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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Arrayed design'
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Lang, Ryan N. (Ryan Nathan). "Design of a high index contrast arrayed waveguide grating." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32314.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; and, (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2003.S.B. and S.M. theses issued separately.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-119).
Arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) are useful structures for the implementation of wavelength division multiplexing. The AWG consists of an input splitter, a dispersive waveguide array which creates the wavelength demultiplexing and multiplexing effects, and an output coupler. Because the dispersive waveguide array consists of bent waveguides, the size of an AWG is limited by the light loss in the bends. In their current form, silica-based gratings are too large to be made cheaply or to use as an integrated component. The proposed solution is to redesign the AWG using high index contrast materials for tight confinement of the waveguide modes and, consequently, low bend loss. A rough design is presented for a high index contrast AWG using multimode interference couplers as the coupling stages. The major components were simulated using finite difference time domain (FDTD) techniques to find low loss but rather high crosstalk. A second possible design is also presented, making use of a coupled waveguide array as the input element. The coupling coefficients of as many as 41 coupled waveguides were adjusted to create a Gaussian profile as an input to the dispersive section of the AWG. The output coupler, however, will make use of more standard free space diffraction techniques, making the overall concept a unique mixture of waveguide and free space optical elements.
by Ryan N. Lang.
S.B.
M.Eng.
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Calonico-Soto, Alicia. "Influence of optical crosstalk on WDM all-optical network design." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327077.
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Gargallo, Jaquotot Bernardo Andrés. "Advanced arrayed waveguide gratings: models, design strategies and experimental demonstration." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/74646.
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[EN] The present PhD thesis deals on the model, design and experimental demonstration of Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) with advanced features. Firstly, building upon existing AWG formulations, design equations are provided, libraries developed and all this is experimentally validated with devices in Indium Phosphide (InP) and Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technologies. Next, a model and experimental validation is reported for an Interleave-Chirped Arrayed Waveguide Grating (IC-AWG), which is able to process optical signals as WDM demultiplexer, polarization splitter and phase diversity component all in a single device. This device was fabricated and tested in InP technology. The second innovative AWG demonstrated in this thesis, a Reflective type (R-AWG), whose layout allows for tailoring the pass-band shape and to change the spectral resolution. A demonstration of design and fabrication for this device is provided in SOI technology. The last AWG with innovative concepts is one driven by Surface Acoustic Waves (AWG-SAW), where the spectral channels can be tuned by means of acousto-optic effect. The device was fabricated in Aluminium Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs) technology, and measurements are provided to validate the concept and design flow. In parallel this thesis has resulted in the development of different AWG layouts for a wide number of (generic) technologies and foundries, coded into design libraries, of use in a de-facto standard software employed for the design of photonic integrated circuits. These design libraries have been licensed to the UPV spin-off company VLC Photonics S.L.[ES] La presente tesis se ha centrado en el modelado, diseño y demostración experimental del dispositivo Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) con funcionalidades avanzadas. Primero, usando la formulación existente sobre AWGs se aportan ecuaciones y librerías de diseño, y se validan experimentalmente por medio de dispositivos fabricados en tecnologías de Indium Phosphide (InP) y Silicon-on-insulator (SOI). Después, se reporta un modelo y demostración experimental para un Interleave-Chirped Arrayed Waveguide Grating (IC-AWG), el cual es capaz de procesar señales ópticas como demultiplexor WDM, divisor de polarización y componente de diversidad de fase en un único dispositivo. Este dispositivo fue fabricado y probado en tecnología de InP. El segundo AWG innovador demostrado en esta tesis es de tipo Reflectante (R-AWG), cuyo diseño permite modificar la forma espectral del canal y cambiar su resolución espectral, incluyendo una demostración de diseño y fabricación de este dispositivo en tecnología de SOI. El último AWG que incluye conceptos innovadores es uno sintonizable por Acoustic Waves (AWGSAW), donde los canales espectrales pueden ser sintonizados por medio del efecto acusto-óptico. Dicho dispositivo fue fabricado en tecnología de Aluminium Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs), y se han incluido medidas experimentales para validar el concepto y el flujo de diseño. En paralelo junto con esta tesis se han desarrollado diferentes diseños para el AWG en un amplio número de tecnologías (genéricas) y plataformas de fabricación, implementadas en unas librerías de diseño para uno de los softwares m¿as utilizados para el diseño de circuitos integrados ópticos, siendo actualmente el estándar de facto. Dichas librerías de diseño han sido licenciadas a la compañía VLC Photonics S.L., spin-off de la UPV.
[CAT] La present tesi ha estat centrada en el modelatge, disseny i demostració experimental del dispositiu Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) amb funcionalitats avançades. Primer, usant la formulació existent sobre AWGs s'aporten equacions i llibreries de disseny, i es validen experimentalment per mitjà de dispositius fabricats en tecnologies de Indium Phosphide (InP) i Silicon-on-insulator (SOI). Després, es reporta un model i demostració experimental per a un Interleave-Chirped Arrayed Waveguide Grating (IC-AWG), el qual és capaç de processar senyals òptiques com demultiplexor WDM, divisor de polarització i component de diversitat de fase en un únic dispositiu. Aquest dispositiu va ser fabricat i provat en tecnologia de InP. El segon AWG innovador demostrat en aquesta tesi és de tipus Reflector (R-AWG), amb un disseny que permet modificar la forma espectral del canal i canviar la seua resolució espectral, incloent una demostració de disseny i fabricació d'aquest dispositiu en tecnologia de SOI. L'últim AWG que inclou conceptes innovadors és un sintonitzable per Acoustic Waves (AWG-SAW), on els canals espectrals poden ser sintonitzats per mitjà de l'efecte acusto-òptic. Aquest dispositiu va ser fabricat en tecnologia de Aluminium Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs), i s'han inclòs mesures experimentals per validar el concepte i el flux de disseny. En paral.lel juntament amb aquesta tesi s'han desenvolupat diferents dissenys per al AWG en un ampli nombre de tecnologies (genèriques) i plataformes de fabricació, implementades en unes llibreries de disseny per a un dels programaris més utilitzats per al disseny de circuits integrats òptics, sent actualment l'estàndard de facto. Aquestes llibreries de disseny han estat llicenciades a la companyia VLC Photonics S.L., spin-off de la UPV.
