Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Art and theology'
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Bruneel, Benjamin. "Art and worship in Zwinglian theology." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p001-1141.
Full textManning, Russell Robert. "Theology at the end of culture : Paul Tillich's theology of culture and art." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615700.
Full textWorley, Taylor. "Theology and contemporary visual art : making dialogue possible." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/940.
Full textSlikker, Hank B. "Narrative art, unity, and theology in 1 Kings 22:1-38." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
Full textLindloff, Aaron. "Filmic icons a new art for worship /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
Full textLee, Keonsoo. "Revisiting the use of art, imagery and symbolism in the Presbyterian Liturgical tradition in Korea : a practical-theological research." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85728.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aesthetics has a theological calling: The beauty (or ugliness) in the world and art incites us to long for the divine eternal beauty. The earthly beauty is revelatory and analogous to the beauty of God. Imagination, i.e. making an image, whether mental or physical, is an inherent faculty of human beings who were created in the image of God. It is an insuppressible human activity. Besides, the search for meaning, which is a universal human quest for the purpose in life, is a concern common in both religion and art. Aesthetics (art and beauty) thereby should be a theological locus, a graceful partner of theological dialogue. But how much are aesthetic dimensions incorporated in the Korean Presbyterian theological/liturgical context? Visual art, imagery and symbolism are considered marginal or even dangerous in the Korean Presbyterian churches while preaching is given a dominant position in their worship services. As a result, they are losing sight of the essential implications that aesthetic, embodied experiences of art, imagery and symbolism have for liturgical richness. Art, imagery and symbolism are fundamental components in Christian life and worship as demonstrated with numerous evidences throughout the Christian history. They are never discordant with the tradition of the Word, but rather, have critical importance to theology for five reasons – the human as embodied being, a manifestation of imago Dei, the integrative characteristic of our thinking and perceiving, the Bible as book of images, and the contemporary culture of images. Against this backdrop, aesthetic expressions of art, imagery and symbolism are claimed to have five features significant to Christian worship: The revelatory power of the beauty in nature or works of art displays something of God; aesthetic expressions of art, imagery and symbolism speak to the human totality as an intelligent-affective-sensate-corporeal being; people necessarily become participants in the performative nature of art and its claim of truth; the beauty, truth and goodness manifested in works of art may be a reminder of our responsibility to work for the transformation of the world; an artwork can serve an eloquent mode of hoping for the present absent reality of the Kingdom of God. In terms of these qualities, an implication that aesthetic experiences in worship have the power to reframe, taking us to the encounter with the divine beauty, goodness and truth, is drawn, and a fusion of the verbal and non-verbal is claimed conclusively.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Estetika het 'n teologiese roeping: Die skoonheid (of lelikheid) in die wêreld en kuns moedig ons aan om na die goddelike ewige skoonheid te verlang. Die aardse skoonheid is openbarend en ooreenkomstig tot die skoonheid van God. Verbeelding, dit wil sê die maak van 'n beeld, óf dit geestelik of fisies is, is 'n inherente fakulteit van die mens wat in die beeld van God geskape is. Dit is 'n menslike aktiwiteit wat nie onderdruk kan word nie. Buitendien, die soeke na betekenis, wat 'n universele menslike soektog na die doel van die lewe is, is 'n belangstelling wat algemeen in godsdiens en kuns voorkom. Estetika (kuns en skoonheid) moet daarmee 'n teologiese lokus wees, 'n bekoorlike vennoot in die teologiese dialoog. Hoeveel van estetiese dimensies word egter in die Koreaanse Presbiteriaanse teologiese / liturgiese konteks opgeneem? Visuele kuns, beelde en simboliek word as marginaal of selfs gevaarlik