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Bloom, Kelly. "Orientalism in French 19th Century Art." Thesis, Boston College, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/477.
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Thesis advisor: Jeffery Howe<br>The Orient has been a mythical, looming presence since the foundation of Islam in the 7th century. It has always been the “Other” that Edward Said wrote about in his 1979 book Orientalism. The gulf of misunderstanding between the myth and the reality of the Near East still exists today in the 21st century. Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798 and the subsequent colonization of the Near East is perhaps the defining moment in the Western perception of the Near East. At the beginning of modern colonization, Napoleon and his companions arrived in the Near East convinced of their own superiority and authority; they were Orientalists. The supposed superiority of Europeans justified the colonization of Islamic lands. Said never specifically wrote about art; however, his theories on colonialism and Orientalism still apply. Linda Nochlin first made use of them in her article “The Imaginary Orient” from 1983. Artists such as Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Eugène Delacroix and Jean-Léon Gérôme demonstrate Said's idea of representing the Islamic “Other” as a culturally inferior and backward people, especially in their portrayal of women. The development of photography in the late 19th century added another dimension to this view of the Orient, with its seemingly objective viewpoint<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2004<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Fine Arts<br>Discipline: College Honors Program
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Van, der Hoek Jessica. "The faithful and/or flattering in 19th Century portraiture." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13996.
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The nineteenth century's creation of different optical devices such as the camera obscura, the kaleidoscope and the thaumatrope signifies a change in the perception of vision at the time. The aim of this dissertation is to examine the work of four artists with reference to nineteenth century concerns surrounding vision. The scope for this examination is limited to the painted portraiture of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and John Singer Sargent and photographic portraiture of Julia Margaret Cameron and Félix Nadar Tournachon. Rossetti and Cameron represent two Victorian artists whose vision is turned inward to the imagination, with feelings of nostalgia and sentimentalism evoked in their portraits. This dissertation argues that the act of turning the eye inwards to the imagination is at the root of the flattering quality of these two artists' portraits. A further argument is that the sustained use of literary reference is the catalyst to the inward vision seen in these two Victorian artists' work. I examine Dante Gabriel Rossetti‟s later phase of idealised and "flattering" portraits of women in relation to the sonnets that Rossetti began to physically attach to either the frame or canvas of the portrait. The use of literary reference as catalyst to the inward vision is discussed namely through Julia Margaret Cameron‟s photographic portraits based on Alfred, Lord Tennyson's Enoch Arden. Cameron's allegorical and often mythological portraits of women are then analysed in order to establish the "flattering" quality of her portraits. With regards to the two artists who have been termed "faithful", an examination of their more outward vision and focus on the exterior realities is discussed. An exposition surrounding Félix Nadar Tournachon's "faithful" photographic portraits of nineteenth-century celebrities follows the discussion on Cameron. In order to further enquire into the notion of nineteenthcentury celebrities, an examination of John Singer Sargent follows. With the idea of Sargent being torn between the faithful and the flattering, I examine his more faithful Portrait of Madame X in relation to his later flattering celebrity portraits painted in the Grand Manner. In conclusion it will be suggested that Victorian and French ideas of vision and representation differed, exemplified by these four artists. These two very different perceptions of vision, one inward and the other outward, is the root of my distinction between the "faithful" and the "flattering" as manifested in portraiture.
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Kent, Neil. "Light and nature in late 19th century nordic art and literature /." Uppsala : Universitätet, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35408280q.
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Smith, Katherine. "Continuity and Change in a 19th Century Illustrated Devi Mahatmya Manuscript From Nepal." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3564.
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In the Hindu tradition of the Indian subcontinent, worship of the goddess has long been practiced as supreme embodiment of the divine. Around the second century, a Sanskrit Purana (ancient Hindu text that extols deities) titled the Markandeya Purana details the battles of the supreme Goddess Durga against the illusions and negative energy in the universe. This textual version of the Devi Mahatmya “Praise of the Goddess” serves as the foundation for the nineteenth century Nepalese illustrated Devi Mahatmya, commissioned by Tej Bahadur Rana from Pokhara district in Nepal. Because the folios closely follow the textual Devi Mahatmya, the illustrations’ amalgamation of styles demonstrates a double entendre of religious and political frameworks represented through Indian religious iconography with localized motifs and styles from Nepal. In this study, I argue that the illustrated Nepalese Devi Mahatmya indicates a shift in power from the Shah aristocracy to Rana oligarchy. This Devi Mahatmya contextualizes the social, religious, and historical events of nineteenth century Nepal, as a unique extension to the current scholarship about the Devi Mahatmya since it is dated and has a known patron.
The intentional amalgamation of previous Newar styles, localized elements, and European décor reveals the mythical being contemporized, that is, drawing from English modernism to empower the Rana family, adding a unique flair to this manuscript as opposed to previous Devi Mahatmyas of Indian Guler or Newar style. Within the nineteenth century Nepali Devi Mahatmya, the background of this Devi Mahatmya is Guler-inspired, utilizing lightly hued backgrounds and landscapes, suggesting that the artist(s) had observed Guler compositions prior to this commission. The Nepali and Newar motifs contextualizes the Devi Mahatmyas commissioning in Pokhara, as these elements comment on the clan patriarch Jung Bahadur Rana and uncle of the patron usurping power from the Shah king, asserting a new Rana oligarchy that would last until 1951. As a result, this Devi Mahatmya is used as an offering to the goddess to legitimize Prime Minister Jung Bahadur Rana and the nephews that would follow his legacy.
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Hoeffler, Michelle Leah. "The moment of William Ralph Emerson's Art Club in Boston's art culture." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67166.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2000.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-225).<br>This thesis will analyze the architect William Ralph Emerson's (1833-1917) Boston Art Club building (1881-82) and its station within Boston and New York's art culture. Even though there has been considerable research on the Gilded Age in general and certain art clubs specifically, this club remains a neglected element in art's social history. During the rising development of art culture, a small group of artists founded the Boston Art Club (1854-1950) as a vehicle for production, education and promotion of the arts. To assert their club's presence within patrons' circles, the members commissioned a flagship clubhouse adjacent to Art Square (now known as Copley Square). Emerson, primarily a residential architect and the first Shingle Style architect, won the competition with a unique amalgamation of Queen Anne and Richardson Romanesque styles, an alliance with the nearby Museum of Fine Arts and the Ruskin and the English Pre-Raphaelites. The resultant clubhouse was a declaration of the club's presence amid America's established art culture. Through this building design the Club asserted its status for the thirty years that the arts prevailed on Boston's Art Square. The Art Club's reign, along with the building's prominence, ended when the Museum deemed their building's architectural style out of date, among other reasons. That faithful decision to abandon Art Square and the revival Ruskinian Gothic style would take with it the reverence for the Art Club's building and, eventually, the club itself. Within forty years and through several other struggles the Art Club closed its doors, ending a chapter that began with the need for art in Boston, thrived within the culture of the Gilded Age and sank from the changing trends in architecture.<br>by Michelle Leah Hoeffler.<br>S.M.
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Pieri, Giuliana. "The influence of English Pre-Raphaelitism on 19th-century Italian art and literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313182.
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Wong, Mei-kin Maggie, and 黃美堅. "Collecting and picturing the orient: China's impact on nineteenth-century European Art." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2954452X.
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Boyd, Jane E. "The mapping of modernity impressionist landscapes, engineering, and transportation imagery in 19th-century France /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 319 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1818417341&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Mangipano, John. "Remolding Mexican Identity: The Wax Art of Francisco Vargas in 19th Century New Orleans." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1327.