Gargallo Jaquotot, BA. (2016). Advanced arrayed waveguide gratings: models, design strategies and experimental demonstration [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/74646
TESIS
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Cheng, Yajuan. "Synthesis of well arrayed structures with assistance of statistical experimental design." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-172938.
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During the synthesis of well arrayed nano/micro structures through wet chemical methods, plenty of parameters are usually involved. Consequently, it is extremely time- and cost-consuming to find out the optimized synthesis conditions by using the conventional "changing one separate factor at a time" (COST) strategy. Instead, the "statistical experimental design" method has been proven in a few works to be an efficient method for experiments involving many parameters. With this method, the responses could be optimized efficiently by using only a few experiments. Besides, several responses can be optimized simultaneously. Also, models could be built up and the changing tendency can be plotted to predict the required experimental settings for specific tasks. Two types of well arrayed structures including monolayer arrays of silica spheres and vertically aligned ZnO rod arrays were investigated in this work. Monolayer arrays of silica spheres were synthesized by using a dual-speed spin coating method. With assistance of statistical experimental design, the accelerating rate, the second rotation speed and time of the dual-speed spin coating system were found as non-significant parameters to the ordering degree of the obtained monolayer, and thus they can be fixed. This finding could remarkably increase the feasibility of optimizing the practical process. On the other hand, the relative humidity, the first rotation speed and the suspension concentration are identified as the significant parameters to the structures of the monolayer. Moreover, the optimal values for these three parameters were identified: 23% for the relative humidity, 1000 rpm for the first rotation speed and 30 wt.% for the suspension concentration. With these optimized parameters, the area of the obtained silica sphere monolayers reached over 1 cm2 and the defect-free domain size reached over 4000 μm2. These values are considerably higher compared to the previously reported values. Vertically aligned ZnO rod arrays were fabricated by chemical bath deposition. Parameters including precursor concentration, pH value, reaction temperature, reaction time and addition of capping agent were optimized by using statistical experimental design to improve and optimize the growth quality of ZnO rod arrays. Through several stages of optimization, the growth quality of the obtained structures was remarkably enhanced from sparse or clustered ZnO rods to upright and dense ZnO rods. The boundary conditions to achieve vertically aligned ZnO rods, such as a neutral solution and a precursor concentration over 0.02M, were determined. The changing tendency of the texture coefficient and aspect ratio with the factors was also plotted to predict the required experimental settings for specific requests. The points or regions to achieve the optimal properties were identified as well. For instance, the concentration should be as close as to 0.1 M, while the reaction temperature should be limited to 80-90 ◦C, to achieve the ideal preferential growth. With the optimized parameters, the texture coefficient reached almost the perfect value 1, and the aspect ratio was elevated to 21. Moreover, to obtain a dense ZnO thin film, tri-sodium citrate was added to the reaction system. The diameter was systematically controlled through varying the parameters. When both the diameter and the texture coefficient reached the optimal values, the rods were merged together to form a dense ZnO thin film. Furthermore, comments on the statistical experimental method are proposed, and both the advantages and disadvantages are presented according to the present thesis work. This might help the researchers to avoid the disadvantages and thus to employ this method more efficiently in the future.QC 20150903
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Park, Jong-Jin. "Design of a new arrayed temperature sensor system and thermal interface materials /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7062.
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Modjewski, Matthew J. "Design, Synthesis and Study of the Bridged and Cofacially-Arrayed Poly-P-Phenylene Molecular Wires." [Milwaukee, Wis.] : e-Publications@Marquette, 2009. http://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/21.
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FEARING, CHRISTOPHER JAMES. "IMAGING SENSORS WITH DATA COMMUNICATIONS CAPABILITIES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1141352420.
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Liu, Liu. "Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Nano-Photonic Components Based on Silicon and Plasmonic Material." Doctoral thesis, Kista : School of Information and Communication Technology, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan (KTH), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4193.
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Balog, Michael Rosen Warren A. "The automated compilation of comprehensive hardware design search spaces of algorithmic-based implementations for FPGA design exploration /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1770.
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Terrell, Stephen John. "Design of a bistatic nearfield array for an expanded volume." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-03172005-140730/unrestricted/terrell%5Fstephen%5Fj%5F200505%5Fmast.PDF.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.Rogers, Peter, Committee Chair ; Ginsberg, Jerry, Committee Member ; Trivett, David, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.
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Dowlut, Naushad Hussein. "Superresolution array design." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266213.
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Laue, Heinrich Edgar Arnold. "Design of compressive antenna arrays." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73316.
