Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Art de performance – États-Unis – 20e siècle'
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Gourbe, Géraldine. "Prolégomènes à une réflexion sur l'être-ensemble : analyse critique de la performance nord-américaine des années 70-80." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100089.
Full textWe questioned political and aesthetic links between artistic performance and feminist speeches from the critical analysis of a North American artistic and feminist collective of the seventies and the eighties, the Feminist Art Program. We located our research about art and feminism, at first, in the epistemologic context of the queer theory's spreading in North America then Europe, a theory who favoured rapprochement between performance and questions of gender identity. We considered then another reading of feminist performances by considering them to be productions being recovering from conventions, from contexts of appearance and from exchanges configurant of alternatives for a group-being. The collective experience of the Feminist Art Program is in this title a peculiar example. We finally set out to show that feminist and artistic practice is not reserved for the only problems of the woman and gender, but on the contrary participates in a global politic which question the society as a whole
Barbut, Clélia. "Corps à l'oeuvre, à l'ouvrage et à l'épreuve : sociohistorique des arts de la performance, années 1970." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25980.
Full textTableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2015-2016
Entre les décennies 1960 et 1980 émergent les courants de l’« art de la performance », du « happening », du « body art », de l’« art corporel » ou encore de l’« art de l’action », qui désignent les démarches des nombreux plasticiens qui font directement intervenir le corps, souvent leur propre corps, dans leurs travaux. À travers les productions des acteurs qui soutiennent ces courants le corps est fabriqué comme un sujet légitime d’attention et de valeur. La thèse décrit l’émergence de ces courants artistiques pendant la décennie 1970 en soutenant qu’ils peuvent et doivent être interrogés comme des phénomènes sociaux. En effet, jamais auparavant autant d’acteurs des mondes de l’art visuel n’avaient décidé simultanément de se tourner vers le corps lui-même, et de le mettre à l’œuvre, à l’ouvrage, à l’épreuve. Interroger leurs productions du point de vue du corps peut permettre de dérouler de comprendre en profondeur la présence incisive et percutante du phénomène. Ces courants viennent poser des questions cruciales à l’anatomie du travail créateur : rapports sociaux de sexe, interactions avec les spectateurs, engagements politiques, marchandisation. L’étude, sociohistorique, focalise autour de trois scènes (France, côtes est et ouest des États-Unis) à partir d’un corpus d’archives documentaires (entretiens, critiques, essais, manifestes, notations, photographies). La thèse comprend un volet d’enquête qui mesure la reconnaissance de ces pratiques, un second volet d’histoire institutionnelle et intellectuelle qui décrit les savoir-faire et les modalités d’énonciation liés aux actions et aux événements et enfin, une topographie qui résume les modèles du corps produits par les gestes les raisonnements des artistes et de leurs commentateurs. Mots-clés : Histoire des corps, art de la performance, critique d’art, féminismes, documentation, sociologie historique.
« Performance art », « body art » and « happenings » appeared on the art scene between the 1960s and the 1980s. The human body was at the heart of these artistic movements, to the extent that many artists embodied their own works. Within such creative processes and productions, the body undeniably became a legitimate subject of attention and value. This dissertation describes the initial stages of the art movements aforementioned, and argues that they must be analyzed as sociological phenomena. Never before had such a larger of artists within the same time period decided to focus on the entity of the body itself, to use and misuse it so intensely. Observing their approaches through the lens of the body allows us to voice critical questions about the anatomy of a creative work - gender relations, interactions with the viewers, political commitments, and marketing. This sociohistorical research studies three landmark art scenes of the time (France, the east coast, and the west coast of the USA), by delving into a documentary material of archives (interviews, reviews, essays, manifestos, notations and photographs). The thesis begins with a sociological inquiry which measures the visibility of these artistic movements; it is followed by a history of the institutional and critical apparatus which described the atistic skills and statements at work within body actions and happenings; lastly, the dissertation presents a topography of the workings of the body, drawn from the artists’ performances and theoretical stances, as well as art critics’ viewpoints and analyses. Key Words : body art, avant-gardes, history of the body, feminisms, documentation, historical sociology.