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In December of 1915, the New Orleans Times-Picayune reported on the death of the patriarch of four generations of Mexican wax figure artists whose artworks demonstrated a century of change in the city of New Orleans. The family's artworks included religious sculptures, representations of indigenous and peasant populations of Mexico, and the merchant populations of the French Quarter. Francisco's artworks represented Louisiana's agriculture at two World's Fairs in New Orleans and Buffalo. Francisco received a contract from Mississippi Commissioner R. H. Henry to produce the 30-foot King Cotton for the 1904 Louisiana Purchase International Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri. Though the family's success continued after Francisco's death, an examination into the family's business, artworks, travels, and personal connections during Francisco's lifetime provides a new avenue for exploring the relationship between New Orleans and Mexico in the nineteenth century
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Dudley, Ian A. "Edward Goodall's 'Sketches in British Guiana' : art, anthropography and colonialism in 19th century Amazonia." Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/20121/.
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This thesis examines sketched portraits of Amerindian peoples created by the English artist Edward Goodall during the 1841-1844 Boundary Survey of British Guiana, now Guyana, which was carried out by the German scientific explorer, Robert Schomburgk. The portraits formed part of a larger body of over 250 drawn and watercolour works labelled as Sketches in British Guiana, and carried out by Goodall in his role as official expedition illustrator. These sketches captured a wide range of geographical subjects, from botany, topography and zoology, to hydrography, geology and historical scenes of the expedition itself, in addition to the ethnographic representations upon which this thesis focuses, and which dominate the body in terms of their numbers and interest. The sketches were carried out in relation to the cartographic and geographical mapping and documenting of the Guayana territory and its peoples by Schomburgk as he moved across the disputed border regions between British Guiana and its neighbouring colonial states, Brazil, Venezuela and Surinam. Focusing on the works as a manifestation of the different subjective forces and ideologies at play within this colonial enterprise, I argue the portraits and Sketches more generally, exemplify art’s cooption as a tool of colonial reconnaissance, expansion and domination during the mid-nineteenth century, playing a key role in visualising the geographical colonization that Schomburgk’s Boundary Survey represented, capturing disputed inhabitants and their locales as they were inscribed onto British colonial maps, and substantiating British imperial claims over them. In essence, through Goodall’s work, Schomburgk sought to cultivate and performatively demonstrate knowledge of and control over Amerindians through their representation, which paralleled the way the Guayana landscape was brought into British guardianship, all under the aegis of Christian humanitarianism, scientific advance and national-imperial prestige.
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Lawrence, Ranald Andrew Robert. "Cultural climates : the municipal art school and the reformulation of civic identity in Victorian Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709252.
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Hoene, Katherine Anne. "Tracing the Romantic impulse in 19th-century landscape painting in the United States, Australia, and Canada." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278748.
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The purpose of this thesis is to identify essential characteristics of the first generation of Romantic landscape painters and painting movements in a given English-speaking country which followed the generation of Turner, Constable and Martin in England, and then trace how the second generation of Romantic-realist painters represents a different paradigm. For a paradigmatic construct of the first generation, the focus is on the lives and major works of the American arch-Romantic landscape painter Thomas Cole (1801--1848) and the Australian Romantic landscape painter Conrad Martens (1801--1878). The second generation model features the American Frederic Edwin Church (1826--1900), the Australian William Charles Piguenit (1836--1914), and the British Canadian Lucius Richard O'Brien (1832--1899). Cole and Martens, closer to their predecessors in England, created dynamic paradigm shifts in their new countries. Following them, the second generation of Romantic-realists produced a synthesis of romanticism, scientific naturalism, and nationalistic symbolism.
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Floyd, McKenzie Allison. "An Examination of Oxidative Passivated Surfaces on 19th Century Colt Revolver Barrels." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/120.
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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to examine a series of six revolver barrels manufactured by the Colt Patent Arms Manufacturing Company between 1853 and 1863. SEM micrographs revealed a vast range of surface morphologies among the corroded samples. XRD diffraction patterns showed varying levels of magnetite on the blackened samples, but hematite could not be identified. EDS was used to map elemental distribution and quantify elemental abundances on the gun surfaces; further investigation using this technique may reveal more definitive information on whether some elements present were deposited during patination.
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Bellettiere, Giovanna Marie. "AMERICAN FEMINISM: THE CAMERA WORK OF ALICE AUSTEN, ALFRED STIEGLITZ, AND BERENICE ABBOTT." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/578947.
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Art History<br>M.A.<br>This thesis explores the work of photographers: Alice Austen, Alfred Stieglitz, and Berenice Abbott in relation to the American landscape of New York from approximately 1880 through 1940. Although the artwork of Georgia O’Keeffe is not addressed specifically, her role as an artist communicating her modern self image through Stieglitz’s photography is one area of focus in the second chapter. Previous scholarship has drawn parallels between women artists and photographers solely in terms related to their gender identity. In contrast, my project identifies a common theoretical thread that links the work of these artists: namely, that photography allowed professional women of this time to react and rise above the constrictions of gender expectations, and moreover, how their own attitudes based in feminist sensibility enabled them to fashion and broadcast bold, liberated self-images. Inspired by the radical transformations of women’s social roles in the United States, each artist produced photographs that represented the evolving role of women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Using visual analysis and historical context associated with the “New Woman” movement, I argue that each artist discussed in this thesis not only challenges the domestic sphere conventionally assigned to women photographers, but also makes new strides by engaging in work that allows for them to autonomously travel within their own territories or new expansive locations. This thesis gives fresh insight as to how photography provided novel opportunities for elevating women’s place in society, as well as in the artistic realm. Overall, photography was an important tool for each artist as these three women act as agents of change by demonstrating a control of womanhood while the role of a female was beginning to become less constrained by the domestic and social norms of society.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Mueller-Heubach, Oliver Maximilian. "From Kaolin to Claymount: Landscapes of the 19th-Century James River Stoneware Industry." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623630.
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This dissertation will examine the James River stoneware tradition, which encompasses parts of Henrico, Dinwiddie, Prince George, and Charles City Counties, south and east of the Falls of the James at Richmond, Virginia. This area has one of the richest histories in American ceramics. The essential elements of stoneware production will be examined. This dissertation will provide the only comprehensive overview of this regional industry with in depth descriptions of the relevant potteries, potting families and their environment. Detailed description of ceramic forms and decorations specific to individual potters will be provided. The archaeological research done at the potting sites, much of it participated in by the author will be presented. This will allow future attribution and dating of James River stoneware.;Landscapes of the 19th century James River stoneware industry will be explored and the nature of the potters' craft and community will be analyzed within the Meshwork as used by Tim Ingold. Through applications of both structural and semiotic approaches the production, relationships, and landscapes of the potteries will be organized and problematized. An effort will be made to provide as deep and broad a context as possible including social, political, and economic conditions. Archaeological, historical, and oral data will be used to understand the potters' habitus and the roles of artisans, their neighbors, landscapes and artifacts in actively creating that world.
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Hernandez, Jesse. "Senses In Synthesis: Imaginative Sensing In The 19th Century." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/621.