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Reduced-control antenna arrays reduce the number of controls required for beamforming while maintaining a given array aperture. A reduced-control array for direction finding (DF), inspired by the concept of compressive sensing (CS), was recently proposed which uses random compression weights for combining antenna-element signals into fewer measurements. However, this compressive array had not been studied in terms of traditional characteristics such as directivity, sidelobe level (SLL) or beamwidth. In this work, random compression weights are shown to be suboptimal and a need for the optimisation of compressive arrays is expressed. Existing codebook optimisation algorithms prove to be the best starting point for the optimisation of compressive arrays, but are computationally complex. A computationally efficient codebook optimisation algorithm is proposed to address this problem, which inspires the compressive-array optimisation algorithm to follow. Compressive antenna arrays are formulated as a generalisation of reduced-control arrays and a framework is presented for their optimisation in terms of SLL. By allowing arbitrary compression weights, compressive arrays are shown to improve on existing reduced-control techniques. A feed network consisting of interconnected couplers and fixed phase shifters is proposed, enabling the implementation of compressive arrays in microwave hardware. The practical feasibility of compressive arrays is illustrated by successfully manufacturing a 3-GHz prototype compressive array with integrated antenna elements.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
PhD
Unrestricted
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Tan, Zhou. "Design of a Reconfigurable Pulsed Quad-Cell for Cellular-Automata-Based Conformal Computing." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29176.
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This paper presents the design of a reconfigurable asynchronous unit, called the pulsed quad-cell (PQ-cell), for conformal computing. The conformal computing vision is to create computational materials that can conform to the physical and computational needs of an application. PQ-cells, like cellular automata, are assembled into arrays with nearest neighbor communication and are capable of general computation. They operate asynchronously to minimize power consumption and to allow sealing without the limitations imposed by a global clock. Cell operations are stimulated by pulses which use two wires to encode a data bit. Cells are individually reconfirgurable to perform logic, move and store information, and coordinate parallel activity. The PQ-cell design targets a 0.25 ?m CMOS technology. Simulation results show that a PQ-cell, when pulsed at 1.3 GHz, consumes 16.9 pJ per operation. Examples of self-timed multi-cell structures include a 98 MHz ring oscillator and a 385 MHz pipeline.
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Wanner, Shannon. "Phased array system design." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3383372.
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Hadjinicolaou, M. G. "Synthesis of programmable logic arrays." Thesis, Brunel University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371168.
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Buxton, Carey G. "Design of a Broadband Array Using the Foursquare Radiating Element." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28363.
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Broadband scanning arrays require small element spacing over a broad frequency band to achieve the desired scan capabilities. Previous research has concentrated on the development of small broadband elements to meet the demands of broadband arrays. However, mutual coupling between elements in a tightly spaced array can change the operating frequency and bandwidth from that of the single isolated element. Several research efforts have focused on minimizing the mutual coupling to maintain the frequency response of the single isolated element. This dissertation focuses on using the strong coupling between Foursquare antennas to obtain the broadband frequency response while maintaining a small element spacing.
The isolated Foursquare antenna was modeled using an in-house FDTD code. The modeled current distribution over the frequency band of operation revealed how the antenna achieved a broadband frequency response. Because of this understanding of the single element, the downward shift in the frequency response of the Foursquare antenna in a fully active array could be anticipated. Furthermore, the infinite array models of the Foursquare revealed an increase in bandwidth. Both are desirable characteristics for a broadband scanning array. Therefore, through this research using the Foursquare element, it has been shown that the strong mutual coupling in a tightly spaced array can have advantages if initially taken into consideration when designing the array.Ph. D.
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Southwell, David Thomas. "Columnar array networks." Thesis, University of York, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297157.
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Luk, W. "Parametrised design of regular processor arrays." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329919.
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Van, Heerden Hein. "The design and testing of a superconducting programmable gate array." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1644.
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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.This thesis investigates to the design, analysis and testing of a Superconducting Programmable Gate Array (SPGA). The objective was to apply existing programmable logic concepts to RSFQ circuits and in the process develop a working prototype of a superconducting programmable logic device. Various programmable logic technologies and architectures were examined and compared to find the best solution. Using Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) circuits as building blocks, a complete functional design was assembled incorporating a routing architecture and logic blocks. The Large-Scale Integrated circuit (LSI) layout of the final chip is presented and discussed followed by a discussion on testing. This thesis demonstrates the successful implementation of a fully functional reprogrammable logic device using RSFQ circuitry.
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Evans, Michael Andrew. "Integrated design and test of VLSI regular arrays." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262004.
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Seneviratne, Vishwa. "Design and Rapid-prototyping of Multidimensional-DSP Beamformers Using the ROACH-2 FPGA Platform." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1488149940846702.
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Hall, Tyson Stuart. "Field-Programmable Analog Arrays: A Floating-Gate Approach." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07122004-124607/unrestricted/hall%5Ftyson%5Fs%5F200407%5Fphd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. Directed by David Anderson.Prvulovic, Milos, Committee Member ; Citrin, David, Committee Member ; Lanterman, Aaron, Committee Member ; Yalamanchili, Sudhakar, Committee Member ; Hasler, Paul, Committee Member ; Anderson, David, Committee Chair. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hinostroza, Israel. "Design of wideband arrays of spiral antennas." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830469.
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This work focuses on the design of wideband dual polarized arrays using spiral antennas. These antennas are known for having wideband properties. But, due to the presence of the grating lobes, the bandwidth is decreased when using an array instead of a single antenna. In order to obtain a dual polarized array, it is needed to use elements of opposite polarization, which creates great distances between same polarization elements, meaning an earlier presence of the grating lobes. In this work, an analytic method was developed to estimate the bandwidth of the spiral arrays. This method showed that the maximum bandwidth of uniform spiral arrays is about an octave, for the mono-polarized case, and nonexistent for the dual polarized case. Working on the validation of the method, some resonances were observed. Explanations are presented, as well as possible solutions. Trying to expand the bandwidth of the array, it was found that it is possible and suitable to use at the same time the two current design paradigms for wideband arrays. Using this idea, a 6:1 bandwidth concentric rings array using connected spirals was achieved. Perspectives are also presented.
