To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Arson investigation.
Journal articles on the topic 'Arson investigation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Arson investigation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Andersson, Hans. "A Swedish investigation of arson." Fire Technology 29, no. 4 (November 1993): 350–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01052529.
Full text
2
Sharma, Saniya. "A Meticulous Review on Arson Inquest Using Gas Chromatography." Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jfct.2454.9363.8222.7.
Full textAbstract:
Arson investigation is hands down the most tedious and the robust form of investigation to go with. It is by far the multifarious and endearing type of investigation as investigating at the arson scene demands high endeavour in order to withstand from all the challenges that stood up at the scene of crime. Stringent norms have been framed by the government that defines it under section 435, 436 and 438 of IPC. In such cases, the chain of custody plays a dynamic and a crucial role as from the procurement of the most fragile samples to transporting it in the most desired form to follow the best sample preparation method before subjecting to GC analysis in order to avail the quality result. Keeping in mind the susceptibility of fire evidences American Society for Testingand Materials International has established standard guidelines for subjecting sample before GC-MS introducing solid phase micro-extraction technique linking to various GC detectors. New minds and innovation has bumped into better and more approachable forms of GC by making hybrids of it such as E-nose i.e. headspace-mass spectrometry, a strategic mass spectrometry based instrument with both qualitative and quantitative applications surpassing the bygone separation process. Revolution in the arson and analytical world is making way for non destructible techniques to serve as a better alternative to any of the GC detectors.
3
Banyal, Aditya. "Detection of Various Accelerants Found in Arson Cases: Implications for Fire Investigation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 2106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53460.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Arson cases pose significant challenges to fire investigators due to the deliberate use of accelerants, which are substances that promote and expedite the spread of fire. This research paper presents an analysis of various accelerants commonly found in arson cases and explores their implications for fire investigation. The study involved a comprehensive review of existing literature, case studies, and experimental analysis of accelerant samples collected from real arson incidents. The research aims to provide a deeper understanding of the characteristics, detection methods, and forensic significance of accelerants. The analysis includes a wide range of accelerants, such as gasoline, kerosene, alcohols, and other flammable liquids commonly utilized in arson incidents. Factors affecting the selection, application, and identification of accelerants are examined, including their volatility, residue patterns, and the influence of environmental conditions. Key findings reveal the importance of accurate and timely identification of accelerants in arson investigations. The study highlights the significance of forensic techniques like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in identifying and analysing accelerant residues. Moreover, the paper emphasizes the crucial role of collaboration between fire investigators, forensic experts, and law enforcement agencies to effectively interpret and present the findings in a court of law.
4
Karpov, S. Yu, and V. V. Sadovsky. "PECULIARITIES OF INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL CASES ASSOCIATED WITH ARSONS." Juridical Journal of Samara University 6, no. 4 (December 27, 2020): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-047x-2020-6-4-126-130.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses some of the features of the investigation of criminal cases involving arson. Recommendations are given for the officers of the investigative-operational groups when planning further actions at the initial stage of the investigation of arson. The questions about the influence on the detection rate of the promptness of arrival to the place of the fire of the investigator (interrogator), about the features of collecting information at the place of the fire are touched upon. Obtaining information on the basis of special knowledge, allowing to formulate a search plan for the alleged offender and his criminological personality portrait. With the development of new technologies, for the efficiency of obtaining information from a specialist (expert) in the investigation of arson, it is necessary to use the technology of immersive telepresence (video presence). This allows for a better inspection of the crime scene in the absence of an expert (specialist) directly on the spot. The use of electronic databases and the use of modern means of communication also contribute to solving crimes related to arson hot on the trail.
5
Shin, Kyeong-Su. "Necessity of Granting Independent Firefighting Investigative Authority to Arson Offenders." National Fire Research Institute of Korea 3 (December 31, 2022): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54713/jfri.2022.3.104.
Full textAbstract:
Fire is the oldest danger in human history, beginning with its discovery, and is still an object of existential fear. In particular, arson is a destructive, antisocial, and deliberate crime that causes great human and economic damage to society. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the investigation rights of firefighters, which are necessary to establish a professional and scientific investigation system for arson, and to explore the question of what the fire organization should have. Above all, although firefighters have expertise in controlling fire, and are authorized to investigate crimes, arson is beyond the scope of their investigation and so they do not have the authority to directly investigate such crimes. Therefore, to strengthen the capabilities of the special fire police and increase their investigative power over arson and related crimes, the legal system should be improved so that the special fire officers can be given the primary right to investigate them.
6
Woodward, E. H. "Investigation of Arson — The Cleveland Experiment." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 58, no. 2 (April 1985): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x8505800203.
Full text
7
Kirilenko, Fedir. "Deliberate destruction or damage to another's property caused by arson in 1960-2018." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-3-131-137.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most important elements of the criminological characteristic of intentional destruction of property through arson is the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the commission of this crime, which include the level, structure, dynamics and geography. A full characterization of intentional destruction or damage to property by arson requires consideration of a number of criminological elements, including quantitative and qualitative indicators of intentional destruction or damage to property by arson, characterization of the offender committing intentional destruction or damage to property by arson, cause damage to property by arson. The article looks at statistics from 1960-2018 that reflect the level of crimes related to the deliberate destruction or damage to another's property by arson. The analysis is based on official statistics of the Interior Ministry of Ukraine. The focus is on the dynamics of reported crimes. The study of statistics from 1960-2018 on the deliberate destruction or damage of another's property by means of arson allows to obtain a considerable amount of useful information about the mechanism and means of arson, about the conditions and circumstances under which it was prepared and committed, the identity of the offender, etc. Identifying typical methods of arson can be the basis for developing versions, determining the direction of the investigation and the most appropriate ways to search the offender, establishing and further eliminating the circumstances contributing to the arson. The purpose and purpose of this article is to investigate statistics from 1960-2018 that reflect the results of the activities of law enforcement agencies in the detection of crimes related to the deliberate destruction and damage to property, including those committed by arson. The overall crime rate can be traced to the tables provided in the article. Investigations can form the basis of law-making activities, as well as serve as a basis for further scientific inquiries concerning the criminal-law characteristics of intentional destruction or damage to property.
8
Vella, Alfred J. "Arson investigation using the ion trap detector." Journal of the Forensic Science Society 32, no. 2 (April 1992): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-7368(92)73062-x.
Full text
9
Tsaroom, Shalom. "Investigation of a Murder Case Involving Arson." Journal of Forensic Sciences 41, no. 6 (November 1, 1996): 14051J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs14051j.
Full text
10
Tuhuț, Ligia Ioana, Vlad Mihai Pasculescu, Nicolae Ioan Vlasin, and Florin Manea. "A case study on using the FDS tool for on-site fire investigation." MATEC Web of Conferences 354 (2022): 00015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235400015.
