Academic literature on the topic 'Arrhenius laboratory'

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Journal articles on the topic "Arrhenius laboratory"

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Nissen, Anna, Zhouyuan Zhu, Anthony Kovscek, Louis Castanier, and Margot Gerritsen. "Upscaling Kinetics for Field-Scale In-Situ-Combustion Simulation." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 18, no. 02 (2015): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174093-pa.

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Summary We demonstrate the effectiveness of a non-Arrhenius kinetic upscaling approach for in-situ-combustion processes, first discussed by Kovscek et al. (2013). Arrhenius reaction terms are replaced with equivalent source terms that are determined by a work flow integrating both laboratory experiments and high-fidelity numerical simulations. The new formulation alleviates both stiffness and grid dependencies of the traditional Arrhenius approach. Consequently, the computational efficiency and robustness of simulations are improved significantly. In this paper, we thoroughly investigate the performance of the non-Arrhenius upscaling method compared with Arrhenius kinetics. We investigate robustness by considering grid effects and sensitivity to heterogeneity. Performance improvements of the new kinetic upscaling approach compared with traditional Arrhenius kinetics are demonstrated through numerical experiments in one and two dimensions for both homogeneous- and heterogeneous-permeability fields.
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Thierron, Viviane, and H. Laudelout. "Contribution of root respiration to total CO2 efflux from the soil of a deciduous forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 7 (1996): 1142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-127.

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The measurement of CO2 efflux from forest soils has become of great importance in evaluating the role of forests as sequestering agents of atmospheric CO2. In this regard, it is important to know the part of total efflux that originates from root respiration. We have tried to evaluate it by measuring efflux in the field with a portable infrared gas analyzer, while at the same time, the 0–10 cm soil layer was sampled and incubated in the laboratory during 30–40 days. Comparison of field and laboratory measurements was made by conversion to a common temperature (10 °C) using the Arrhenius equation for both processes. Results indicated an Arrhenius apparent activation energy of 25 kcal (1 kcal = 4.1855 kJ) in the field and 15 kcal in the laboratory. Comparison of the results was also made possible by modelling the cumulative CO2 efflux in the laboratory so that we eliminated the initial flush of mineralization, the value of which was temperature dependent. The grand average of CO2 efflux from the forest soil calculated for the whole year from the temperature of the soil and the Arrhenius equation was 70 Mg•ha−1•year−1, of which 90% originated from the roots.
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Altman, R., E. Beutler, and J. Kohler. "Erroneous or Arrhenius—Potential Impact of Oven Temperature Variations on Laboratory Aging of Tires." Tire Science and Technology 39, no. 2 (2011): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.3593713.

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Abstract During the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F09.30 Tire Aging Task Group’s development of a test standard for the accelerated oven aging of tires, seemingly erroneous results were obtained from a single test method being conducted by multiple facilities. Ultimately, these differences were associated with variations in oven temperature among the sites involved. The Arrhenius Law provides a means of understanding the potential impact of oven temperature variation on thermal oxidative aging of tires and is used to draw inferences with respect to both laboratory oven aging and local ambient temperatures. Limitations of applying the Arrhenius equation, possible actions to compensate for oven-to-oven and within-an-oven temperature variation, and suggestions for potential validating experiments are also discussed.
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Aquilanti, Vincenzo, Nayara Dantas Coutinho, and Valter Henrique Carvalho-Silva. "Kinetics of low-temperature transitions and a reaction rate theory from non-equilibrium distributions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2092 (2017): 20160201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0201.