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Messa, Norman C. "Design implementation into field programmable gate arrays." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26451.
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Hunter, William. "Actuator disk methods for tidal turbine arrays." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bf8e95df-9e67-4c89-8d9d-1a608a8be0f4.
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Tidal stream energy presents challenges that will require the development of new engineering tools if designs are to harness this energy source effectively. At first glance one might imagine that tidal stream energy can be treated as wind with appropriate adjustment for fluid properties of water over air, and account taken of the harsher offshore environment; both waves and turbulence. However, it is now well accepted that the flow past turbines that are constrained by the local sea bed, sea surface, and possibly also neighbouring turbines and channel sides, will differ markedly from that of an ostensibly unblocked wind turbine. Garrett & Cummins (2007) were the first to demonstrate that operating a turbine in a non- negligibly blocked flow passage presents a different flow solution and importantly a significant opportunity to enhance the power that can be delivered by blocked turbines with the limit of power extraction exceeding the Lanchester-Betz limit for operation of unblocked wind turbines. Although it is impractical to array real turbines across the entire width of a channel it has been proposed to use short arrays of turbines making use of local constructive interference (blockage) effects; Nishino & Willden (2012) showed that although the phenomenal power limits of Garrett & Cummins are unobtainable in a real flow, a significant uplift in the limit of power extraction can be achieved for short fences of turbines arrayed normally to the flow in wide cross-section channels. However, it does not follow that rotors designed using unblocked wind turbine tools are capable of extracting any more power than they are designed for and hence the power uplift made available through blockage effects may be squandered. This thesis sets out to develop design tools to assist in the design of rotors in blocked environments that are designed to make use of the flow confinement effects and yield rotors capable of extracting some of the additional power on offer in blocked flow conditions. It is the pressure recovery condition used in wind turbine design that requires relaxation in blocked flow conditions and hence it is necessary to resort to a computational framework in which the free stream pressure drop can be properly accounted for. The tool of choice is a computational fluid dynamics embedded blade element method. As with all models with semi-empirical content it is necessary to select and test correction models that account for various simplifications inherent to the use of the blade element method over a fully blade resolved simulation. The thesis presents a rigorous comparison of the computational model with experimental data with the various correction methods employed. The tool is then used to design rotors, first for unblocked operation, with favourable comparison drawn to lifting line derived optimal Betz rotor solutions. The final objective of the study is to design rotors for operation in short fence configurations of four turbines arrayed normally to the flow. This is accomplished and it is shown that by using bespoke in situ rotor design it is possible to extract more power than possible with non-blockage designs. For the defined array layout and operating conditions, the bespoke rotor array design yields a power coefficient 26% greater than the implied Betz limit for an unblocked rotor and 4% greater than operating a rotor designed in isolation in the same array.
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Jasti, Srichandana. "Design of randomly placed microphone array." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2006. http://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2006m/jasti.pdf.
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Beebe, Kenneth Russell. "Multivariate calibration and sensor array design /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8641.
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Huang, J. "Frequency diversity array : theory and design." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/624503/.
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This thesis presents a novel concept of beam scanning and forming by employing frequency diversity in an array antenna. It is shown that by applying a linear frequency shift to the CW signals across the elements, a periodically scanning beam pattern is generated and the main beam direction is a function of time and range. Moreover, when transmitting a pulse signal, the frequency diversity array (FDA) can be used for beam forming in radar applications. These properties offer a more flexible beam scanning and forming option over traditional phase shifter implementations. The thesis begins with the discussion on FDA’s array factor. It is mathematically proven that the array factor is a periodic function of time and range and the scanning period itself is a function of the linear frequency shift. Then further discussion is made when a pulsed signal is transmitted by an FDA. The requirement on the pulse width for a certain linear frequency shift is specified and corresponding signal processing technique is provided for the frequency diverse signal receiver. The thesis subsequently goes on to an electromagnetic simulation of FDA. The CST Microwave Studio is utilized to model the FDA and simulate its transient field, which allows one to verify the relationship between the scanning period and the linear frequency shift. Finally, the implementation of FDA is considered with the focus laid on the generation of the required frequency diverse signals complying with the two basic assumptions. The PLL frequency synthesis technique is introduced as an effective approach of generating the frequency diverse signals. One low cost and profile design of integer-N frequency synthesizer is presented to illustrate the basic design considerations and guidelines. For comparison, a Σ − Δ fractional-N frequency synthesizer produced by Analog Device is introduced for designs where more budget is available.
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Zhang, Bo. "Antenna array design for directional modulation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21424/.
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Mony, Madeleine. "Reprogrammable optical phase array." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103276.
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The evolving needs of network carriers are changing the design of optical networks. In order to reduce cost, latency, and power consumption, electrical switches are being replaced with optical switching fabrics at the core of the networks. An example of such a network is an Agile All-Photonic Network (AAPN).This thesis presents a novel device that was designed to operate as an optical switch within the context of an AAPN network. The device is a Reprogrammable Optical Phase Array (ROPA), and the design consists of applying multiple electric fields of different magnitudes across an electro-optic material in order to create a diffractive optical element. The configuration of the electric fields can change to modify the properties of the diffractive device.