in die Koreaanse Presbiteriaanse kerke beskou, terwyl prediking 'n dominante posisie in hul eredienste beklee. Die gevolg is dat die belangrikste implikasies wat die estetiese, beliggaamde ervarings wat kuns, beelde en simboliek vir liturgiese rykdom inhou, uit die oog verloor word. Kuns, beelde en simboliek is fundamentele komponente van die Christelike lewe en aanbidding soos verskeie getuienis in die Christelike geskiedenis demonstreer. Hulle is nooit teenstrydig met die tradisie van die Woord nie, maar dit is eerder van kardinale belang vir die teologie vir vyf redes – die mens as beliggaamde wese; 'n manifestasie van die Imago Dei; die geïntegreerde kenmerk van ons denke en waarneming; die Bybel as boek van beelde, en die huidige kontemporêre kultuur van beelde. Die estetiese uitdrukking van kuns, beelde en simboliek besit op hierdie gronde vyf eienskappe van belang vir die Christelike aanbidding naamlik: Die openbarende krag van skoonheid in die natuur of kunswerke wat iets van God vertoon; die estetiese uitdrukking van kuns, beelde en simboliek praat tot die menslike totaliteit as 'n intelligente-affektiewe-sintuiglik-waarnemende-liggaamlike wese; mense word noodsaaklike deelnemers in die performatiewe aard van kuns en sy eis van die waarheid; die skoonheid, waarheid en goedheid wat in kunswerke te sien is, kan vir ons tot 'n herinnering wees van ons verantwoordelikheid om vir die transformasie van die wêreld te werk; 'n kunswerk kan as 'n welsprekende beeld van hoop vir die hede dien in die afwesige werklikheid van die Koninkryk van God. Die implikasie van die mag om verandering te weeg te bring wat estetiese ervarings in aanbidding mag hê, word volgens hierdie eienskappe veronderstel. Dit neem ons na ʼn ontmoeting met die goddelike skoonheid, goedheid en waarheid en die samesmelting van die verbale en nieverbale word gevolglik opgeëis.
Mathewson, Steven D. "The art of preaching Old Testament narrative literature." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2000. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p068-0218.
Full textVette, Joachim F. "Narrative art and reader creativity a comparative reading of 1 Samuel 9:1-10:16 /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
Full textHsieh, Su-Lien. "Buddhist meditation as art practice : art practice as Buddhist meditation." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2010. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/1942/.
Full textLaFountain, Jason David. "The Puritan Art World." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11006.
Full textHistory of Art and Architecture
Heger, Mary Anise. "One cross, two painters the theology of the cross from an art-historic perspective /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2004. http://www.tren.com.
Full textThompson, Ann. "The art of suffering : an examination of one aspect of seventeenth-century practical theology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627425.
Full textPaige, Merritt Medlock Johnson. "Professions of faith : stained glass making and the visual culture of theology." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24476.
Full textKakaletris, George. "Icons the concerns inherent within the theology of the Eastern Orthodox Church on iconography /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
Full textBoyd, Jason C. "Action research as a way of doing theology (ART) : transforming my practice of preaching the Bible with my congregation." Thesis, University of Chester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/607244.
Full textHughes, Patricia J. "A study of Built of living stones art, architecture and worship, in the light of practical theology /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
Full text"This study is intended for those who assist a parish in building or renovating a worship space. The context is situated in the U.S. Catholic parishes in the twenty-first century ..."--Leaf xviii. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-136).
Begbie, Jeremy S. "Theology, ontology and the philosophy of art, with special reference to Paul Tillich and the Dutch Neo-Calvinists." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU003529.
Full textTurner, Sharon Kay Richey. "Bigger God, stronger women helping women expand their God imagery through art /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p075-0072.
Full textDowns, J. "Ministers of 'the Black Art' : the engagement of British clergy with photography, 1839-1914." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/35917.
