Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Art – Aspect politique – URSS'
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Camden, Valérie. "L'influence du proletkult sur la théorie et la pratique constructivistes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27052/27052.pdf.
Full textSemenoff-Tian-Chansky, Irène. "Contribution à l'étude du régime soviétique : les relations entre le pouvoir et les peintres, du printemps 1953 au printemps 1989." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990IEPP0020.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the functioning and the evolution of the political regime of the USSR through the relationships between the authorities and painters which bring forward a precise understanding of the totalitarianism. Since the revolution the soviet authorities had established an exclusive artistic ideology, that is the marxist-leninist theory with a realistic socialistic method of creation. A mono-organisational system has been instituted in order to put into practice the painters responsability in the construction of communism. Since Stalin's death, painters tried to conquest freedom. But the authorities wanted to hold the party's guiding role and keep the artistic uniformity. In order to control non-conformists, they tried to integrate many of them, and to reject the others in the emigration. Finally, this policy has developed many discrepencies, which explains why the soviet state carried out a liberalisation in the field of fins arts since Gorbatchev
Pichon-Bonin, Cécile. "Peinture et politique en URSS dans l'entre-deux guerres : l'itinéraire des membres de la Société des artistes de chevalet (OST)." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010676.
Full textSkopin, Denis. "La politique de la disparition et la photographie : pour une théorie du milieu." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083520.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the phenomenon of the enforced disappearances under dictatorships, and the term “policy of disappearance” includes (covers) cases, when physical repressions of political enemies are accompanied by erasing material traces of the victim. The thesis analyzes in the political and aesthetic perspective the phenomenon of elimination of faces of the “public enemies” on group photos in Russia during the Stalin era. The study has as its empirical base eighty photographs found by the author in the course of research in the archives of several Russian cities. These photos have various traces such as blacking out or inscriptions left by the Stalin's police. This analysis may be interesting because it discovers several fields for reflection, allowing a joint inquiry into the nature of terrorism and political significance of photography. In order to conceive the relationship between politics and aesthetics, the study systematically uses the concepts of “transindividual environment” (G. Simondon) and the “apparatus” (J-L. Déotte). The question concerns destruction of the environment as the result of political disappearances, or its creation by the apparatus, one of which is photography. The thesis has 374 pages, including 19 illustrations and a bibliography of 269 sources
Teurtrie, David. "Les enjeux de souveraineté entre la Russie et son étranger proche." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1499.
Full textSueur, Alain. "URSS et mythologie avant la perestroi͏̈ka." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010295.
Full textThe data consists of every item speaking about ussr written in the seven main french daily newspapers, during the period between december 1981 and february 1982, plus editorials on the death of Leonid Brejnev at the end of 1982. The analysis is double : 1 first a plain and critical lecture of all the data with their surroundings (photos, drawings) to find and to list the stereotypes on URSS, and suggesting a typology. 2 By a deep analysis of editorials on events in poland and on the death of l. Brejnev, to see the stereotypes in action and, by a semiotical approach, to find the quests (A. J. Greimas meaning), using the method of Y. Delahaye on foreign affairs texts. A third part connects those stereotypes to the well known myths of humanity : heroism, need of protection, order, barbarianism, "bon sauvage", ogre, dragon, ideal city, golden age, mad sciencist, the evil, poison, babel, david, apocalypsis. This mythical galaxy, reflect of hopes and distresses of the french opinion, is analysed with the help of the works of gilbert durand (imaginary structures : heroical, synthetical, mystical), Georges Dumézil (three offices : king priests, warriors, producers), and A. J. Greimas (quest analysis). The french opinion, traduced by the press, has a triple vision of ussr at the beginning of the '80s : 1 dialectical, "cricled ussr" (sacrilege) in search of protection to build the idal city ; 2 expulsion, "retarded Russia" (cowardliness) with an unsuseful heroism in a babel ; 3 analogical, "the spotted empire" (slovenliness) wishing order to get to the golden age
Regamey, Amandine. "Dérision et politique en URSS : le rire contre la légitimité du pouvoir soviétique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0002.
Full textZaretskaïa-Balsente, Ioulia. "De la vérité allégorique à l'érosion du système, une troisième voie : les non-conformistes intégrés et le pouvoir en URSS : 1965-1985." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0003.
Full textAlazard, Florence. "Art vocal, art de gouverner : la musique, le prince et la cité en Italie du Nord, 1560-1610." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR2005.
Full textChomentowski, Gabrielle. "L'Amitié des peuples à travers l'objectif de la caméra soviétique : politique des nationalités et cinéma en URSS de 1928 à 1941." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0026.
Full textFriendship among people” is an expression created by Communist Party leaders in the USSR in the middle of the 1930’s. It illustrated the shift in the policy of nationalities at that time. In 1936, in a speech announcing the adoption of a new Soviet Constitution, Stalin declared that thanks to Socialism, former dissensions between peoples had disappeared. On a political level, the expression “friendship among people” was used as a metaphor to unify all soviet citizens inside the same political community. This new step in the policy of nationalities marked the end of the “affirmative action” towards all nationalities in the USSR, as the historian Terry Martin qualified this policy. Cinema appeared to be a relevant object of research to analyse all the breaks and continuities in the implementation of the policy of nationalities in the USSR from 1928 to 1941. Cinema, as “the most important of all the arts”, especially for its propagandistic purposes, became an object of particular interest for Communist Party leaders. In this dissertation, we focused our attention on two objects: Vostokkino, a cinema production studio, created in 1928 to represent “eastern peoples”, and the National Film Festival, planed to occur in 1937 for the 20th jubilee of the October Revolution. The Festival didn’t occur because most of the discussions during the organisation of this Festival showed that the policy of nationalities in soviet cinema did not succeed. The study of those two objects showed how the cinema industry was used to transmit the socialist message among all the peoples and how the film analysis was another way to describe the reality of this time
Chérel, Emmanuelle. "Le Porte parole de Krzysztof Wodiczko." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20019.