Full textAbstract:
When investigating a fire type event, one has to have in mind that maybe the most important aspect is the identification of the source of ignition. Nowadays, commercial and open-source software are available and can be used during such investigations. The fire field model - Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is one of the most popular numerical model used for fire investigation. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of computer simulations when two hypotheses, Arson effect with multiple fireplaces and electric short circuit are taken into consideration as the cause of the fire. To virtually simulate the findings at the fire site, the FDS tool (Computational Fluid Dynamics) was used. Computational simulations for the two scenarios revealed that the multiple fireplaces scenario, the initial ignition at both the warehouse and the roof of the annex, illustrates the effects of the fire in a similar way to those found at the site, while the scenario with the initial source on the wall of the room with the electrical panel produces a fire located at the level of the construction and is not transmitted to the annex. Consequently, the results obtained validate the multiple outbreak (Arson effect) scenario.
11
Henneberg, Marika Linnéa, and Neil Richard Morling. "Unconfirmed accelerants." International Journal of Evidence & Proof 22, no. 1 (December 25, 2017): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1365712717746419.
Full textAbstract:
Fire investigation is arguably one of the most difficult areas of investigation. The fire scene and available evidence has often been burnt, melted, smoke-stained, water-damaged and trampled on, but the fire investigator still has to make important distinctions between whether a fire was accidental or deliberate (arson). Modern fire investigations often rely on portable electronic detectors to identify ignitable liquid residue (ILR), or accelerant detection canines (ADCs), trained on a number of target substances. An analysis of cases from England and Wales, the United States of America (USA) and Canada demonstrates that sophisticated admissibility frameworks have not been effective in rejecting opinion testimony given by investigators and dog handlers that unconfirmed dog alerts where laboratory tests were negative provided proof of arson. This is problematic and controversial, and the authors conclude that such testimony is not compatible with modern forensic or scientific standards and should not be admitted into courts.
12
Banerjee, Tulika, Lav Kesharwani, and Vimal Rarh. "Study of Characteristic Burn Patterns Formed by Three Different Accelerants on Plastered Wall." Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 5, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jfct.2454.9363.5119.5.
Full textAbstract:
One of the important aspect of arson investigation is to study the burn patterns or characteristics resulting from various accelerants. In India, the basic accelerants which are used to set fire to a scene include petrol, diesel and kerosene. This research article is based on the different types of burn patterns on plastered wall resulting from the use of three different accelerants which are being commonly used to set fire to a scene. Fire was initiated by spilling the accelerant on the plastered wall to simulate the scene of arson. An equal amount of each accelerant was taken for experimental purposes. The burn patterns provided by the three accelerants namely petrol, diesel and kerosene on the plastered wall shows some varying characteristics which help in differentiating the patterns caused by these accelerants. It is expected that results provided by this research will help the arson investigators in the investigation process.
13
Jones, M. "Investigation of fraudulent arson involving a racing car." Science & Justice 42, no. 4 (October 2002): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1355-0306(02)71834-0.
Full text
14
Chi, Jen-Hao, and Peng-Chi Peng. "Application of investigation techniques to identify an arson fire." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 39, no. 5 (March 21, 2016): 578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2016.1146087.
Full text
15
Maurer, Marta K., Michael R. Bukowski, Mary D. Menachery, and Adam R. Zatorsky. "Inquiry-Based Arson Investigation for General Chemistry Using GC−MS." Journal of Chemical Education 87, no. 3 (March 2010): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed800083b.
Full text
16
Chornous, Yu, and A. Lisitskyi. "PECULIARITIES OF THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES COMMITTED BY ARSON." “International Humanitarian University Herald. Jurisprudence”, no. 59 (2022): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32841/2307-1745.2022.59.14.
Full text
17
Ko, Gi-Bong, and Si-Young Lee. "A Study on Improvement of Arson Cause Investigation System in Korea." Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 11, no. 4 (August 31, 2011): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2011.11.4.115.
Full text
18
Cheenmatchaya, Arunrat, and Sukjit Kungwankunakorn. "The detection of residual gasoline for forensic soil investigation in arson." Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 50, no. 1 (November 7, 2016): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2016.1225817.
Full text
19
Yadav, Vijay Kumar, Kriti Nigam, and Ankit Srivastava. "Forensic investigation of arson residue by infrared and Raman spectroscopy: From conventional to non-destructive techniques." Medicine, Science and the Law 60, no. 3 (April 11, 2020): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802420914807.
Full textAbstract:
Arson can result in highly challenging and complicated crime scenes. Much physical evidence undergoes chemical degradation because of the destructive nature of fire, while accelerants either completely burn or evaporate, and may be present in traces within any of the decomposed materials. To identify the original material and the accelerant involved, it is necessary to use advanced analytical techniques. Gas chromatography, with different detectors, is one of the most frequently used instruments in fire debris and accelerant analysis. Among other instruments, capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced thermal desorption Fourier transform mass spectrometry are two major contributors. Vibrational spectroscopy, including infrared absorption and Raman scattering, is one of the major non-destructive tools for the analysis of evidence because of its advantages over other spectroscopic techniques. Most studies involving vibrational spectroscopy (i.e. infrared and Raman spectroscopy) have focused on the identification of commonly found household materials, while very few studies have considered the identification of ignitable liquids. This article reviews studies based on an analysis of fire debris and accelerants by vibrational spectroscopic techniques and considers the limitations and future perspectives of arson investigations in forensic science.
20
Шеков, А. А., Л. В. Дашко, И. В. Харченко, and М. Ю. Гераськин. "THE MOST COMMON DESIGNS OF HOME-MADE INCENSIBLE DEVICES REMOVED WHEN INSPECTING THE SCENE OF AN ARCORD-RELATED INCIDENT." Digest of research works "Criminalistics: yesterday, today, tomorrow", no. 3(27) (September 29, 2023): 242–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55001/2587-9820.2023.80.79.025.
Full textAbstract:
Несмотря на прилагаемые всеми правоохранительными органами усилия, раскрываемость таких тяжких преступлений, как умышленное уничтожение чужого имущества с помощью поджога, остается на довольно низком уровне. При расследовании преступлений этого вида часто приходится сталкиваться с использованием преступниками самодельных зажигательных устройств, представляющих собой специально сконструированные технические устройства, обеспечивающие реализацию преступного умысла поджигателя – возгорание объекта, запланированного для уничтожения. В настоящей статье авторы на основе проведенного анализа экспертной и следственной практики выделили шесть наиболее распространенных типовых конструкций самодельных зажигательных устройств, используемых для поджогов. Рассмотрены конструктивные особенности подобных устройств, составы применяемых зажигательных смесей и средства инициирования горения. На основе полученных данных предложена научно обоснованная классификация и систематизация криминалистически значимых признаков самодельных зажигательных устройств, а также методические подходы по их выявлению и использованию при расследовании преступлений, связанных с поджогами. Despite the efforts made by all law enforcement agencies, the detection of such serious crimes as the deliberate destruction of someone else's property by arson remains at a fairly low level. When investigating crimes of this type, it is often necessary to deal with the use of homemade incendiary devices by criminals, which are specially designed technical devices that ensure the implementation of the criminal intent of the arsonist - the ignition of an object planned for destruction. In this article, the authors, based on the analysis of expert and investigative prac-tice, identified six of the most common typical designs of homemade incendiary devices used for arson. The design features of such devices, the compositions of the incendiary mixtures used and the means of initiating fire are considered. Based on the data ob-tained, a scientifically based classification and systematization of criminalistically signif-icant signs of homemade incendiary devices, as well as methodological approaches for their identification and use in the investigation of arson are proposed.