Such a device has a wide range of potential applications, and two different ROPA designs are presented. Both designs are optimized to function as 1xN optical switches. The switches are wavelength tunable and have switching times on the order of microseconds. The ROPA devices consist of two parts: a bulk electro-optic crystal, and a high-voltage CMOS chip for the electrical control of the device. The design, simulation, fabrication and testing of both the electrical and optical components of the devices are presented.
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Gottardi, Giorgio. "Novel design concepts for unconventional antenna array architecutres in next generation communications systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/243338.
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In this work, the formulation and the implementation of innovative methodological paradigms for the design of unconventional array architectures for future generation communication systems has been addressed. By exploiting the potentialities of the codesign strategy for elementary radiators in an irregularly clustered array architectures and by introducing an innovative capacity-driven design paradigm, the proposed methodologies allow to effectively design unconventional array architectures with optimal trade-offs in terms of performance and complexity/costs. The codesign synthesis strategy is proposed to solve the arising massive multi-objective design problem aimed at fitting the multiple objectives and requirements on the "free-space" performance of the array architecture. Afterward, the capacity-driven design paradigm is formulated and implemented for the design of MIMO array architectures to maximize the quality of the communication system in first place instead of considering "free-space" figures-of-merit. A set of numerical results has been provided (i) to validate the proposed paradigms in real-application scenarios and (ii) to provide insights on the effectiveness, the limitations and the potentialities of proposed design methodologies.
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LIU, HUAZHOU. "DIGITAL DIRECTION FINDING SYSTEM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1060976413.
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Gillett, Philip Winslow. "Head Mounted Microphone Arrays." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28867.
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Microphone arrays are becoming increasingly integrated into every facet of life. From sonar to gunshot detection systems to hearing aids, the performance of each system is enhanced when multi-sensor processing is implemented in lieu of single sensor processing. Head mounted microphone arrays have a broad spectrum of uses that follow the rigorous demands of human hearing. From noise cancellation to focused listening, from localization to classification of sound sources, any and all attributes of human hearing may be augmented through the use of microphone arrays and signal processing algorithms. Placing a set of headphones on a human provides several desirable features such as hearing protection, control over the acoustic environment (via headphone speakers), and a means of communication. The shortcoming of headphones is the complete occlusion of the pinnae (the ears), disrupting auditory cues utilized by humans for sound localization.
This thesis presents the underlying theory in designing microphone arrays placed on diffracting bodies, specifically the human head. A progression from simple to complex geometries chronicles the effect of diffracting structures on array manifold matrices. Experimental results validate theoretical and computational models showing that arrays mounted on diffracting structures provide better beamforming and localization performance than arrays mounted in the free field. Data independent, statistically optimal, and adaptive beamforming methods are presented to cover a broad range of goals present in array applications. A framework is developed to determine the performance potential of microphone array designs regardless of geometric complexity. Directivity index, white noise gain, and singular value decomposition are all utilized as performance metrics for array comparisons. The biological basis for human hearing is presented as a fundamental attribute of headset array optimization methods. A method for optimizing microphone locations for the purpose of the recreation of HRTFs is presented, allowing transparent hearing (also called natural hearing restoration) to be performed. Results of psychoacoustic testing with a prototype headset array are presented and examined. Subjective testing shows statistically significant improvements over occluded localization when equipped with this new transparent hearing system prototype.Ph. D.
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Mohammad, Afzal. "Low noise amplifier design for dense phased arrays." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-518.
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Radio Astronomers demand for highly sensitive astronomical facility. Their demand is a radio telescope that can detect the weakest and deepest radio signal. To fulfill the demand of high sensitive telescope, an entirely new way of realizing a radio telescope is required. One of the most important components in the RF front end that determines the sensitivity of a radio telescope is the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA).
The project has the selected process technologies which was searched and about the different noise matching topologies, input matching topology, wide band noise and input matching topologies has discussed by the author to the requirement of LNA in Astronomical purposes.
In this report, the best process technology candidate was chosen apart from selected technology candidates to obtain the minimum noise temperature over broad range frequency upon the modern era of Astronomical LNAs.
The work was continued to design a single ended LNA to obtain desired transistor parameters while using different noise matching topologies, input matching topologies, wideband noise and input matching topologies to have an LNA achievement with the design goal.
Further two stage amplifier was implemented to obtain minimum noise temperature, good stability, high gain, good input and output reflection coefficient with less power consumption.
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Milner, Thomas Edward. "The optical design of far-infrared detector arrays." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185663.
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The imaging properties of far infrared detector arrays are analyzed. An arbitrary optical system imaging partially coherent light is reviewed. The imaging and detection process is correlated to the coherence properties of the imaged light. A selection set of optical flux concentrator arrays is set forth with reference to a literature review. A selection procedure for the concentrators is outlined which includes a derived performance function. Transverse and longitudinal detector geometries are frequently considered in far infrared imaging problems. A ray model is constructed to describe the optical-transverse detector system. The absorbed photon density in a transverse detector is computed with a Monte Carlo simulation. The subsequent transport of the photogenerated holes is evaluated by solving the steady state diffusion equation. With the evaluation of the steady state current density, transfer functions, point spread functions and diffusive cross talk are determined. With a Boltzmann transport equation approach, the response of a longitudinal detector array is analyzed. Signal equations are derived which relate the signal current density to the absorbed photon distribution and other relevant parameters. The various parameters derive from scattering and recombination of the photogenerated charges. Each parameter is qualitatively discussed, mathematically analyzed and algebraicly modeled. The absorbed photon distribution is computed with the aid of an optical multilayer model. The absorptive efficiency and the spatial distribution of the absorbed photons is computed for various layers of the longitudinal detector. The imaging response of the detector array is evaluated from the derived signal equations. An analytical expression is derived for the transfer function of an arbitrary optical-longitudinal detector array system. The derived transfer function includes the effects of diffusion and recombination of the photogenerated charges. Alternate measures of the detector's imaging response are derived; the transfer function, the point response function, the diffusive cross talk and the responsivity are computed as a function of various detector operating and design parameters. Conclusions which relate the detector's imaging performance to several operating and design parameters are made.