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This article surveys the empirical information which originated both by laboratory experiments and by computational simulations, and expands previous understanding of the rates of chemical processes in the low-temperature range, where deviations from linearity of Arrhenius plots were revealed. The phenomenological two-parameter Arrhenius equation requires improvement for applications where interpolation or extrapolations are demanded in various areas of modern science. Based on Tolman's theorem, the dependence of the reciprocal of the apparent activation energy as a function of reciprocal absolute temperature permits the introduction of a deviation parameter d covering uniformly a variety of rate processes, from those where quantum mechanical tunnelling is significant and d < 0, to those where d > 0, corresponding to the Pareto–Tsallis statistical weights: these generalize the Boltzmann–Gibbs weight, which is recovered for d = 0. It is shown here how the weights arise, relaxing the thermodynamic equilibrium limit, either for a binomial distribution if d > 0 or for a negative binomial distribution if d < 0, formally corresponding to Fermion-like or Boson-like statistics, respectively. The current status of the phenomenology is illustrated emphasizing case studies; specifically (i) the super -Arrhenius kinetics, where transport phenomena accelerate processes as the temperature increases; (ii) the sub -Arrhenius kinetics, where quantum mechanical tunnelling propitiates low-temperature reactivity; (iii) the anti -Arrhenius kinetics, where processes with no energetic obstacles are rate-limited by molecular reorientation requirements. Particular attention is given for case (i) to the treatment of diffusion and viscosity, for case (ii) to formulation of a transition rate theory for chemical kinetics including quantum mechanical tunnelling, and for case (iii) to the stereodirectional specificity of the dynamics of reactions strongly hindered by the increase of temperature. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Theoretical and computational studies of non-equilibrium and non-statistical dynamics in the gas phase, in the condensed phase and at interfaces’.
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Gillen, Kenneth T., Robert Bernstein, and Dora K. Derzon. "Evidence of non-Arrhenius behaviour from laboratory aging and 24-year field aging of polychloroprene rubber materials." Polymer Degradation and Stability 87, no. 1 (2005): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.06.010.

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Budhijanto, Budhijanto, Deddy Wirata, and Kurniawan Kurniawan. "GLYPTAL SYNTHESIS FROM GLYCEROL AND PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE USING ACTIVATED ZEOLITE AS HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST AND ITS COMPARISON TO HOMOGENEOUS p-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID CATALYST." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 6, no. 2 (2018): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v6i2.12065.

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The abundance of glycerol as the side product of biodiesel has motivated researches on glycerol utilization as a feedstock for more valuable products. This research presents the possibility of producing polyester (glyptal), which is a widely used coating material, from glycerol by esterification using phthalic anhydride. Esterification reaction of phthalic anhydride and glycerol to produce glyptal can be catalyzed by Lewis acid provided by either homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. This study compared the performance of activated zeolite as heterogeneous catalyst in the esterification of glycerol and phthalic anhydride with the performance of p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) as homogeneous catalyst. The reactions were carried out in laboratory scale batch reactor. The kinetics was modeled using Step Growth Polymerization Model. The rate constant obtained from experimental data fitting on the model was correlated with temperature by Arrhenius equation. Both activated zeolite and PTSA exhibited Arrhenius behavior. Based on the comparison of the Arrhenius constants of the reaction catalyzed by each of the two different catalysts, PTSA performed better in term of lower activation energy. Nevertheless, this result did not suggest that activated zeolite was failed. The activated zeolite was successful to make the reaction happen. To reach the same performance as the homogeneous PTSA, the activated zeolite needs to be improved with respect to its cation exchange capacity and also the operational consideration such as the amount of zeolite added per volume of reaction and the intensity of mixing to minimize the diffusion resistance surrounding the zeolite particles.
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Liviawaty, Evi, Sapinatun Namira, Subiyanto Subiyanto, and Eddy Afrianto. "SHELF LIFE OF NORI FROM Gracilaria sp. WITH ALUMUNIUM FOIL PACKAGING BASED ON THE ACCELERATED SHELF LIFE TEST METHOD." International Journal of Quantitative Research and Modeling 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46336/ijqrm.v2i1.107.

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This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Fisheries Products Processing, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor. The purpose of this research is to determine the shelf life of Nori from Gracilaria sp. with the Accelerated Shelf Life Test (ASLT) method Arrhenius Model using Aluminum Foil packaging. Aluminum foil packaging is a package composed of hermetic, flexible, and opaque metal so that it has high protection properties against water vapor, light, grease and gas. The determination of the shelf life of the ASLT method is carried out using parameters of environmental conditions that can accelerate the process of product quality degradation, namely by storing the product at several temperatures above normal storage temperature. The observations used in determining the shelf life of Gracilaria sp. using a sensory test and a water content test with storage for 35 days, at a temperature of 25oC and 35oC. The result of the Arrhenius model calculation, the appearance parameter is selected as the critical parameter because it has the lowest Activation Energy (Ea) in determining the shelf life of Gracilaria sp. which is packaged using PE plastic. The results show that the parameters used to determine the shelf life of the product are the taste parameters based on the order 1 reaction with the Arrhenius Plot Ln K = 0.026 – 1318.4 (1 / T) and Ea of 2619.66 Kj/mol. The shelf life of Nori Gracilaria sp. if stored at 25oC temperature is 89 hari 7 jam.
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Rudniak, Leszek, and Piotr M. Machniewski. "Modelling and experimental investigation of waste tyre pyrolysis process in a laboratory reactor." Chemical and Process Engineering 38, no. 3 (2017): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2017-0034.

