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Academic literature on the topic 'Arqueas metanogênicas'
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Journal articles on the topic "Arqueas metanogênicas"
Callado, Nelia Henriques, Marcia Helena Zamariolli Damianovic, and Eugenio Foresti. "Influência da razão DQO/[SO 4 2- ] e da concentração de Na + na remoção de matéria orgânica e sulfato em reator UASB." Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 22, no. 2 (November 21, 2016): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-41522016140811.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Arqueas metanogênicas"
Pereira, Edson Rivelino. "Desempenho e caracterização microbiana do processo de dois estágios com reatores anaeróbios de fluxo ascendente com manta de lodo (UASB) tratando águas residuárias de suinocultura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-26022007-170703/.
Full textTwo bench scale UASB reactors (volumes of 39,0 and 10,5 L) were operated in sequence, fed with swine wastewater with total suspended solids (TSS) concentration around 5000 mg/L in the first reactor, with controlled temperature (from 25 to 30 Celsius degrees) and operating with hydraulic detention time (HDT) in the first reactor varying from 62 to 16 h and in the second reactor from 16 to 4 h. The objective was to evaluate the performance and to characterize physically and microbiologically the sludge from UASB reactors operated in two stages treating swine wastewater. The results obtained in phase 1, with HDT of 62 h in the first reactor and TSS in the influent of 5240 mg/L, presented total COD removal efficiencies of 86% and 59% and TSS reduction efficiency of 82% and 57%, in the first and second reactors, respectively. The removal efficiency of total COD and TSS in the system, in phase 1, was 95% and 94%, respectively. In the phase 2, using HDT of 31 h in the first reactor and TSS of 5000 mg/L in the influent, it was observed a total COD removal efficiency of 86% and 43% and TSS reduction efficiency of 85% and 58%, in the first and second reactors, respectively. The system removal efficiency of total COD and TSS in phase 2, was 92% and 94%, respectively. In phase 3, with a HDT of 16 h in the first reactor and TSS of 5490 mg/L in the influent, it was observed a total COD removal efficiency of 73% and 23% and TSS reduction efficiency of 65% and 20%, in the first and second reactors, respectively. The total COD removal efficiency and TSS reduction efficiency in the system, in phase 3, was 79% and 73%, respectively. The volumetric organic loading rate (VOLR) applied in the first reactor, in phase 1, was 4,55 kg total COD/\'M POT.3\'.d, in phase 2 was 8,75 kg total COD/\'M POT.3\'.d and in phase 3 was 18,65 kg total COD/\'M POT.3\'.d. The \'CH IND.4\' production in the first reactor was from 17,50 to 68,20 L \'CH IND.4\'/d and in the second reactor from 1,62 to 5,50 L \'CH IND.4\'/d decreasing the HDT in the experiment phases. The UASB reactor installed in sequence were efficient in the dissolved fraction removal and, mainly, to the fraction due to the TSS influent concentration. The total VOL value of 4,55 kg COD/\'M POT.3\'.d was measured in the first reactor, it was achieved TSS and total COD removal efficiencies above 90% and dissolved COD above 85%. For the OVL of 18,65 kg COD/\'M POT.3\'.d in the first reactor the TSS and total COD removal were above 70% and dissolved COD above 75%. The larger methane specific production was obtained with a total VOL of 2,55 kg COD/\'M POT.3\'.d in the second reactor and 8.65 kg COD/\'M POT.3\'.d in the first reactor. The UASB reactors operation with the TSS concentration values of 5000 mg/L in the influent was prejudicing the sludge granulation process. The granules present a microbial morphology disperse distribution that doesn\'t characterize a layers defined distribution. The predominant metonogenic archeas were similar to Methanosaeta.
Hirasawa, Julia Sumiko. "Avaliação da comunidade microbiana anaeróbia em reator sulfetogênico utilizando a hibridação in situ com sondas fluorescentes (FISH)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-16122015-150841/.