Full textOliveira, Flavio Valentim de. "Arte, teologia e morte : interludios Filosoficos entre Franz Kafka e Walter Benjamin." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/282064.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T17:15:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_FlavioValentimde_M.pdf: 1005531 bytes, checksum: c9d6993c6a99977a2af3074266cb3398 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo duas peças kafkianas intituladas, respectivamente, de Josefina, A cantora ou O povo dos ratos, de 1924, ano da morte do escritor, e o conto póstumo O caçador Graco, publicado como narrativas do espólio. Buscamos investigar nestas duas narrativas à problemática do declínio das formas de transcendência: sintetizadas na arte, na teologia e na morte dentro da modernidade. Através de uma leitura histórico-filológica destas duas narrativas buscamos uma aproximação crítica com a filosofia de Walter Benjamin, em especial com a sua teoria da narração. O conjunto dessas narrativas é também analisado a partir de uma reconstituição do cenário literário e filosófico das interpretações kafkianas, tais como: as leituras sionistas de Max Brod a partir da filosofia de Arthur Schopenhauer e Martin Buber, as ressonâncias das leituras de Kafka sobre Kierkegaard e Nietzsche e, por fim, as polêmicas de Benjamin com Brod e Gershom Scholem, cujo motivo principal gira em torno de uma leitura materialista e alegórica do escritor tcheco.
Abstract: This research has as study object two intitled kafkians parts, respectively, of Josefina, the singer or the people of the rats, of 1924, year of the death of the writer, and the posthumous story the Graco hunter, published as narratives of the estate. We search to investigate in these two narratives to the problematic one of the decline of the transcendence forms: synthecized in the art, the theology and the death inside of modernity. Through a reading description-philologycal of these two narratives we search a critical approach with the philosophy of Walter Benjamin, in special with its theory of the narration. The set of these narratives also is analyzed from an reconstitution of the literary and philosophical scene of the kafkians interpretations, such as: the Zionist readings of Max Brod from the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer and Martin Buber, the resonances of the readings of Kafka on Kierkegaard and Nietzsche and, finally, the controversies of Benjamin with Brod and Gershom Scholem, whose funny main reason around a materialistic and allegorically reading of the writer Czech.
Mestrado
Filosofia
McCrea, Genevieve Rosalind Art College of Fine Arts UNSW. "Self organization in nature." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Art, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43573.
Full textGrubbs, Jeffrey Bryan. "Teacher Belief Research in Art Education: Analyzing a Church of Christ Christian College Art Educator Beliefs and their Influence on Teaching." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1284733542.
Full textKarlsson, Klemens. "Face to face with the absent Buddha : The formation of Buddhist Aniconic art." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Theology, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-421.
Full textEarly art in Buddhist cultic sites was characterized by the absence of anthropomorphicimages of the Buddha. The Buddha was instead represented by different signs, like awheel, a tree, a seat and footprints. This study emphasizes the transformation this artunderwent from simple signs to carefully made aniconic compositions representing theBuddha in a narrative context.
Buddhist aniconic art has been explained by a prohibition against images of theBuddha or by a doctrine that made it inappropriate to depict the body of the Buddha.This study rejects such explanations. Likewise, the practice of different meditationalexercises cannot explain this transformation. Instead, it is important to understand thatearly art at Buddhist cultic sites consisted of simple signs belonging to a shared sacredIndian culture. This art reflected a notion of auspiciousness, fertility and abundance.The formation of Buddhist aniconic art was indicated by the connection of these auspi- cious signs with a narrative tradition about the life and teachings of the Buddha.
The study emphasizes the importance Sakyamuni Buddha played in the formation ofBuddhist art. The Buddha was interpreted as an expression of auspiciousness, but hewas also connected with a soteriological perspective. Attention is also focused on thefact that the development of Buddhist art and literature was a gradual and mutualprocess. Furthermore, Buddhist aniconic art presaged the making of anthropomorphicimages of the Buddha. It was not an innovation of motive for the Buddhists when theystarted to make anthropomorphic images of the Buddha. He was already there.
Furgang, Lynne Eva Art College of Fine Arts UNSW. "The city that never sleeps." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Art, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43556.