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Abstract A mathematical model of waste tyre pyrolysis process is developed in this work. Tyre material decomposition based on a simplified reaction mechanism leads to main product lumps: noncondensable (gas), condensable (pyrolytic oil) and solid (char). The model takes into account kinetics of heat and mass transfer in the grain of the shredded rubber material as well as surrounding gas phase. The main reaction routes were modelled as the pseudo-first order reactions with a rate constant calculated from the Arrhenius type equation using literature values of activation energy determined for main tyre constituents based on TG/DTG measurements and tuned pre-exponential parameter values obtained by fitting theoretical predictions to the experimental results obtained in our laboratory reactor. The model was implemented within the CFD software (ANSYS Fluent). The results of numerical simulation of the pyrolysis process revealed non-uniformity of sample’s porosity and temperature. The simulation predictions were in satisfactory agreement with the experimentally measured mass loss of the tyre sample during pyrolysis process investigated in a laboratory reactor.
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Yasinskiy, Andrey, Sai Krishna Padamata, Ilya Moiseenko, et al. "Aluminium Recycling in Single- and Multiple-Capillary Laboratory Electrolysis Cells." Metals 11, no. 7 (2021): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11071053.

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This work is a contribution to the approach for Al purification and extraction from scrap using the thin-layer multiple-capillary molten salt electrochemical system. The single- and multiple-capillary cells were designed and used to study the kinetics of aluminium reduction in LiF–AlF3 and equimolar NaCl–KCl with 10 wt.% AlF3 addition at 720–850 °C. The cathodic process on the vertical liquid aluminium electrode in NaCl–KCl (+10 wt.% AlF3) in the 2.5 mm length capillary had mixed kinetics with signs of both diffusion and chemical reaction control. The apparent mass transport coefficient changed from 5.6∙10−3 cm.s−1 to 13.1∙10−3 cm.s−1 in the mentioned temperature range. The dependence between the mass transport coefficient and temperature follows an Arrhenius-type behaviour with an activation energy equal to 60.5 kJ.mol−1. In the multiple-capillary laboratory electrolysis cell, galvanostatic electrolysis in a 64LiF–36AlF3 melt showed that the electrochemical refinery can be performed at a current density of 1 A.cm−2 or higher with a total voltage drop of around 2.0 V and specific energy consumption of about 6–7 kWh.kg−1. The resistance fluctuated between 0.9 and 1.4 Ω during the electrolysis depending on the current density. Thin-layer aluminium recycling and refinery seems to be a promising approach capable of producing high-purity aluminium with low specific energy consumption.
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Kaidou, Hiroyuki, and A. Ahagon. "Aging of Tire Parts during Service. II. Aging of Belt-Skim Rubbers in Passenger Tires." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 63, no. 5 (1990): 698–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538283.

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Abstract The belt-skim rubber of a passenger-car tire has changes in its tensile properties, M100 and λb, during service in the field. The changes are larger in higher temperature fields with an equivalent duration. It can be interpreted that the changes are caused simply by oxidative crosslinking similar to that which takes place on aging rubber sheets in an air oven at relatively low temperatures, below 100°C. The belt-skim compound showing better aging resistance in the laboratory also shows better aging resistance when used in a tire. Therefore, the aging characteristics of the rubber part in a tire can be satisfactorily predicted. The Arrhenius equations with the same activation energy can be used for the aging of a rubber in the laboratory and in the tires by introducing a factor to the tire equation. The factor is added to the atmospheric temperature to correct for a difference; however, it was found to be slight in the present case.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arrhenius laboratory"

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Kaya, Vincent, and Abdullah Sheik. "Internationella inköp av byggmaterial : En jämförelse mellan svenska och internationella leverantörer av glasfasadelement." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174362.