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Wang, Sheng. "Design of Tapered Slot Element for Broadband Arrays." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509588.
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Bach, Thomas William. "Design, modelling and applications of capacitive sensor arrays." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436252.
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Fatthi, Alsager Ahmed. "Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20461.
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The performance and advantages of microstrip patch antennas such as lowweight, low profile, and low cost made them the perfect choice forcommunication systems engineers. They have the capability to integrate withmicrowave circuits and therefore they are very well suited for applications suchas cell devices, WLAN applications, navigation systems and many othersIn this thesis; a compact rectangular patch antennas are designed and tested forGPS devices at 1.57542 GHz, and for a satellite TV signal at 11.843 GHz and11.919 GHz. The final part of this work has been concentrated on studying anarray antenna with two and four elements. The antennas of the design examplesof this work has been manufactured and tested in laboratory.
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Asgharimoghaddam, H. (Hossein). "Decentralized coordinated transceiver design with large antenna arrays." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2013. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201310161794.
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The benefits of MIMO technology have made it a solution for the present and future wireless networking demands. Increasing the number of antennas is an intuitive approach for boosting the network capacity; however, processing load and implementation limitations put a practical bound on this goal. Recently a solution known as massive MIMO has shown that a very large antenna array at the base station can simplify the processing, in a way that even matched filter (MF) can be used for detection purpose.
The ultimate performance of massive MIMO can be achieved only under some optimistic assumptions about the channel and hardware deployment. In practice, there are some restrictions that do not allow the ultimate performance for a massive MIMO system. Under some realistic assumptions, an efficient use of all the resources becomes important in a way that the application of simple algorithms like MF and zero forcing (ZF) becomes questionable. Thus, in this thesis work, more efficient approach based on optimal minimum power beamforming is considered as the benchmark. The idea is to investigate the behavior of this algorithm and the performance differences with respect to some sub-optimal methods when the system dimensions grow large.
Two solutions for the minimum power beamforming are reviewed (SOCP and uplink-downlink duality). The solution that is on focus is based on the second order cone programming (SOCP). Intercell interference(ICI) plays a critical role in the SOCP algorithm as it couples the sub-problems at the base stations. Thus, a large dimension approximation for the optimal ICI, using random matrix theory tools, is derived which tackles both of the processing simplification and the backhaul exchange rate reduction goals. This approximation allows derivation of an approximated optimal intercell interference based on the channel statistics that results a procedure for decoupling the subproblems at base stations.
The comparison between the SOCP algorithm and the sub-optimal methods is carried out via simulation. The results show that the performance gap with respect to the sub-optimal methods grows when correlation between the antenna elements at the BS side increase. In a network simulation with 7 cell and 28 users, this gap remains significant even with 100 antennas at the BS side. These performance differences justify the application of more complex algorithms like SOCP for a MIMO system with a large antenna array when the practical restrictions are taken into account.
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Landgren, David W., Daniel J. P. Dykes, and Kenneth W. Allen. "AN UNBALANCED FEED DESIGN FOR WIDEBAND PHASED ARRAYS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626945.
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In this work, a planar phased array antenna was engineered with ultra-wideband (UWB) performance that covers portions of the L-, S-, and C-bands. The unit cell design contains a driven layer that is directly connected to a single coaxial feed and a parasitic layer located above the driven layer separated by free space. This design does not require a balun or any vias between the antenna ground plane and the driven layer, resulting in a simple antenna stack-up consisting of only planar layers, aside from the feed structure. As a consequence, the complexity, and potentially sensitivity to mechanical tolerances, is reduced. The simulated results of this unbalanced phased array are discussed and experimentally validated.
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Rosenberg, Glenn Alan 1960. "Monolithic series connected solar cell array." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276950.
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Single crystal silicon solar cells for use under high concentration sunlight presently exhibit the highest conversion efficiencies. The following paper represents further work done to improve the efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells through improved design. Design features and processing to address the loss mechanisms encountered in silicon solar cells are discussed. An improved solar cell structure has resulted from this work along with a practical processing sequence. Experiments were performed to show the practicality of pattern formation on the walls of the V-groove structures using conventional photolithography and masking techniques. Also, new beam processing techniques are discussed to improve processing.
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Persson, Patrik. "Analysis and Design of Conformal Array Antennas." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teoretisk elektroteknik, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3290.