Full textThis study takes as its theme the social and political role of contemporary art. In approaching this subject, we have decided to direct our attention to the way in Krzysztof Wodiczko which conceptualises art, which he defines as a social-aesthetic practice operating within the heart of culture with the idea of transforming it. We have thus focussed upon one of this artistic performances : the "Mouthpiece" (1994). For the artist, this Instrument made for immigrants allows them to speak out in the public domain and to opose their exclusion from it. But what could the use of such an aesthetic object signify? How will it present and reveal itself? To which techniques of de-alienation does Krzysztof Wodiczko have access? What could the consequences of this work be in a democratic arena? In retracing the history of the project, we commit ourselves to describing the way in which Mouthpiece presents itself we observe stage by stage (working, in particular, from the interviews that resulted from working closely with "performers/immigrants") the conditions of their use and the effects which they produce on their users. The analysis of the components and structure of the sign, the deployment of notions of the in-situ (site contextuality), performance and fiction, the use of concepts pertaining to the fields of psychoanalysis, sociology, linguistics, enable us to participate in the reflection upon the cognitive role of art
Ornano, Stanislas d'. "Art contemporain et régulation politique dans les années 80 : étude cognitive comparée (Allemagne/France)." Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE21004.
Full textVasilieva, Maria. "L'évolution des systèmes de prises des décisions dans le nucléaire soviétique (Russe)." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040111.
Full textRobert, Carole. "Échanges artistiques entre la France et l'URSS (1945-1985) : les arts plastiques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010691.
Full textPodzorova, Marija. "Vers l’Internationale « communiste » des arts : Circulations des arts plastiques et des artistes entre l’URSS et l’Occident (Allemagne, États-Unis, France, Italie) dans l’entre-deux-guerres (1918-1936)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC109.
Full textThe study on the circulation of artists and works of art between the West and the USSR includes several factors that are related to ideological propaganda, economic policy and the geopolitical context. The aim of this research is to study artistic internationalism in the political and social perspective of this great turning point in the contemporary era that was the October Revolution. These circulations are formed also within the framework of a movement against art for art’s sake and against an elitist art, in favor of an art committed to the proletariat. The object of art then bears an economic and symbolic value. The study analyzes issues related specifically to the structures of the Soviet and Western art scene in their confrontation and cooperation. The protagonists of these circulations are numerous, and their activities cross and overlap, through their itinerary and their place in the USSR as well as in the West. By analyzing the structuration of artistic circulations, this research highlights their achievements and their dysfunctions, rooted in ideological, political, social and economic logics
Monnier, Jean-Claude. "Sur quelques pratiques contemporaines de l'art : entre dés-oeuvrement et régimes de temporalité." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082422.
Full textNumerous contemporary art practices give priority to the process to the detriment of the finished work. This priority of the process is refered to as "de-centred work". Its model resembles that of informational economy and network imagination. This model is based on urgency and on the reduction of the present. Hence, the hypothesis that the critical capacity of the de-centred work does not lie in the process but in the temporal regimes which call for an historical depth or for the slowing down of the passing of the time. The problem is about the issues of a world "dis-symbolised" by technological and economic imperatives and by ideological transformations. In this context, the views which consider the artistic experience tantamount to an adaptation to the real are symtomatic of the debarment which affects the social imagination. In this aesthetical and ideological struggle, it deals with reconstructing a theoretical basis capable of thinking up the elements of a new political subjectivity
Vahidé-Rakhshani, Nasser. "L'art graphique et luttes sociales en Iran aujourd'hui : (de 1979 à nos jours)." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010512.
Full textFor the actual political power, the artistic creation,s notably the graphic arts, is considered among other moens, "as one of the more privilaged means of social transformation" this "transformation" will be possible provided that the regime (as well as the political organization of the opposition) impose a system of "directed propaganda" in order to influence the public opinion. But in the politico cultural space, wich is agitated by the social conflicts, "the political imagery is not merely a groupe of political images, not even a certain look on the image of the politics but a real system of communication". The main object of the continueus instrumantalization of the arts (graphic art) in iran (from 1979 up today) is to make it participate in the "construction" of a "new" public opinion in a mythological and mystical sphere, where the myths manifest themselves in a "codified", allegorical" and "deceptive" appearance, and all this through signs and symboles
Katsakioris, Constantin. "Leçons soviétiques : la formation des étudiants africains et arabes en URSS pendant la guerre froide." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0006.
Full textThe thesis explores the Soviet educational aid towards African and Arab countries from the mid-1950s to the end of the Cold War (1989). Soviet aid responded to the need of postcolonial countries and national liberation movements to train students who would then put their qualifications in the service of national independence. State-building and economic development. At the same time it constituted a means for the USSR to influence the political and economic orientation of postcolonial countries. Despite wariness vis-à-vis the USSR, the reception of students in many Soviet higher educational institutions, most often prestigious ones, continued unabated. Third world students' academic, social, cultural and political life in the USSR was extremely rich. Yet a number of violent incidents provoked disillusionment and the reactions of part of the Black African students. Nevertheless, seen in the context of the rivalry between the communist East and the capitalist West, the training of thousands of students and the implementation of concrete social and economic goals, allow arguing that Soviet aid for the newly independent countries of major importance
Orivel, Estelle. "Légitimité de l'intervention de l'Etat dans le domaine des arts : Rationalité des acteurs et optimum social." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE011.