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Stigande byggkostnader är idag ett faktum. Materialkostnaderna för ett projekt motsvarar ungefär 45 % av den totala byggkostnaden, vilket innebär att effektivare inköp av material kan leda till stora besparingar. Som ett led i detta har byggföretagen i större utsträckning satsat på att göra internationella inköp av material från utlandet. Detta examensarbete kommer att avgränsa sig mot inköp av glasfasadelement. Skanska Sverige köper idag in glasfasader från olika glasleverantörer i Europa, med detta hoppas man kunna minska sina byggkostnader. Att köpa in material från utlandet kan även föra med sig merkostnader som minskar besparingarna som görs. Syftet med examensarbetet är att lokalisera var dessa merkostnader förekommer och ge förslag på åtgärder hur dessa kan minskas. Studierna baseras på resultatet från två av Skanskas projekt där man i ena projektet använt sig av en svensk glasleverantörer och i det andra ett utländskt. Arbetet med att lokalisera merkostnaderna har utförts genom intervjuer med nyckelpersoner inom företagen som varit delaktiga i projekten. Det som framgick ur intervjuresultaten var främst brister i projektering och montering av glasfasaderna som orsakats av kommunikationsbrist och missförstånd. Slutsatsen är att Skanska skulle möjligtvis kunna använda en enhet av projekt-koordinatorer som är delaktiga i arbetet vid projektering och montering med expertis inom internationella inköp samt utländsk arbetskraft. Detta skulle ge en bättre samordning av arbetet med de internationella inköpen och förhoppningsvis kunna minska merkostnaderna.<br>Increase in construction costs are now a fact. The material costs for a project is approximately 45% of the total construction cost. A more efficient purchase of materials can lead to big savings. As a part of this, the construction companies are now increasingly investing in international purchases of materials from abroad. This thesis will define itself in the purchases of curtain walls. Skanska Sweden is today purchasing curtain walls from various glass suppliers in Europe with hope to reduce their construction costs. To purchase materials from abroad may also impose additional costs that may reduce the savings. The aim of this thesis is to locate where these additional costs exists and to suggest measures on how these costs can be reduced. The studies will be based on the results from two of Skanska’s projects were one of the projects has a Swedish supplier and the other a foreign supplier of curtain walls. Efforts to locate additional costs have been done through interviews with key individuals within the companies which were involved in the projects. What emerged from the interview results were mainly shortcomings in the design and installation of the curtain walls caused by lack of communication and misunderstandings. The conclusion is that Skanska would possibly be able to use a unit of project coordinators who are involved in the work of design and installation with expertise in international purchases and foreign workers. This would provide a better coordination of the work with international purchases and hopefully be able to reduce the additional costs.
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Books on the topic "Arrhenius laboratory"

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L, Ernster, and Kungl Svenska vetenskapsakademien, eds. DT diaphorase: A quinone reductase with special functions in cell metabolism and detoxication : proceedings of an international conference held at the Arrhenius Laboratory, University of Stockholm, 1-4 June, 1986. Published on behalf of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences by Cambridge University Press, 1987.

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Andre, Guinier, Ha gg Gunnar, Magne li Arne, Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, and Acade mie des Sciences, eds. Advances in powder diffraction crystallography: Proceedings of a French-Swedish conference organized by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciencesand Acade mie des Sciences de l'Institut de France in honour of Professor Andre Guinier and Professor Gunnar Ha gg, Arrhenius Laboratory, University of Stockholm, 8-9 May, 1985. Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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Conference papers on the topic "Arrhenius laboratory"

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Fellerman, Andy S., and Caroline K. Pyke. "Predicting Evaporator Vessel Base Thicknesses From Inspected Heating Coils." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63825.