Garrault, Antoine. "L'expérience comme art : résurgences du pragmatisme dans les arts aux Etats-Unis : 1965-1973." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H005.
Full textFor the new generation of artists who emerge during the Sixties, the work of art must by any means be returned to the world of action and relationships, without surrendering its specificity, and without recreating the divisions that made it into an isolated object. A new attitude arises, tending to replace the critical enterprise of modernism with a complex, pragmatical approach free from the media-based distinctions structuring the system of the arts. If the transformations this entails in the field of art are unprecedented, it nonetheless struck several keen observers as being familiar: this is precisely the attitude that defined pragmatism when it made its appearance in philosophy. Don't ask what an idea is, ask what it does, said the philosophers; don't ask what the work is, rather see what the work does, the artists now demand. A philosophy usually considered to be foreign to art objects and artistic activities becomes the operational mode! for an art that suddenly tums into a wildly speculative activity, and takes up the tasks that hitherto fell to philosophy: to come up with the world's mode of coherence, to state the identity between thought and being, to invent new ways of having ideas, etc. In this criss-crossing, what was proper to philosophy comes to define the features of art; conversely, while art becomes a philosophical activity, philosophy itself now appears as an activity of construction and general method of creation
Bonneville, François. "Art populaire-art moderne, une relation." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOLA01.
Full textPaul, Frédéric. "Convergences aventureuses : l’écho des années soixante-dix californiennes sur l’art européen des années quatre-vingt-dix et autres essais sur l’art contemporain." Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383238/fr/.
Full textThe art scene in California in the late 1960s and early 1970s established favourable terrain for the investigations of a new generation of artists, even if it did not enjoy any real logistical support, be it from the art trade or from institutions. The conceptual art promoted at the same time by Seth Siegelaub in New York prepared an alternative to Minimal art. This phenomenon already had its equivalent in Europe. The dematerialization of the work of art would have decisive consequences in California, where it gave rise to a Conceptual art stripped of any dogmatism and marked by the influence of powerful personalities like Ed Ruscha and John Baldessari. East coast artists such as Douglas Huebler, William Wegman, and Robert Cumming, plus Ruppersberg in the Midwest, would find more stimulating working conditions on the other side of the United States. Europeans like Bas Jan Ader and his colleague Ger van Elk would follow the same path. Their works would not find any immediate on-the-spot visibility, but after a gap of about fifteen years, a new generation of European artists (let us mention artists like Claude Closky, in France, and Jonathan Monk, in England) leaned on those older brothers and elevated them to the rank of primary references. Using selected examples of artists and a corpus of texts put together since the beginning of the 1990s, written for various exhibition catalogues, reviews and publishers, the aim of this thesis is to introduce this dialogue between generations and shed light on certain convergences despite the disparity of institutional and societal contexts
Rivenc, Rachel. "Made in L. A. : the role of materials and processes in the birth of West Coast Minimalism : and implications for its conservation." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS040S.
Full textIn the 1960s, a group of Los Angeles based artists embarked on a reductive process that led to the creation of a distinct aesthetic, often referred to as West Coast Minimalism. The use of innovative materials and processes, often borrowed from the industrial world has been a critical element of their artistic innovation. This doctoral thesis focuses on the use of materials and processes by four pioneers of West Coast Minimalism, Larry Bell, Robert Irwin, Craig Kauffman and John McCracken. The thesis contends that materials and processes played a crucial role in prompting these artists to transition from paintings to objects that were hybrid painting – sculpture, and in making their practice an avant-garde one. The thesis also demonstrates their intimate and first-hand involvement with their process and suggest that this should be taken into account when deciding how to approach the conservation of their work
Crignon, Cyril. "Le "dripping" de Jackson Pollock et le "zip" de Barnett Newman : les deux pôles de construction du lieu dans la peinture "à l'américaine" : pour une approche philosophique de la question." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010521.
Full textMavridorakis, Valérie. "Du minimalisme à l'art minimal : des limites de la sculpture à l'épreuve de l'"objet spécifique" dans l'art américain des années soixante." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010626.