Full textThe legitimacy of state intervention must be analysed through its capacity to bring the point of market equilibrium nearer from that of social optimum. The first ambition of this thesis is to focus on the dependency of the analysis on 1) rationality hypotheses concerning economic and political agents'behavior and 2) value judgements hidden behind criteria of social optimum. While rationality hypotheses of economic agents lead to the determination of market equilibrium, that is to the point reached concerning the consumption and production of arts, criteria of social optimum define the point to be reached. The gap between the two constitutes the failure of the market. The existence of market failures does not suffice however to demonstrate the legitimacy of state intervention. Indeed, the functionning of the state can, it too, be the subject of other kinds of failures. One must thus analyse, rather than the ideal functionning of the state, its actual functionning, whose characterisation depends, just like that of the market, on rationality hypotheses concerning the behavior of political agents. Finally, apart from the focus placed on the dependence of the analysis on rationality hypotheses and criteria of social optimum, a second original innovation consists in the implementation of a survey on a random sample of 987 french individuals. Its objectives are of two kinds: first of all, test some of the hypotheses concerning the characterisation of works of arts; second of all, establish the excess or insufficiency of the financial effort made by the state concerning the arts
Kellenberger, Sonja. "Pratiques artistiques et formes de la mobilisation politique dans la ville : une approche sociologique de quatre collectifs d'artistes-activistes à Paris et à Londres." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100154.
Full textThe protest movements of the 90s comes along, in France as in other European countries, of the reactication of an original form of the political commitment based on the artistic intervention. The participation of artists highlights the aesthetic dimensions of the mobilization and reveals the contemporary stakes in the democratization of the art as well as the role of the urban environment in the collective action. The research interrogates this phenomenom in its artistic, political and urban dimensions and their interactions from an ethnographical work about four groups of activist artists in Paris and in London. The study of hybrid groups allows to understand the modes of mobilization , participation and organization which update the militant and artistic practices
Griesse, Malte. "Communiquer, juger et agir sous Staline : la personne prise entre ses liens avec les proches et son rapport au système politico-idéologique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0129.
Full textThis dissertation deals with personal ties and •their evolution in Stalin’s time. It examines the formation of the person through the process of communicational exchanges at multiple levels, from the intimate to the public realms. The person is analysed at the interface of her/his multiple interactive ties, as well as his reflections on positioning himself in a larger context, especially the politico-ideological system of the time in the Soviet Union. The study focuses on engaged communists, mainly those who could be called the founding fathers of the Soviet state: Bolshevik pioneers whose personal ties and friendships often emerged from, a common revolutionary militancy under the auspices of the Party. 8ased on personal documents such as diaries, letters and memoirs this thesis shows in particular the crucial role played by engaged communication among people close to each other in the development of critical capacity relative to the regime in power
Mermat, Djamel. "Les imaginaires du changement dans les discours communistes : le cas du PCF : 1976-2004." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL20032.
Full textAll along French Communist Party history, its leaders had to resolve a great ideology tension. They was trapped between a way of faithfulness to communist heritage and communism history and the other way is a need of evolution in order to follow the society and the world. Our Study consists in showing how a politic party tries to find a way out between these two ways. Our Study begins about 1976, the year of the 22nd communist convention which shows an ideology breaking off : we find here the will to move away from taking East society and Party as their models. We find here the first signs of leaving Marxism mind. 1976, is still an important year because of the ideologies changes and because it's the beginning of the end for the great Left Union. French Communist Party is obliged to get politically isolated, once again , and has to face the dilemma we propose to study. . . In electoral point of view, the fight in left becomes quite new (The separation between Communist Party and Socialist Party was significantly decreasing. From that time, we study the different speeches of leaders and members because we have to keep on mind that communist culture has always been oral speeches. That's why we study the components of these speeches, images and communists' ideas and the different changes of direction of this rhetoric during the last thirty years. We're interested in the symbols which keep the communist machine with questions that have been abandoned. We put the stress on concepts of loyalty, confidence, in other words, the social psychology mechanism and conformism inside a politic party. Here we find a contribution to the study of the collective affectivity and the imaginary changes
Lamoureux, Ève. "Art et politique : l'engagement chez les artistes actuels en arts visuels au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19356.
Full textTezkan, Ayse Melis. "De l'intime au politique à l'identité à travers l'art vidéo en France, en Turquie et au Brésil." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030056.
Full textThis thesis discusses the definition and the political extensions of identity, whichit questions through the expression of the intimate in video art from the 70s till today.The intimate is considered not only as the fading of borders between the private and the public but also as the nature of the relationship between the video and its viewers.The field of this research is geographically limited to France, Brazil and Turkey,because of the particular relation of each of these countries to the notion of cultural and national identity: the young Turkish identity, born from the ashes of the Ottoman Empire, standing between the West and the East; the Brazilian identity, established upon hybridity; the French identity, put to the test of immigration.The first part, which is structured by a geographical and chronological approach,exposes the important traits of video art’s history on these three territories as well assome social and/or political events which have left marks on the aesthetical preferences:the Coups d'état in Brazil and Turkey, the advent of Turkish modernity, the cannibalistic Brazilian movement, the reflections of the feminist movement in Frenchart. The major themes mentioned in the first part, like nomadism, the center-peripheryrelations and the cinema as a space to invent identities, guide the following two partsbased on psychic, geographical and disciplinary displacements. Through the analysis ofthe videographical pieces of twelve artists - Nil Yalter, Regina Vater, Dias & Riedweg,Kutlug Ataman, Fikret Atay, Sener Özmen, Thierry Kuntzel, Rebecca Digne, BriceDellsperger, Wagner Morales, Pierrick Sorin and Rafael França – a thinking on the determination of the identity and the political nature of the intimate is built
Mariette, Audrey. "Le « cinéma social » aux frontières de l'engagement : sociologie d'une catégorie entre art et politique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0076.