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The Highly Active Liquid Effluent and Storage plant at Sellafield, UK, currently uses three evaporators to reduce the volume of active liquor stored within the facility before being vitrified for long term storage. This liquor is highly corrosive and the lifetime of the evaporators is potentially limited by the corrosion loss from the heating elements, comprising an external jacket and a number of internal coils, all heated by low pressure steam. Inspection of the heating coils inside the evaporators is possible and measurement data is available of their thicknesses by depth at various inspection intervals. This inspection data has been combined with operational data and thermal models for the heating elements. Our theoretical understanding from laboratory measurements suggests that corrosion is related to temperature through an Arrhenius relationship. As such we have been able to develop a predictive model for the thickness profiles and remaining useful life of the uninspected components. This model is a non-linear mixed effects (multilevel) model and has undergone significant developmental work to account for a number of practical data issues. This paper will briefly outline the various components of the model, whilst discussing issues relevant to any statistical model such as complexities of data collection, approaches to handling correlated data, selecting appropriate model formulations and data transformations. The inclusion of uncertainties in prediction via Monte-Carlo simulation will also be discussed.
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Rubin, Rachamim, Jacob Karni, and Jacob Yeheskel. "Chemical Kinetics Simulation of High Temperature Hydrocarbons Reforming in a Solar Reactor." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44032.

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This study is aimed at developing a simulation model of a solar Volumetric reactor for hydrocarbon reforming, operating at high temperature and pressure. It will then be used to optimize the reactor design and analyze its performance. The model development utilizes previous and on-going experimental work on Volumetric receiver and catalyst development. The reaction’s kinetics are computed, using the CHEMKIN II simulation package. The chemical kinetic modeling of the relevant C-H-O system is based on: (i) Definition of the relevant computation domain and parameters: temperature, pressure, reactant compositions, residence time, and catalyst load, (ii) Utilizing laboratory measurements at 700–1400K and 1–4 bar. to quantify the kinetic parameters for both, H2O, and CO2 reforming of CH4 and for the Reverse Water Shift reaction. Calculated and measured data are compared for three representative cases, showing a good agreement. The results indicate that the Arrhenius method can be a viable and practical way to predict the behavior of steam and CO2 reforming over a range of temperatures and pressures. Furthermore, it is shown that the present approach can provide a method for estimating the desirable dimensions of the reactor for reforming of CH4. Additional, on-going computational and experimental work, which would provide a more accurate simulation, can easily be implemented using the present numerical model.
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Wang, Yang, Hui-qing Lan, and Hao Zhang. "A Residual Lifetime Prediction Method of Aging Polyethylene Gas Pipes in Service." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93140.

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Abstract Polyethylene pipes (PE) have been widely used for various urban gas pipeline transportation engineering. With the increase of service life, the aging of PE pipes has become a safety issue of urban gas pipeline transportation. Therefore, a practical prediction method for predicting the residual lifetime of in-service aging polyethylene pipe is needed. Hitherto, there are a few reports on the aging performance and lifetime prediction of PE pipes under the laboratory research stage, but there are few researches on lifetime prediction methods of in-service aging polyethylene pipes. In this paper, aging PE pipes under different pressures and temperatures were produced by an accelerated aging test which was used by a thermal oxygen aging experimental set-ups PE pipes. Aging PE pipes were respectively tested by a tensile test, DSC and MFR (Melt Mass Flow Rate), and the test’s results of aging PE pipes were analyzed comparatively. Then, a residual lifetime prediction equation of pressured gas PE pipes was proposed by Arrhenius fit of the data which comes from the test’s results. Basing on this equation, a residual lifetime prediction method of aging polyethylene gas pipes in service was proposed, that is, the DSC test data of the particle (about 15 mg) which is cut from the surface of the in-service polyethylene gas pipes can be substituted into the lifetime prediction equation to predict the residual lifetime of aging polyethylene pipes. This residual lifetime prediction method is not only suitable for pressured aging polyethylene gas pipes in service, but also for other pressured plastic pipes in service.
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Anderson, Timothy I., Yunan Li, and Anthony R. Kovscek. "Predicting Heavy Oil Combustion Kinetics with Machine Learning." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200853-ms.

