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ALLAIS, CATERINA. "Il linguaggio dei blogs artistici." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10795.
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In questo studio si analizza il linguaggio utilizzato nei blog che si occupano di storia dell'arte, genere diffuso online, tramite un corpus di 54 blogs pubblicati nel 2013. Nell'ambito della linguistica dei corpora, l'analisi permette di ridefinire le tradizionali categorie utilizzate per descrivere i blog, fornisce una descrizione tipologica dei post e dei commenti tramite l'utilizzo di un apposito software, oltre a descrivere il livello di specializzazione del linguaggio. Vengono infine riportati esempi di creatività linguistica in questo genere digitale.<br>This study analyses the language of “art blogs”, i.e. blogs dealing with art, through a specialised corpus of fifty-four blogs published during 2013. Both posts and comments are included in the present investigation into the linguistic character of art blogs. The methodological choices reflect the need for a multifaceted analysis which covers different aspects, from text typology to linguistic creativity and popularisation.
A review of the relevant literature on blogs brings to light the need for a specific characterisation of art blogs, since they tend to have a blended style, which cannot be ascribed to the traditional categories of personal and thematic blogging. The distinctive features of posts and comments are then investigated through a multidimensional analysis which reveals that posts and comments are two different text types. Successively, the corpus is compared to a specialised corpus of art announcements, within the field of popularised and specialised discourse. Finally, several examples of linguistic creativity are explored and presented, thus showing that traditional descriptive paradigms are unsuited to analyse the outcomes of art bloggers.
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ALLAIS, CATERINA. "Il linguaggio dei blogs artistici." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10795.
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In questo studio si analizza il linguaggio utilizzato nei blog che si occupano di storia dell'arte, genere diffuso online, tramite un corpus di 54 blogs pubblicati nel 2013. Nell'ambito della linguistica dei corpora, l'analisi permette di ridefinire le tradizionali categorie utilizzate per descrivere i blog, fornisce una descrizione tipologica dei post e dei commenti tramite l'utilizzo di un apposito software, oltre a descrivere il livello di specializzazione del linguaggio. Vengono infine riportati esempi di creatività linguistica in questo genere digitale.<br>This study analyses the language of “art blogs”, i.e. blogs dealing with art, through a specialised corpus of fifty-four blogs published during 2013. Both posts and comments are included in the present investigation into the linguistic character of art blogs. The methodological choices reflect the need for a multifaceted analysis which covers different aspects, from text typology to linguistic creativity and popularisation.
A review of the relevant literature on blogs brings to light the need for a specific characterisation of art blogs, since they tend to have a blended style, which cannot be ascribed to the traditional categories of personal and thematic blogging. The distinctive features of posts and comments are then investigated through a multidimensional analysis which reveals that posts and comments are two different text types. Successively, the corpus is compared to a specialised corpus of art announcements, within the field of popularised and specialised discourse. Finally, several examples of linguistic creativity are explored and presented, thus showing that traditional descriptive paradigms are unsuited to analyse the outcomes of art bloggers.
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Bzura, Katherine. "I'm Not Who I Was Then, Now: Performing Identity in Girl Cams and Blogs." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001995.
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Brand, Maria. "Footprints among Folders, Blogs and Clouds - A Study of how Four Art Teachers Work with Portfolios and Portfolio Methodical Elements." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-31094.
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I denna undersökning avser jag att få en djupare förståelse för verksamma bildlärares upplägg, intentioner och upplevelser av att arbetar med portföljer och portföljmetodiskadelmoment i bildundervisningen. Anledningen till att jag vill undersöka detta är en följd av de åtskilliga rapporter och utvärderingar som visar på de problem och utmaningar som bildämnet står inför. Exempelvis har det framkommit att det generellt brister i främjandet av processfrämjande arbetsprocesser, utvecklandet av elevers förmåga till självvärdering, och den minskande undervisningstiden och bedömningsproblematiken. I och med den avsiktliga implementeringen av både produkt och processorienterade kriterier i bildämnets kursplan Lgr11, i kombination med det ökade kravet på lärare att föra dokumentation och en likvärdig och rättsäker bedömningspraxis, behöver man som bildlärare finna strategier och arbetssätt för att hantera alla dessa aspekter. På så sätt framgår portföljmetodik som ett arbetssätt och bedömningsform som har potentialen att bemöta dessa behov och problem, och därav intresset för hur verksamma bildlärare med hjälp av portföljer hanterar dessa utmaningar. För att uppnå syftet med undersökningen valde jag att genomföra fyra kvalitativt utformade intervjuer med bildlärare som arbetar på högstadiet och med portföljer. Resultatet visar på att samtliga av de intervjuade bildlärarna arbetar med portföljer i två olika former: en analoga och digital variant av portfölj. De materiella resurser, förutsättningar och förhållningsramar som skolan och bildlärarna hade tillgång till påverkade portföljernas utformning och tilläpmning, vilket visar på att man kan utarbeta portföljer och portföljmetodiska delmoment på olika sätt, men ha samma mål. Generellt var användande av olika portföljmetodiska delmoment lågt, varav skälet var bristen på tid, då bildlärarna fick prioritera olika moment. Det främsta skälet till att arbeta med portföljerna var att kunna samla in underlag för bedömning, och övriga positiva effekter blev en eftertanke. Det visade sig även att många av respondenterna var måna om att främja både process och produktorienterande moment i bildundervisningen, vilket kan möjligtvis visa på kursplanens utformning kan ha inverkat på främjandet av processorienterande arbetssätt inom bildämnet.
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Rutily, Aline. "Tapis-jardin. Migration, mutation, transculturalité : entre Orient et Europe, arts visuels et littérature." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010654.