Full textThis thesis deals with the social cinema label as it was defined in the second half of the 1990s and in the 2000s by cinema reviewers, researchers in social sciences and militants fighting against the effects of economic liberalism and globalisation. These actors of the mediation and the reception have gathered under this label French films dealing with the working class. Their debates, focussing on the figures of the marginal and of the worker, question the social cinema category, operating as a resource and a restraint into the art worlds. Because defining, criticizing and taking part in social cinema is not obvious, because this undertaking raises the question of the boundaries between art and politics, our analysis integrates the speeches and the practices involved in the making of social films. Indeed, the survey takes into consideration the trajectory of the labelled films, from their production to their reception. Our investigation combines observation and interviews with different people involved in the process of making and defining works of art: producers, directors, actors, technicians, cinema's managers, cinema reviewers, researchers in social sciences, militants and members of the audience. We highlight how the forms of commitment to social films are embodied in some material devices (press articles, books, cinematographic events) which ensure their diffusion, circulation and efficiency into different social fields. This reveals a renewal in the commitment of artists and intellectuals belonging to the Left in a context where the legitimacy of politics and party militantism is being called into question
Polère, Cédric. "Construction locale de l'identité et universalisme en art : une sociologie des arts modernes et contemporains en Grèce." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21009.
Full textIn the field of sociology of art, we have studied Greek art since the 1930's, with an important working of prospecting (since the creation of the Greek state), and taking into account the whole spectrum of Greek art and eventually an extent to social worlds which aren't correlated with Athenians elites (field studies in Thessaloniki - Lamia). Before, in a first theoretical part, we have studied the constellation of believes which determines our way of thinking art, associates the +great art; to very specific places in terms of representations (i. E. The international capitals of art), and implies that we can only think modem Greek art as a derivative one. From an in-depth investigation in Greece, we have studied how micro-local societies are defining art (we are interested in notions used in the characterization of works of art), and, by way of return, how they define themselves thanks to art, that is to say through the reception of the several currents in modern and contemporary Greek art. However, and that is our problematics, the building of local identity process is faced with phenomena, practices, representations questioning the necessary link between local art and local society (+xenokratia; of some elites, emigration of many artists, etc. ) This implied to take into account symbolic conflicts linked to the reception of artistic trends, and more generally connected to the definition of Greek identity through art, with an interaction between societal and political levels. We had to consider how a mechanism of the socialization of art had formed (art galleries, art press, etc. ) Incidentally our work, through empiric studies, suggests the irrelevancy of globalization theories as far as art is concerned
Morenkova, Eléna. "Mémoire et politique. Les représentations du passé soviétique en Russie." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020019/document.
Full textThe present work lays the emphasis on the dialectic relations between memory and politics by studying the processes of construction, negotiation, broadcasting, adoption and reproduction of the representations of the Soviet past in post-Soviet Russia. Based on various and heterogeneous sources conveying the images of the Soviet past, this work throws light upon the reasons and the mechanisms of the evolution of collective memory in the Soviet past as well as its political and social role. This work argues that the memory of the Soviet past played an important role in symbolically legitimating Boris Yeltsin's and Vladimir Putin's regimes as well as in forging post-Soviet identity, while strengthening the gradual shift toward an authoritarian regime. Despite numerous oppositions between the successive political regimes, making a political use of the past is an enduring tradition, the Soviet past remaining a major issue for those in office in Russia. Both in the late Soviet era and the early years 2000, the national past was entirely reinterpreted and reconstructed. However the collective memory of the Soviet past is also a binding framework restricting the institutional choices and the political decisions of political actors. Since collective memory is the expression of political, economic and social references, it produces path dependency effects, thereby fostering the reproduction of political, economic and social frameworks deep-rooted in the Soviet past
Labrecque, Simon. "Micropolitique et performativité : les pratiques d'art action comme pratiques politiques, dans la ville de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26465/26465.pdf.
Full textFacuse, Marisol. "Utopies sur scènes : le monde de l'œuvre de la Compagnie Jolie môme." Grenoble 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE39017.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to reflect on the singularity of contemporary practices of militant art. Recognized as expressions of engaged art, protest art or militant art, these artistic practices lie at the intersection of the esthetic and political spheres, confronting the boundaries of these areas of social life. Specifically, I am here interested in the domains of theatre and of political song, as exemplified by the ethnography of the artistic practices of theatre company "Compagnie Jolie Môme", which for 25 years has engaged in theatrical forms of intervention at the heart of today's social struggles. The methodological framework is rooted in the notion of an "art world", due to H. S. Becker, favouring a detailed and long-term study of the artistic practices of Compagnie Jolie Môme, through participative observation, interviews and work on their archives. One of the main conclusions concerns the social function of these artistic/militant works, which will be associated with utopia and collective memory. The artistic works of militant song and theatre re-symbolize in their own language the political action and its discourse, by appealing to the collective imaginary of the public. These works thus become a source of a utopian imaginary through the stories that feature social hope and a popular memory of struggles
Lachaud, Céline. "Wajdi Mouawad : un théâtre politique ?" Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1007/document.