Full textThis research reports an anaerobic microbial characterization of both, a horizontal differential anaerobic and a batch reactors, operated at sulfidogenic and mesofilic conditions at 30ºC. The differential reactors were filled with four support materials (polyurethane foam, vegetable coal, recycled polyethylene of low density and alumin based porous ceramic) aiming the selection of a more appropriated support for optimization of sulfidogenic processes (ratio COD/sulfate of approximately 0.67). Differential reactors were fed daily with synthetic sewage, containing approximately 1000 mg/L of COD and 1500 mg/L of sulfate concentrations, during 28 days of operation. Microbial characterization was accomplished using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), optic and scanning electronic microscopy. It was realized a quantification, in percentages, of microorganisms belong to Bacteria Domain (EUB338), Archaea Domain (ARC915) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) of delta subdivision Proteobacteria (SRB385). Differential reactors have shown predominance of bacteria in all the support materials studied. Differential reactors operated with foam and coal presented the greatest percentages of SRB, with values equal to 57.6% and 69.7%, respectively. The ceramic was the material that presented the best equilibrium of bacteria and methanogenic archaea, with 59.6% and 40.9%, respectively. Batch reactors were operated with polyurethane foam and vegetable coal with COD/sulfate ratio of approximately 3. Percentages of SRB quantified by FISH were equals to 65.3% and 69.1% for foam and coal, respectively. In both reactors the vegetable coal have shown to be the most favorable material to sulfidogenesis.
Corrêa, Regiane Cristina. "Avaliação de procedimentos para determinação do número e atividade de microrganismos anaeróbios procariontes em amostras de biorreatores operados para a estabilização de resíduos sólidos urbanos padronizados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-13072018-102000/.
Full textThree different treatments were applied to samples from three anaerobic biodigestion systems operated with standardized municipal solid waste to promote the release of microbial cells adhered to fibers and other materials, resulting in a more homogeneous inoculum to cellular counting. The following treatments were applied to the samples: a) suspension in phosphate buffer followed by blending; b) mechanical and hand homogenization in anaerobic mineral solution; c) sonication in ultrasound bath. The Most Probable Number (MPN) technique was employed to evaluate the populations of cellulolytic bacteria and methanogenic Archaea, in mineral medium containing powdered cellulose. The populations of both groups of microorganisms were close to 102 cells/mL independently of the treatment applied to release the cells and no clear distinction among them could be made concerning their efficiencies. In view of this fact the ultrasound treatment was employed in all other determinations due to its simple execution. Two anaerobic bioreactors operated with standardized municipal solid waste were monitored to evaluate the reliability of sonication as a procedure for cell release, to determine microorganism populations (cellulolytic, acetogenic bacteria and methanogenic Archaea) and to evaluate the microbial anaerobic activity concerning the biodegradation of the standardized municipal solid waste. Cellulolytic bacteria and methanogenic Archaea had similar populations (lower than 103 cells/mL) as well as acetogenic and methanogenic microorganisms (up to 103 cells/mL). The increase in the methanogenic population could be directly related to the increase of methane production in the studied reactor. The morphological types which predominate in the microscopic examinations of the biodigestion systems were curved and straight rods and sarcina. The tubes for MPN countings showed the presence of rods, coccus and sarcina for cellulolytic bacteria; rods, tick rods, coccus and sarcina for acetogenic bacteria and fluorescent rods and sarcina for methanogenic Archaea. The evolution of the anaerobic biodigestion process in the latter two monitored systems was very similar to the one proposed by BARLAZ et al. ( 1989b) where the number of cellulolytic bacteria and methanogenic Archaea increase during the accelerated methane phase. The total content of solids decreased 50% during the process and the volatile acidity decreased from 27,5 g acetic acid/L to 8,79 g acetic acid/L.
Alves, Kelly Jaqueline. "Comunidades de arquéias metanogênicas em diferentes usos dos solos da Amazônia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-03052018-170659/.