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Notre thèse s'articule autour de trois notions : la migration, la mutation, la transculturalité. Ces notions sont analysées à partir d'un corpus d'œuvres personnelles réalisées entre 1992 à 2011, autour d'un thème commun: le Tapis-Jardin. Ces notions permettent de confronter une démarche artistique aux prises avec des déplacements et des territoires d'enfance, en relation avec un espace de références articulant les arts du tapis et du jardin, aux champs de la littérature et des arts visuels. Les problématiques sont liées à des évolutions de pratiques au sein du thème récurrent, d'installations in situ, puis des Carnets de chemins, de carnets virtuels, d'installations in process, jusqu'à la notion d' « installation virtuelle» en ligne. Les questionnements portent également sur des expériences pédagogiques réalisées sur le même sujet. Les dialectiques entre l'ancrage et le déplacement, entre le réseau et le territoire permettent de fonder une démarche de « paysage migrant», de « paysage mutant» et d'une transculturalité construite à partir du Tapis-Jardin comme pluralité de cultures au croisement des singularités
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Zhang, Alice Jin. "Excavation Sites: Art-ifacts of the Millennial Girl Web Development and Blogging Community of the 2000's to the Early 2010's." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1238.
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When people go online and leave their mark in bytes, how do their traces get preserved, shared, or lost?
In the early 2000’s through about 2012, communities of millennial girl web developers and bloggers flourished on the English-speaking Internet. They would write about their intimate lives, code their website designs from scratch, create portfolios of graphics, and forge friendships with fellow bloggers that lasted through years. Most of these blogs are now gone; only patches remain as screenshots on the Internet Archive Wayback Machine.
For my senior project, I explored how techniques used in glitch art, normally used for destroying image files for purely aesthetic effects, could also be used to embed texts that could be read by humans inside digital photos. I excavated photos and self-portraits of individual bloggers whose old content has since been erased from their original domains as of 2018. Then, I overrode pieces of each image file with the respective bloggers’ journal entries extracted from https://web.archive.org. The result is a picture irreversibly corroded by the loss of its original data, akin to the state of their bloggers' archived websites. It still functions like any image file in that the picture can be copied, shared, and viewed on another computer. However, unlike a typical image file, it also hides a patchwork of legible English text; one can “dig” into the image’s encoding and uncover nuggets of letters from a past Internet presence--specifically, that of a millennial girl's thoughts on identity, life, and the joys and struggles of coding and managing her own website.
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Uline-Olmstead, Molly Louise. "THE KNITTED FLOWER PROJECT: ARTS-BASED RESEARCH WITHIN KNITTING COMMUNITIES." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1245270376.
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Stephens, Michael. "Modeling the role of blogging in librarianship." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3915/.
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This phenomenological study examines the motivations and experiences of librarians who author professionally-focused Weblogs. I constructed a model of librarianship based on Wilson and Buckland. The results show a close fit between librarian bloggers and the ideals of the field as expressed by two primary library and information science philosophers. A Web survey generated 239 responses to demographic and open-ended questions. Using the results of the survey, I analyzed demographic data and performed a phenomenological analysis of the open-ended questions. A list of category responses was generated from each set of answers via the coding of descriptive words and phrases. Results indicated the motivations of librarian bloggers are based around themes of sharing, participation in community, and enhanced professional development. Respondents reported feeling more connected to the profession and to colleagues across the world because of blogging. Respondents perceived the librarian blogosphere as a community with both positive aspects - feedback, discussion, and support - and negative aspects - insular voices, divides between technologists and librarians, and generational rifts. Respondents also reported an increased ability to keep current, improved writing skills, and opportunities to speak and contribute to professional journals.
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Greville-Harris, Maddy. "What are people's experiences of orthorexia nervosa, as described in online blogs?" Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34338.
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Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is the term for a proposed new eating disorder, used to describe a pathological obsession with healthy or ‘clean’ eating. For individuals with ON, the obsession with eating ‘healthy’ foods, and the elimination of foods considered ‘unhealthy’ or ‘impure’, results in impairment to social, physical, occupational and/or other areas of functioning. Whilst there is still debate as to whether ON describes a distinct eating disorder, and there is no consensus around diagnostic criteria as yet, ON is an emerging topic for research, with more cases coming to light both clinically, and in the media. Although some quantitative research has been carried out in ON, particularly focusing on the measurement and prevalence rates of this proposed disorder, no qualitative studies have been published to date to explore individuals’ personal experiences of ON. Thus, for this project, 40 pre-existing blog entries describing first-person experiences of ON from fifteen women bloggers were analysed using thematic analysis. Five key themes were identified: 1) confusion around diagnosis, 2) initial motivations for a healthier lifestyle, 3) fuelling the problem- social influences, 4) when healthy becomes unhealthy ..., and 5) avoidance, isolation and compensation. The clinical implications of these findings were explored, particularly focusing on the social context of ON, diagnostic crossover between ON and other eating disorders, and the role of fear, perfectionism and perceived control. Whilst the debate around the diagnosis of ON continues, these bloggers’ accounts suggest that ON is experienced as a legitimate and debilitating disorder, worthy of clinical and research investigation in its own right.
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Buranaburivast, Vorapoj. "Applying social capital to electronic networks of practice : blog communities." UWA Business School, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0209.
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Blogging is a recent phenomenon with research currently focusing on how it facilitates both personal and organisational knowledge exchange (Aimeur, Brassard & Paquet 2005; Hsu & Lin 2008). Social capital is shown to be a crucial factor facilitating knowledge transfer (Nahapiet and Ghoshal 1998). Blogging is a new social communication technology enabling individuals to collaborate and share knowledge. This research investigates how three dimensions of social capital affect individual knowledge sharing in weblog communities. In particular, it explores how individuals exploit weblogs as a tool for conversational knowledge management in educational institutions. Following Wasko & Faraj's (2005) study, the conceptual model is developed by setting eight independent variables from social capital dimensions and a dependent variable is set from individual behaviour in online knowledge sharing. Eight hypotheses are developed to test the relationship between these variables. A quantitative approach was applied for data collection and analysis. For data collection, an online survey was published in several Australian university weblog communities. An additional paper-based survey was distributed to the respondents in order to gain adequate sample size. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to eliminate measurement items that shared a significant residual value with other measurement items. Further, the models obtained from confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the hypotheses by multiple regression analysis. Results from multiple regression analysis on online knowledge sharing suggest that trust, personal reputation and enjoy helping are positively associated with individual online knowledge sharing. The stepwise estimation procedure was further adapted in the regression model. The results show that four independent variables became significant to the study. These four significant variables were individual expertise, trust, personal reputation and enjoy helping. Lastly, several limitations in this study such as the sample of university online setting and respondents' activities on weblogs are discussed. These limitations lead to the direction of future research provided in conclusion of this study.