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During the late 19th century, arts and literature had a surge of sensory awareness, made manifest through sensory analogy, intersensory metaphor, and synaesthesia. This dissertation explores this phenomenon through a study of five poets and artists: Charles Baudelaire, Arthur Rimbaud, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, John Barlas, and Julia Margaret Cameron. Using imaginative sensing, these artists transformed the relationship between artist and observer, assigning greater responsibility to their audience while simultaneously asserting artistic control of their work. Their fascination with sensory mixing and multisensory awareness demonstrates unique ideas about perception and embodiment, ideas that have sparked both controversy and imitation. I begin with a brief history of the condition known as synaesthesia, considering its position as an “abnormal” clinical condition, a desired artistic state of transcendence, and a simple transfer of metaphor. Chapter 1 describes how two French poems brought synaesthesia to public consciousness and prompted a literary movement. In Chapter 2, I explore how poet-painter Dante Rossetti used “acts of attention” and unheard music to demand viewers’ embodied participation. Chapter 3 introduces John Barlas, a relatively obscure British poet who crafted exotic, sensory-laden environments that hovered between the actual and imagined, insisting that the reader use his sensory imagination to participate. Moving to the realm of photography in Chapter 4, I consider Julia Margaret Cameron, whose “out-of-focus” pictures changed photography from a mechanistic technology to high art by incorporating the sense of touch. Historically, the senses have been ranked and separated, with priority given to vision, the sense most associated with reason. I argue that considering the senses as bundles of interconnected experiences and through imagination rather than as isolated methods of physical perception can show how the senses function culturally and give us a much greater understanding of how we process the world. While no time period has regarded the senses with the intensity of the late 19th century, the embodied approach of the era can be applied to our current “sensory revolution” and can impact how we regard technology, cultural studies, and interdisciplinarity. Evaluating how 19th century artists blended the senses through imaginative constructs gives a more thorough explanation of the characteristic sensuality of the period and provides a model for how sensing can function more fully in current endeavors.
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Rivest, Mélanie. "Nouveau théatre et nouveau roman : la quête d'un art perdu." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79975.
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The histories of the Theater and of the Novel have rarely been linked to one another. Nevertheless, studying the evolution of the two arts as of the seventeenth century, allows us to pinpoint and define the sources of contamination. It is more precisely in the nineteenth century that the history of both the Theater and the Novel became envenomed, going from fresh influences to disloyal relations during which time the Theater faded by admitting romanesque realism to take the stage. By denying its capacity to reveal the "real", the Theater failed its possibilities and let its art be disinterested from the theatricality showing all that should have been evoked. Men of theater participated at recapturing the theatrical art so to regain confidence on stage and near 1950, an avant-garde movement flourished to favor a renewal of vitality for the theater with a new language which utilizes all of what the scene could provoke. This "New Theater" is soon followed by a similar romanesque enterprise, the "New Novel", a group of novelists also wishing to acknowledge the right to explore a new style of writing.
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White, Claire. "Work and leisure in late nineteenth-century French literature and visual culture." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610774.
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Poueymirou, Margaux Lynn Rosa. "The sixth sense : synaesthesia and British aestheticism, 1860-1900." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/952.
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“The Sixth Sense: Synaesthesia and British Aestheticism 1860-1900” is an interdisciplinary examination of the emergence of synaesthesia conceptually and rhetorically within the ‘art for art’s sake’ movement in mid-to-late Victorian Britain. Chapter One investigates Swinburne’s focal role as both theorist and literary spokesman for the nascent British Aesthetic movement. I argue that Swinburne was the first to practice what Pater meant by ‘aesthetic criticism’ and that synaesthesia played a decisive role in ‘Aestheticising’ critical discourse. Chapter Two examines Whistler’s varied motivations for using synaesthetic metaphor, the way that synaesthesia informed his identity as an aesthete, and the way that critical reactions to his work played a formative role in linking synaesthesia with Aestheticism in the popular imagination of Victorian England. Chapter Three explores Pater’s methods and style as an ‘aesthetic critic.’ Even more than Swinburne, Pater blurred the distinction between criticism and creation. I use ‘synaesthesia’ to contextualise Pater’s theory of “Anders-streben” and to further contribute to our understanding of his infamous musical paradigm as a linguistic ideal, which governed his own approach to critical language. Chapter Four considers Wilde’s decadent redevelopment of synaesthetic metaphor. I use ‘synaesthesia’ to locate Wilde’s style and theory of style within the context of decadence; or, to put it another way, to locate decadence within the context of Wilde. Each chapter examines the highly nuanced claim that art should exist for its own sake and the ways in which artists in the mid-to-late Victorian period attempted to realise this desire on theoretical and rhetorical levels.
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Roy, Nina Tamara. "Harvest of memories : national identity and primitivism in French and Russian art, 1888-1909." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37827.
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This dissertation analyses the convergence of primitivism and nationalism in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century French and Russian art. The discourse of primitivism has yielded a number of critical studies focusing on the artistic appropriation of aesthetics derived from "tribal" arts, Asian arts, medieval icons, outsider art, and peasant arts and crafts. Within that scholarship, modern European art that appropriates the aesthetics of folk arts and themes of the peasantry is frequently considered to be representative of national identity and myth. The artistic elucidation of the peasantry as emblematic of national identity combined with their incorporation into primitivism produces a tension that complicates the conventional, binary structure of the discourse. It is therefore necessary to examine artistic expressions of national myth and the peasantry's absorption into the primitivist discourse, as this indicates a critical point at which issues of nationalism and primitivism converge. In the cultural realm, that juncture is located in the artistic idealisation of peasant cultures, which is indicative of a mythical state of being from which national identity could be rearticulated.<br>The myth of the peasantry as developed in nineteenth century European thought centres around the premise that rural populations were an unchanging element of society whose traditional customs, religious beliefs, and modes of production contrasted sharply with the accelerated changes in urban culture. A critical examination of selected paintings by the French artist Paul Gauguin (1848--1903), the Russian Neoprimitivist Natalia Goncharova (1881--1962), and the French Fauve painter Othon Friesz (1879--1949) within their specific, social contexts reveals the ways in which the modern, artistic maintenance of the rural myth elucidates current political and social issues of nationalism. This underscores the peasantry's symbolism within the nation as representative of a national, collective consciousness and ancestry. The peasantry's incorporation into the primitivist discourse and the cultural articulation of the rural myth are revealed in the paintings The Vision After the Sermon (1888), Yellow Christ (1889), Fruit Harvest (1909), and Autumn Work (1908). The paintings and their respective social contexts situate the peasantry both as constructions within the primitivist discourse and symbols of national identity, thereby disrupting the structure of alterity upon which primitivism is predicated.
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Giguere, Joy M. ""The Dead Shall be Raised": The Egyptian Revival and 19th Century American Commemorative Culture." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GiguereJM2009.pdf.
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Sloan, Johanne. "Millennial landscapes : nature, narrativity, and the legacy of the Paysage Historique in 19th and 20th century art." Thesis, University of Kent, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264600.
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Kirk, Elizabeth Gail. "Neo-orientalism : ugly women and the Parisian avant-garde, 1905-1908." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28091.
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The Neo-Orientalism of Matisse's The Blue Nude (Souvenir of Biskra), and Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, both of 1907, exists in the similarity of the extreme distortion of the female form and defines the different meanings attached to these "ugly" women relative to distinctive notions of erotic and exotic imagery. To understand Neo-Orientalism, that is, 19th century Orientalist concepts which were filtered through Primitivism in the 20th century, the racial, sexual and class antagonisms of the period, which not only influenced attitudes towards erotic and exotic imagery, but also defined and categorized humanity, must be considered in their historical context.