Full textWadlow, Justin S. "Sound + Vision : scène musicale et scène artistique à New York,1967-1984." Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0010.
Full textStarting with the mid seventies, New York City is in ruin, facing bankruptcy, at the same time this situation allows many artists to move in the abandoned lofts and give birth to what we can describe as the downtown art scene : bringing together pop art and pop music, following in the footsteps of Andy Warhol and The Velvet Underground. Our aim is therefore to answer the following questions : to what extent can Lou Reed or Patti Smith's pictures be considered as part of a wider form of expression involving music, stage and poetry ; how does David Byrne transpose Art & Language into the music of his band Talking Heads, how does Arta Lindsay manage to continue the work of Fluxus, how does Joe Coleman or GG Allin give a new meaning to happenings, how can Kim Gordon invent a form of feminist expression by putting together video, painting and rock; how does the Cinema of Transgression devised by Nick Zedd and Richard Kern influence feminist artists as Karen Finley and Lydia Lunch ? In little more than a decade, the art world in New York therefore moved from rages to riches, from the CBGB and The Lower East Side to Wall Street, before moving nowadays to Brooklyn
Valance, Hélène. "Au filtre de la nuit : le nocturne dans l'art américain, 1890-1917." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070069.
Full textWhile most of the literature about nocturnes has stressed their melancholy qualities, my project is to explain the attraction fin-de-siècle Americans felt for them by looking at their historical context, notably that of the development of electric lighting. Beyond the immediate context of electricity, however, I want to show that night acted as a powerful metaphor in the culture of the time. From the dark continent of imperialism to that of the unconscious, the metaphorical uses of night were pervasive. My dissertation relies on a wide range of examples of nocturne imagery, from popular visual culture to the fine arts, and explores the visual dimension of this metaphor. It examines how night served to address the threatening but also thrilling aspects of the new environment Americans were discovering at the turn of the 20th century
Power, Susan. "Les expositions surréalistes en Amérique du Nord : terrain d'expérimentation, de réception et de diffusion (1940-1960)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010606.
Full textFujie, Atsushi. "Le land art américain et les notions de pittoresque et de sublime." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010577.
Full textWe have shown the parallelism of the concepts and the images between american land art, the avant-garde movement of the XXth century, and the notions of the picturesque and the sublime, polysemiotical concepts of the XVIIIth century philosophy
Donatien-Yssa, Patricia. ""Africobra" : esthétique et idéologie de l'expression plastique noire-américaine." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR2009.
Full textAfricobra, aesthetics and ideology of afro-american visual arts relates the evolution of painting and sculpture in the black community of the united states from slavery to 1960. It particularly insists on the aesthetic changes that took place during the Harlem renaissance and the revolutionary period of the 60's and 70's. This work examines the aesthetics and the ideology of the afro-american visual arts, essentially between the 60's and the 80’s. More precisely through the study of the works of the Africobra group, a group of then black artists who were deeply involved in the political struggle of the 60's and 70's and in the search for new aesthetic concepts. It also takes an active interest in the problem of the cultural identity and in the relation that exists between the ideological discourse and the pictural language, showing how the members of Africobra urged by their philosophical and political convictions have drawn from the afro-american and african traditions to create an art opened on contemporaneousness and reflecting their aesthetic aspirations
Fraixe, Catherine. "Art français ou art européen ? : l'histoire de l'art moderne en France : culture, politique et récits historiques, 1900-1960." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0115.