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Chuenchom, Sutthinan. "User-Centered Evaluation of the Quality of Blogs." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84188/.
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Blogs serve multiple purposes, resulting in several types of blogs that vary greatly in terms of quality and content. It is important to evaluate the quality of blogs, which requires appropriate evaluation criteria. Unfortunately, there are minimal studies on framework and the specific criteria and indicators for evaluating the quality of blogs. Moreover, quality is related to user perception, and should therefore be evaluated by the receivers. This dissertation examines the criteria and indicators that blog users consider important for evaluating the quality of blogs, and develops a user-centered framework for evaluating quality by conducting user surveys and post-survey email interviews. The personal characteristics that affect the users’ choices of criteria to evaluate the quality of blogs are examined as well. The study’s findings include 1) the criteria that users consider important when evaluating the quality of blogs are content quality, usability, authority, and blog credibility; 2) the indicators that blog users consider most important for evaluating the quality of blogs are understandability, accuracy, believability, currency, ease of use, and navigation; and 3) gender, education level, age, profession, purpose of use, and specific interests affect the user’s choices of criteria for evaluating the quality of blogs. Future research may involve exploring and applying the framework developed in this study to build automatic quality blog identification system for the purpose of assisting web users and information specialists to identify quality blogs.
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Strom, Yuri A. "The Art Material Girl--A Guide to Save and Find Funding for Art Materials." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/66.
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The current economic situation in the U.S. has demanded budget cuts in all areas of American life, including education. Faced with these unprecedented cuts, many arts programs are losing their funding. Many art educators are finding it a challenge to provide art education without compromising the quality of the curriculum and program. Through a comparative analysis of materials and fundraisers and a document analysis of money saving tips, strategies are suggested for art teachers to save and find money.
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Lessard, Bianca. "Perspectives d'avenir de la chaîne de blocs au sein du marché de l'art : renouveler la confiance par la décentralisation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67321.
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Thèse en cotutelle : Université Laval, Québec, Canada et Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.<br>Ce mémoire vise à élucider les principaux enjeux et problématiques qui caractérisent le marché de l’art actuel pour pouvoir ensuite présenter et évaluer des pistes de solutions émanant de la technologie de chaîne de blocs. Ce marché est effectivement aux prises avec certaines difficultés d’authenticité et d’authentification des œuvres d’art : on parle même d’une crise de l’expertise en authentification. Il est aussi question d'adversités dans l’établissement et la preuve de provenance des œuvres qui y circulent, car le marché repose sur un équilibre fragile et semble ne pas avoir su prendre le virage numérique à temps. Enfin, on relate aussi un manque de transparence dû au désir de confidentialité et de secret qui règne autant chez les marchands d’arts que chez les collectionneurs. Le développement croissant des technologies décentralisées a permis des avancées dans plusieurs secteurs au cours des dernières années, et il appert qu’elles pourraient potentiellement agir à titre de pilier au sein du marché de l’art par leurs caractéristiques d’immuabilité, de distribution et de transparence. Nous pourrons de ce fait constater l’utilité des registres distribués, des contrats intelligents et de la tokénisation pour pallier les problématiques observées. Il demeure toutefois que l’adoption générale de la chaîne de blocs dans un marché si séculaire n’est pas sans limites. Il conviendra alors d’étudier les obstacles que cette nouvelle technologie devra surmonter pour pouvoir garantir l’authenticité et la provenance des œuvres, de même qu’une transparence accrue sur le marché de l’art. Enfin, dans le but d’assurer une adoption équilibrée et profitable à long terme, il sera primordial de prendre compte des intérêts des divers intervenants impliqués.<br>This paper aims to elucidate the main issues that characterize the current art market in order to present, assess and evaluate potential solutions stemming from blockchain technology. This market is indeed grappling with certain difficulties of authenticity and authentication of works of art: there is even signs of a crisis of expertise. At the moment, it is also burdensome to establish the provenance of art circulating on the market for different reasons. Firstly, because the market is very fragile and second, because it seems to have failed to take advantage of technologies in time. Finally, we can witness a lack of transparency, mainly due to the desire for confidentiality and secrecy which reigns as much among art dealers as among collectors. The increasing development of decentralized technologies has enabled progress in several industries recently, and it appears that it could offer a certain support within the art market due to their characteristics of immutability, transparency and security. We will therefore be able to see the usefulness of distributed ledgers, smart contracts and tokenization to alleviate the problems we have observed. The fact remains, however, that the general adoption of blockchain technology in such a secular industry is not without limits It will therefore be necessary to study the challenges this new technology will have to overcome in order to guarantee the authenticity and provenance of art, as well as price transparency. Finally, in order to ensure a balanced and profitable adoption in the long term, it will be essential to take into account the interests of the various stakeholders involved.
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Webster, Nicholas A. "What Are Teens Really Learning from Blogs? Bridging the Gap Between Sex Education and the Internet." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1409755723.
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Moni, Alessandro <1994>. "Preservare il tempo nell’era digitale. Il blog e l'archivio fotografico di Mayank Austen Soofi." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17314.
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Questa tesi si propone di analizzare il lavoro di Mayank Austen Soofi, fotografo, scrittore e blogger
indiano che attraverso l’atto quotidiano di fotografare, postare e archiviare sta costruendo, in
tempo reale, la memoria visiva della città di Delhi, in maniera trasversale tra il borgo antico e il
nuovo distretto (New Delhi). La discussione si sviluppa attorno all’enciclopedico corpus fotografico
realizzato da Soofi e all’intenzione di donare il suo archivio all’Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia. La
parte iniziale dell’elaborato verrà dedicata a fornire una chiave di lettura per l’analisi del corpus
fotografico di Soofi. In seguito si evidenzierà come, in modo del tutto simile alla figura del flâneur,
egli vaghi senza una meta precisa per catturare gli aspetti del suo tempo e come, in un’epoca in
cui i contenuti visivi sono innumerevoli, riesca a rinnovare il valore delle singole immagini.