My introduction is an investigation of current art historical scholarship which has linked the manipulation of form by Matisse and Picasso and shifting avant-garde practice in Paris in the years 1905 - 1908, when Cubism displaced Fauvism, to the concepts of Orientalism and Primitivism. The problem of the ideological content of images of women, which I undertake to address, arises from these studies which rely upon the assumed metaphysical fascination with the exotic or the intuitive, personal concern for erotic symbolism by the artists as a solution to meaning. The absence of a rich critical discourse surrounding the paintings encourages my approach to the problem of meaning whereby in Chapter One I examine images of women produced in Paris in the specific discourses of popular and official culture in 1906. These representations of the female are identified as ideological constructions which functioned in relation to the important and broader issues of the moment affecting the dominance of French culture: class struggle and neo-colonialism.
In Chapter Two the "ugly" women of Matisse's The Blue Nude (Souvenir of Biskra) and Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon are analysed as intended avant-garde transformations
of images of female prostitutes and compared with the Images of women In popular and official culture and with each other, In recognition of their function within the historical context of their production. In conclusion I suggest that the difference in meaning between these paintings by Matisse and Picasso was Ideological, operating within the context of class struggle and neo-colonialism, and defined by their distinctive conscious and unconscious use of Primitivism.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of<br>Graduate
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Collins, Anne Marie. "Changes in pictorial construction and types of representation which formed the basis of modern art." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010579.
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The erosion of traditional French academic methods of picture-construction, and the eclipse of hierarchical subject-matter, ensured the emergence of a diversity of new painting styles in France by 1900 and the possibility of even more drastic departures from tradition in the 20th century, particularly in the work of Picasso, from 1900 to 1914.
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Gerhold, Emily. "American Beauties: The Cult of the Bosom in Early Republican Art and Society." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/353.
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This interdisciplinary project offers new research to introduce the American cult of the bosom, which emerged in the years following the Revolutionary War and helped shape the discourse around women’s roles in the early republic. The cult of the bosom sought to shift the way in which the female body, and especially the bosom, was regarded and represented by identifying it as the locus of a number of positive qualities associated with women, including virtue, modesty, beauty, and grace. This shift constituted, in the minds of citizens, a significant way in which American culture honored and celebrated women. Additionally, the cult of the bosom tied the bosom’s privileged status to a broader patriotic rhetoric that celebrated the special differences of America’s women and American culture as a whole, and insisted that, while most citizens of the world saw its potential to gratify lust, Americans were sufficiently enlightened to consider and celebrate the bosom’s ‘true’ function as a signifier of sacred womanhood. Through a variety of cultural materials, this project traces the points at which beauty, virtue, femininity, and the female body intersected in the early republic and the implications of these intersections for the political and social status of women. The study consists of five thematic chapters, which address textual foundations for the discourse on the bosom and female modesty in early republican America and examine female portraits of the period in order to identify the visual codes that represented patriotic ideology and signified the bosom.
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Gabrielsen, Natalia Marie, and Natalia Marie Gabrielsen. "'Ideal Vehicles': Medallic Circuitry in Nineteenth-Century Portraits of Native Americans." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626399.
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I examine the mobility and circulation of peace medals featured in nineteenth-century portraiture of Native Americans through the lens of object-oriented ontology. This research strives to establish a different perspective for considering nineteenth-century portraiture of Native Americans by situating the works through the framework of materiality and circulation. By applying this approach to a series of portraits of Native Americans with peace medals, my research seeks to define issues of movement and power within the transient, fluctuating space of the nineteenth-century American frontier. To accomplish this, I trace the production and distribution of peace medals within paintings widely viewed at the time, as well as the movement of groups and individuals involved with transporting and receiving the medals. Tracking these objects and their mechanisms of movement within the visual culture of the nineteenth century, indicating not only the thing itself but also its processes of production and movement, reveals a dimension of specificity to pictorial narratives, even as the exhibited artworks promoted generalized ideals regarding Indian policy through their circulation. I follow the peace medals’ logistics of production and transit to underscore issues of value and currency on the American frontier, highlighting the ways in which peace medals and the artwork depicting them participated in narratives of Native displacement.
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Silverthorne, Diane. "New spaces of art, design and performance : Alfred Roller and the Vienna Secession 1897-1905." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602330.
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M'Kenzie-Hall, James. "Illustrated travel : steel engravings and their use in early 19th century topographical books, with special reference to Henry Fisher & Co." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2011. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/1801/.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the introduction, production and sale of steel engravings in the illustrated picture books of the first half of the nineteenth century with particular reference to the publications of Henry Fisher, who began his career in Liverpool and continued it together with his son Robert in London. By looking at the processes from the initial artist's design through to its engraving and printing, and by establishing the interaction between the artist, author, publisher and engraver, this study will lead to a better understanding of both the economics and aesthetics of print production and determine the destination of these illustrated picture books by examining the relationship between the publisher and the public. Previous work on nineteenth-century topographical steel engraving has largely had a bibliographical rather than historiographical aim and has concentrated on the classification of images into regional units. Although useful these publications are not intended to be critical and do not lead to an understanding of the contextual background necessary to explain the enormous output and consumption of topographical steel-engraved books in the 1830s and 1840s. The two leading specialist topographical print-publishers were the London firms of Fisher, Son & Co. and George Virtue. The early career of Henry Fisher as a master printer of mainly religious publications issued in numbers is examined, and this study shows how his innovative marketing, selling and distribution methods led to these being adopted by others in the publishing trade. His transition from publisher of religious numbers in Liverpool to leading publisher of illustrated topographical works in London is investigated for the first time. As no records, account books or archives appear to have survived, this dissertation is based on the substantial number of illustrated travel books with steel-engraved plates that both firms produced between 1829 and 1844 as well as correspondence from Robert Fisher to the Irish artist George Petrie, in which Fisher explains some of 'the peculiarities of our business'. The two most prolific designers of illustrations for topographical picture books in this period were Thomas Allom (1804-1872) who worked for Fisher, and William Henry Bartlett (1809-1854) who worked for Virtue. Their contribution to the field of topographical book illustration has largely passed unnoticed by art historians who question whether mass produced images can be valued as art. Allom and Bartlett are usually classified as jobbing topographical artists or, at best, as architectural draughtsmen. A secondary aim of this dissertation is to offer a counterbalance to this view and show that their art was more genuinely creative than merely reproductive and moreover that their motives for doing this work were far from being similar.
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Oh, Esther. "Exploring the Pedagogical Aspects of Songs by Giacomo Meyerbeer: The Hidden Jewels of 19th-century Song Repertoire." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/378196.
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Music Performance<br>D.M.A.<br>Giacomo Meyerbeer (September 5, 1791-May 2, 1864) was one of the most celebrated composers in the 19th century and the leading exponent of French grand opera. Meyerbeer's operas were immensely popular; for example, his opera Robert le diable was performed 100 times in Paris alone and was featured on the programs of 77 theatres in ten countries, all within three years of its première. Meyerbeer's collaboration with Eugène Scribe, who was the most famous librettist of the century, began with Robert le diable (1831) and their partnership continued for the creation of Les Huguenots (1836), Le prophète (1849), and L'Africaine (1865). Meyerbeer's larger-than-life operas defined the genre of French grand opera. Meyerbeer was a serious, dedicated composer who composed mostly for the stage, but he also wrote sacred music, choral music, instrumental music, and songs. Meyerbeer composed over 50 songs, mostly mélodies and lieder that were translated and published in both German and French. He also composed some Italian canzonette. Meyerbeer's songs are rarely performed in recitals, however, they have originality, beauty, intensity, and theatricality and are worthy to be explored, performed, and cherished. His operas featured unconventional and sensational scenes, tragic love stories set in the middle of the whirlwind of political and religious clash, and bigger-than-life sets to transport his audience to exotic, faraway places. Did Meyerbeer lend the same magical touch to his songs? Was he able to create the same story line of epic portion as he did in his grand operas? My goal is to provide an introduction to the Meyerbeer song repertoire which as a result will encourage more voice teachers, students, and professional performers to incorporate Meyerbeer's outstanding, yet rarely performed songs into their recital programs. In the charts, Meyerbeer's songs are organized by three language groups: Italian, French, and German, and are organized alphabetically by title within each language group. Each chart has eight columns: number; song title; lyricist; year of composition; range; additional available singing translations; difficulty level; and comments. Six songs in total, with two songs from each language group, are chosen and analyzed to explore Meyerbeer’s songs in depth. The selected songs are from various points of Meyerbeer’s career, and are of different levels of difficulties, topics, lengths, and moods.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Ignatidou, Artemis. "Four short (hi)stories of a 19th century Greek-European musical interaction, and the cultural outcomes thereof." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16094.
