ortho/para directing. The ort

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13

Roberts, S. D. "Regioselective electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of naphthalene over solids." Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638685.

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Chapter 1 highlights the many advantages of heterogeneous inorganic solids as catalysts, and summarises the various microporous and mesoporous solids that have been employed as catalysts. The synthesis and characterisation of the mesoporous materials that were used in the study are described. Chapter 2 focuses on the nitration of naphthalene. An introduction to nitration is given, and the results of nitration over a range of solids are presented. Unusual dinitronaphthalene product ratios were achieved over Al-MCM-41. Reactions catalysed by heteropoly acid immobilised within the pores of mesopo

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14

Earle, Martyn John. "New approaches to aromatic substitution reactions with carbon electrophiles." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1992. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33242.

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The thesis gives an account of work directed towards developing new reagent systems and methodology, with particular reference to the Friedel–Crafts and Vilsmeier–Haack reactions of aromatic and heteroaromatlc compounds. Ways of improving regioselectivity and developing a stereoselective Friedel–Crafts reaction have been investigated for a range of hetero-atom stabilised carbocations. This work is divided into two main areas: (1) the synthesis and use of pyrophosphoryl chloride in the Vilsmeier–Haack reaction, the results of this has shed new light on the mechanism of this classical reaction;

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15

Cheong, C. L. "Substitution of polyhalogenoaromatic compounds by sterically hindered nucleophiles." Thesis, University of Salford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376844.

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16

Duffy, Anne Merete. "Students' ways of understanding aromaticity and electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3210647.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2006.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 7, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 280-290).

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17

Sherburn, Michael S. "Radicals and reactive rings." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277935.

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18

Živković, Aleksandra. "RNA recognition by fluoro aromatic substituted nucleic acid analogues." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976480190.

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19

Moonga, B. S. "The kinetics of protiodecarbonylation reactions." Thesis, Brunel University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375474.

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20

Hagelin, Helena. "Palladium-catalyzed aromatic coupling and allylic substitution : an experimental and theoretical study /." Stockholm, 1999. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs99/hage0528.pdf.

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21

Donham, Leah L. "Gas-Phase Studies of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions: Halogenating and Dehalogenating Aromatic Heterocycles." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5645.

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Halogenated heterocycles are common in pharmaceutical and natural products and there is a need to develop a better understanding of processes used to synthesize them. Although the halogenation of simple aromatic molecules is well understood, the mechanisms behind the halogenation of aromatic heterocycles have been more problematic to elucidate because multiple pathways are possible. Recently, new, radical-based mechanisms have been proposed for heterocycle halogenation. In this study, we examine and test the viability of possible nucleophilic substitution, SN2@X, mechanisms in the halogenat

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22

Seo, Sangwon. "Decarboxylative and direct functionalisations of aromatic compounds." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/decarboxylative-and-direct-functionalisations-of-aromatic-compounds(a9ddab1b-86a0-491e-a95b-d6b40c8bd7ab).html.

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Aromatic rings are privileged structures found in a diverse range of natural and synthetic compounds, thus synthetic methods for their functionalisations are important in organic synthesis. Despite significant advancements made, especially in the field of transition metal catalysis, work still continues for the development of milder, more efficient, and more atom economical reactions. We describe here our efforts towards the development of decarboxylative/direct C(aryl)–N and C(aryl)–C bond forming reactions using aromatic carboxylic acids and unfunctionalised arenes as cheap and widely availa

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23

Telu, Sanjay. "AN INVESTIGATION OF OXIDATITIVE-SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND OTHER ELECTRON-RICH AROMATIC COMPOUNDS WITH HYPERVALENT IODINE REAGENTS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1162492437.

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24

Mangion, Bernardino. "Extending and diverting the photochemical nucleophile-olefin combination, aromatic substitution (photo-NOCAS) reaction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ66652.pdf.