Particolare attenzione verrà data alla modalità di lavoro di Soofi. Il rapporto tra fotografia e
scrittura e la sinergia che l’autore crea tra questi due linguaggi sono un elemento caratteristico del
suo operare che verrà indagato. Inoltre, il suo ritrarre compulsivamente la città classificando le
immagini in un blog dà forma a un “archivio vivente”, a una vasta raccolta iconografica, che ritrae
Delhi e la sua gente. Infine, si prenderà in esame il progetto di custodia permanente del suo archivio fotografico
presso l'Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, tuttora in via di definizione. Data la precarietà del mondo
digitale, organizzare e gestire un archivio, per garantire futuro accesso e reperibilità dei materiali
fotografici, è quanto mai urgente.
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Johnson, Janet L. "Personal stories go worldwide: the ritual of storytelling through Weblogs." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4601/.
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The once private traditional written diary is shifting to an electronic storytelling tradition. Online diaries or weblogs are a growing phenomenon that scholars have ignored until recently. This qualitative project uses narrative and rhetorical analysis to focus on storytelling themes in weblogs, rituals in storytelling and the similarities and differences from traditional written diaries. In this study, 30 weblogs were chosen from three web domains: livejournal.com, blogger.com and diarest.net. The findings show that weblogs are filled with rich storytelling that emulates many qualities of traditional diaries. In general, weblogs authors are communicating stories online to an interactive mass audience and forming new rituals in a new electronic forum.
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Ainetter, Sylvia. "Blogs : literarische Aspekte eines neuen Mediums : eine Analyse am Beispiel des Weblogs Miagolare /." Wien ; Münster : Lit, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410572524.
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Vivier, Grégoire. "Relations entre la microstructure des blocs agglomérés et les propriétés électriques des fusibles." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0078.
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Les éléments clés de la protection des circuits électriques contre les surintensités de courant sont constitués d'éléments fusibles (argent ou cuivre) noyés dans une matière de remplissage agglomérée. L'objet de ces travaux est d'étudier l'influence de la microstructure de la matière agglomérée (bloc de sable de silice lié par un silicate de sodium) sur le fonctionnement électrique du fusible au cours de la coupure. Un séquençage de l'arc électrique a été réalisé afin d'en étudier la progression au cours de la coupure, ce qui a permis d'avancer des hypothèses sur les propriétés physiques du bloc aggloméré intervenant au cours de ce phénomène. Ceci a été orienté vers d'une part l'étude de la compacité du bloc (empilement des grains de sable), et d'autre part, vers l'étude du vieillissement (effet de la cristallisation du silicate de sodium). Un fusible modèle a été conçu pour limiter les effets parasites dus à la présence simultanée de plusieurs arcs électriques. Ce fusible est en effet constitué d'uune seule lame d'argent contenant une seule rangée de sections réduites. Plusieurs paramètres ont alors été étudiés : la compacité du bloc de sable : soit en jouant sur la distribution granulométrique du sable, soit en insérant les défauts dans le sable, le vieillissement du liant : en appliquant des traitements thermiques supplémentaires aux fusibles. Concernant la compacité, aucune relation évidente n'a pu être observée entre cette propriété et le comportement électrique des fusibles. Cependant, l'analyse détaillée des oscillogrammes de coupure a permis d'imaginer ce que doit être le comportement idéal en coupure d'un fusible. Ceci a conduit à élaborer des fusibles à deux composants : le premier, dans lequel est noyée la lame, a une porosité plus faible (environ 20%) que celle du bloc aggloméré, ce qui permet de mieux confiner les vapeurs métalliques produites par l'arc électrique, le second étant le sable aggloméré (porosité d'environ 35%), dans lequel est noyé l'ensemble (lame + 1er composant). Ce type de fusibles a donné des performances électriques environ trois fois meilleures que celles obtenues avec les fusibles de référence, ce qui valide la modélisation de l'allumage, de la propagation et de l'extinction de l'arc électrique proposée. La caractérisation de la cristallisation du silicate de sodium a été effectuée par dissolution dans l'acide fluorhydrique. On a montré qu'un traitement thermique accélère la cinétique de cristallisation, mais que l'effet de cette cristallisation sur les performances électriques des fusibles est du second ordre. Ce travail a été réalisé en collaboration avec la Société FERRAZ SHAWMUT avec le soutien de la région Rhône-Alpes, dans le cadre du programme "Poudres et multicomposants"<br>Electrical circuits are protected from over currents with current-limiting-fuses, which are made of notched fuse-elements inserted in a filling-up sand block agglomerated with sodium silicate. The aim of this work is to study the influence of the agglomerated block microstructure on the electrical fuse properties. A cutting out of the electric arc has been done to study its evolution during current interruption. It gave hypothesis on agglomerated block physical properties role. This lead the work towards the agglomerated block compactness study, and the effect of the binder crystallization study. A model fuse was made to limit the parasitic effects; it is constitute with a single silver fuse-element with only one notches row. Several parameters were studied: - Compactness of the agglomerated block: by modification of granular distribution, or by insertion of defects. - Binder ageing: by subjecting fuses to additional heat treatments. No clearly relation has been brought out between compactness and the electric behaviour of the fuses:. The cut-off waveforms analysis allowed to imagine the ideal current interruption behaviour of the fuse. This brought us to elaborate a bi-component fuse : the first component, in which the fuse-element is drowned, ha a lower porosity than the agglomerated block and confines the metal vapor produced by the electrical arc ; the second one is the agglomerated sand itself, surrounding the first component. This new kind of fuse gave electrical properties three times less than those obtained with a reference fuse. This result validates the current interruption model that bas been proposed. The characterization of sodium silicate crystallization has been performed by dissolution with hydrofluoric acid. It was shown that beat treatment accelerates the crystallization kinetics, but this crystallization has no real influence on electrical behaviour of the fuses
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Koh, Kok Chuan. "Modeling Alcohol Consumption Using Blog Data." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271843/.