Full textAmazonian forest conversion into agricultural and livestock areas disrupts processes related to carbon stock, being considered, after the fossil fuels burning, the activity contributes most to greenhouse gases emission, of which is methane. Methane production is mediated by methanogenic archaea, acting in organic matter anaerobic decomposition. Therefore, to understand the changes in the flow of this gas in the Amazonian ecosystem, it is necessary to study microbial communities involved in this process. This study aims to monitor and characterize methanogenic archaeal communities by population enrichment from soil samples collected in primary, secondary and pasture of the Amazon region. Soil samples were placed into an enriched medium and received separately acetate, methanol, and H2:CO2 to stimulate the three metabolism types: acetoclastic, methylotrophic and hydrogenotrophic. Monitoring was performed by methane emission analysis by gas chromatography, mcrA quantification by the quantitative PCR and the community characterization was performed by microscopy and sequencing of the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Analyzing the methane emission by the three types of carbon sources in the three soil samples, methanol enrichments presented a higher methane yield than the acetate samples and much larger than cultures with H2:CO2. These results indicate that methylotrophic pathway, although considered as an alternative, may be important in methane production in the Amazonian soil. Was possible to quantify the mcrA gene by qPCR from pasture samples at the initial incubation time, which was not possible for forest samples. In incubation final time, copies number of this gene was similar for the three soil profiles. The phenotypic characterization of enrichments revealed aggregated cells, characteristic of the genus Methanosarcina, later identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The cells in rod-shaped and cocci formats were also observed. Was identify by sequencing 7 different methanogenic archaeas groups affiliated with Euryarchaeota and Bathyarchaeota phylum. In the initial pasture samples, were identified sequences affiliated with all these groups, while forest samples presented sequences affiliated with only a Methanosarcina genus. Pasture samples showed a final community composition similar to initial, however more abundant. Soil samples enrichment from primary and secondary forest presented a distinct composition due to groups enrichment that was not identified at incubation beginning. These results showed that although methanogenic archaeas are in low abundance in forest soils, they can be enriched when submitted to favorable conditions, archive methane production and reaching similar composition pasture samples.
Araujo, Ana Carolina Vieira. "Diversidade molecular de arqueias em sedimentos de rios da Amazônia e caracterização de espécies metanogênicas cultivadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-13082010-162741/.
Full textHigh positive fluxes of methane to the atmosphere have been detected in the Amazonian region. Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas and microorganisms belonging to the Archaea domain are responsible for approximately 70% of the total methane emitted to the atmosphere annually. The objective of this work was to characterize the Archaea diversity in two sites at Madeira and Floresta rivers sediments using molecular techniques and the culturing of methanogenic archaea. Most sequences obtained in the libraries from both rivers belonged to the Crenarchaeota domain, and around half of them presented less than 97% of similarity to sequences available in databases, revealing the existence of new archaea groups yet to be described in the literature. Cells belonging to the Methanosarcinaceae and Methanobacteriaceae families were detected in the enrichment cultures from Madeira River through the use of RNA fluorescent probes. Strains of Methanosarcina sp. and Methanobacterium sp. are being maintained under laboratory conditions. The great diversity of uncultured Archaea found emphasizes the need to study this group, mainly its physiology and, consequently, its role in the diverse environments they occupy.