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The thesis investigates the impact of western art music ('classical') upon the construction of Greek-European identity in the 19th century. Through the examination of institutions such as the Theatre of Athens that hosted the Italian opera for the better part of the 19th century, the Conservatory of Athens (1873), the Conservatory of Thessaloniki (1914), various 19th century literary societies, press content, scores, publications on music, and state regulations on education, the thesis utilizes both musical, as well as extra-musical material to construct a cultural and social history of Greece's understanding of the 'European' in relation to local Greek society through music between 1840 and 1914. At the same time, it highlights the importance of transnational institutional and interpersonal musical networks between Greece and Europe (mainly England, France, and Germany), to demonstrate how political and aesthetic preferences influenced long-term policy, cultural practice, and musical tradition. While examining the 19th century diplomatic, political, and cultural practices of the expanding 19th century Greek Kingdom, the thesis traces the development of western musical taste and practice in Balkan Greece in relation to the local modernizing society. It highlights the importance of local and European artistic agents and networks, identifies the tension between the projection of European identity and raw acoustic divergence, argues for about the contribution of music to the construction of Greek-European identity, and examines the cultural and political negotiations about the conflicting relationship between Byzantine-Hellenic-European-Modern Greek, as expressed through music and debates on music. The last part of the thesis assembles the 19th century material to explain the relationship between nationalism and musical practice at the turn of the 20th century, and as such the long-term influence of western art music upon the construction of Greek-European national identity.
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McBriar, Shannon Ross. "Shining through the surface : Washington Allston, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and imitation in romantic art criticism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:67bc3d1d-ad3f-4e93-b774-5055f1e350b8.
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This thesis has evolved from William Blake's phrase, "Imitation is Criticism" written in the margin of Sir Joshua Reynolds's Discourses on Art. As a concept central to the production and criticism of art, imitation has largely been explored in the philosophical context of aesthetics rather than in terms of its practical application in image-text studies of the Romantic period. It has also traditionally served as a marker for the period designation 'Romantic', which in image-text studies continues to be played out in terms of the transition from imitative to expressive modes of making and response. Yet this notion of periodization has proven problematic in studying the response to 'false criticism' within what Wallace Stevens calls that 'corpus of remarks about painting'. These remarks reveal an important tension within imitation as a way of making something like something else, but also as a means of characterizing the relationships that underpin that resemblance. This tension not only occupies a central place in the concurrent development of art criticism and literary criticism in the period, but also offers a new foundation for the interdisciplinary study of image-text relationships in the period. The thesis is divided into two parts, each guided by the important role that imitation plays in the fight against 'false criticism' with respect to the visual arts. The first part examines the tension within imitation from the standpoint of artists and connoisseurs who expressed concern about the excesses of description in asserting the need for a credible art criticism while at the same time realizing its inevitability. The second part examines the tension within imitation from the standpoint of the American artist Washington Allston and his friend Samuel Taylor Coleridge, both of whom used this tension to advantage in setting forth a lexicon and methodology that could account not only for the 'specific image' described, but also the geometrical and structural relationships that underpin that image.
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Saparoff, Linda W. "Picturing Ireland in England during the Great Famine era : the depiction of Ireland by artists and illustrators, 1842-1854." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21261.
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This thesis examines the pictorial record of the Great Famine Era circa 1842--1854: the engravings, sketches, and paintings found in the English public domain. As part of the historical record, these contemporary visual images document attitudes of prejudice and indifference held about Ireland and the Irish during the calamitous years of the Great Irish Famine. The study probes the broad contextual background, narrative structure, and didactic intent of these works in an effort to assess the prejudicial impact of the visual record as a whole.
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Wilsey, Shannon K. "Interpretations of Medievalism in the 19th Century: Keats, Tennyson and the Pre-Raphaelites." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/20.
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This thesis describes how different 19th century poets and artists depicted elements of the medieval in their artwork as a means to contradict the rapid progress and metropolitan build-up of the Industrial Revolution. The poets discussed are John Keats and Alfred, Lord Tennyson; the painters include William Holman Hunt and John William Waterhouse. Examples of the poems and corresponding Pre-Raphaelite depictions include The Eve of Saint Agnes, La Belle Dame Sans Merci and The Lady of Shalott.
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Puodžiukienė, Dalė. "Evolution of wooden architecture of manor houses in Lithuania (from the middle of the 16th century till the middle of the 19th century)." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110808_093850-01870.
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Doctoral thesis Evolution of wooden architecture of manor houses in Lithuania (from the middle of 16th century till the middle of 19th century) explore and present an evolution of the wooden architecture of manor houses since the middle of the 16th century till the middle of the 19th century. The thesis investigates the existing and not existing (known from the sources) wooden residential buildings of Lithuanian nobility, identifies their dominant types and reasons, which influenced the change of architecture, and reveals the singularities of the architecture and the relation of a manor’s house with ethnic and professional architecture. The research has shown that the architectural evolution of the manor house owned by nobility of different rank was developing differently. The development of great and middle-class nobility’s manor house was intense, especially influenced by the changes in style architecture. The small noblemen‘s houses were changing a little, their construction followed the ethnic traditions. According to the layout and shape of structures and forms of the buildings set on the manors of great and middle-class nobility, three stages of their architectural evolution were singled out: the period of early formation (till the middle of the 17th century), “baroque” period (from the middle of the 17th century till the seventh decade of the 18th century) and the “classicism” period (from the end of 18th century till the end of the 19th century). The doctoral thesis... [to full text]<br>Disertacijoje nagrinėjami Lietuvos bajorijos mediniai gyvenamieji pastatai, darbe vadinami ponų namais. Darbo tikslas – išaiškinti ir pateikti Lietuvos bajorų namų medinės architektūros raidą nuo Valakų reformos iki 1861 Valstiečių reformos. Darbe tirti esami bei neišlikę (žinomi dėka šaltinių) mediniai bajorijos namai, nustatyti vyravę pastatų tipai, priežastys, lėmusios tipų kaitą, atskleidžiami architektūros ypatumai, ponų namo santykis su etnine ir profesionaliąja architektūra. Tyrimai parodė, kad skirtingų bajorijos sluoksnių ponų namų architektūros raida vyko skirtingai. Stambių ir vidutinių bajorų namų raida buvo intensyvi, ją ypač veikė stilinės architektūros pokyčiai. Smulkių bajorų namai kito mažai, statyboje laikytasi etninių tradicijų. Pagal stambių ir vidutinių bajorų XVI a. vidurio– XIX a. vidurio pastatų planines ir tūrines –erdvines struktūras ir formas, išskirti trys architektūrinės raidos etapai: ankstyvasis- formavimosi (iki XVII a. vidurio), „barokinis“ (XVII a. vidurio – XVIII a. septinto dešimtmečio); „klasicistinis“ (XVIII a. pabaigos – XIX a. vidurio). Pirmajame etape iš esmės pakito gyvenamosios erdvės sankloda ir namo įvaizdis: vietoje kelių skirtingų funkcijų namų, skirtų bajoro šeimai ir jo svečiams (gyvenamojo, pokylių namo, ir kt.) susiformavo vienas daugiafunkcinis, parterinis, simetriškos kompozicijos ponų namas. Antrajame ir trečiajame etapuose daugiafunkcinis ponų namas buvo tobulinamas pagal etiketo (gyvenimo būdo) ir vyravusių stilių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Forward, David William. "The keyboard repertory as a reflector of art nouveau in music /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf745.pdf.