Full textWajdi Mouawad is a Lebanese - born Canadian playwright turned actor who refuses the label of political playwright. And yet, his work reflects political theatre by the themes he chooses and by his refusal to make compromises in his art. Mouawad is someone who likes to speak up even if it means making enemies in the press, in the public opinion, in the world of theatre, and also in the world of politics. Despite the fact that he refuses to be labelled à political playwright, in this thesis, my aim is to study to what degree his art resembles political theatre, a genre that needs to be redefined. In addition, I will examine the message his plays relay and the reasons of his distrust towards this genre that doesn't seem to appeal to many a contemporary writer
Cointet, Laurette. "Le spectre soviétique dans la politique des nationalités de la République Populaire de Chine : de la représentation des "autres" à la réalisation d'une identité chinoise (Zhonghua)." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_cointet_l.pdf.
Full textThe fact that the PRC nationality policy has been influenced by the Soviet policy is well known and indeed various historic facts reveal different aspects of the influence, a direct, indirect, deliberate and developed or undergone influence. However, the speech of the "Chinese particularism" that appeared in the middle of 1980s implies not only the general policy of the CCP but also the nationality policy. Therefore we can wonder how the CCP in its discourse manage with this influence. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a lot of scholars in the PRC have been researching on nationalities attempting answer to the question of how China, as a "multiethnic socialist State", can avoid the same future as the Soviet Union ? The post-Soviet intellectual reflections in the PRC give us several elements to understand tendencies and concepts developed in PRC nationality policy since the faIl of the USSR and this, till the beginning of 2000s
Rousselot, Hélène. "Construction du secteur des hydrocarbures et évolution politique au Kazakhstan et Turkménistan : indigénisation et rente 1919-2002." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0068.
Full textThis thesis first and foremost studies the building up of the hydrocarbon sector since the birth o oil and gas industries in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. The late 1950's and the three following decades (1960, 1970 and 1980) are crucial for the development of hydrocarbon production and institutionalization of the branch in both Republics. The study of financial flows between the Center and the two Soviet Social Republics on one hand, and from the institutions of this sector on the other hand, alter the traditional image of these SSR's that are usually perceived as mere hydrocarbon suppliers for the Soviet economy. The reinforcement of local institutions and the unfolding of republican initiatives taken in the hydrocarbon branch led to an indigenization of the structures of production and decision. The further indigenization of the oil sector in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan's « currency supplying » cotton production illustrate the diverging economic course of these two countries in the context of a greater globalization of their exchange since 1991. Despite the weakness of their political institutions, these two states, however their differences, display an outstanding stability until 2002, which was supported by hydrocarbon exportations. The building up of the hydrocarbon sector, which is still in progress, so far resulted in the creation of the national company KazMunajGaz in 2002 in Kazakhstan, whereas Turkmenistan has not initiated such a project so far
Vigneau, Sarah. "L'éveil du Spoutnik : la réaction du Congrès américain au lancement du satellite soviétique, 1957-1958." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36683.
Full textVelasquez, Angel Ana Milena. "Le jeu du clown dans la Colombie contemporaine : la renaissance du clown, un acteur social et politique et le rire du spectateur de résistance et de liberté." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030005/document.
Full textClown acting in contemporary Colombia is developing. Even though the figure of clowns has always being present in society, regardless of its forms through history, we are now witnessing the rebirth of the art of clowning in Colombia in the last decade. The art of clowning becomes an enhancement possibility of comic and poetic language of the artist in the current Colombian society, conferring the clown actor a social and political role, and allowing the spectator to live a form of resistance and freedom from their daily violent reality.The historical perspective of the circus as modern artistic language allows understanding how the clown is built up and developed through the XIX and XX centuries until the point of becoming an independent art with its foray into theater and theater schools. This perspective aims to provide the theoretical foundations of the birth and evolution of the circus and the clown in the circus since the time of pre-Hispanic America until contemporary Colombia. The historical perspective points out that the existence of comic and clownesque characters in the Pre-Columbian culture and during the colonization era can be recorded even before the clowns’ arrival to the modern circus after the XVIII century. The history of Latin America popular celebrations and the itinerant and comic characters are developed at the same time as the spectacular religious forms of the Spanish ideology. The European and American circuses arrived amid an atmosphere of resistance and, later, of independence. The history of the circus in Latin America begins to be written.The Latin American economic model, the recent cultural industry and the lack of schools for circus training mark the circus evolution as a social institution which, through its discipline and techniques, looks to form young people and children that are in violence situations. On the other hand, the theater is subjected to divisions between tradition and the emergence of modern ideologies on actor’s training until the consolidation of the artistic method of collective creation. The traditional circus clown becomes a kind of stereotype with the clownesque duos on T.V., the clowns in the streets and restaurants, and the beggars dressed up as clowns.This study approaches the semiotic elements of the new clowns’ figure as an independent art encouraged by French Jacques Lecoq’s pedagogy, spread all around the world with an important impact in Latin America, where this pedagogy meets the collective creation based on improvisation. It arrives through international theater festivals, where artists and spectators have access to the panorama of the clown art around the world, by means of courses and shows renewing the clown’s marginalization phenomenon through an artistic and social status change. The established practice of collective creation, the collective work and the involvement of theater in social and political transformation of the country, meet the language of the new clowns to give shape to absolutely strong and original collective clownesque creations.We will focus on the function performed by the contemporary clowns in the current Colombian society resulting from a large period of crisis marked by confrontations and successive waves of violence. Humor, as a particular feature of the culture and becoming an unquestionable way of facing a painful reality, meets the clown, who makes possible to recover the sacred value of the shaman, bobo, buffoons and mad characters of history. Thus, recognizing the foray of clown language into different fields (the hospital, the humanitarian and the social ones) in Colombia, it is possible to accept that the spectator lives a form of freedom through the communication established with the clown in the laughing
Silva, Liliana Coutinho Da. "Pour un discours sensible sur la capacité cognitive du corps dans l'expérience de l'art." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010570.