Full textThis thesis studies a series of « histories of modern art », which circulated in France between 1900 and 1960, as a « hypertext» whose transformations can be understood as political reinterpretations of the same question, that is the form of the community they« describe ». Thus in the first half of the XX th Century, those narratives establish complex relations, and sharp distinctions, between «nation» and «Europe », «people» and «elites », «ethnic groups» and «races ». The organicist model the Third Republic favoured around 1900 and which triumphed al the Salon d'Automne would structure during three decades a narrative which referred either to the so-called psychology of the peoples or to the creative power of an elite, which according to the Action française, would save a Western Civilisation rooted in a Latin tradition. At the end of 1920s, the imperialist model of a « French Europe », dear to the maurrassians, coexisted with a narrative stressing the ethnic caracteristics of each « Europeân people ». Ln the early 30s, the political myth of a Latin Civilisation was at last dispeIIed in favour of the biological conception of a « Latin Europe » composed of ethnie groups belonging to the same « racial type ». A new « history of art» was designed to spread ideas similar to those of the diverse European fascisms. The «history of modern art », focused on international avant-gardes expressing the values of the « free world », that American and European groups tried to impose in the early 1950s, would then conflict not only with nationalist representations but also with the supranational, ethno-racial, « European » models of the interwar period
Rannou, Agnès. "Edward Hopper et le réalisme américain." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082127.
Full textThis doctoral thesis deals with realism in American painting, most particularly in Edward Hopper's painting. American Realism may be seen as a series of trends that have been making their way through American art history. These trends answer be need to approach thouroughly the nature of both intellectual and purely material American environment, in an attempt to define it, and at the same time to stand apart from Europe so as to understand the essence of this its particular sensibility better. The themes treated by realist art in the United States find their source in everyday experience as much as in their being part of a specifically American cultural context. Edward Hopper stands at a privileged place among the most important step stones of American realist painting. He painted America with amazing strengh and precision, managing to give birth to an almost mythical image of his country. Attention was particularly paid to the following question : Edward Hopper is commonly known and spoken of as one of the most, if not the most, important American realist painters of the twentieth century, but is it still relevant today to think of him as a " realist " painter ? As Edward Hopper's work is part of a world in need of, and so continually seeking images and visual effects, a world following the rules of influences and interactions, this doctoral thesis also endeavours to show, and to understand the reasons why Edward Hopper's work, a work that translates into images the very notion of " American identity ", why his work was such an influence on that of some contemporary artists
Guerrero, Victoria. "Roberto Matta Echaurren : sa période new-yorkaise, 1938-1948." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33527.
Full textMontréal Trigonix inc. 2018
Cariou, Gwennaëlle. ""Say it Loud !" : la création d'un contexte culturel noir à travers la fondation des musées africains américains." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070037.
Full textThis thesis is examining the issues of the creation of a black cultural context in the USA through African-American museums founded during the second half of the 20th century. Those museums are the result of a long process within the black American community since the 19th century, at first with the establishment of a black culture (historical societies, art collections) which allowed then the creation of black exhibitions. Those exhibitions came out in a white dominating cultural context, especially with the setting of segregated exhibitions during national and international exhibitions in the USA, then with independent exhibitions. Those different exhibitions are the base of the first black museums founded in different American cities from the 1960s. The movement of creation of African American museums went on throughout the 20th century until today with the project of the National Museum of African American History and Culture scheduled to open in 2015. African American museums are presenting in a positive way the experience of African-Americans in the USA and their place in American history and culture. They are in general the only space in which this culture is displayed and show varied themes (sciences and techniques, art, religion, work) and historical periods (the Middle Passage and slavery, the Civil Rights movement)
Maho, Jonathan. "Regards sur l'oeuvre de Robert Mapplethorpe : réception au-delà des Culture Wars (1970-2010)." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC052.
Full textOur study takes as its object the reception of Robert Mapplethorpe's work. By examining exhibitions and publications, it retraces the evolution of the critical discourse. The latter is considered for its deficiencies with regards to the polemical context of the Culture Wars — a latent conflict characterized by a series of ideological, disputes between conservatives and liberals in the United States. In the first part, we work to decontextualize the reception of Mapplethorpe's work, showing that censorship, often seen as a consequence of the controversy with which the artist has been involved, must be understood, as of the 1970s, to have been a central theme of his work. We notably demonstrate that the content of his art and exhibitions has been shaped by multiple constraints during the entirety of his career. In the second part, we offer an opportunity to study the lesser-known of his works, revealing key principals that have been neglected in studies conducted with a formalist approach. After having criticized this conventional approach (understood here to be the main problem in the reception of his oeuvre), we propose, in a third part, novel arguments that make it possible to focus on the works' content. More generally, our transdisciplinary method makes it possible to value the artist's personal archives, which have been largely underexplored in existing research
Debrabant, Camille. "La peinture à l'épreuve du postmodernisme : Etats-Unis - Europe, 1962-1989." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010649.