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Boorn, Alida S. "Interpreting the transnational material culture of the 19th-Century North American Plains Indians: creators, collectors, and collections." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34472.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of History<br>Bonnie Lynn-Sherow<br>American Indian material culture collections are protected in tribal archives and transnational museums. This dissertation argues that the Plains Indian people and Euroamerican people cross pollinated each other’s material culture. Over the last two hundred years’ interpretations of transnational material culture acculturation of the 19th - Century North American Plains Indians has been interpreted in venues that include arts and crafts, photography, museums, world exhibitions, tourism destinations, entertainments and literature. In this work, exhibit catalogs have been utilized as archives. Many historians recognize that American Indians are vital participants and contributors to United States history. This work includes discussions about North American Indigenous people and others who were creators of material culture and art, the people who collected this material culture and their motives, and the various types of collections that blossomed from material culture and oral history proffering. Creators included Plains Indian women who tanned bison hides and their involvement in crafting the most beautiful art works through their skill in quillwork and beadwork. Plains Indian men were also creators. They recorded the family’s and tribe’s histories in pictograph paintings. Plains Indian storytellers created material that was saved and collected through oral tradition. Euroamerican artists created biographical images of the Plains Indian people that they interacted with. Collections of objects, legends, and art resulted from those who collected the creations made by the creators. Thus today there exists fine examples of ethno-heirlooms that pay tribute to the transnational acculturation and survival of the American Indian people of the Great Western Northern American Plains. What is most important is the knowledge, and an appreciation for the idea that a transnational cross-pollination of cultures enriched and became rooted in United States history.
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Filippa, Kenne. "The object biography of Breakfast-Piece by Nicolaes Gillis : The reception of Netherlandish art in Sweden during the 19th century." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182722.
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Steyn, Pieter Andrew. "The relationship between the concept 'art' and its institutionalisation during the period 1850-1871 in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005626.
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This research evolved as part of a personal struggle to understand my role as 'art' student. As such the essay is concerned with both the theory and practice of 'art', and the relationship between the two. It is, however, my experience of the lack of an analysis of the concept 'art' as a social and historical phenomenon, and the suppression of the politics of culture in most fine art courses, that has led me to concentrate on theoretical and political issues, rather than the formal aspects of painting. This essay is therefore not concerned with individual 'works of art', but with the general category 'art' as an organisational form. Despite its limitations, the essay goes beyond the personal by exploring some of the social, political, economic and cultural processes that form the broader social context in which the examination of 'art' should take place.
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Couser, Kristie. "Exhibiting Berthe Morisot after the Advent of Feminist Art History." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/484.
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Feminist art historians reassessed French Impressionist Berthe Morisot (1841-1895) throughout the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, a period in which her work coincidentally received steady exposure in major museum exhibitions. This thesis examines how the feminist art historical project intersects with exhibitions that give prominence to Morisot’s work. Critical reviews by Morisot scholars argue that more frequent display of the artist’s work has not correlated to nuanced interpretation. Moreover, prominent feminist scholars and museum theorists maintain that curators virtually exclude their contributions. Attending to these recurrent concerns, this thesis charts shifts in emphases and inquiry in writing centered on Morisot to survey the extent to which curators convey new constructions of her artistic, social, and historical identities. This analysis will observe how distinct exhibition forms—the retrospective, the Impressionism blockbuster, and the gendered “women Impressionists” show—may frame Morisot’s work differently according to their organizing principles.
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Blake, Tamlin. "South African botanical art : a study of nineteenth- and twentieth-century imagery." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52458.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Botanical art consists of a complex combination of scientific fact and aesthetic awareness, and is
concerned with more than the realistic representation of a plant and its flowers. It goes beyond
the visual description of scientific information and speaks about the contributions artists have
made through history to the conventions of both art and science. It contains a unique visual
language, conventions which we read intelligently and an evolved tradition, and it is this
language and the development of these conventions within the genre of South African botanical
art, which this thesis investigates.
In South Africa botanical art developed as a direct result of European interest in the flora and
the colonisation of this country by the West. A brief history of responses to South African
plants is discussed in the Introduction in order to begin to establish an understanding of this
tradition and to contextualise the contributions made by 19th-and 20th -century South African
botanical artists.
Now that postmodernity has called for the reassessment and questioning of 'given truths',
alternative ways of assessing botanical art are slowly evolving. Through study and the
comparison of botanical art and artists of South Africa their evaluation as artists is reconsidered.
This issue of defining art and artists is the subject of Chapter One of this study.
Some of the factors that have a bearing on this include: relationships between text and image; art
and science; art and illustration; and how society's expectations of gender roles affect the
production of botanical art.
In order to establish a context from which to discuss plant imagery in South Africa, it is
important to study the history and development of botanical art in this country. Chapter Two
discusses the emergence and development of this art form and its artists, starting with a short
description of people and events from the 1600s and then takes a comprehensive look at
developments in the 19th and 20m centuries. For the artists working within the genre of botanical art, the conventions and inventions are
often explicitly formulated. It is an art based on the logic, scrutiny and informative tradition of
science, where the main objective is to represent a plant's structural essence. Fundamental to our
response to botanical art, however, is the style and technique employed by the artist. Chapter
Three is devoted to a detailed discussion of the work of selected contemporary South African
botanical art and artists. By comparing their work it is possible to establish trends and
developments in representation and the role played by mediums and techniques in this highly
skilled art form.
Since this research has both a theoretical and a practical component, Chapter Four is devoted to
discussion of my own work within the botanical art genre. I describe and illustrate several related
series of paintings and explore established conventions and ways of developing my own stylistic
identity as a botanical artist.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Botaniese kuns bestaan uit 'n komplekse kombinasie van wetenskaplike feite en estetiese
bewustheid, en is gemoeid met baie meer as net die realistiese voorstelling van 'n plant en sy
blomme. Dit gaan verder as net die blote visuele uitbeelding van wetenskaplike informasie, en
behels die bydraes wat kunstenaars deur die geskiedenis tot die konvensies van beide kuns en die
wetenskap gemaak het. Botaniese kuns besit 'n unieke visuele taal, konvensies wat intelligent
gelees word, en 'n ontwikkelde tradisie. Hierdie tesis ondersoek juis hierdie spesiale taal en
ontwikkeling van konvensies binne die genre van Suid-Afrikaanse botaniese kuns.
Botaniese kuns in Suid-Afrika het ontwikkel as In direkte gevolg van Europese belangstelling in
die flora, en Westerse kolonialisasie van hierdie land. In die Inleidingword daar kortliks gekyk na
die geskiedenis van die hantering van Suid-Afrikaanse plante, en het ten doelom eerstens 'n
begrip van hierdie tradisie daar te stel, en tweedens om die bydraes van 19de en 20ste eeuse
Suid-Afrikaanse botaniese kunstenaars te kontekstualiseer.