Duda, Rose Maria [UNESP]. "Desempenho de sistema composto por reatores anaeróbios em série seguido de filtro biológico percolador no tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103924.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Avaliou-se o desempenho de um reator anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente com manta de lodo (UASB) seguido de um filtro anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente, instalados em série, com volume total de 300 L e 190 L, respectivamente, no tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura. As cargas orgânicas volumétricas aplicadas no reator UASB foram de 9,2 a 26,7 g DQOtotal (L d)-1. Para o pós-tratamento do efluente do sistema de tratamento anaeróbio utilizou-se um filtro biológico percolador (FBP) com volume total de 250 L. O meio suporte utilizado no filtro anaeróbio e no FBP foi composto por anéis de bambu e anéis de eletroduto plástico corrugado. As cargas hidráulicas superficiais (Qs) aplicadas no FBP variaram de 3,5 a 21,1 m3 (m2 d)-1. Os tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH) aplicados no sistema de tratamento anaeróbio e pós-tratamento foram de 23,3 a 66,6 h. As produções volumétricas de metano no sistema de tratamento anaeróbio variaram de 0,16 a 0,68 L CH4 (L reator d)-1. Foram observadas eficiências médias de remoção de até 97% para a demanda química de oxigênio total, de 98% para os sólidos suspensos totais, de 78% para o nitrogênio total, de 79% para o fósforo total, de 99,9% para o cobre, de 99,9% para o zinco e de 99,99% para os coliformes termotolerantes, no sistema de tratamento anaeróbio e póstratamento. Com a utilização de diferentes fontes de substrato no ensaio de atividade da microbiota, observou-se o crescimento equilibrado das populações hidrolíticas, acidogênicas, acetogênicas e metanogênicas acetoclásticas e hidrogenotróficas no lodo dos reatores anaeróbios. Com a aplicação da técnica de biologia molecular (metagenômica) foram identificadas no lodo do reator UASB e do filtro anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente arquéias metanogênicas das famílias Methanomicrobiaceae, Methanobacteriacea, Methanosaetaceae e Methanosarcinaceae.
The performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) followed of the anaerobic filter, installed in series, were evaluated for the treatment of swine wastewater. The total volume of UASB and anaerobic filter were of 300 L and 190 L, respectively. The organic load rate applied on the reactor UASB were of 9.2 to 26.7 g total COD (L d)-1, in the start and assays 1, 2, 3 and 4. For the post-treatment of effluent the anaerobic system was used a trickling filter, with total volume of 250 L. The supports used in the anaerobic filter and trickling filter were composed by bamboo rings in the start up and assays 1 to 2 and plastics rings in the assays 3 to 4. The hydraulic load applied on the trickling filter were of 3.5 to 21.1 m3 (m2 d)-1. The hydraulic detetion time (HDT) applied of system anaerobic and post treatment were 23.3 at 66.6 h. The volumetric methane productions ranged from 0.16 a 0.68 L CH4 (L reactor d)-1. The efficiencies of removal the chemical oxygen demand, total solids suspended, copper, zinc and fecal coliforms were of up to 97, 98, 78, 79, 99.9, 99.9 e 99.99%, respectively, for the anaerobic and post-treatment. With the use of different substratum sources in the assays of specific methanogenic activity, it was observed the balanced growth of the populations of microorganisms in the sludge of anaerobic reactor. The archaeas of the families Methanomicrobiaceae, Methanobacteriaceae; Methanosaetaceae and Methanosarcinaceae were identified in the sludge of the reactor UASB and of the anaerobic filter.
Junior, Aureo Evangelista Santana. "Vinhaça em reatores anaeróbios horizontais de alta taxa, em série : efeito do aumento gradual das cargas orgânicas volumétricas na produção de biogás e nas populações microbianas /." Jaboticabal, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/158301.