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How do the content and writing style of people who drink alcohol beverages stand out from non-drinkers? How much information can we learn about a person's alcohol consumption behavior by reading text that they have authored? This thesis attempts to extend the methods deployed in authorship attribution and authorship profiling research into the domain of automatically identifying the human action of drinking alcohol beverages. I examine how a psycholinguistics dictionary (the Linguistics Inquiry and Word Count lexicon, developed by James Pennebaker), together with Kenneth Burke's concept of words as symbols of human action, and James Wertsch's concept of mediated action provide a framework for analyzing meaningful data patterns from the content of blogs written by consumers of alcohol beverages. The contributions of this thesis to the research field are twofold. First, I show that it is possible to automatically identify blog posts that have content related to the consumption of alcohol beverages. And second, I provide a framework and tools to model human behavior through text analysis of blog data.
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Park, Boram Kim Hae Jung. "Impacts of blogging motivation and flow on blogging behavior." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12177.
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Meganck, Shana. "Setting The Nutritional Agenda: An Analysis of Nutrition Blog Sourcing." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/500.
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This research study analyzed the sources of nutrition blog information as measured by frequency and type of sources used by nutrition bloggers. Since the use of online resources for finding health information has become more prevalent, it is important to further research the topic for the purpose of better understanding how our nutrition agenda is set by nutrition bloggers. Focusing on 20 nutrition blogs, the study content analyzed 3,156 blog posts during a one-year period from September 1, 2011 to August 31, 2012, yielding 5,263 sources. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with the writers of all 20 blogs in July 2012. The findings showed that (1) nutrition bloggers are sourcing half of the time, (2) nutrition bloggers are citing a variety of sources that include both credible and less credible sources, (3) nutrition bloggers are finding and choosing sources in various ways that include both credible and less credible methods, and (4) there is no difference in the sources selected by men and women bloggers. Overall, this study shows the need to create best practices for blog sourcing that serve as guidelines for both bloggers and readers, with emphasis on guidelines for source frequency and credibility of sources.
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Heinrich, Ansgard, and n/a. "Network journalism : journalistic practice in interactive spheres." University of Otago. Department of Media, Film and Communication Studies, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081211.162922.
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Today�s globalized network communication initiates new interactive formats, transforming not only the dissemination, but - increasingly - the production of news. The �one-way� flow of news from a news outlet to the audience has been replaced by a network structure. Following Castells� concept of the �network� (1996) as the central model of information structures, I perpetuate this paradigmatic shift and suggest that networks also transform the professional journalism sphere in many world regions. A revised sphere of journalism is taking shape in which an increasingly global flow of news is evolving and a multiple platform structure of journalism is taking shape in which boundaries between traditional media outlets of print, radio, and television and between national and �foreign� journalism are blurring. Furthermore, I argue that a globalized journalistic network sphere is emerging which involves �traditional� journalistic outlets and bloggers, media activists, so-called citizen journalists, or user-generated content providers alike. These new journalistic spheres of connectivity establish new (and continuous) links between journalists, their sources as well as their audiences. This fundamental change creates new professional levels of connectivity on one hand and on the other, has severe strategic and organizational implications for the management of print, broadcast and online news outlets.
Within this new �network� sphere of journalistic practice, the roles of journalistic outlets change. This work suggests a framework that helps to understand journalistic organization today, with innovative work structures based on digital technologies transforming the character and in effect substituting the model of �top-down� journalism models by a model that is far more complicated. I argue that within an evolving global news sphere, information flows are multidirectional. Decentralization and non-linearity become the key parameters defining news flows at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The character of this network in the journalism sphere is transnational, crossmedia, and cross professions. Based on results of thirteen qualitative interviews with media practitioners in Germany, the US and the UK, I argue that a new geography of journalism is taking shape in which journalistic outlets are being transformed into nodes.
These nodes are arranged in a dense net of information gathers, producers and disseminators and the interactive connections among them constitute what I want to call network journalism.
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Melton, Rebecca. "Exploring the Impacts of Fashion Blog Type and Message Type on Female Consumer Response Towards the Brand." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407834/.
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The current study examines the influences of blog type and blog message type on consumers’ perceptions of brand credibility and brand similarity. Additionally, the study seeks to understand the interaction effects of blog type and message type on brand credibility and brand similarity and on consumer engagement with a blog. The findings reveal that message type, specifically product message, is an important consideration when marketers want to illustrate similarities between the brand and consumers. Additionally, it was found that product messages should be considered when encouraging consumer engagement with a blog. However, blog type did not have an effect on consumer perceptions of brand credibility and similarity or consumer engagement.
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Gemba, Holger. "Untersuchungen der Raumsprache im lyrischen Werk A. A. Bloks /." München : O. Sagner, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355297860.
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Mobley-VanHeerde, Jennifer. "The influence of congressional voting blocs on immigration reform: The Immigration Reform and Control Act, 1986." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1496.
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O'Brien, Annamarie L. "Mind over Matter: Expressions of Mind/Body Dualism in Thinspiration." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1369057408.
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Escassut, Rémy. "Trace automatique hiérarchisé d'interconnexions de blocs fonctionnels de circuits intégrés V.L.S.I." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376135162.
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Salaün, Gildas. "Production et circulation des monnaies de Charles de Blois, 1341-1364 /." [S.l. : s.n], 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41330622q.
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Dimitriadis, Ioannis. "Etude de la cristallisation de copolymères à blocs poly(styrène-b-éthylène)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376047008.
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Stahl, Gretsch Laurence-Isaline. "Les occupations magdaléniennes de Veyrier : histoire et Préhistoire des abris-sous-blocs /." Lausanne (Suisse) : Paris : Cahiers d'archéologie romande ; Éd. du CTHS, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40196342q.
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Chèvre, Raphaël. "Étude du mécanisme d'action des copolymères à blocs amphiphiles pour le transfert de gène in vivo." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=53397cdd-f222-4eb5-8820-49663ddd216f.