Sedert Postmodernisme die herevaluering en bevraagtekening van gegewewe waarhede
aangewakker het, is die ontwikkeling van alternatiewe maniere van kyk na botaniese kuns stadig
besig om plaas te vind. Deur die bestudering en vergelyking van botaniese kuns en kunstenaars
van Suid-Afrika, word die botaniese kunstenaar se status as kunstenaar uitgelig. Hierdie kwessie
oor die defmieëring van kuns en kunstenaars is die onderwerp van Hoofstuk 1 van hierdie
werkstuk. 'n Paar van die faktore wat In invloed op laasgenoemde het, sluit in: verhoudinge
tussen beeld en teks; kuns en wetenskap; kuns en illustrasie; en hoe kwessies van geslag soos
waargeneem deur die samelewing die produsering van botaniese kuns beïnvloed.
Dit is belangrik om die geskiedenis en ontwikkeling van botaniese kuns in Suid-Afrika te
bestudeer, sodat daar 'n konteks geskep kan word waarbinne die afbeelding van plante in hierdie
land bespreek kan word. Hoofstuk 2 behandel die totstandkoming en ontwikkeling van hierdie
kunsvorm en sy kunstenaars, en begin met 'n kort beskrywing van mense en gebeurtenisse van
die 1600s wat gevolg word deur 'n uitgebreide kyk na ontwikkelinge gedurende die 19de en 20ste
eeue. Vir die kunstenaars wat werk binne die genre van botaniese kuns, is die konvensies en
bevindings van die medium dikwels breedvoerig geformuleer. Dit is 'n kunsvorm gebasseer op
die logiese, navorsbare en insiggewende tradisie van die wetenskap, waar die hoofdoel die
voorstelling van 'n plant se strukturele essensie is. Fundementeel in die benadering tot botaniese
kuns is die styl en tegniek wat deur die kunstenaar gebruik word. Hoofstuk 3 word gewy aan 'n
gedetailleerde bespreking van die werk van geselekteerde kontemporêre Suid-Afrikaanse
bot~iese kuns en kunstenaars. Deur hul werk te vergelyk is dit moontlik om tendense en
ontwikkelings in die voorstelling en aanbieding van botaniese kuns te bepaal, en wat die rol van
verskillende mediums en tegnieke in hierdie hoogs geskoolde kunsvorm behels.
Weens die feit dat hierdie navorsing uit 'n teoretiese en praktiese komponent bestaan, word
Hoofstuk 4 gewy aan 'n bespreking van my praktiese werk binne die genre van botaniese kuns.
Ek beskryf en illustreer verskeie verwante reekse werke en kyk na bestaande konvensies en die
maniere hoe my eie stilistiese identiteit as botaniese kunstenaar kan ontwikkel binne die medium.
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Jackson, Julianna Geralynn. "The Octagon House and Mount Airy: Exploring the Intersection of Slavery, Social Values, and Architecture in 19th-Century Washington, DC and Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1516639577.
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This project uses archaeology, architecture, and the documentary record to explore the ways in which one family, the Tayloes, used Georgian design principals as a way of exerting control over the 19th-century landscape. This project uses two Tayloe homes as the units of study and investigates architectural choices at the Octagon House in Washington, DC, juxtaposed with its Richmond County, Virginia counterpart, Mount Airy, to examine architectural features and contexts of slavery on the landscape. Archaeological site reports, building plans, city maps, and various historic documents are used to identify contexts of slavery and explore the relationship between slavery, social values, and architecture at the Octagon House and Mount Airy, as well as look critically at the function of Georgian architectural features in 19th-century society.
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Brown, Julian Richard. "The field of ancient Cham art in France : a 20th century creation : a study of museological and colonial contexts from the late 19th century to the present." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2013. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/16812/.
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This thesis takes a new look at the art of ancient Champa. Breaking away from traditional studies, it looks at the art not in its ancient Cham context, but rather through its present and recent past contexts. The study asks “What exactly is Cham art?” To answer this, I examine not only the artworks, but also the museums and exhibitions, the display and classification. After an introduction explaining the background to the research, Chapter 2 contrasts two statues of Ganesh in French museums, tracing their biographies and questioning what constitutes Cham art. In Chapter 3, I examine the architectural line-drawings of Henri Parmentier, which have represented Ancient Champa visually for over a century, revealing the complex temporality within which they mediate between the present and multiple pasts. Chapter 4 looks at the history of the Danang Cham Sculpture Museum through the choices and decisions of the men who have shaped Cham art into what it is today. In Chapter 5 I investigate how Cham art was displayed in a series of exhibitions in museums and a department store basement in the United States, Paris and Brussels, while Chapter 6 is a study of a major Cham exhibition at the Musée Guimet, examining its narrative threads and historical and colonial interconnections and its implications for Cham art history. I conclude that Cham art is much more than just the physical traces of the Cham past. It is the preserving, displacing, labelling, copying, interpreting and displaying of the art that makes it what it is just as much as its original functions. I suggest, therefore, that the field of Cham art studies as we understand and view it today is actually something of our own invention, a largely 20th century construct. We do not yet know, therefore, what the Ancient Cham art of the future will be.
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Cross, Rhonda Kay. "Walter MacEwen: A forgotten episode in American art." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9854/.
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Despite having produced an impressive body of work and having been well-received in his lifetime, the career of nineteenth-century American expatriate artist Walter MacEwen has received virtually no scholarly attention. Assimilating primary-source materials, this thesis provides the first serious examination of MacEwen's life and career, thereby providing insight into a forgotten episode in American art.
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Cosser, Marijke. "Images of a changing frontier worldview in Eastern Cape art from Bushman rock art to 1875." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002196.
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A discussion of the concept of worldview shows that how an artist conceives the world in his images is governed by his worldview - an amalgam of the worldview of the group of which he is a part modified by his own ideas, beliefs, attitudes, perceptions and upbringing. The author proposes that studying an artist's work can reveal his, and hence his group's, worldview and thus the attitudes prevalent when the work was produced. A brief historical sketch of the Eastern Cape to 1834 introduces the various settlers in the area. Though no known examples of Black, Boer or Khoi pictorial art are extant, both the Bushmen and the British left such records. A short analysis of rock art shows how the worldview of the Bushman is inherent in their images which reflect man's world as seen with the "inner" eye of the spirit. In white settler art, the author submits that spatial relationships changed in response to a growing confidence as the "savage" land was "civilised" and that the position, pose and size of figures - and the inclusion or exclusion of certain groups - reflect socio-political changes. The two foremost nineteenth-century Eastern Cape artists, Thomas Baines and Frederick I'Ons, succeeded in capturing the atmosphere of Frontier life but are shown to interpret their surroundings through the rose-tinted spectacles of British Romanticism. They also reveal individuality in approach - Baines preferring expansive views while I'Ons's landscapes tend to be "closed-in", strictly following the coulisse scheme of Picturesque painting. Perhaps, the author postulates, such differences result from the very different environments, i.e. Norfolk and London, in which the two grew up. I'Ons is shown typically to use generalised landscapes as backdrops for his foreground figures, while comparing Baines's scenes with modern photographs shows that he adjusted the spacial elements of the topography as well as the temporal sequence of events to suit aesthetic considerations. Lithographed reports of his work contain even further adjustments. The author concludes that the use of Africana art as historical records must be treated with great caution.