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Today there is a great need for communication between people and even between things, using systems onboard e.g. aircraft, cars, ships and satellites. As a consequence, these communications needs require antennas mounted on or integrated in the surfaces of different vehicles or platforms, i.e. conformal antennas. In order to ensure proper operation of the communication systems it is important to be able to determine the characteristics of these antennas. This thesis is about the analysis and design of conformal antennas using high frequency asymptotic methods. Commonly used eigenfunction solutions or numerical methods such as FDTD, FEM or MoM are difficult to use for arbitrarily shaped electrically large surfaces. However, the high frequency approximation approach together with an accurate ray tracing procedure offers a convenient solution for these surfaces. The geodesics (ray paths) on the surfaces are key parameters in the analysis and they are discussed in detail. In the first part of the thesis singly and doubly curved perfectly electrical conducting (PEC) surfaces are studied, with respect to the mutual coupling among aperture type elements. A synthesis problem is also considered where the effect of the mutual coupling is taken into account. As expected, the mutual coupling must be included in the synthesis procedure to be able to realize the prescribed pattern, especially in the shaped main lobe. Furthermore, the polarization of the antenna elements is very important when considering antennas on generally shaped surfaces. For such antennas the polarization must most likely be controlled in some way for a proper function. For verification of the results two experimental antennas were built at Ericsson Microwave Systems AB, Mölndal, Sweden. The first antenna is a circular cylinder with an array of rectangular waveguide fed apertures and the second antenna is a doubly curved surface (paraboloid) with circular waveguide fed apertures. It is found that it is possible to obtain very accurate results with the asymptotic method when it is combined with the Method of Moments, i.e. a hybrid method is used. The agreement compared to measurements is good at levels as low as –80 dB in many cases. The second part of the thesis is about the development of a high frequency approximation for surface field calculations on a dielectric covered PEC circular cylinder. When using conformal antennas in practice they have to be covered with a radome for protection and with the method developed here this cover can be included in the analysis. The method is a combination of two different solutions, one valid in the non-paraxial region of the cylinder and the other is valid in the paraxial region. The method is verified against measurements and reference results obtained from a spectral domain moment method code.QC 20100616
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Babar, Haji Akbar, and Atif Khattak. "Design of Dual Band Patch Antenna Array." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fysik och elektroteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-91322.
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Low profile antennas are very useful in applications such as missile, aircraft, cellular applications and satellites, because in these types of applications, some commonly important constraints are cost, size, weight, performance and easy installation. Microstrip patch antenna fits quite comfortably in this category. This thesis work aimed to design the dual band microstrip patch antenna arrays operating at frequencies of 3.5 GHz and 5.0 GHz. Two schemes were used to design the antenna array which is the antenna array with same patch size and antenna array with alternating patch size. Different array configuration with 2, 4, 8 and 16 elements were designed and simulated in Agilent Inc EDA tool ADS using Roger RO4350B substrate with a height of 1.524 mm, and transmission-line model was used for the analysis. Array configuration with 2, 4 and 8 elements were fabricated, and results were measured with the help of the network analyzer in the Lab. Distinct antenna parameters were studied such as VSWR, impedance bandwidth, gain, directivity, antenna radiation efficiency, axial ratio and radiation pattern to evaluate the performance of antennas. Focusing on impedance bandwidth it can be claimed that the microstrip patch antenna arrays have better performance as compared to the single microstrip patch antenna designed.
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陳冠廷. "The design of an athermal arrayed waveguide gratings." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57424827350320604029.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
光電技術研究所
90
Arrayed waveguide gratings（AWG）are the most potential devices in wavelength division muli-tiplexing（WDM）for optical fiber communication. In this paper, a high-performance 4×4 channels, 200GHz channel spacing, and -30dB crosstalk AWG is presented. Moreover, channel wavelength in conventional AWG multiplexers depend on temperature because the refractive index change caused by thermal-optical effect in the silica waveguide. Generally, the temperature depended wavelength shift is 0.529nm in the interval 20-80℃. The temperature-controlled heater presented here was placed on a phased array that providing 4×4 channels had been designed at 40℃ originally. The thermal compensation was added to the arrayed waveguide that the center wavelength of the AWG is hold. The temperature depended wavelength shift is successfully suppressed from 0.529nm to 0.011nm in the interval 20-80℃.
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Lin, Jheng-Jhin, and 林政智. "Design and Characteristics of Taper Arrayed Waveguide Gratings." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/885dtd.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
電腦與通訊研究所
94
With the growing prosperity of the internet network day by day , the transmission capacity has become insufficient to meet all the requirements of practical use. Therefore, people start looking for higher, faster transmission ways to increase the capacity of transmission. Under such circumstances, the research concerning optical fiber communication systems has gained increasingly interests. The dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), the future trend of optical fiber communication systems, is a critical component to DWDM network systems, and the establishment of AWG, package easier and produced in a great number, is the sky element to multiply channels and narrow bandwidths. This paper is focus on designing AWG in optical fiber communication and building a basic design of 1×8 channels、200GHz AWG which have good performance. Adding taper structure in AWG I/O waveguide of free propagation range (FPR), the spectrum response becomes flat and the error of wavelength shift which is influenced by temperature and polarization is tolerated, the crosstalk of adjunct channels is -45 dB, insertion loss is 2 dB. As the width of taper is increased by 1μm, the width of spectrum response is also increased by 0.0246nm、the insertion loss of spectrum response is also decreased by 0.324dB. Finally, the performance of AWG will be better than classical one by using both multimode interference (MMI) and taper structure of AWG, the crosstalk of adjunct channels is -44dB, insertion loss is 1.16dB.The propagation effectiveness of taper structure can be a standard of fabrication and cost.
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Hu, Chun-Hao, and 胡俊豪. "Lens arrayed module of solar concentrator to design." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74988448707241105179.