21
FAYZULLINA, A. A. "Possibilities of forensic medical examination in the investigation of arson concealed murders." Eurasian Law Journal 9, no. 148 (2020): 336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46320/2073-4506-2020-9-148-336-337.
Full text
22
Kim, Si-Kuk, Byeong-Kil Chae, and Yong-Taek Han. "Investigation Techniques of Arson Fire in Low-Temperature Warehouses Using ED-XRF." Fire Science and Engineering 35, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.749c4872.
Full textAbstract:
Investigation techniques for fire prevention in low-temperature warehouses were studied using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF). In the first experiment, a sample (galvanized steel sheet plus urethane foam plus sandwich panel) was burned with 500 mL of a flammable liquid (gasoline, thinner, kerosene, and light oil)/ Then, the component change of the sample was measured. In the combustion experiment, there was a difference in the heat of combustion depending on the type of flammable liquid; however, as a result of measuring the component change of the sample with ED-XRF after combustion, the largest component change was measured in the combustion experiment with gasoline. The change was in the order of thinner, kerosene, and diesel. Using ED-XRF, it was possible to distinguish the flammable liquid used in the experiment by measuring the component change of the sample resulting from the difference in the combustion heat of the flammable liquid. A second experiment was conducted under the same conditions as the first experiment, assuming a fire brigade fire suppression condition, and the combustion time of the flammable liquid was limited to 600 s. A combustion characteristic of flammable liquids is that the temperature and heat flux reach the maximum value within 300 s after the start of combustion regardless of the type of liquid. Because the change of composition was confirmed in the order of light oil, it was possible to distinguish the flammable liquid used at the fire site using the ED-XRF measurement result.
23
Kursky, Viktor F., Alexey G. Shchelochkov, and Artem A. Bechenkov. "Ignition fluids as objects of chemical research in the investigation of arson crimes." Butlerov Communications 64, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-64-12-120.
Full textAbstract:
In connection with the development of modern industry, various means appear to make the life of citizens easier, but this is also used by criminals, modifying, and sometimes leaving some objects in their original state. This is exactly what happened with a new type of ignition means – liquids for lighting firewood and charcoal. Criminals began to use such liquids as a means of crime when setting fire to buildings, structures, cars. The article discusses the physicochemical study of liquids for ignition, sold in the retail trade network as a product for lighting firewood and coal. The wide selection and availability of these objects allows them to be used in the commission of crimes related to arson. The paper considers the range of liquids for ignition with the establishment of their chemical composition, compliance with the composition declared by the manufacturer. A study of eleven samples, often found in the sale of means for ignition, was carried out by gas chromatography using a gas chromatograph Kristall-5000.2 with a flame ionization detector, in addition, the obtained compositions were compared with the manufacturer's declared on the label. It was found that for a number of samples the compositions differ from those declared, for example, the manufacturer declared a mixture of hydrocarbons for the ignition fluid "Lighter", but in fact only methanol, the fluid for ignition "FLAME" declared a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, and in fact, ethanol, ethyl acetate and diethyl acetate. Thus, the manufacturer, trying to save on ingredients and production methods, uses cheaper and simpler chemical compositions.
24
Lisitskyi, Andrii. "FEATURES OF FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS DURING THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES COMMITTED BY ARSON." Knowledge, Education, Law, Management 45, no. 1 (2022): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51647/kelm.2022.1.27.
Full text
25
Полянская, М. А. "CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES RELATED TO THE DESTRUCTION AND DAMAGE OF FOREST AND OTHER PLANTINGS BY ARSON." Digest of research works "Criminalistics: yesterday, today, tomorrow", no. 3(23) (September 30, 2022): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55001/2587-9820.2022.85.64.011.
Full textAbstract:
Преступления, связанные с уничтожением и повреждением лесных и иных насаждений путем поджога, характеризуются высокой латентностью. Пожар является неконтролируемым горением, при котором создается угроза жизни, здоровью граждан, наносится вред экологии, страдает фауна и флора, причиняется колоссальный материальный ущерб гражданам, интересам общества и государства. Лесной пожар возникает вследствие природного фактора (сухих гроз), неосторожного обращения с огнем, умышленного поджога, техногенной аварии. Отличить умышленный поджог от иных причин возникновения лесного пожара — довольно сложная задача для дознавателя или следователя. Для того, чтобы найти признаки преступления и зафиксировать следы совершения умышленного поджога, требуется организованная и слаженная работа следственной оперативной группы. От собранной информации и своевременного закрепления следов преступления зависит, будет ли возбуждено уголовное дело. Для расследования преступления значительную роль играет информация об общих закономерностях механизма совершения рассматриваемого вида преступления, а также его отличительных чертах. С позиций теории учения о криминалистической характеристике проводится анализ точек зрения ученых, о содержании и структуре криминалистической характеристики преступления в широком смысле и непосредственно изучение криминалистической характеристики преступлений, связанных с криминальными пожарами и поджогами. Проведено исследование следственной практики, материалов проверок по фактам возгорания лесных и иных насаждений и заключений экспертов на предмет криминалистически значимой информации о преступлениях, связанных с поджогом лесных и иных насаждений. Предлагаются подходы к построению криминалистической характеристики преступлений, связанных с уничтожением или повреждением лесных и иных насаждений путем поджога, и ее элементов. Crimes related to the destruction and damage of forest and other plantings by arson are characterized by high latency. A fire is an uncontrolled combustion, in which endanger human life or health of citizens, harm is done to the environment, fauna and flora suffer, enormous material damage is caused to citizens, the interests of society and the state. A forest fire occurs due to a natural factor (dry thunderstorms), careless handling of fire, deliberate arson, man-made accident. Distinguishing intentional arson from other causes of a forest fire is quite a difficult task for an inquirer or investigator. In order to find the signs of a crime and fix the traces of deliberate arson, an organized and well-coordinated work of the investigative task force is required. Whether a criminal case will be initiated depends on the information collected and the timely fixing of the traces of the crime. For the investigation of a crime, information about the general laws of the mechanism of commission of the type of crime in question, as well as its distinctive features, plays a significant role. From the standpoint of the theory of the doctrine of criminalistic characteristics, the analysis of the points of view of scientists on the content and structure of the criminalistic characteristics of a crime in a broad sense and the direct study of the criminalistic characteristics of crimes related to criminal fires and arson is carried out. A study of investigative practice, materials of inspections on the facts of fire of forest and other plantings and expert opinions for criminally significant information about crimes related to arson of forest and other plantings was conducted. Approaches to the construction of criminalistic characteristics and its elements of crimes related to the destruction or damage of forest and other plantings by arson are proposed.