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Mikasa, Princess Akiko of. "Collecting and displaying 'Japan' in Victorian Britain : the case of the British Museum." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669978.
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Silva, Maria do Carmo Couto da. "A obra Cristo e a mulher adultera e a formação italiana do escultor Rodolfo Bernardelli." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281531.
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Orientador: Luciano Migliaccio<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:41:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2005<br>Resumo: Esta pesquisa enfoca o grupo escultórico monumental Cristo e a mulher adúltera, de Rodolfo Bernardelli (Guadalajara, México, 1852 ¿ Rio de Janeiro RJ, 1931). Realizado em Roma entre 1881 e 1884, é considerado pela crítica como a sua obra-prima. Nosso projeto procurou estabelecer ligações entre essa escultura, outras obras do artista no mesmo período e a arte italiana e francesa contemporânea. Outro objetivo desse projeto foi a análise da importância do estágio italiano do escultor, enquanto pensionista da Academia Imperial de Belas Artes do Rio de Janeiro em Roma, entre 1877 e 1885, para melhor conhecimento acerca da vertente realista a qual o artista se filiou. Além de procurar inserir a produção de Rodolfo Bernardelli no contexto histórico e artístico em que foi realizada, nos últimos anos do Segundo Reinado, a pesquisa buscou a compreensão do papel desses trabalhos na constituição da cultura visual do Brasil daqueles anos<br>Abstract: This research deals with Rodolfo Bernardelli's (Guadalajara, Mexico, 1852 - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1931) monumental group of sculptures called "Christ and the adulteress". Sculpted in Roma between 1881 and 1884 it is considered by the critics as his master piece. Our project intends to stablish links among this sculpture, some other works of the artist made in the same period and the contemporary French and Italian arts. Another aim of this project was to analize Bernardelli's Italian apprenticeship, sponsored by the Academia Imperial de Belas Artes do Rio de Janeiro in Rome between 1877 and 1885, in order to grasp better understanding of the realistic school to which the artist connected himself. Besides aiming to insert Rodolfo Bernardelli's work on the historical context of its production, that is the last years of the Second Reign, this research tried to understand the role played by his sculptures on the formation of Brazilian's visual culture during those years<br>Mestrado<br>Historia da Arte<br>Mestre em História
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Lokash, Jennifer Faith. "In sickness and in health : romantic art therapy and the return to nature." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82920.
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This thesis explores the network of relationships among health and healing, the natural environment, and poetry during the Romantic period in Britain, and thus offers a new perspective on the Romantic relation to Nature. The context for this study is both the long and varied history that links literature to ideas of health and disease, and the intersection of the late 18th- and early 19th-century discourses of holistic science and healing that emphasize the synergy between self and world and recognize that our living environments can be either hostile or congenial to body and spirit. For many Romantic poets, illness was a painful reality that became vital to their thoughts about poetry and creativity in general. Through Wordsworth's partnership with Coleridge, a vocabulary of health and disease emerges in relation to poetic production and reception that has influenced critics of the period. It constructs the "natural" as a source of health, and establishes Wordsworth and his poetic celebrations of the therapeutic potential of nature as the often problematic legacy both for Coleridge and for second generation poets like Byron and Shelley. While composing Childe Harold's Pilgrimage Canto III, Byron tests Wordsworth's notion that immersion in the natural world can be spiritually therapeutic from the point of view of poetic production. The intensity of Byron's bodily existence, however, prevents him from fully experiencing the spiritual and metaphysical aspects of Wordsworthian nature. As his attempts to disengage the spirit from the body by meditating on nature actually have the reverse effect of bringing him more in touch with his physical identity, he must reject Wordsworth's methodology as a possible vehicle for healing. In refiguring Wordsworth's ideas about "taste," Shelley conceives of his poetry as healthy food for thought. His frequently used metaphors of "literature as food" have their source in his attitudes towards intake first exp
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Tsaturyan, Christina Ann. "Sport as Art: The Female Athlete in French Literature." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2347.
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The modern conception of organized, codified sport originated in Europe during the 19th century. At this time, instructors began to institute the practice of certain physical activities at school as a means of teaching morals, forming character, and initiating social exchange. Sport is particularly appropriate for forming men because of its public, physical nature. The values it instills—courage, strength, leadership—are also decidedly masculine. What, then, is made of the female athlete? Are the noble qualities that sports affirm inapplicable to women? In this thesis, I argue that female participation in sports often leads to masculinization, unless the sport is transformed into a type of “art” or otherwise feminized by focusing on its ability to enhance feminine roles (e.g. mother). This aestheticization/feminization renders female participation acceptable and allows women to receive their own “formation,” increase their aristocratic elegance, and participate in important social exchange. Sometimes these results come at a cost, such as marginalization or sexualization, but there are far fewer examples of such in the works of female authors. Society generally renounced physicality during the 17th and 18th centuries, and “sport” was an exclusively noble activity, so I will look predominantly at works from the 19th century—the period in which sport became codified, and consequently, “masculinized.” Because the 19th century is often considered a “Renaissance of the Renaissance,” I will also reference the 16th century to set the stage.
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Oliveira, Helder Manuel da Silva de. "Olhar o mar : um estudo sobre as obras 'Marinha com Barco' (1895) e Paisagem com Rio e Barco ao Seco em São Paulo "Ponte Grande" (1895) de Giovanni Castagneto." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281530.
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Orientador: Luciano Migliaccio<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T08:25:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2007<br>Resumo: A origem deste estudo são as obras Marinha com barco (1895) e Paisagem com rio e barco ao seco em São Paulo 'Ponte Grande¿ (1895) de autoria de Giovanni Castagneto. Este se inicia com um breve histórico da pintura de marinha correlacionando a produção européia e brasileira. Em seguida, analisamos a produção do artista sob a prática da pintura de série, pois é possível identificar nas obras do pintor uma freqüente repetição de motivos. A partir disto avaliamos a série 'barcos ao seco¿ realizada pelo pintor ao longo de sua carreira e na qual incluímos as obras acima. Por fim, tratamos do período em que o artista expôs em São Paulo e as relações estabelecidas no ambiente cultural paulista. O trajeto foi necessário tanto para uma compreensão da produção paulista e de sua importância no meio artístico da cidade de São Paulo, bem como perceber o lócus do pintor no panorama da pintura de paisagem marinha e no meio artístico brasileiro do século XIX<br>Abstract: Giovanni Castagneto's Marinha com barco (1895) and Paisagem com rio e barco ao seco em São Paulo 'Ponte Grande' (1895) are the origin of this present study which begins with a brief story of seascape co-relating both the European and Brazilian productions. The following step consists on the analysis of the artist's production under the practice of his serial paintings due to the possibility of identification of a frequent repetition of motives in the painter's works. From this point, we evaluate the series 'barcos ao seco' released by the painter throughout his career and which includes the paintings mentioned previously. Finally, we focus on the period in which the artist exhibited in São Paulo and the relationship established in the cultural environment of the city. This course was necessary for a deeper comprehension of the painter's production in São Paulo as well as his importance in the forming cultural class. Therefore we intend, throughout the chosen paintings, to notice the importance of Castagneto in the both sea and landscape production context and in the Brazilian artistic class<br>Mestrado<br>Historia da Arte<br>Mestre em História da Arte
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Conceição, Carlos Augusto Ribeiro da. "Koonsland-comércio de duplos." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UNL-Universidade Nova de Lisboa -- FCSH-Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas -- -Departamento de Ciências da Comunicação, 1997. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29838.
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