Full textResumo: A importância da recuperação de recursos da vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar para fins de produção de energia associado à sua destinação adequada é uma política pública atual para o setor sucroenergético. Os reatores anaeróbios horizontais de leito fixo (RAHLF) têm vantagens construtivas, econômicas, operacionais e de desempenho no tratamento de efluentes complexos, mas ainda não foram estudados com a vinhaça. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar quatro RAHLF, em série (R1, R2, R3 e R4) no tratamento da vinhaça, com carga orgânica volumétrica (COV) 5 até 45 g DQOtotal (L d)-1 no R1 e com o uso da recirculação do efluente do R4. Com os RAHLF em série ocorreu estabilidade e, após a primeira entressafra, a retomada do sistema de tratamento, com aumento gradual da COV até valores elevados, foi bem sucedida. A partida do sistema com COV elevada, na segunda entressafra, provocou acidificação dos reatores e com a manutenção da recirculação do efluente a alcalinidade e o pH foram novamente apropriados para a digestão anaeróbia, o sistema foi recuperado e alcançou estabilidade. As maiores remoções de DQOtotal e produções de metano ocorreram no R1 e R2; no entanto, o R3 e R4 contribuíram para melhorar a estabilidade do sistema e atingir eficiência (60%) e conversão (0,24 L CH4 (g DQO removida)-1) mais altas sob COV elevada. As produções volumétricas de metano aumentaram com a COV e foram máximas com 20,0 g DQOtotal (L d)-1 no R1, alcançando valor de 1,07 L CH4 (L d)-1 no sistema e bio... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
Franco, Diego Armando Castillo. "Estudo da diversidade molecular de bactérias e arquéias e enriquecimento de comunidades metanogênicas em sedimentos marinhos antárticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-06122014-091409/.
Full textMarine sediment of the Antarctic Peninsula is a susceptible area to environmental changes. However, little is known about the microbial communities inhabiting this ecosystem, including its diversity, distribution and variations over time. The aim of this study was to determine the structure of microbial communities present in marine sediments of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, on the Antarctic Peninsula. Sediments from Admiralty Bay shown a predominance of the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria phyla. Temporal analysis revealed that microbial communities in sediment, near Ferraz station, are more stable compared to that in the sediments in areas of lower human activity. No variation on the community structure was observed in depth gradient, indicating tolerance to hydrostatic pressure variations. Heterotrophic organisms of the genera Psychrobacter, Psychromonas and Loktanella were the most abundant, suggesting a high concentration of organic matter in the sediment. Enrichment of methanogenic cultures enrichment yielded 1.70 mmol of CH4. This study suggests that conditions in sediments favoring metabolism of heterotrophic and psychrophilic organisms.
Sarti, Érika Lamaro. "Influência do oxigênio no crescimento de arquéias metanogênicas e bactérias redutoras de sulfato em reatores anaeróbios em batelada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-05062007-162213/.
Full textThis work aimed to evaluate the behavior of methanogenic archaea and sulfate reducing bacteria in the presence of oxygen, using anaerobic batch reactors under sulfidogenic and mesophilic conditions. The reactors were inoculated with anaerobic sludge from UASB reactor treating poultry wastes. Third copies of the reactors were fed with ZINDER medium, increased with sodium acetate, ethanol or sodium lactate and sodium sulfate, in order to get COD/sulfate ratio of 1,1-1,5. The headspace of the reactors was filled with \'N IND.2\' (100%) and increased with oxygen (OD concentration of 3-3.5 mg/L). The anaerobic control reactors were fed with the same organics substrates, however, the headspace was filled with \'N IND.2\'/\'CO IND.2\' (70/30%). The rates of methane production were 0.30 mmol/L.h, 0.41 mmol/L.h and 0.16 mmol/L.h, in acetate, ethanol and lactate controls reactors, respectively. In oxygen reactors, the rates of methane production were 0.27 mmol/L.h, 0.40 mmol/L.h and 0.08 mmol/L.h in acetate, ethanol and lactate reactors, respectively. The rates of sulfate reduction in acetate, ethanol and lactate reactors were 57% and 97%; 59.6% and 76.6%; 77.5% and 41.9%, respectively, in control reactors and oxygen reactors. In acetate and ethanol reactors, were verified predominance of Archaea domain in control reactors (59.2% and 58.8%) and oxygen reactors (60.7% and 54.5%), respectively. In lactate control reactor also was verified predominance of Archaea domain (56.2%), whereas in lactate oxygen reactors there was predominance of cells belonging to Bacteria domain (63.9%). BRS ratio in acetate, ethanol and lactate control reactors and oxygen reactors corresponded to 22% and 17.3%; 28% and 16.9%; 19.5% and 21.9%, respectively. The addition of oxygen didn\'t inhibit the methanogenesis and sulfate reduction in acetate reactors and in ethanol reactors.