Full textMaclennan-Slaby, Alexandra. "L'état et la culture en Irlande : 1922-2002." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN1390.
Full textMartins, Alcidio. "Le mouvement migratoire des "Russophones" en Israël depuis l'implosion soviétique : un enjeu diplomatique, un nouvel acteur politique, socio-économique et culturel ?" Paris, INALCO, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INAL0025.
Full textOne of the major consequences of the collapse of the communist bloc is the emigration of several million people from the former Soviet Union. Israel, with a favourable migration policy for Jewish descendants and their families, welcomes nearly one million of them. Fleeing economic stagnation, ethnic conflicts and anti-Semitism, these immigrants arrive in Israel en masse in a relatively short period of time provoking a "demographic shock". More than twenty years after the beginning of the arrival of these immigrants, this thesis provides an analysis of their integration and a critical study of the choices made by the Israeli leadership that reflect the political, economic and socio-cultural upheavals. Whether at the national or international level, the effects of such a migratory wave continues to be felt fundamentally changing the country and its relationship with other nations and its role in world politics
Nel, Elodie. "Robert Caby et l'attraction surréaliste : la question du pouvoir libérateur de la musique." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EVRY0018.
Full textRobert Caby (1905-1992), the French composer, art critic, drawer and poet, and author of nearly 900 scores, has not until now been the object of any formal study. Few musicians were as interested as he with the Surrealists. He never joined the group, however, and always staunchly maintained his independence. The present study aims to show that the primary idea he derived from the Surrealist movement was that of an approach to music rooted in the concept of liberty. This is manifest in his independence, his research into the liberating effects of music, his refusal to be bound to a single artistic medium, and his heterogeneous perspective of musical works. After expounding Robert Caby’s relationship with the Surrealists, this study reveals other points of interest that illustrate his independence: his militant political activism, his admiration for Satie, and his fascination with radiophonic art and cinema. The notion of the liberating effects of music is omnipresent in his writings, whether they focus on the role of music in revolutionary action, music’s oneiric power when set to aid images, or on burlesque music. Two of his experimental works – the ballet based around a motif from Prévert (1932), and the radiophonic piece, L’Objet aimé (1950), inspired by a text by Jarry – bear witness to a combination of aspects of Surrealist thought. The question of music as a liberating force marks Robert Caby as an artist who defies classification, at odds with the serialist composers of the post-war period. By establishing a link between the artist’s independence and his relative obscurity, this study calls back into question the way in which the history of music is written
Gee, Gabriel. "La création et ses formes dans le contexte socio-politique de la Grande-Bretagne : les scènes artistiques dans le Nord de l'Angleterre des années 1980 au début du 21e siècle." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100132.
Full textThis research focuses on the art scenes in the cities of the North of England from the late seventies and the election of Margaret Thatcher at the head of the British government to the beginning of the 215` century. The production, exhibition, and reception of contemporary arts in Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Newcastle-upon-Tyne are studied in relation to the socio-political context of the time. These Northem cities have witnessed the progressive demise of their traditional economies based on manufacture and various industriel activities. The politics of Thatcherism during the 1980s increased the tensions in between north and south, the capital London and the provinces. During the 1990s, economic regeneration strategies involving arts and particularly contemporary visual arts have prevailed in the reconstructions of the urban, the economic, and identities in the North of England. This study looks at the development of the arts during the period in relation to this context of major social and economic transformations, considering the consequences in tenus of infrastructures, institutional policies of art exhibition, as well as oppositions, resistance, and more generally the interaction that connects the artists, artists practices, to the cultural policies, the evolution of the environment, of regional, national, and global economies, and the evolutions of British society locally and nationaley
Colin, Marie-Hélène. "Les saints lorrains : entre religion et identité régionale : fin XVIe - fin XIXe siècle." Nancy 2, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc372/2006NAN21018.pdf.
Full textThe worship of saints goes well beyond the context of the history of religions but also encompasses elements pertaining to the history of politics, mentalities, representations and language. That of saints from the Lorraine region evolves according to three distinct periods from the 17th till the 19th century. First, a revival by the end of the 16th c. , with the taking place of an appropriate iconography, speech and liturgy. Second, starting from the 17th c. , the saint becomes of strategic interest for the power between bishops and dukes of Lorraine. Third, from the 19th c. , one attends another "revival" with the Restoration period. That revival basically follows two events : the growing up of a regional "romanticism" and the will by the Church of extending its roots within the local environment. All this becomes all the more obvious when the worship of the saints of Lorraine is reinvested in the second half of the 19th c. As a result of the development of the lotharingism. The study of the rites and the holy space shows an assimilation of the saints of Lorraine by the people, which denotes the key place of those. The role of the saints may even exceed the geographical limits of the region (e. G. Jeanne d'Arc), remains regional (saint Nicolas, saint Barbe) or entierely local, as for the majority of the saints
Hermann, Isabelle. "Green Power ! : l'art écologique a-t-il un impact social mesurable? : formulations plastiques et militantes, des années 1960 à 1986." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010569.