26
Lisitskyi, A. "Tactics of inspection of the scene during the investigation of criminal offenses committed by arson." Ûridična psihologìâ 27, no. 1 (2021): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33270/03212801.88.
Full text
27
Yuen, Anthony Chun Yin, Guan Heng Yeoh, Bob Alexander, and Morgan Cook. "Fire scene investigation of an arson fire incident using computational fluid dynamics based fire simulation." Building Simulation 7, no. 5 (January 17, 2014): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12273-014-0164-9.
Full text
28
Казанцев, Сергей Яковлевич, and Галина Алексеевна Скрипко. "FEATURES AND ISSUES OF FOREST FIRES INVESTIGATION." Вестник Казанского юридического института МВД России, no. 3(53) (September 29, 2023): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37973/kui.2023.74.78.012.
Full textAbstract:
Введение: в статье рассматриваются особенности расследования лесных пожаров. Авторы обосновывают необходимость более глубокого исследования причин, снижающих полноту получения доказательной информации в ходе доследственных и следственных действий. Материалы и методы: для определения особенностей расследования лесных пожаров использовался логический метод сравнительного анализа относительно методик: осмотр места пожара, частные методики расследования пожаров и расследования поджогов. Для выявления проблем, связанных с нормативно-правовым регулированием общественных отношений, которые возникают в сфере расследования и раскрытия преступлений, касающихся уничтожения или повреждения лесных насаждений от неосторожного обращения с огнем, поджога или нарушения правил пожарной безопасности, использовался метод функционального анализа нормативных правовых актов. Результаты исследования: проблема низкой раскрываемости рассматриваемой в статье категории преступлений связана c неполнотой объема собираемой доказательной информации. Обсуждение и заключение: по мнению авторов, причина заключается в неурегулированности межведомственных взаимодействиях органов МВД России, Рослесхоза, Генпрокуратуры, МЧС России; отсутствии постоянно действующей межведомственной следственно-оперативной группы. Недостаток специальных знаний у дознавателей и следователей, принимающих участие в расследовании лесных пожаров, выявил необходимость создания специализированного отдела по предварительному расследованию экологических преступлений в Следственном департаменте МВД России и его подразделениях. Introduction: article discusses specificities of forest fires. The authors prove the need for in-depth study reasons lowering comprehensiveness of the evidence during conduct of investigation and pre-investigation actions. Materials and Methods: to identify features of the given type of investigation the authors used comparative analysis in the methods of a fire place, specific approaches in fire investigation and arsons. The authors used the method of morphological analysis of regulatory acts to identify regulatory challenges in social relations that emerge in criminal detection and investigation of forest damage and destruction caused by careless handling of fire, arson or fire security regulations. Results: basing on the study the authors concluded that low crime detection of fire crimes relates to incomplete evidence. Discussion and Conclusions: According to the authors’ view the main reason is improper interactions between the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Russian Forestry Agency, the Prosecutor-General's Office, the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, lack of ongoing interagency crime scene investigation team. Lack of expertise of inquiry officers and investigators involved in fire investigation exposed the need for a specialized department for initial investigation of environmental crimes in the Investigation department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and its subdivisions.
29
Li, Ying Yu, Yan Yan Chu, Hao Shen, and Dong Liang. "Study on Fire Residues in Pure Cotton Fabric Combustion." Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (December 2011): 1479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.1479.
Full textAbstract:
Residual accelerant from fire debris is the major evidence in the fire investigation. Because all evidences are almost damaged by fire, many isolation methods of analytical chemistry has been already used in extracting trace residue. In this paper, ultrasonic extraction is applied to isolate the residual accelerant and hexane as the solvent. The solution obtained from the residue is tested by GC-MS to analyze their total ion chromatogram (TIC). The chromatographic patterns observed for ignitable liquids are different from the patterns observed for without ignitable liquids. The composition of two samples and content of the fire residues have been analyzed. It’s very important for forensic chemist to distinguish the arson or natural fire.
30
Singh Bumbrah, Gurvinder, Rajinder Kumar Sarin, and Rakesh Mohan Sharma. "Derivative Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Studies on Ignitable Liquids." Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 4, no. 1 (June 15, 2018): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jfct.2454.9363.4118.2.
Full textAbstract:
The present article describes the potential utility of derivative ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric technique in the discrimination of different kinds of ignitable liquids in their neat states. Derivative UV spectrophotometry is capable of differentiating these ignitable liquids as derivative spectra have more number of points for comparison than their corresponding normal zero order spectrum. Derivative spectra are relatively simple. The technique is rapid, simple, cost-effective and can be used for the screening purpose at the initial stage of investigation. Taking into account the results obtained in the present work, it is possible to suggest the use of this technique to distinguish these ignitable liquids, if recovered from arson scene or clandestine laboratories.
31
Teague, Hollie A. "Black and Blue in North Texas: The Long Neglected History of Anti-Black Police Violence in North Texas, 1880-1930." Journal of Black Studies 49, no. 8 (July 5, 2018): 756–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934718785631.
Full textAbstract:
Recent anti-Black police violence in North Texas has been treated as an anomaly. In fact, as this article demonstrates, a long history of police brutality and wanton dereliction of duty has defined the relationship between the criminal justice system and the Black community in the area. Focusing on the period from 1880 to 1930, this work attempts to shine a much-needed spotlight on a region that is often overlooked. Newspaper articles provide the primary source material for much of the investigation, supported by interviews and secondary sources. What materializes is a clear pattern of police violence and abandonment that includes lynchings, rapes, sexual misconduct with children, murder, arson, and large-scale expulsion. A recognition of human dignity demands the history of North Texas receives appropriate scholarly attention.
32
Полянская, М. А. "PECULIARITIES OF INTERACTION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES WITH BODIES OF INQUIRY AND OTHER OFFICIALS IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES RELATED TO THE DESTRUCTION OR DAMAGE OF FOREST AND OTHER PLANTINGS BY ARSON." Digest of research works "Criminalistics: yesterday, today, tomorrow", no. 2(26) (June 30, 2023): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55001/2587-9820.2023.66.14.012.