Neves, Marta de Campos [UNESP]. "Produção in vitro de metano e análise da diversidade genética das Archaea metanogênicas do rúmen de bovinos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103925.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Estratégias para reduzir o aquecimento da Terra e aumentar a produção animal requerem novos sistemas, onde devem ser consideradas as emissões de metano e de outros gases que possam provocar danos ao meio ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a mensuração da produção de metano por arquéias e aplicação da metagenômica para detecção destas na fração sólida do conteúdo ruminal. Para a análise da produção de metano foi colhido o conteúdo ruminal seguido do preparo da solução a ser fermentada e armazenamento dos gases. A amplificação da região 168 rDNA foi obtida por PCR e a seguir foram feitas clonagem, seqüenciamento e análise das seqüências pelos programas Sequencing Analysis 3.4 e Phred/Phrap/Consed, submetendo-as ao programa BLA8T. Maiores produções de metano e relações acetato:propionato foram observadas nos tratamentos contendo 70% de volumoso. As análises do BLA8T permitiram identificar nos tratamentos com 70% e 30% de feno, 96 seqüências relacionadas à família Methanobacteriaceae, 47 seqüências a arquéias não cultiváveis e 60 seqüências foram de arquéias desconhecidas (T1), 125 seqüências relacionadas à família Methanobacteriaceae, 42 seqüências a arquéias não cultiváveis e 32 seqüências foram de arquéias não conhecidas (T2). Para os tratamentos feitos com 70% e 30% de silagem de milho, foram observadas 30 seqüências referentes à família Methanobacteriacea, 18 seqüências à família Methanomicrobiacea, 43 seqüências a arquéias não cultiváveis e 118 seqüências foram de arquéias desconhecidas (T3) e 173 seqüências referentes à família Methanobacteriacea, 31 seqüências a arquéias não cultiváveis e 25 seqüências foram de arquéias desconhecidas (T4). As análises deste experimento mostraram variação na produção de metano quanto às diferentes proporções V:C e a metagenômic...
Strategies to reduce the Earth worming and raise animal production require new systems, where it must be considered methane and other gases emission that might cause environmental damages. The aim of this work was to evaluate the archaea methane production and the metagenomic evaluation of these bacteria present on the solid phase of the bovine ruminal content. For methane production analysis the ruminar content was collected followed by the proper manipulation for the fermentation process to take place and produced gas storage. The ribosomal 16S rRNA region was obtained by PCR amplification which was followed by cloning and DNA sequencing. The data was later analyzed by the software Sequencing Analysis 3.4, Phred/Phrap/Consed and BLAST. The highest methane production and acetate:propionate ratios were observed for the treatments containing 70% of roughage. The BLAST analysis allowed to identify 96 DNA sequences related to the Methanobacteriaceae family, 47 DNA sequences related to unculturable archaea and 60 DNA sequences were related to unknown archaea (T1), 125 DNA sequences related to Methanobacteriaceae, 42 DNA sequences do unculturable archaea and 32 DNA sequences were considered related to unknown archaea (T2) for the treatments containing 70% and 30% of hay. For those containing 70% and 30% of com silage it was possible to detect 30 DNA sequences related to Methanobacteriaceae, 18 DNA sequences related to Methanomicrobiaceae, 43 sequences related to unculturable archaea, 118 DNA sequences related to unknown archaea (T3) and 173 DNA sequences related to Methanobacteriaceae, 31 sequences related to unculturable archaea, and 25 to unknown archaea (T4). The analysis carried out in this experiment have shown a variation of the methane production as different R:C ratio were used and metagenomic with the rDNA conserved region together with archaea taken from the ruminal content DNA... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)