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Les copolymères à blocs amphiphiles comptent aujourd'hui parmi les vecteurs les plus efficaces pour le transfert de gène in vivo dans de nombreux tissus tels que le muscle squelettique, le cœur ou les poumons. Le mécanisme d'action de ces vecteurs demeure peu connu, et l'étude de ce mécanisme représente un enjeu majeur pour leur futur développement clinique. Au cours de cette thèse, nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés au Lutrol®, polymère efficace in vivo et déjà admis par les pharmacopées internationales. L'incapacité de ces molécules à transfecter des cellules en culture suggère que l'environnement cellulaire détermine leur mécanisme d'action. Afin d'étudier le mécanisme de ces vecteurs au niveau cellulaire, nous avons conçu un modèle permettant d'observer le mécanisme du Lutrol® sur les différentes étapes du trajet des acides nucléiques, depuis l'internalisation du transgène jusqu'à son expression. En utilisant plusieurs stratégies in vitro faisant intervenir le Lutrol® en association directe ou indirecte avec les vecteurs cationiques, nous avons déterminé son niveau d'implication dans la transfection, son rôle au niveau de la cellule et des acides nucléiques, mais également les raisons de son inaptitude à transfecter des cellules en culture en identifiant les barrières limitant son utilisation in vitro. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent fortement que le Lutrol® améliore l'efficacité de transfection par un mécanisme physico-chimique inerte et passif, aboutissant in vivo à une internalisation cellulaire du plasmide par un mécanisme de délivrance directe dans le cytoplasme, indépendant de l'endocytose, et donc en rupture avec celui des lipides cationiques<br>Amphiphilic block copolymers have been developed recently for their efficient in vivo transfection activities in various tissues including skeletal muscle, heart and lung. However their mechanism of action remains unknown and better understanding of this mechanism represents a major goal for the future development of this new class of vectors. In this study, we particularly focused on Lutrol®, an FDA approved polymer, because of its high in vivo efficiency and remarkably low toxicity. As block copolymers does not allow the transfection of cultured cells in vitro, we suggested that the cell environment was strongly involved in their mechanism of action. In order to evaluate the mechanism of these polymers at the cellular level, we designed a model allowing us to observe the impact of Lutrol® on the different steps involved in the nucleic acids trafficking, from the transgene internalisation to its expression. Using several in vitro transfection strategies involving direct or indirect assemblies of Lutrol® / nucleic acids / cationic vectors, we attempted to elucidate which steps were influenced by lutrol, its role on nucleic acids and cells, but also the reasons of its in vitro transfection inability. Results presented in this report strongly suggest that Lutrol® improves transfection efficiency by a passive and inert physico-chemical mechanism, leading to the enhancement of cellular uptake through a direct delivery mechanism into the cell cytoplasm, and not via an endosomal pathway, strongly contrasting with cationic lipids internalisation pathway
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Biscaia, Julliana. "Comunicação, consumo e representações do fazer artesanal e artístico: as narrativas dos artesãos no blog Elo7." Associação Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing, 2016. http://tede2.espm.br/handle/tede/79.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-18<br>Art and crafts are contemporary mediated logic of production in blogs such as Elo7 (found in crafts ecommerce offered by Elo7), which brings us with testimonials of craftsmen/women, regarding representation in craft making. According to these craftsmen/women, crafts is a way of making art. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the testimonials found in this blog, conceiving them as publicity texts, since they value the craft activity, approaching it to art. We start from Carrascoza s (2004) strategies to analyze publicity texts concept. We also lay our verification of these texts in the French Discourse Analysis<br>A arte e o artesanato são lógicas de produção mediatizadas na contemporaneidade em blogs como o Elo7 (presente no site de comercialização de produtos artesanais Elo7), que nos traz depoimentos de artesãos, com representações em relação ao fazer artesanal. Na visão desses criadores, o artesanato é uma forma de fazer artístico. Temos como objetivo analisar os depoimentos presentes nesse blog,
concebendo-os como textos publicitários, uma vez que valorizam a atividade artesanal, aproximando a da arte. Partimos da conceituação de Carrascoza (2004) para a análise das estratégias do texto publicitário. Nos ancoramos também na Análise de Discurso de Linha Francesa para empreender nossa verificação.
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Audibert, Marc. "Déformation discontinue et rotations de blocs : méthodes numériques de restauration : application à la Galilée /." Rennes : CAESS, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35418574t.
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Fang, Juing. "Décodage pondéré des codes en blocs et quelques sujets sur la complexité du décodage." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376049402.
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Heliot, Denis. "Conception et réalisation d'un outil intégré de modélisation des massifs rocheux fracturés en blocs." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614191z.
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Park, Boram. "Impacts of Blogging Motivation and Flow on Blogging Behavior." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12177/.
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With the development of free and easy-to-use software programs, blogging has helped turn Web consumers into Web content providers. Blogging provides distinctive insight into comprehending e-consumer behavior explicitly with respect to social networking and information searching behaviors while facilitating a state of flow. The objectives of this study are to identify determinant dimensions of blogging motivations and flow, and to investigate the hypothesized relationships of the motivational blogging behavior. Analyzing data (n = 432) from a southwestern university, results reveal the critical dimensions of motivations, behaviors, and flow in blogging. Upon extending Hoffman and Novak's (1996) flow model, 14 out of 26 hypotheses were confirmed regarding the significant impacts of blogging motivations and flow on blogging behaviors. The findings revealed that the desire for information, enjoyment, and loyalty are the primary drivers for experiential blogging behavior. Specifically, information-seeking is the decisive motivation to urge experiential and e-shopping behavior concurrently. This study shows that indulgence and telepresence in flow might play pivotal mediating roles to promote the goal-oriented e-shopping behavior resulting enjoyment and loyalty-seeking motivations.
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Reynders, Anne. "De Middelnederlandse "Parthonopeus van Bloys" en zijn Oudfranse origineel : een studie van de vertaal- en bewerkingstechniek /." Leuven : Peeters, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392555624.
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Thomas, Jean-Charles. "Cinématique tertiaire et rotations de blocs dans l'ouest de l'Asie centrale : Tien Shan Kirghiz et dépression Tadjik /." Rennes : Université de Rennes I, Géosciences, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35695687q.