Full textAbstract:
Статья посвящена особенностям и проблемам взаимодействия следователя с органами дознания и другими должностными лицами при расследовании преступлений, связанных с уничтожением или повреждением лесных и иных насаждений путем поджога. Анализ следственной и судебной практики позволил определить и выстроить этапы взаимодействия и проблемные вопросы при взаимодействии. На основе выявленных закономерностей автором предложены тактические рекомендации по эффективному взаимодействию This article is devoted to the peculiarities and problems of the investigator's interaction with the bodies of inquiry and other officials in the investigation of crimes related to the destruction or damage of forest and other plantings by arson. The analysis of investigative and judicial practice made it possible to identify and build the stages of interaction and problematic issues during interaction. Based on the revealed patterns, the author offers tactical recommendations for effective interaction.
33
Surzhik, Dmitry. "FBI Against Terrorism: Investigation and PR." ISTORIYA 14, no. 5 (127) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025749-2.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the study of a number of examples of politically motivated terrorist attacks and sabotage on the infrastructure of the United States in 1914—1920, the authors examine their background and impact on the development of the (Federal — since 1935) Bureau of Investigation. The authors of this article adhere to the traditional definitions of a terrorist act and sabotage accepted in domestic historical science and law. A terrorist act (terrorist act) is the commission of an explosion, arson or other actions that frighten the population and create the threat of human death, significant property damage or other serious consequences, with the aim of destabilizing the activities of authorities or international organizations or influence their decision-making, as well as the threat of committing the above actions for the same purposes . Diversion is a method of armed struggle, actions of specially prepared units (groups) or individuals in the rear of the enemy to disable military, industrial and other objects, destruction of roads and means of communication, nodes and lines of communication, objects of vital importance of population, disruption of command of troops, destruction of manpower and equipment, influence on the moral and psychological state of troops and the enemy population . The authors conclude that the administrative structure and methods of work of the Bureau of Investigation of the United States have changed due to new threats to law and order in the United States. The article is written in the problem-chronological method: politically motivated terrorist acts are examined first, followed by random (arbitrary) terrorist self-detonations, and this empirical series ends with an account of the 1916 Manhattan War Materials Depot sabotage. We consider the anarchist attacks of 1919, as well as the famous Sacco and Vanzetti case, as two of the earliest and most striking examples of political terror in the United States, to which the young Bureau of Investigation had to respond.
34
Yu, Li Li, and Shu Jun Liu. "Inspection and Determination of a Vehicle Arson Case According to Diesel Fuel and Gasoline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 339 (July 2013): 751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.339.751.
Full textAbstract:
From a vehicle arson case, it briefly introduced the basic situation and investigation of fire, particularly discussed the inspection process of samples, even compared some main components with suspected criminal tool at length. The results showed that it was deteced gasoline composition in extracted material evidence of vehicle combustion residue,but the vehicle were diesel fuel car. Then it analysed in detail the difference of gasoline, diesel oil and mixture of gasoline and diesel oil on composition. Their composition characteristics were both have aromatic hydrocarbons, such as dimethylbenzene series, trimethylbenzene series, tetramethylbenzeneseries, methylindane, naphthalene series, But alkane composition and distribution was not the same, as diesel contained C11-C20 linear paraffin and branched paraffin which obviously normal distribution, even the content of alkanes was significantly higher than aromatic hydrocarbon.but gasoline was different , not only the alkane characteristics is not obvious, but also aromatic hydrocarbons high content; While the content of alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbon were similar in mixture. By comparing the plastic drum left on scene with inspected samples, their gasoline characteristics were the same, Thus we can determine the plastic drum was criminal tool of setting fire, it could provide powerful evidence to solve cases for fire investigators and criminal investigators.
35
Del Bove, Giannetta, and Sherri Mackay. "An Empirically Derived Classification System for Juvenile Firesetters." Criminal Justice and Behavior 38, no. 8 (April 28, 2011): 796–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854811406224.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the heterogeneity of juvenile firesetters, the literature lacks empirically based classification systems. Existing typologies have been descriptive, arbitrarily segregate subtypes based on univariate characteristics, and lack empirical validation. In the present investigation, cluster analysis was used to develop a classification of juvenile firesetters based on both fire-specific and general individual and environmental variables associated to firesetting severity and recidivism. Participants included 240 firesetters aged 4 to 17 and primary caretakers who were referred to The Arson Prevention Program for Children. Findings indicate that juvenile firesetters are a heterogeneous group that can be empirically separated into conventional-limited, home-instability-moderate, and multi-risk-persistent firesetters. These subtypes differ on fire-specific characteristics, individual and environmental variables, and firesetting recidivism and general outcome. The implications of this classification system for conducting fire-risk assessments and implementing prevention and treatment strategies are also discussed.
36
Otašević, Božidar, and Vladimir Tonić. "Significance of combustion accelerator traces in criminal investigations of intentionally set vehicle fires." Bezbednost, Beograd 66, no. 2 (2024): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bezbednost2402025o.
Full textAbstract:
Determining the cause of car fires is a combined expert examination conducted as the examination of a burnt car by the experts of the National Forensic Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Serbia. The expert examination primarily determines whether the fire occurred as a result of spontaneous combustion or it was either a negligent or an intentionally caused fire - arson. The procedure involves an investigation of the scene of the incident and an expert examination of material retrieved from the scene of the fire or from persons who are suspected to have been present at the scene of the fire. That place contains a lot of personal and material information, possible evidence in the proceedings. The aim of this paper is to point out, based on practical examples, the specific traces showing the use of combustion accelerators, which in criminal investigations unequivocally indicates that the car was set on fire intentionally. Concentric flow trails, droplet flow and obstacle bypass, funnel flow trail, accelerant concentration trail, or uneven burning as a trail, are just some of the variants of combustion accelerator trails. The analysis of such traces on the practical examples has an exceptional didactic value. Accredited laboratories today have validated methods and instruments for detecting the presence of minimal amounts of combustion accelerants in a sample.
37
Adebisi, Kolawole Shittu, and Daramola Nurudeen Olanrewaju. "Psychological Profiling of Criminals in Violent Crime Investigations in Nigerian Criminal Justice System." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (December 31, 2020): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.25.
Full textAbstract:
The Nigerian criminal justice system is not entirely ignorant or unaware of the use and the merits of the application of criminal profiling as a tool in crime investigation. The technique was introduced to help law enforcement agencies solve serious crimes such as serial rape or murder and to a lesser extent arson and property crime. At the heart of profiling lies the belief that by combining psychological principles with crime scene analysis, it is possible to identify the likely characteristics of a perpetrator. However, criminal profiling in Nigeria has not nearly reached the level of recognition, functionality, or institutionalization that it has attained in other jurisdictions. This study aims to examine the feasibility and the practicality of offender profiling in a criminal investigation of violent crimes with a particular focus on the Nigerian criminal justice system. It will also give an expository critique of the loopholes and impediments in the Nigerian criminal justice system and ways criminal profiling can fill up these holes. The research methods employed in this study include a combination of both primary and secondary sources. The work highlighted the effectiveness of this field and thus concluded that criminal investigative analysis should be effectively immersed into the justice system and should also receive as much recognition as it has in other jurisdictions especially in the United States and in major parts of Europe.