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25

Shah, Parin Ajay. "Synthesis of terpenoids using a tandem cationic cascade cyclization-electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6639.

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The terpene and terpenoid family of compounds is considered to be the largest group of natural products. These compounds not only display great diversity in their structural features but are also known to have a multitude of biological activities including but not limited to anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-HIV properties. Remarkably, all the terpenoids formed in nature come from two molecules viz. isopentenyl pyrophosphate and its isomer, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate both consisting of just five carbons but assembled in many ways. Nature utilizes highly efficient, enzym

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26

Serve', Brian J. "RUTHENIUM-MEDIATED NUCLEOPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION OF HALOGENS ON BENZENE SYSTEMS: SYNTHESIS OF 1,3,5-TRIAMINOBENZENES." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1152813193.

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27

Smith, Philip Henry Gaunt. "An investigation of the preparation of heterocyclic ring systems via intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1985. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10458.

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Heterocyclic synthesis via processes involving single electron transfer, namely aromatic SRN1 ,reactions and copper metal- and cuprous halide-promoted substitutions have been investigated. The cyclisation step in all the 'syntheses is effected by an intramolecular aromatic nucelophilic substitution on a halogen atom which is ortho to the side chain bearing the nucleophilic species (generally an amide or thioamide moiety). The process of entrainment has been shown to be a valuable technique for effecting reactions performed' under SRN1 conditions. The mechanisms of, and the mechanistic relation

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28

Schory, David Henry. "Quantum Chemical Investigations of Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions and Acid Dissociations of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1253480264.

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29

Conde, Amanda Solis. "Synthesis of 5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one derivatives by electrophilic aromatic substitution." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1547584724393162.

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30

Gumus, Selahaddin. "Secondary Electronic and Solvent Effects on Regiospecific P-Bromination of Aromatic Systems." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3031.

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Bromoarenes are important aromatic building blocks that are commonly used to synthesize various functional compounds in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and related industries.1,2 This great demand for bromoarenes makes their preparation a widely studied area of synthetic organic chemistry. However, further understanding of the reactivity and regiochemistry of aromatic functionalization reactions is still necessary, as much about the secondary substitution and solvent effects remain unknown. Resonance Theory is a widely used theoretical model to predict the regiospecifity and reactivity of the bro

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31

Leeming, S. W. "An investigation of those structural features necessary for copper-promoted nucleophilic substitution of aromatic halogen compounds by cyanide ion." Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373239.

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32

Modekrutti, Subrahmanyam. "UNHINDERED TRIANGULENE SALT PAIRS: SUBSTITUTION-DEPENDENT CONTACT ION PAIRING AND COMPLEX SOLVENT-SEPARATED DISCOTIC IONS IN SOLUTION." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/chemistry_etds/50.

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This work sought to enforce aromatic interactions between compatible π-molecular orbital systems with ionic bonding. In this case the interacting partners are oppositely charged discotic triangulene derivatives. The observed properties of the heterodimeric ion-pairs likely arise due to a hypothetical synergy between electrostatics and π-interactions. The work presented here describes investigation of putative covalency arising from this hypothetical synergy in the electrostatics driven π-stacking. In order to probe this, various hypotheses were made and experiments were designed to test their

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33

Brown, James John. "Organic reactivity and through-space effects." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16244.

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Chapter 1 presents a mini-review of the prominent theoretical models which are employed in the prediction of the outcome of organic chemical reactions. The chapter covers the most widely used empirical and semi-empirical models, as well as some more recently developed models. Most have a common theme in that they were developed using electrophilic aromatic substitution as a model reaction. Chapter 2 describes the development of a predictive model based on the average local ionisation energy. The model is shown to be of use in predicting both the regioselectivity and relative reactivity of a wi

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34

Wang, Yongfeng. "SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE-PROPERTY STUDIES OF ORGANIC MATERIALS CONTAINING FLUORINATED AND NON-FLUORINATED # SYSTEMS (SMALL MOLECULES AND POLYMERS)." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/593.