Full textWerner, Xenia. "Marian typology an analysis of hymnography and iconography /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
Full textMcGee, Paula L. "The Wal-Martization of African American Religion: T.D. Jakes and Woman Thou Art Loosed." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/70.
Full textMichael, Georgia. "Imaging divinity : the 'invisible' Godhead in early Christian art c.300-c.730." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7318/.
Full textHaller, Jeffrey. "The image of the unseen God contextual relevance in the visual portrayal of Christ /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
Full textMcClain, Daniel Wade. "Action, image, and practice the revival of aesthetics in the theologies of Nicholas Wolterstorff and Frank Burch Brown /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
Full textThomason, Emily C. "Catholic Transtemporality through the Lens of Andrea Pozzo and the Jesuit Catholic Baroque." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1596048028639872.
Full textAndersson, Robert. "Spiritually uncontrolled art : exploring aesthetics of evil in contemporary music." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för kultur-, religions- och utbildningsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8368.
Full textArblaster, Wes J. "A Semblance of Things Unseen: Damaged Experience and Aesthetic Recovery in Theodor Adorno and Hans Urs Von Balthasar." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1501088676099751.
Full textBlaustein, Cindy Garfinkel. "An investigation of twentieth century observant Jewish fine artists." FIU Digital Commons, 1993. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1695.
Full textEngell, Jessen Maria Elisabeth. "Conversion as a narrative, visual, and stylistic mode in William Blake's works." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0238fceb-5538-4a7b-903d-5952bf777286.
Full textShepherd, Jason D. "Redeeming the arts creativity as the primary component of the humanitas attributes in the imago Dei /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
Full textHebbeler, Michael H. "The Sister Karamazov: Dorothy Day's Encounter with Dostoevsky's Novel." Dayton, Ohio : University of Dayton, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1250126537.
Full textKhashogji, Lina N. "The influence of social media on gendered identity in Saudi Arabia, in relation to the religious curriculum throughout Saudi schools : media, politics and human development." Thesis, Kingston University, 2016. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/37876/.
Full textGomes, Nelson. "A BUSCA DO SAGRADO Um enfoque da religião na obra de Richard Wagner na perspectiva teológica de Paul Tillich." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2013. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/277.
Full textRichard Wagner conceived the artwork as an activity similar to religion that should lead the human being to reflection about essential questions of his existence and conduct him to perfection. Wagner was always obsessed with the idea of redemption and his apprehension about regeneration of human being passed over of all his works. Wagner religious concepts has always been presented in his musical works and his literary essays, combining Christian and Buddhist traditions, political ideas and mythological principles that delineate his personal credo, a kind of syncretic religion in which the artwork has its place as a transcendence element, fulfilling the function to interpret the mythical symbols and making them comprehensible to human spirit perceptions. Wagner artistic ideals goes at the encounter of Paul Tillich thoughts and his Theology of Culture. Tillich states that religion is not restricted to the limits of religious temples or institutional domains, but could be found in any human expression that can manifest the ultimate concern . It can be recognized at any situation where one can find the unconditional element, in human manifestations of creativity and in culture, in honest searching for the truth or pursuing solutions to the existence adversities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to search in Tillichian thoughts a theological correlation to redemption anxiety evidenced in Wagnerian artwork.
Richard Wagner concebia a arte como uma atividade similar à religião, que deveria conduzir o ser humano à reflexão sobre as questões principais de sua existência e levá-lo ao aperfeiçoamento. Wagner sempre foi obcecado pela ideia da redenção e a preocupação do compositor com a regeneração do ser humano perpassa toda a sua obra. Os conceitos religiosos de Wagner, presentes em sua obra musical e em seus ensaios literários, reúnem tradições cristãs e budistas, ideias políticas e preceitos mitológicos que delineiam o seu credo pessoal, uma forma de religião sincrética na qual a arte tem o seu lugar como elemento de transcendência, cumprindo a função de interpretar os símbolos míticos para torna-los compreensíveis à percepção do espírito humano. Os ideais artísticos de Wagner vão ao encontro do pensamento de Paul Tillich e a sua Teologia da Cultura. Tillich afirma que a religião não está restrita aos limites dos templos religiosos ou aos domínios institucionais, mas encontra-se em qualquer expressão humana na qual se manifeste a preocupação suprema . Ela pode ser reconhecida em qualquer situação onde se encontre o elemento incondicional, nas manifestações da criatividade humana e na cultura, na busca honesta da verdade ou na procura de solução para as adversidades da existência. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo é buscar no pensamento tillichiano uma correlação teológica para os anseios de redenção evidenciados na obra de arte wagneriana.