38
Alani, Omar, Ahmed Y. Qasim, and Laith Al-Jobouri. "Could 5G Technology Be the Cause of COVID-19?" Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research 8, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol8i1id41.
Full textAbstract:
The burning of 5G sites across the UK in April 2020 has shocked the scientific and industrial society in the UK. The UK's mobile networks have reported 20 cases of masts being targeted in suspected arson attacks over the Easter weekend [1]. The attacks have been driven by conspiracy theories, which claim that the deployment of 5G networks has caused or helped accelerating the spread of COVID-19. But scientists say the connection between COVID-19 and 5G is a "complete nonsense" and biologically impossible. This article discusses the claims about 5G technology and its link to COVID-19 and will make a conclusion whether conspiracy theories have any ground. Our fact checking investigation lead to the conclusion that any claims connecting this technology to the pandemic are false. Inversely, the huge capabilities offered by 5G especially with IoT and AI that could be used to revolutionize the healthcare sector by providing better assistance to the frontline staff, and facilitating improved virus tracking, patient monitoring, data collection, and analysis.
39
O. Olatunji, Sunday, and Imran A. Adeleke. "DATA MINING IN IDENTIFYING PREMIUM AND REGULAR GASOLINE USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES AS NOVEL APPROACH FOR ARSON AND FUEL SPILL INVESTIGATION." International Journal on Information Sciences and Computing 4, no. 2 (2010): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18000/ijisac.50080.
Full text
40
DeSisto, Marco, Jillian Cavanagh, and Timothy Bartram. "Bushfire investigations in Australia." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 41, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-07-2018-0270.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of collective leadership in emergency management organisations. More specifically, the authors investigate the conditions that enable or prevent collective leadership amongst key actors in the emergency management network in bushfire investigations. We also examine how chief investigators facilitate the conditions to effectively distribute leadership and the role of social networks within this process. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study approach was undertaken, and 18 semi-structured interviews were carried out with chief investigators, 6 at each of three agencies in Australia. A framework for understanding collective leadership (Friedrich et al., 2016) was used to examine key leadership constructs, baseline leadership and outcomes relative to bushfire investigations. Findings Findings demonstrate that there is no evidence of collective leadership at the network level of bushfire investigations. There is mixed evidence of collective leadership within bushfire investigation departments, with the Arson Squad being the only government agency to engage in collective leadership. The authors found evidence that government bureaucracy and mandated protocols inhibited the ability of formal leaders to distribute leadership, gauge a clear understanding of the level of skill and expertise amongst chief investigators and poor communication that inhibited knowledge of investigations. Research limitations/implications The study was limited to three bushfire investigative agencies. A future study will be carried out with other stakeholders, such as fire investigators and firefighters in the field. Practical implications For the government, emergency management agencies and other stakeholders, a key enabler of collective leadership within the emergency management network is the presence of a formal leader within a network. That leader has the authority and political ability to distribute leadership to other experts. Social implications The paper contributes to developing a better understanding of the efficacy and challenges associated with the application of collective leadership theory in a complex government bureaucracy. There are positive implications for the safety of firefighters, the protection of the broader community, their properties and livestock. Originality/value The authors address the lack of literature on effective leadership processes amongst emergency management agencies. The paper contributes to extending collective leadership theory by unpacking the processes through which leadership is distributed to team members and the role of institutions (i.e. fire investigation bureaucracy) on social networks within this integrative process. The authors provide new insights into the practice of collective leadership in complex bureaucratic organisations.
41
Jaffe, James. "The Indian Panchayat, Access to Knowledge and Criminal Prosecutions in Colonial Bombay, 1827–61." Law and History Review 38, no. 1 (February 2020): 47–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248019000567.
Full textAbstract:
Throughout the mofussil of the Bombay Presidency British judges and magistrates called upon panchayats, that is, caste or village councils, to help them administer justice. By the mid-nineteenth century, panchayats were being deployed by British justices not only to offer their advice to judges attempting to decide a case, but much more frequently to investigate crimes, including murder, assault, robbery, arson, forgery, rape, and property disputes. Moreover, the active participation of the panchayat in the administration of criminal law varied as much in form as in function. In different scenarios, the panchayat functioned as a coroner's court, a criminal investigation team, and a general witnessing agent for the courts. With very few exceptions, they almost always appear in a supporting role on the prosecution side of any case offering their opinions on the crime in question in written form. Judges, for their part, appear to have relied quite heavily upon these recommendations and there are very few instances in which the panchayat's opinions were either ignored or rejected. There thus developed a hybrid system of justice whereby judges and magistrates adapted, transformed, and incorporated the expertise and knowledge of the ‘customary’ panchayat to suit the needs of British governance and legal administration.
42
Matiuk, A., I. Ryabinin, R. Huseinov, and I. Shebalkov. "INVESTIGATION OF EXTERNAL (VISUAL) SIGNS OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS DETECTED AT THE SCENE OF FIRE." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 21, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2020_26.
Full textAbstract:
The article purpose is to systematize the external (visual) signs of the use of flammable and combustible liquids as a combustion intensifier at the scene of fire and the methodology of the analysis of these signs to provide reasonable, reliable conclusions when conducting forensic examination in the forensic specialty 10.8. Research on the circumstances of fire occurrence and spread and compliance with fire safety requirements.
A particular relevance of using a set of special knowledge while investiga- tion of crimes related to fires is explained by the fact that almost only conclu- sions of forensic examinations make it possible to establish the very fact of the commission of such a crime as arson. The analysis of forensic practice showed that a significant part of crimes related to fires occurs when flammable and com- bustible liquids are used. At the same time, a reliable establishment of the fact of flammable liquids and combustible liquids use as intensifiers (initiators and ac- celerators) of burning is a crucial, key factor that must be defined for the inves- tigation completeness. The fact of determining unpredicted release of flammable and combustible liquids in the area of fire is a direct indication of committing a crime, yet this sign is quite often the only proof of the criminal nature of fire. However, the establishment of the fact of the use of flammable and combusti- ble liquids usually occurs during the analysis of quite specific visible signs left at the fire scene. In the suggested paper, the authors systematized the external (visual) signs of the use of flammable and combustible liquids as an intensifier of combustion at the fire scene and a methodology for the analysis of all these signs to provide reasonable and reliable conclusions when conducting forensic examinations in the forensic specialty 10.8 Research on the circumstances of fire occurrence and spread and compliance with fire safety requirements.