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Loline alkaloids (LA) are secondary metabolites produced by Epichloandamp;euml; (anamorph, Neotyphodium) grass endophytes. They are toxic and deterrent to a broad range of herbivorous insects but not to livestock. This protective bioactivity has spurred considerable research into the LA biosynthetic pathway. LOL, the gene cluster containing nine genes, is required for LA biosynthesis. The regulation of LOL genes during LA production in culture and in symbio is of interest. In this study, coordinate regulation between LOL gene expression and LA production level was investigated in both MM cultu

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35

Campbell, Joseph Patrick. "Toward Macromolecular Shape And Size Control: Novel Enantioselective Nitrations And Iterative Exponential Growth Methods For Polymer Synthesis." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1090.

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Chirality is a key principle in organic chemistry. All chiral compounds are non-superimposable mirror images of each other and therefore lack an improper axis of rotation (Sn). These mirror images often have identical properties in an achiral environment, however when two chiral molecules interact, they produce different shapes and properties. Nature, to this extent takes advantage of this aspect through unique formation of shape defined biological macromolecules that are tailored to carry out various life processes. This level of shape control is only made possible because of natural chiral m

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36

Herblot, Martin. "Synthèse et caractérisation de monomères téléchéliques précurseurs de polymères thermostables de type PEKK." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAM0009.

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Le développement d'une nouvelle voie de synthèse de poly(éther cétone cétone),polymères thermostables, a été étudiée pour des matériaux composites à matrice thermoplastique obtenus par le procédé de moulage par injection de résine RTM. Pour cela,nous nous sommes orientés vers une polymérisation par couplage réactif entre des monomères difonctionnels et des agents de couplage. Neuf monomères X-EKKE-X avec différentes extrémités réactives ont été synthétisés par acylation de Friedel-Crafts ou substitution nucléophile aromatique puis caractérisés structurellement et thermiquement.Des essais de co

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37

Buquoi, John Quentin III. "Exploration Using Reaction Temperature to Tailor the Degree of Order in Micro-Block Copolymer Proton Exchange Membranes." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1274493418.

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38

Liu, Jiangqiong. "Kinetic Studies of 6-Halopurine Nucleoside in SNAr Reactions; 6-(Azolyl, Alkylthio and Fluoro)-purine Nucleosides as Substrates for Suzuki Reactions." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1821.pdf.

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39

Zheng, Huaiben. "Kinetics and mechanism of the hydrolysis and nucleophilic attachment/substitution of transition metal carbene complexes : kinetics of carbon proton transfers that lead to aromatic anions /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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40

Nguyen, Thi Thanh Thuy. "Métallation chimiosélective des azobenzènes. Substitution nucléophile aromatique des acides naphtoïques en présence de ligands chiraux." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1035.

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Cette thèse comporte deux parties indépendantes. La première étude présente les premiers exemples de métallation de la structure azobenzène par les réactifs organométalliques polaires. Largement utilisés en tant que colorants, les azobenzènes trouvent actuellement de nombreuses applications dans le domaine des matériaux en raison de leur facile photoisomerisation E/Z. Il est montré que les bases organométalliques polaires classiques (n-BuLi, n-BuLi/TMEDA, n-BuLi/t-BuOK, TMPMgCl.LiCl, LDA) ne métallent pas l’azobenzène parent mais réduisent plutôt la liaison N=N. Cependant la métallation est po

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41

Pichette, drapeau Martin. "Nouvelles méthodes de synthèse pour la formation de liaisons C(aryl)-hétéroatome et C(aryl)-C par réactions de substitution nucléophile aromatique et vinylique." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0005.