Youansamouth, Edward. "'Two congenial beings of another sphere' : Peter Sterry as a theological precursor to William Blake." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4e5b37ea-be6c-4397-8ebc-aeb6dde63d82.
Full textSandoval, Elizabeth Marie. "A Material Sign of Self: The Book as Metaphor and Representation in Fifteenth-Century Northern European Art." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531875789992912.
Full textVermont, Ernest L. "Tactics of truth : military principles for waging spiritual warfare /." [Longwood, Fla.] : Xulon, 2006. http://library.fuller.edu/library/archives/bookplates/kraft_charles_h.asp.
Full textNobilio, Fabien. "Le souffle de l'Esprit dans l'évangile de Jean: influences culturelles, art littéraire, visée initiatique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210574.
Full textDoctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Barush, Kathryn R. ""Every age is a Canterbury pilgrimage" : art and the sacred journey in Britain, c. 1790-1850." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:63e1545c-1362-4bc3-bbc3-b950eecf7c70.
Full textTerror, Heloisa Helena Guedes. "O BELO E A SALVAÇÃO NO PENSAMENTO DE MEISHU-SAMA." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2009. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/520.
Full textThis present text seeks to present the relationship between religion and art from Meishu-Sama s thought, founder of Sekai Kyusei Kyo (named Igreja Messiânica Mundial in Portuguese), religion founded in Japan in 1935 and that arrived in Brazil in 1955. To do this, we briefly describe his personal and religious history and the foundations of his teachings. For him, Beauty may promote the salvation of mankind, bringing their spirituality through the contact with various forms of art. The research examines, among others, concepts of Beauty, salvation and religion under the thought of Meishu-Sama. It presents considerations about the religious phenomenon, mainly addressing the aspects of sacred and symbol. Specially, it dialogues with the German theologian Paul Tillich and the Theology of Culture, aiming to establish a rapprochement between the two perspectives with regard to painting. The study describes the salvific power of Beauty in some forms of artistic events and sacred spaces offK.(AU)
Este texto busca apresentar a relação entre religião e arte a partir do pensamento de Meishu-Sama, fundador da Igreja Messiânica Mundial, religião criada no Japão em 1935 e que chegou ao Brasil em 1955. Para isso, descrevemos brevemente a sua trajetória pessoal e religiosa e os fundamentos de seus ensinamentos. Para ele, o Belo pode promover a salvação do ser humano, elevando a sua espiritualidade através do contato com as várias modalidades artísticas. A pesquisa analisa, entre outros, os conceitos de Belo, de salvação e de religião no âmbito do pensamento de Meishu-Sama. Apresenta considerações sobre o fenômeno religioso, abordando principalmente os aspectos do sagrado e do símbolo. Em especial, dialoga com o teólogo alemão Paul Tillich e sua Teologia da Cultura, buscando estabelecer uma aproximação entre as duas perspectivas no que diz respeito à pintura. O estudo descreve o poder salvífico do Belo em algumas formas de manifestações artísticas e espaços sagrados da IMM.(AU)
Friberg, von Sydow Rikard. "Att ta skriken på allvar : Etiska perspektiv på självdestruktivt beteende." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Etik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160566.