Full textIn the economic, social and political environments of the 1960s, themass media evolution led photography and television reports to take over the representation of nature and landscape. Until then, the illustration of nature and landscape had been the preserve of artists. The new trend was to move away from the idyllic representation of the natural world in order to reveal nature as it really is, alive and fragile, a nature in which man plays an integral role while also posing a threat to its integrity.Landscapes started to feature ecological disasters such as: decimated forests, clouds of dioxin billowing from chemical reactors, oil spills in the sea or also cement work, – in essence, familiar images that strike the imagination. Such representation of landscape was in itself a challenge. Concepts connected to the idea of nature, such as a global climate, pollution, scale effect, and long term impact, introduced an element of immateriality.Various strategies to create visual and plastic representations were initiated across the world; a number of artists renewed their approach to nature. They envisaged it in its physical and biological processes, and addressed it as a series of ecosystems and locations that need to be rehabilitated. Concrete actions in the public sphere have sometimes produced significant results: photos, objects, performances, environments, as well as draft communiqués, declarations, manifestos, open letters and the participation in associations or political parties.The presentation of the body of plastic formulation and/or militant acts raises the issue of their impact. Do they represent the renewal of the social role of the artist, or are they just an utopian vision? How do their authors envisage them? Are their effects measurable? Can it be the subject of environmental studies? What methodology to use? And what are its limitations ?
Couton, Valérie. "L'art contemporain amérindien au Canada : essai d'analyse d'un mouvement artistique." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/couton_v.
Full textLe, Coq Sophie. "Les raisons d'artistes : essai d'anthroposociologie sur la singularité artistique." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20041.
Full textThe issue at stake in a sociological reflection about art consists in thinking the rciprocity between art and society with lapsing neither into formalism nor into a reduction of art to social contexts. Both critical and interactionnist sociologies meet that requirement but evade the artistic singularity and maintain the register of belief as the ultimate explanation of the artistic presence. Our sociological analysis of what originates in the constitution of artist's social environments in Rennes is based on a broader anthropological perspective : the theory of mediation. If the artistic presence hassles sociological analyses, escapes social categories and produces a paradox owing to its democratic administration, it is because, under its singularity irreductible to a generality, it concentrates the divergence part of the dialectic of social exchanges in social life. Artists claim to contribute to the social body by taking care of a social activity generally known as creation. The latter has nothing magical and is not exclusive to artistes (except for how it is taken care of) but is the product of some work whose finality aims at the efficiency of elaborating an endocentric production. The artistic production is not on the margin of a sociological analysis but, as styles, is the crux of social distinctions between artists. If styles let art be seen through the plurality of its social expressions, this does not lead to art being reduced to social life. The transmission of artistic production confronts artists with the " arbitrarité "of exchanges, particularly because the expose themselves to its reprocessing by receivers. The realization of the endocentric world results from a coproduction between artists and receivers. Artists claim the paternity of this production and the transmission of this realization contributes to the creation of social worlds
Freytag, Sylvie. "Art et politique en Autriche : l'impact des oeuvres d'Alfred Hrdlicka, de Friedenreich Hundertwasser, de Günter Brus et de Valie Export sur l'Autriche de la Seconde République." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC007/document.
Full textThe research relates to the relation between the political actors and subversive art and their respective position on dominant themes such as anti-Semitism, the denial of the Nazi past, the status of women, ecology. From existing theories on relations between engaged art and politics, it is a question of studying the works of art of four artists representative on both policy statements and newer technologies through history from 1945 up to now, in the Second Republic of Austria : the sculptor Alfred Hrdlicka, the painter and architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser, the Viennese actionist Günter Brus, the feminist Valie Export. Each one, in his own way, shakes up the established order through his aggressive art and writings. The aim is to specify the type and level of protest of these artists and to assess to what extent they have participated in the democratic debate and modernisation within Austrian society as well as in the identity building of Austria after 1945
Nascimento, Fialho Ana Letícia do. "L'insertion international de l'art brésilien : une analyse de la présence et de la visibilité de l'art brésilien dans les institutions et dans le marché." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0053.
Full textGlobalization represents at the same time a chanllenge and an opportunity for less developed contries in many sectors, the art among others. In Brazil, to participate in the "international" art scene is presently a major goal for agents and institutions belonging to the national contemporary art world. But, in fact, what is the place of Brazilian visual art production in the international art markert and institutions ? What are the conditions and the advantages of acess to international recognition, in symbolic and economic terms ? Those are some of the questions we raise in this thesis, presented in three parts. In the first part we challenge the idea of the "new map of the arts", wich the globalization process would had made suposelly more diverse and democratic. Our work argus that art work from "peripheral" zones access to more central art scenes according a market logic : the need to renew the offer of cultural goods. What is presented as the "democratization" of the internationl art word is in fact the answer to the demand of new goods by different "markets" : institutional, academic, commercial. The second and the third parts of this work present the results of a large empirical research about the international insertion of Brazialian art in the international institutions and in the market, confirming the general hypothesis developed in the first part
Béhague, Emmanuel. "L'Ecriture dramatique contemporaine allemande et la question de l'ancrage dans la réalité : Possibilité et modalités d'un théâtre politique après la réunification." Strasbourg 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR20040.