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L'objectif central de notre thèse de doctorat visait l'utilisation d'halogénures d'aryles en tant qu'électrophiles dans des réactions de substitution nucléophile aromatique (SNAr). D'abord, nous avons cherché à former des liaisons C(aryl) hétéroatome par réaction entre des nucléophiles hétéroatomiques et des halogénures d'aryles substitués par des groupements électro-attracteurs. Les résultats de cette étude ont été comparés à des incohérences relevées dans la littérature et montrent que l'ordre de réactivité d'halogénures d'aryles communément accepté n'est pas toujours respecté. Un effet posi

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42

Fetters, Hannah. "Functionalized PEEK Analogues from 2,4- and 3,5- Difluorobenzophenone Derivatives." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1559497023409191.

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43

Dehbi, Oussama. "Synthèse de nouveaux dérivés pyridopyrimidiniques, imidazopyridiniques et imidazopyridaziniques : évaluation de leurs propriétés biologiques." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2078/document.

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Les produits appartenant à la famille des pyridopyrimidines sont caractérisés par leur intense utilisation dans le domaine pharmacologique, ce qui a poussé différentes équipes de recherche, de par le monde, à les étudier chimiquement et biologiquement. Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés au groupe des pyridopyrimidines et, plus particulièrement, à l’isomère le moins décrit dans la littérature, à savoir les pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidines. Les composés ciblés sont synthétisés à partir de la 2,7-dichloropyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine, via des substitutions nucléophiles aromatiques et des couplages pa

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44

Labadi, Adnan Ghaleb Mohammed al. "Nucleophilic aromatic substitution by [18F]fluoride and its applications to the synthesis of model precursors for the multi-step synthesis of the PET-tracer 6-[18F]fluoro-L-DOPA." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980292638.

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45

Cook, Teresa L. "Developing Green One-Step Organic Reactions in the High Speed Ball Mill." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397736534.

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46

HADDAD-FAHED, OMAIMA. "Catalyse micellaire de reactions de substitution nucleophile aromatique comportant des reactifs electriquement charges." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066419.

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47

Chan, Mary S. W. "Factors influencing the regiochemistry of nucleophilic addition to the radical cation of alkenes and dienes studied in the context of the photochemical nucleophile-olefin combination, aromatic substitution (photo-NOCAS) reaction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ36574.pdf.

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48

Bielawski, Marcin. "Efficient and High-Yielding Routes to Diaryliodonium Salts." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7969.

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49

Le, Tin Thanh. "Métallation et substitution nucléophile aromatique des acides benzoïques non protégés : application à la synthèse totale de l’apogossypol." Thesis, Le Mans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEMA1016/document.

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Dans le cadre d’un projet général concernant l’étude de la réactivité des acidesbenzoïques non protégés avec les organométalliques, la synthèse totale d’analoguesstructuraux de l’apogossypol mettant en jeu des réactions de métallation aromatique a étéétudiée ainsi que la réaction de substitution nucléophile aromatique des acides benzoïquesortho-fluorés et ortho-méthoxylés.Le gossypol, (1,1’,6,6’,7,7’-hexahydroxy-5,5’-di-iso-propyl-3,3’-diméthyl-2,2’-binaphtalène-8,8’-dicarboxaldéhyde), pigment principal des graines du cotonnier, existe sousla forme de deux atropoisomères et possède de multiple

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50

Chen, Zhongrui. "Azacalixphyrines : émergence d'une nouvelle famille de tétraazamacrocycles aromatiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4074.

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Les travaux de thèse présentés dans ce mémoire ont ciblé trois familles de molécules π-conjuguées et s’inscrivent plus particulièrement dans le développement de la chimie des amino-azacalixarènes et des dérivés de phénazine, et d’une nouvelle classe de tétraazamacrocycles aromatiques appelés « azacalixphyrine ». Ces composés étant émergents dans la littérature, nous avons volontairement porté nos efforts sur la synthèse et la compréhension de ces nouveaux systèmes π-conjugués afin d’élaborer de nouvelles voies de synthèse mais aussi, le cas échéant, d’établir des relations structure / propriét

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