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Mebarek, Naila. "Optimisation d'un vecteur en immunothérapie avec les cellules dendritiques : micelles de copolymères à blocs double-hydrophiles." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON13526.
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L'objectif de cette thèse repose sur le développement de micelles de polymères polyioniques, vecteurs de molécules thérapeutiques en immunothérapie avec des cellules dendritiques (DCs). Elles sont préparées à partir d'un copolymère à blocs double-hydrophiles, l'acide polyméthacrylique-b-polyoxyde d'éthylène (PMAA-b-POE) et d'un contre ion de charge opposée. De taille nanométrique, elles sont capables d'encapsuler des molécules thérapeutiques selon une association tripartite originale et de se désassembler à pH acide pour permettre leur libération dans le milieu endosomal.Le premier axe de travail a porté sur l'évaluation de la propriété des copolymères à induire un échappement endosomal en fonction de leur masse molaire en utilisant deux modèles membranaires (liposomes et globules rouges). La complexation des copolymères de masses molaires différentes avec la poly-L-lysine comme contre-ion a permis l'obtention de micelles avec des propriétés d'échappement endosomal variables. Cette propriété est intéressante car en fonction de la stratégie thérapeutique adoptée, elle orientera le choix de la masse molaire du copolymère pour la formulation des micelles.Le second axe a consisté en l'application de ces micelles pour la vectorisation d'un peptide modèle (peptide OVA) dans les DCs. La capacité des micelles à encapsuler le peptide et à le libérer au niveau des compartiments endosomaux a été évaluée par des techniques de spectrofluorimétrie et de microscopie confocale. Enfin, l'efficacité de présentation du peptide formulé dans les différentes micelles a été mise en évidence et a montré l'amélioration de la présentation par les DCs du peptide formulé dans les micelles comparé au peptide non formulé. Cette présentation est nettement supérieure en utilisant les micelles composées de copolymères de masse molaire élevée qui n'entraînent pas d'échappement endosomal.Le troisième axe de recherche a reposé sur la transfection des DCs avec des micelles de siRNA dirigés contre la protéine de surface CD86. Seules les micelles composées de copolymères de faible masse molaire ont permis l'encapsulation du siRNA et la baisse de l'expression de la protéine CD86 à la surface des DCs. Afin d'optimiser la capacité des micelles à encapsuler et transfecter les DCs, la formulation des micelles a été optimisée en remplaçant la PLL par un autre polycation la polyethylene imine PEI. Ces micelles polyioniques à base de copolymère PMAA-b-POE apparaissent donc comme des vecteurs de molécules d'intérêt thérapeutique prometteurs pour les cellules dendritiques en immunothérapie ou en thérapie génique<br>The aim of the thesis work is based on the development of polymeric micelles vectors of therapeutic molecules in immunotherapy with dendritic cells (DCs). They are composed of a double hydrophilic blocks copolymers, poly(methacrylic acid)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PMAA-b-PEO) and an oppositely charged polyion. They are caracterized by a nanometric size, a capacity to encapsulate therapeutic molecules according to a tripartite association and are able to disassemble at acidic pH allowing the release of their cargo.The first part of this work has focused on the evaluation of the endosomal escape property of copolymers based on their molecular weight by using two membrane models (liposomes and red blood cells). Complexation of different molecular weight copolymers with poly- L- lysine as counter ion allowed the formation of micelles with variable endosomal escape properties. This property is interesting because according to the adopted therapeutic strategy, it will guide the choice of the copolymer micelles for formulation.The second part consisted of the application of these micelles for the vectorization of a model peptide (OVA peptide) in DCs. The ability of micelles to encapsulate and release this peptide in the endosomal compartments was assessed by fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal microscopy techniques. Finally, the effectiveness of the OVA presentation formulated in the different type of micelles has been demonstrated and shown that the peptide presentation by DCs was improved when it was formulated in micelles compared to unformulated peptide. This presentation was much higher using micelles composed of high molecular weight copolymers that do not involve endosomal escape.The third part of the research was based on the transfection of DCs with siRNA directed against CD86 protein surface. Only micelles composed of low molecular weight copolymers allowed the encapsulation of siRNA molecules and decreased the expression of CD86 protein on DCs surface. To increase the ability of micelles to encapsulate and transfect DCs, the micelle formulation was optimized by changing the PLL with another polycation PEI.These polyion micelles based PMAA-b-PEO copolymers appear as vectors of therapeutic molecules for promising strategies with dendritic cells such as vaccination and gene therapy
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Empereur-Mot, Luc. "La fragmentation naturelle des massifs rocheux : modèles de blocs et bases de données tridimensionnelles : réalisation, exploration géométrique et applications /." Grenoble : Laboratoire de géodynamique des chaînes alpines de l'Université Joseph Fourier, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38858558h.
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Cleary, Alison. "Keeping up with the "digital natives"." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20080310.202344/index.html.
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Lewis, Mitzi. "A Hierarchical Regression Analysis of the Relationship Between Blog Reading, Online Political Activity, and Voting During the 2008 Presidential Campaign." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33182/.
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The advent of the Internet has increased access to information and impacted many aspects of life, including politics. The present study utilized Pew Internet & American Life survey data from the November 2008 presidential election time period to investigate the degree to which political blog reading predicted online political discussion, online political participation, whether or not a person voted, and voting choice, over and above the predication that could be explained by demographic measures of age, education level, gender, income, marital status, race/ethnicity, and region. Ordinary least squares hierarchical regression revealed that political blog reading was positively and statistically significantly related to online political discussion and online political participation. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds of a political blog reader voting were 1.98 the odds of a nonreader voting, but vote choice was not predicted by reading political blogs. These results are interpreted within the uses and gratifications framework and the understanding that blogs add an interpersonal communication aspect to a mass medium. As more people use blogs and the nature of the blog-reading audience shifts, continuing to track and describe the blog audience with valid measures will be important for researchers and practitioners alike. Subsequent potential effects of political blog reading on engagement, discussion, and participation will be important to understand as these effects could impact the political landscape of this country and, therefore, the world.