Full textThe study undertaken here aims at analyzing the impact of contemporary reality on German drama in the 1990s (or last decade of the 20th century). The emergence of a new political, social and economic context caused by reunification called for a theatre that allows critical discourse on the radical changes throughout society. The fundamental question is thus whether writers of drama respond to these expectations and which aesthetic means are used. Can political theatre still be effectively used at times of general defiance towards the great theories of explaining the world ? The dramatic texts are examined both by investigating the influence of the socio-economic and political conditions- in particular within the German theatrical setting- at times of their publication as well as by looking at the textual autonomy in the sense of the double dimension that T. W. Adorno attributes to a piece of art. Through the examination of a representative number of dramatic productions of this period while discussing whether traditional definitions of the political theatre are still valid, it is possible to extort three critical positions within drama with regard to reality ; three modalities of the political dimension within dramatic literature. Drawing upon the tradition of the forms of realism, the first modality is denoted here as THEATRE DE MONSTRATION. The next one distinguishes itself learly through the integration of a historical dimension which dramatizes the personal experience of an individual deeply rooted in his historical context. Finally, a third form can be distinguished and is characterized by a far more radical notion of "reality" as well as the perception thereof which leads to questioning the traditional forms of dramatic texts
Mihail, Benoît. "Le "Néo-Flamand" en France: un passé régional retrouvé et réinventé sous la Troisième République." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211363.
Full textHoulstan-Hasaerts, Rafaella. "Le tournant esthétique de la participation urbaine à l'épreuve de la société civile: Une recherche en terrains bruxellois." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/283956.
Full textThis thesis is about the connections between aesthetics and politics in urban participation and, more particularly, about the political promises of an urban participation that seemingly gives priority to expression, figuration, imagination and creation as well to the embodied, sensitive, attached, affective and emotional dimensions of our relations to the city. It would therefore seem that ‘aesthetic’ engagements and interests can promote empowerment and emancipation; democratic inclusion and the symmetrization of power; renewed ways of living together and creating collectively. Such promises are at the heart of what I propose to call an aesthetic turn of institutional urban participation, i.e. the passage from a deliberative conception of participation, conceived following the model of the “forum”, to an aesthetic conception of participation, conceived following the model of the “workshop”. And yet critical voices are already being raised. Some underline the risk of depoliticization that accompanies the aestheticization of urban participation and experience. Others, by contrast, emphasize the risk that aesthetics will be subordinated to democratic consensus and to ethics, at the expense of urban quality and of creative autonomy. Some highlight less the politico-aesthetic connection than external factors liable to jeopardize it. At issue, the usual suspects: the institutional framework and capitalism. The objective of this thesis is to take these critiques seriously without losing sight of the political demands of a participation in which the qualitative part of our urban experience would find a place. The proposal made here to achieve this objective is to decentre the gaze by not taking a direct interest in institutional mechanisms of participation. My first hypothesis, of a rather factual nature, posits that the political promises of the aesthetic turn of urban participation exceed its institutional facet, that they find their source in, among other things, mobilizations and initiatives taken by citizens, activists, engaged creators who, since the urban struggles of the 1960s, have marked the history of urban production. This hypothesis has “genealogical” implications, insofar as it encourages a rereading of the history of urban institutional participation not only in the context of its “aestheticization” but also by highlighting the at times direct relations between this aestheticization and participatory dynamics emanating from social movements and the counterculture. The second hypothesis is of a rather normative nature and has both evaluative and prospective implications. It posits that it is within the mobilizations and initiatives of civil society that the promises which also come with the aesthetic turn of institutional urban participation were best embodied, and that these provide levers of resistance against the critiques of which it is the target. Lastly, placed back to back, the two hypotheses invite us to question the extent to which the institutions have welcomed these attempts. Measuring the distances between these moments of live politics and their potential percolations to ulterior participatory dynamics makes it possible to understand how we inherited these mobilizations and initiatives from civil society and, possibly, how we could better inherit them.
Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Architecture)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Liang, Zong. "Le théâtre à Taiwan : structures et fonctionnement (1980-1990)." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100140.
Full textThe first part of this study introduces the public organs and the national institutes in charge of culture as well as their function then through a comprehensive view of the establishments involved in theatre from the schools the universities to the self-reliant theatre companies, and the private performance agencies we get a general idea of the evolution of theatre during the decade 1980-1990 the second part analyzes the difficulties the theatre has to cope with while competing with other types of stage performances. The results of the survey conducted towards the students in dramatic art reveal what those students are planning to do and the outcome of the teaching of dramatic art. The third part mainly deals with carrying out of the cultural governmental policy. The working out of some arts centers and the subsidiary policy shows up the weak points of this policy. But the promises made by sponsors and the setting up in the next future of the ministry of culture will open up new prospect to the theatre
Lorenzi, Marie-Emilie. "Activisme rose : cultures et arts féministes queer en France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010578/document.
Full textThe term queer, when used in the French language, does not echo the same way as in English –then referring to the anglo-saxon context of emergence. The main purpose of this study is to question the phenomena of cultural transfers of queer feminism – which appeared in the mid 1980s in the United States as both a subculture and a movement of critical thinking and activism- into the French context. This cultural translation resulted in pink activism which unlike its anglo saxon original model developed a policy based on strong identity affirmation, on both a collective and individual level. The goal was to beat the French integration system deeply imbued with republican ideals, where the drifts of an abstract universalism had produced blindness towards inequalities therefore the central issue investigated in this research is how this pink activism arose in a French context of opposition to identity-based politics.Moreover, the phenomena of reception and appropriation of queer feminism into the French context must be understood beyond the sole linguistic translation – in all their dimensions, cultural political, theoritical, artistic, etc. This study aims to understand the special features of this activism, from its sometimes uneasy integration among feminist and LGBT movements to its specific applications in terms of cultural and artistic practices, thus questioning the phenomenon of aestheticism of resistance techniques