Full textMiddlebrooks, Justin M. Mr. "The Intersection Between Politics, Culture, and Spirituality: An Interdisciplinary Investigation of Performance Art Activism and Contemporary Societal Problems." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1333397676.
Full textCraft, Jennifer Allen. "Making a place on earth : participation in creation and redemption through placemaking and the arts." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3732.
Full textMacGilvray, Brian. "The Subversion of Neoplatonic Theory in Claude Le Jeune’s Octonaires de la vanité et inconstance du monde." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1481567182875404.
Full textChookaszian, Emma. "L'analyse historique, iconographique et théologique des manuscrits royaux et princiers des trois premiers rois Het'umides du Royaume arménien de Cilicie." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30095.
Full textHe subject of my PHD is “The iconographic, historic andtheological analysis of the royal manuscripts of the first three kings of theHetoumid dynasty of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia” (13th century). I can saywith confidence that it’s the most interesting period in the whole Armenian arthistory, a period when Armenian Kingdom was on the crossroads of hugeempires. Political prosperity was accompanied by economic flourishing, based onthe abundance of natural resources, by high standards in handicrafts for whichthe Armenians have always been famous. This was an age of completely newquality in the book art. The miniature painting became inseparable symbol of theArmenian Kingdom of Cilicia. In flourishing of Cilician painting an important rolewas played by the commissioners, as it was usual for Middle Ages: kings andprinces, among which the most educated were especially distinguished HetumianPrinces who have commissioned the most magnificent Armenian manuscripts.King Levon II and his elder son Hetoum II were probably most educated Ciliciankings and delicate connoisseurs of art. They possessed a rich library where acollection of manuscripts, decorated with miniature paintings, existed. Three ofthem of high artistic quality now are in Mahstots Matenadaran: the MalatiaGospel of 1268, copied and adorned by Toros Roslin by the order of Kostandin I,who intended the manuscript as a gift for, at that time, four-year-old Hetoum II,the Lectionary of 1286 commissioned by future king Hetoum II, and the Bibleordered already by the king Hetoum II in 1295.One of the most elegant and dramatic illuminated manuscripts of that period isthe Gospel of Queen Keran; it was commissioned by the Queen at Sis, Cilicia, in1272 after the ascension of her husband, Levon II to the throne. The Queen isrepresented in one of the last leaves, together with her husband, King Levon IIand their three children - kneeling piously in front of a "Deisis".Cilicia had been on the crossroads of the merchant routes between the East andthe West and the artists who had worked on these manuscripts had travelledmuch and had seen the works of the Italian, Greek and even Persian artists andminiaturists. Perhaps this is the explaination of the stylistic diversity that we findin these manuscripts. We know that Hetoum II made his sister Rita marry theByzantine Emperor Michael Paleolog and may suppose that byzantinemanuscripts had been given as wedding gifts and so became known in the ciliciancourt.Being strongly influenced by Byzantine art and iconography and taking intoconsideration the style of representation of the features of the faces of characterswe may call the style of the manuscripts of this group Italo-Byzantine. AnyhowArmenian manuscripts of this period have always attracted scholars and arthistorians all over the world and the style in which these miniature paintings arerepresented has been called Armeno-Byzantine.The profound research on this subject reveals the most mysterious parts aboutthese manuscripts: I am speaking about the most unbelievable details that onecan find in their decorations. The majority of the elements integrated in thedecorations of the title pages are adopted from Romanesque, Italian, Mongol andeven Chinese art. We can see here three-headed creatures, human-headedplants, Chinese lions and dragons, phoenixes and many more fantastic elements.These manuscripts fascinate with their texts written in fine 'Bolorgir' script inblack ink with colored capitals and much more fascinating content which has asignificant meaning connected with the decorations of the pages on which theyare written. To understand the meaning of these texts we need to consult thewritings of medieval theologians, to understand the period the people creating itlived in and the believes they had
Rafferty, Agnes. "We are what we eat : feminist liberation theology and the theology of the Eucharist." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549638.
Full text