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Abstract Heavy oil resources are becoming increasingly important for the global oil supply, and consequently there has been renewed interest in techniques for extracting heavy oil. Among these, in-situ combustion (ISC) has tremendous potential for late-stage heavy oil fields, as well as high viscosity, very deep, or other unconventional reservoirs. A critical step in evaluating the use of ISC in a potential project is developing an accurate chemical reaction model to employ for larger-scale simulations. Such models can be difficult to calibrate, however, that in turn can lead to large errors in upscaled simulations. Data-driven models of ISC kinetics overcome these issues by foregoing the calibration step and predicting kinetics directly from laboratory data. In this work, we introduce the Non-Arrhenius Machine Learning Approach (NAMLA). NAMLA is a machine learning-based method for predicting O2 consumption in heavy oil combustion directly from ramped temperature oxidation (RTO) experimental data. Our model treats the O2 consumption as a function of only temperature and total O2 conversion and uses a locally-weighted linear regression model to predict the conversion rate at a query point. We apply this method to simulated and experimental data from heavy oil samples and compare its ability to predict O2 consumption curves with a previously proposed interpolation-based method. Results show that the presented method has better performance than previously proposed interpolation models when the available experimental data is very sparse or the query point lies outside the range of RTO experiments in the dataset. When available data is sufficiently dense or the query point is within the range of RTO curves in the training set, then linear interpolation has comparable or better accuracy than the proposed method. The biggest advantage of the proposed method is that it is able to compute confidence intervals for experimentally measured or estimated O2 consumption curves. We believe that future methods will be able to use the efficiency and accuracy of interpolation-based methods with the statistical properties of the proposed machine learning approach to better characterize and predict heavy oil combustion.
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Smith, D. Barton, Barbara J. Frame, Lawrence M. Anovitz, and Christopher Makselon. "Feasibility of Using Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Pipelines for Hydrogen Delivery." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63683.

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Pipelines are a practicable means for delivering large quantities of gaseous hydrogen over long distances and for distributing it as a transportation fuel at fueling stations in urban and rural settings. Glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) pipelines are a promising alternative to the present-day use of low-alloy steel in pipelines for hydrogen transmission. GFRP pipelines offer advantages of lower capital cost and improved lifecycle performance, compared to steel pipelines. The technical challenges for adapting GRFP pipeline technology from oil and natural gas transmission, where it is in extensive service worldwide, to hydrogen transmission consists of evaluating the hydrogen compatibility of the constituent materials and composite construction, identifying the advantages and challenges of the various manufacturing methods, testing polymeric liners and pipelines to determine hydrogen permeability and leak rates, selecting options for pipeline joining technologies, establishing the necessary modifications to existing codes and standards to validate the safe and reliable implementation of the pipeline. We performed examined the technical feasibility of using a commercially available spoolable glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) pipeline for hydrogen transmission. We used an accelerated aging process based on the Arrhenius model to screen for hydrogen-induced damage in the pipeline and in the pipeline’s constituent materials. We also measured hydrogen leakage rates in short lengths of the pipeline. The accelerated aging process involved immersing GRFP pipeline specimens in pipeline-pressure hydrogen (6.9 MPa/1000 psi) at an elevated temperature (60°C) to promote an accelerated interaction of hydrogen with the pipeline structure. To assess specific effects on the constituent materials in the pipeline, specimens of fiberglass rovings, resin matrix and liner materials were immersed together with the pipeline specimens, and specimens of all types were subjected to either a one-month or an eight-month exposure to hydrogen at the elevated temperature. At the conclusion of each exposure interval the pipeline specimens were evaluated for degradation using hydrostatic burst pressure tests to assess the overall integrity of the structure, compression tests to assess the integrity of the polymer matrix, and bend testing to assess the integrity of the laminate. The results of these tests were compared to the results obtained from identical tests performed on un-conditioned specimens from the same manufacturing run. Tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed on multiple specimens of constituent materials. We measured the hydrogen leak rate in GFRP pipeline lined with pipeline-grade high-density polyethylene (PE-3408). The thickness of the liner was 0.526 cm and its inside diameter was 10.1 cm. The hydrogen pressurization during the leak rate measurements was 10.3 MPa (1500 psia) — the maximum recommended pressure — and all measurements were done at ambient temperatures in an air-conditioned laboratory. The pipeline was closed on each end using a steel cap with elastomer (O-ring) seals. The leak rate was calculated from the temperature-compensated pressure decay curve. Changes in pipeline volume that occurred due to pressure-induced dimensional changes in the pipeline length and circumference were measured using strain gauge sensors. These volumetric changes occurred at the earliest measurement times and diminished to near zero at the long measurement times during which the steady-state leak rate was determined. Leak rate measurements in three different lengths of pipeline yielded a leak rate was significantly lower than the predicted rate from the standard analytical model for a cylindrical vessel.
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