43
Mohd Kusrin, Zuliza, Abrahman Roseliza-Murni, Wafaa Yusof, Zaini Nasohah, Mohd Al Adib Samuri, Nurul Ilyana Muhd Adnan, and Zahidah Dahalan. "PEOPLE WITH AUTISM AND THE PROPENSITY FOR LAW-BREAKING: A SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVE." UUM Journal of Legal Studies 14, no. 2 (July 31, 2023): 509–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2023.14.2.4.
Full textAbstract:
Autism is a subtype of neuro-developmental disorders, that causes the afflicted person to have social skills deficit, which then manifests into their behaviours. Behaviours that are typical among persons with autism, such as obsessions with daily routine, difficulties in understanding abstract matters and codes of conduct may expose them to engage in indecent acts in public or exhibit other forms of risky behaviours that violate social norms and break the law. The objective of this research is to study the behaviour of persons with autism who tend to break the law based on the perspective of teachers at autism centres in Malaysia. Data were collected through focus group discussion (FGD) with 25 special education teachers who were directly involved in the process of early intervention and education of children with autism. Data obtained were then analyzed descriptively and thematic analysis was conducted to obtain the recurring themes. Results of FGD demonstrated that the frequently emerging themes of rule-breaking behaviors committed by persons with autism are physically hurting others, setting buildings on fire (arson), vandalism of public property, theft, sexual and cyber offences which are considered criminal acts under the Penal Code and the Shariah Criminal Offences State Enactment/Act. Most research participants, however, considered these behaviors to be part of the individual with autism behavior and thus do not consider them serious enough to report to law enforcement for investigation and prosecution. Thus, it is recommended that teachers, parents, and caretakers be more attentive to preventing high-risk behavior of persons with autism through ongoing early intervention programs tailored to meet the needs of persons with autism. Research findings can help society tobetter understand autistic behavior that needs timely intervention, so it will not lead to an investigation by the police or criminal prosecution.
44
Zakharova, Olga. "The 1862 Case of the Writer F. M. Dostoevsky." Неизвестный Достоевский 8, no. 3 (September 2021): 72–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j10.art.2021.5621.
Full textAbstract:
Dostoevsky's first trip abroad in the summer of 1862 took place in the midst of an aggravated political situation in Russia, facilitated by radical revolutionary unrest in St. Petersburg, Moscow and other cities, fires that followed the proclamations and raised suspicions of arson. To combat radical propaganda, an Investigative Commission for the dissemination of revolutionary appeals was established under the chairmanship of Prince A. F. Golitsyn. F. M. Dostoevsky, who had met with Herzen in London in July 1862, came to its attention. The article examines materials from the investigation file of the III Department “On the writer Fyodor Dostoevsky,” which have not been previously published and which allow to clarify both the facts of the writer’s biography, and the significance of this historical and literary event. The register of books and papers seized from Dostoevsky at the border is of particular interest. An analysis allows to understand what concerned the writer, what he read and deliberated. The first issue of the magazine "Russische Revue", published in May 1862, is of particular importance. Its editor V. Wolfson witnessed Dostoevsky's literary success in 1845. He witnessed Dostoevsky’s triumph at the salon of Prince Odoevsky, and was an admirer and translator of his works. The article establishes new facts of German-Russian literary contacts in 1840-1860 and Dostoevsky’s biography.
45
Callegari, Enrica, Enrico Mazzobel, Silvano Zancaner, Paolo Fais, Guido Viel, and Giovanni Cecchetto. "Phosgene Inhalation in Fire-Related Deaths: A Case Report of Two Lovers Burnt in a Travelling Carousel." Forensic Sciences 4, no. 3 (June 26, 2024): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci4030018.
Full textAbstract:
Fire deaths present several diagnostic challenges for the forensic examiner, the most significant of which is the identification of the cause of death and the evaluation of the morphological consequences of heat injuries in the ante-mortem and post-mortem periods. Here, we describe the case of two young lovers found dead inside a travelling carousel destroyed by a fire. Circumstantial evidence of disputes between families running the town fair raised the suspicion of intentional arson. Comparative analysis of crime scene investigation, radiological, autoptic, histological, and toxicological findings revealed signs of vitality (i.e., presence of soot deposits inside the respiratory and digestive tracts, heat damage to the respiratory mucosa) and identified fatal asphyxia from haemorrhagic pulmonary oedema as the cause of death. Since the experimental burning of plastic samples collected from a similar carousel demonstrated the significant production of phosgene, the death of the two lovers was attributed to the probable inhalation of this gas. The case presented here underlines the importance of a multidisciplinary approach of any fire-related death, providing an insight into circumstantial and forensic (autopsy, toxicological, and immunohistopathological) elements useful in raising suspicion of possible toxic gas inhalation. In the presence of high levels of PVC materials at the fire scene and pulmonary oedema at the autopsy, with no alternative causes of death, the forensic pathologist must suspect a fatal exposure to phosgene.
46
Douglas, Delia. "Un/Covering White Lies: Exposing Racism in the Era of Racelessness." Journal of Critical Race Inquiry 7, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 22–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/jcri.v7i2.13536.
Full textAbstract:
This project examines a Canadian court case that involves the largest arson homicide in the history of Vancouver, British Columbia. In May 2006 a fire killed four members of a Congolese refugee family (Adela Etibako and three of her children, Benedicta, Edita, and Stephane) along with Ashley Singh, the South Asian girlfriend of the target and sole survivor of the fire, Bolingo Etibako. On October 5, 2008 the accused, Nathan Fry, a 20-year-old white male, was found guilty of five counts of first-degree murder and one count of attempted murder. Fry received an automatic life sentence without the possibility of parole for 25 years. This paper considers this crime and the legal proceedings as a case study that can further our understanding of discourses of race, racism, and citizenship in Canada, and their link to Mbembe’s (2003) notion of necropolitics, what he terms as the politics of life and death. I argue that the viciousness of the crime, an offense involving a white male perpetrator and victims all of whom are racialized as Black and Brown, reflects the embodied practices and psychological processes that are both emblematic of, and integral to, the violence of coloniality, and the racial relations and structural arrangements of present-day white settler society (Martinot, 2010; Razack, 2002, 2005). I show how the crime, the investigation, and the trial communicate symbolically and materially what bell hooks (1992) characterizes as the “terrorizing force of white supremacy” (p. 344).
47
Nizio, Katie, and Shari Forbes. "Developing a Method for the Collection and Analysis of Burnt Remains for the Detection and Identification of Ignitable Liquid Residues Using Body Bags, Dynamic Headspace Sampling, and TD-GC×GC-TOFMS." Separations 5, no. 3 (September 17, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations5030046.