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Torrès, Ghislaine. "Etude de la réaction d'hydrosilylation et application à la synthèse d'un copolymère à blocs poly(sulfone-b-siloxane) caractérisation des réactions secondaires /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376015736.
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Vinches, Marc. "Application de l'analyse structurale, de la géostatistique et de la théorie des blocs-clés à l'étude de la stabilité des massifs rocheux fracturés." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376191439.
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Björn, Emma, Lovisa Stenström, and Erich Altoray. "Small and Medium Sized Food Producers - how are they affected by the trading blocs and the distributors’ own brands? : A case study of three SME in the food industry." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-798.
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<p>Background: The Swedish food industry has changed dramatically during the last decades and to become and remain as a player has become a demanding task for several of the small and medium sized enterprises (SME). The trading blocs have increased the development of their own brand (DOB) and this has given the SME new competition but also the possibility to produce these products for the trading blocs. In addition to this the trading blocs have be-come more and more centralized and to strengthen their position in nego-tiations and other aspects which are important for the trading blocs.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of how the trad-ing blocs, with their development of their own brand, affect the Swedish small and medium sized producers in the food industry. It is also to look into what kinds of strategies that are used by the SME in order to tackle the competition from the distributors own brands.</p><p>Method: To fulfill our purpose a qualitative approach has been used for this thesis. Seven different interviews have been done, either by phone or face to face, with the three largest trading blocs and with four the SME in Sweden, three producing and one distributing company.</p><p>Conclusion: The focus on low prices and the trading blocs’ stronger, central position on the market have made the competition more intense. To be or remain as a player on the market it is important for the SME to be a supplier to the trading blocs. However, since there are many players striving to become a supplier it is a tough situation and the price becomes an important factor. The trading blocs want low prices and keep pushing the suppliers to keep them low, or even lower them. This price focus is a major issue for the SME, and the DOB have become an important mean for the trading blocs to keep prices low. Due to scenarios like this it is very important for the SME to have strategies in place and the most common and most efficient is the bypass and flanking attack strategies. These two strategies are intense and keep the SME alert when it comes to product development and new innovations.</p>
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Ben, Larbi Sami. "TALK TO ME, I AM LISTENING." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2007.
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An introductory conversation with a new person I just met usually goes like this: So, where is your accent from ? Are you American? Well, yes, .....but no. Not really. I do have American citizenship and I lived in the US for fifteen years but I grew up in France. Ok, so you’re French? Well, yes, but .....not totally. My mother is French but my father is Tunisian. Ok, so you’re Tunisian? Well, yes, but... not wholly. I don’t speak Arabic, so I don’t totally feel Tunisian. So what are you? American? French? Tunisian? With my work, I ask the same questions. What is this? What does it do? How do I, the maker, relate to it? How does the viewer, the other side of the conversation, relate to it and understand it? Can we understand each other if we do not speak the same language? Who am I and who are you anyway?
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Clegg, Bridget Dearie. "Craftivista: Craft blogging as a platform for activism." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1271901842.
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Aznar, Raymond. "Transformation anionique Ziegler Natta entre les dérives du lithium et le tétrabutoxytitane contribution à la synthèse de copolymères à blocs du polyacétylène, étude des mécanismes réactionnels." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375956347.
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Korini, Thoma. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle par un assemblage de blocs rigides du comportement mécanique d'un massif rocheux à fissuration individualisée en vue de l'analyse de la stabilité d'ouvrages miniers." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614778d.
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Bates, Stephen Edward, and Stephen Bates@ea gov au. "The New Regionalism: Comparing the Development of the EC Single Integrated Market, NAFTA and APEC." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 1996. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20011210.141305.
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The study of regions in international relations has been a sometime thing, gaining scholarly attention in the 1950s and 1960s, dropping largely from view in the 1970s, and returning to focus quite dramatically in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It is clear that the contemporary manifestations of regionalism (the completion of the internal market of the European Communities in 1992, Asia Pacific developments, and US-centred Western hemisphere moves) constitute a new and qualitatively different factor in both interstate relations and the international political economy. The growth in the development of regions in the 1980s also represents a new level of interstate collaboration in the international system. The question arises as to the causes of this 'new regionalism' of the 1980s, and the implications of these developments for international relations practice and theory. Investigating these issues is the main task of this thesis.
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This thesis involves three elements: a central contemporary element examining the re-emergence of regions in the 1980s; a second comparative element comparing the causal factors operating in three different regions; and lastly, a theoretical element examining the usefulness of current theory to the phenomenon of regionalism in the 1980s and 1990s.
Chapters Two and Three discuss the relevant theoretical literature with a view to developing the propositions to be examined in the case studies. They examine three of the major streams of international relations theory - realism, liberal economics, and institutionalism - with a focus on what these contending theories have had to say about how regional groupings arise. Chapter Two looks at the relevant theoretical literature in the 1950s and 1960s while Chapter Three explores the more recent theoretical literature of the 1970s and 1980s.
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The rest of the body of the thesis tests propositions set out at the end of Chapter Three on the causes of the regionalist revival in the 1980s by way of three case studies, each one concerned with the actual development of regionalism in three different parts of the globe: Western Europe, North America and the Asia Pacific.
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In all three regions the move towards regionalism was clearly a reaction to negative developments in the international economic and political systems. It was in part a specific response to the undermining of the liberal international trading regime and the associated rise in protectionism, particularly in the US. It was also partly the result of an ideational shift in terms of economic doctrine away from keynesianism and import substitution industrialisation to economic liberalism and export-oriented economic growth. Yet it is also apparent from the case studies that the new regionalism was also to some extent the result of a kind of interactive chain reaction, a spiral of mutual anxiety, with regionalism in one area provoking an extension of regionalism in another. It is indeed difficult to establish which of these causal explanations is the principal one as it is clear from the case studies that they are in fact mutually reinforcing.
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The thesis concludes with an analysis of the insights provided by the case studies into the theoretical debates examined in Chapters Two and Three. Finally, there is an attempt to use these insights to construct a theory accounting for the rise of the new regionalism.