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碩士國立中央大學
能源工程研究所
96
In this thesis, we focus on the design of solar concentrator to make the detector and solar concentrator utilize more efficiently, and simulate solar incoming light to consider single wave 550um and solar diffusible light 0.265 degree. From the model design point of view, we primarily want to analysis two kinds of concentrators. The first one is the funnel type of concentrator. We fix the area of receiver on the shape and consider the difference between different height at same area or different area at same height simultaneously. After that, we start to discuss the effects under different degree of inclination like 30, 45 and 60 and try to find better leaning degree of inclination and then we can compare the difference of light flux between Polymethy lmethacrylate (PMMA) and air material inside the funnel type. The second one is lens type of concentrator. Based on shapes, we use different types of lens made such as circles, squares, square, regular hexahedron arrays, regular hexahedron and cylinder. As for the square and regular hexahedron arrays, there are five items in x direction and nine items in y direction which are forty five items at whole. And for regular hexahedron and cylinder, they are same detector area which is 1mm2.After that, we can start to find and compare the relationship of concentrator ratio. Based on results, we can know the first funnel type of concentrator can change material inside the funnel type to promote light flux. The second lens type of concentrator can change enlargement of scale to promote concentrator ratio and make concentrator ratio decrease by increasing solar light angle.
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Xu, Zhao-ren, and 許昭仁. "Design and Characteristics of Arrayed Waveguide Gratings for WDM." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15405773309596498863.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
光電技術研究所
90
The passive devices of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) are the most potential and developmental devices in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). This paper is focus on designing AWG in optical fiber communication and building a basic design of 8×8 channels、200GHz AWG which have good performance. Adding taper structure in AWG I/O waveguide of free propagation range (FPR), the spectrum response becomes flat and the error of wavelength shift which is influenced by temperature and polarization is tolerated, the crosstalk of adjunct channels is —30dB, insertion loss is 3dB. As the width of taper is increased by 1μm, the width of spectrum response is also increased by 0.065nm. The propagation effectiveness of taper structure can be a standard of fabrication and cost. Finally, the performance of AWG will be better than classical one by using both multimode interference (MMI) and taper structure of AWG, the crosstalk of adjunct channels is —35dB, insertion loss is 1.2dB.
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Cheng, Hsin-yen, and 鄭欣彥. "Design and Fabrication of Silicon-on-Insulator Arrayed Waveguide Grating Device." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26648103641594662850.
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碩士義守大學
機械與自動化工程學系碩士班
93
The traditional optical communication network system just transfers one wavelength on the fiber, while dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) device allows multiple wavelengths to be carried on the same fiber. Using DWDM not only save the set-up optical fiber cost and time, but also increase the optical fiber capacity. Based on these priorities, DWDM devices have become one of the most important elements in optical communication network. The large demand for upgrading the numbers of channels and channel spacing in DWDM optical communication systems is increasing at a tremendous rate owing to the rapid spread of the internet and multimedia services. There are three different technologies to implement DWDM function, including Thin Film Filter (TFF), Array Waveguide Grating (AWG), and Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). Due to higher technology priority, low cost, easy mass production, minimized size and easy integration, AWG provides a good choice and solution for DWDM optical communication systems. Arrayed waveguide gratings (called AWG’s or PHASAR’s) have become key components in modern wavelength dispersion multiplexing systems for their muiti-functional and muiti-application properties. Silicon-on-Insulator AWG (SOI-AWG) show excellent promise and can provide key practical devices in dense wavelength dispersion multiplexing (DWDM) systems. The behaviors of SOI- AWG device is depended on the manufacturing parameters and uniformity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the geometrical shape, detail scale, and material processes of the SOI- AWG design with insensitive polarization and low insertion loss performance. The theoretical simulation of AWG device was obtained from solving wave equations by Beam Propagation Method (BPM). Based on the simulation results, the devices will be fabricated by thin-film deposition, photolithography and dry-etching processes. The optical characteristics of amorphous-silicon (a-Si) film, and AWG device were measured by spectrophotometer. The topography of rib structure waveguides, a-Si film was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The structures of the a-Si film was identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the 卅卅-Si compositions. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM/EDAX) was used to study the localized interface structure and compositional distribution of a-Si films. The transmission spectrum of AWG’s device indicated the insertion loss, between two channels of crosstalk, channel of side-lobe were -5dB, -25dB and -45dB respectively by 3D beam propagation method. The performance of AWG device transmission spectrum was determined by reasonable design and fabricating errors. The fabricating errors were unavoidable and gave great impacts on the device performance. The possible fabricating errors included the large refractive index variation of film, surface roughness of film and sidewall roughness of waveguide, and the errors of the etching dimension and shape.
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Jiang, Pei-Hua, and 江霈驊. "Design of coil-arrayed scanning contactless charging platform for portable devices." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3aq2y6.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
電腦與通訊研究所
102
This thesis proposes an universal contactless charging platform, which allowed for the placement of portable device or other mobile devices placed and charged. By wound-wire structure and electromagnetic induction, contactless power transmission could be achieved between platform and electronic products. The astable multivibrator oscillator and counter is used to control coil switch frequency in the designed charging platform. This thesis started from the parameters of induction coil for the magnetic field distribution, and optimize the arrayed structure of coils. With this optimization, the coil could be designed as an unit coil, and the coil arrangement rule is complies with wireless power consortium A3 standard, which consists of seven coils arranged in a hexagonal array structure. Different from the other contactless charger, arrayed structure not only enhance the sensing area but also increase usage convenience. The experimental results show that the secondary-side output voltage is 4.97V when the induction coil displacement is 0mm. The maximum power output is 1.98W and a maximum transmission efficiency of 58% is attainable.
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Chou, Yu-Chieh, and 周煜傑. "PH Biosensor with Arrayed Design by Thick-Film Printing Ceramic Substrate." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fj9q46.
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