Full textAbstract:
In cases of suspected arson, a body may be intentionally burnt to cause loss of life, dispose of remains, or conceal identification. A primary focus of a fire investigation, particularly involving human remains, is to establish the cause of the fire; this often includes the forensic analysis of fire debris for the detection of ignitable liquid residues (ILRs). Commercial containers for the collection of fire debris evidence include metal cans, glass jars, and polymer/nylon bags of limited size. This presents a complication in cases where the fire debris consists of an intact, or partially intact, human cadaver. This study proposed the use of a body bag as an alternative sampling container. A method was developed and tested for the collection and analysis of ILRs from burnt porcine remains contained within a body bag using dynamic headspace sampling (using an Easy-VOC™ hand-held manually operated grab-sampler and stainless steel sorbent tubes containing Tenax TA) followed by thermal desorption comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC×GC-TOFMS). The results demonstrated that a body bag containing remains burnt with gasoline tested positive for the presence of gasoline, while blank body bag controls and a body bag containing remains burnt without gasoline tested negative. The proposed method permits the collection of headspace samples from burnt remains before the remains are removed from the crime scene, limiting the potential for contamination and the loss of volatiles during transit and storage.
48
Hlova, T., B. Hlova, A. Baranov, and O. Korolova. "Investigation of the stress-strain state of the wall and bottom of cylindrical tanks for the storage of explosive substances." Military Technical Collection, no. 27 (November 30, 2022): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.27.2022.53-59.
Full textAbstract:
Using the method of mathematical modeling, as well as the laws of thermodynamics, analytical dependences were obtained to study the stress-strain state of spherical tanks depending on the different surface temperatures of this structure. The calculations performed showed that the radial stresses are insignificant compared to the tangential ones, which act on tension. The greatest absolute value of tangential stresses is taken on the inner surface of the spherical structure, acting in tension and on the outer surface – compression. The investigation results are presented graphically.
Explosive and toxic substances are a major component of military bases stored in special-purposes tanks, namely spherical tanks, which are one of the most common. As a result of sabotage or arson of these tanks, there is a leak of toxic substances and the formation of steam and gas clouds which can lead to an explosion, significant thermal radiation, and the possibility of infection of military equipment, territory, and various objects in the vicinity of the accident, including personnel, which makes it impossible to conduct hostilities for a long time.
Analyzing the experience of accidents at similar facilities, several types of accidents of spherical gasholders during their depressurization are possible, namely: explosion, flare, fireball, fire of toxic substances and the presence of a saturated explosive cloud. Analyzing the extraordinary accidents in the places of storage of toxic, explosive substances and fuels and lubricants, which are related to the violation of their storage and exploitation, allows us to conclude that this is a global problem of today. Therefore, to prevent explosion and fire hazards, the strength of engineering structures that contain toxic and explosive substances are quite high requirements.
One of the main tasks in the general problem of explosion and fire safety is the ability to timely warn or prevent accidental explosions on building, military or explosion-proof structures, as well as personnel nearby. Therefore, the impact of temperature on special-purpose tanks due to sabotage, natural factors and abnormal cases on the strength characteristics of engineering structures of this type are important, both theoretically and practically.
49
Hlova, T., M. Semerak, B. Hlova, and O. Korolova. "The investigation of the stress-strain state of special purpose capacities for storage of explosion and toxic substances under their heating." Military Technical Collection, no. 26 (June 23, 2022): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.26.2022.28-32.
Full textAbstract:
Using the method of mathematical modeling, as well as the laws of thermodynamics, analytical dependences were obtained to study the stress-strain state of spherical tanks depending on the different surface temperatures of this structure. The calculations performed showed that the radial stresses are insignificant compared to the tangential ones, which act on tension. The greatest absolute value of tangential stresses is taken on the inner surface of the spherical structure, acting in tension and on the outer surface – compression. The investigation results are presented graphically.
Explosive and toxic substances are a major component of military bases stored in special-purposes tanks, namely spherical tanks, which are one of the most common. As a result of sabotage or arson of these tanks, there is a leak of toxic substances and the formation of steam and gas clouds which can lead to an explosion, significant thermal radiation, and the possibility of infection of military equipment, territory, and various objects in the vicinity of the accident, including personnel, which makes it impossible to conduct hostilities for a long time.
Analyzing the experience of accidents at similar facilities, several types of accidents of spherical gasholders during their depressurization are possible, namely: explosion, flare, fireball, fire of toxic substances and the presence of a saturated explosive cloud. Analyzing the extraordinary accidents in the places of storage of toxic, explosive substances and fuels and lubricants, which are related to the violation of their storage and exploitation, allows us to conclude that this is a global problem of today. Therefore, to prevent explosion and fire hazards, the strength of engineering structures that contain toxic and explosive substances are quite high requirements.
One of the main tasks in the general problem of explosion and fire safety is the ability to timely warn or prevent accidental explosions on building, military or explosion-proof structures, as well as personnel nearby. Therefore, the impact of temperature on special-purpose tanks due to sabotage, natural factors and abnormal cases on the strength characteristics of engineering structures of this type are important, both theoretically and practically.
50
Sobko, Ganna. "Criminological and Criminal Law Signs of Mental Violence in Crimes Against Public Security Under the Criminal Law of Ukraine." Russian Journal of Criminology 15, no. 3 (July 2, 2021): 380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2021.15(3).380-391.
Full textAbstract:
The author examines topical aspects of specifying mental violence in the criminal legislation of Ukraine on the basis of Articles from the Section «Crimes against Public Security», namely «Banditry», «Terrorist Acts», «Intentionally False Report about a Threat to Public Security, or a Threat of Property Destruction or Damage». Special attention is paid to the empirical data collected on the basis of indicators of the Prosecutor General’s Office of Ukraine, the guilty verdicts of the courts of Ukraine under the above-mentioned Articles. On this basis, the author specifies objective attributes of the presence of mental violence in the above-mentioned crimes, analyzes their significance and, using the cases of court verdicts, proves the presence of mental violence. Mental violence is expressed through the use of the following terminology: coercion, compulsion, involvement, threats, recruitment, use of weapons, exerting psychological pressure against the victim, threat (of explosion, arson or other actions terrorizing the population, posing danger of human death, considerable damage to property or other grave consequences). The author has analyzed and presented the percentage ratio of all crimes under consideration and, using the conducted analysis, has developed recommendations on supplementing the formal components constituting these crimes with a compulsory object of the mental health of the population. Besides, having assessed the cumulative data from the survey of police officers whose work is connected with crime investigation, the author concludes that, within the framework of crimes against public security, such criminal means as involvement and coercion are varieties of mental violence which, through psychological influence, change a person’s mentality and behavior. To improve the professional competence of investigators in the spheres of psychology, criminal law and criminology, the author suggests developing for investigators an algorithm of actions for identifying mental violence in crimes against public security.