Full textIn 1981, the fate of painting subject to the most contradictory declarations on both sides of the Atlantic : “A New Spirit in Painting” is celebrated as the medium 's death certificate is being promulgated Symbol of the greenbergian 's modernism and repoussoir bourgeois, damaged by the avant-garde from the Sixties and Seventies, painting is the target of choice for post-modernism theoreticians, who revive the cliché of rivalry with photography. Once clarified the economic or ideological stokes associated with institutional and theoretical strategies, it will be necessary to confront the critical discourse to the analysis of artistic procedures elaborated between the early Sixties and late Eighties. Far from excluding either of these two mediums, these procedures act towards continuous reconfigurations of combinations between painting and photography
Aubart, François. "Pratiquer sans permis : La Pictures Generation et le contrôle des représentations (1977-1986)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080052.
Full textThis thesis studies the relations the Pictures Generation entertains with the control of, and by, representations. The term Pictures Generation refers to American artists born between 1945 and 1955, who, since the end of the 1970’s, made works reproducing or imitating images taken from movies, advertisements, television shows, magazines and other popular culture sources of idealized representations. Some of these artists reproduce pre-existing images in new contexts and on new supports. Setting the conditions of reproduction and circulation allows them to modify the original picture. Others create images, mostly photographic and cinematographic. The images the Pictures Generation artists reproduce or create are staged. They are set up to affect the spectators, to impress or convince them. Controlling the circulation and the production of images allows these artists to amplify the influence and the social norms conveyed by these representations. This drives them to take part in diffusion apparatus, to practice function, to use technics and materials without having the legitimacy required for such activities. The ambiguity of their practice lies in the fact that they use such tools and representations to criticize them
Dryansky, Larisa. "Déplacements : les usages de la cartographie et de la photographie dans l'art américain des années 1960 et du début des années 1970 : les cas de Mel Bochner, Douglas Huebler, Dennis Oppenheim, Ed Ruscha et Robert Smithson." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010557.
Full textEncrevé, Lucile. "Brice Marden, opacité et transparence." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040159.
Full textThe work of the American abstract artist Brice Marden, born in 1938, is made up of two parts outwardly distinct: paintings with monochromatic panels and pictures with a network of lines, which earlier works on paper announced. It is actually very coherent, subjected to opacity and to transparency alike. If the latter is a temptation, the opacity is always triumphant. Two actions of the artist are essential in connection with that: recovering and erasing. His works, whose titles refer to reality or to the whole art history but whose real subjects are death, melancholy, memory and presence, question the possibilities of abstract painting and declare its vitality
Benayada, Kamila. "L'opposition entre modernisme et régionalisme dans la peinture américaine dans les années 1920 et 1930 : Thomas Hart Benton et Stuart Davis." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070030.
Full textThis study of thé American field of art in thé 1920s and 1930s centres on thé polarisation of thé field between thé Regionalist and Modernist positions as embodied by Regionalist painter Thomas Hart Benton, and Modernist painter Stuart Davis. It uses sociological tools of analysis and is inspired by Pierre Bourdieu. Lt shows how thé stress on americanness typical of early 20th century American thought was integrated by both positions, as welle as thé New Deal art projects, and led to thé tension within thé field between dependence on thé field of power, and claim to autonomy. By opposing the nationalism of Regionalism, Modernism initiated an évolution of thé field toward autonomy from thé field of power. However, analyzing thé works of Grant Wood reveals Regionalism as a construct, and thé perception of Davis' Modernism as apolitical is challenged by thé ideological and Marxist aspect of his oeuvre
Delot, Sébastien. "Les galeries d’art contemporain à New York, 1941‐1993 : topographie et marché de l’art." Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20014.
Full textIn 1941, the majority of the exiled European avant-garde settled in New York and influenced the New York art scene. During this very same period, the future heavyweights of the art market emerged. In the 1960s, the Castelli Gallery was a dominant force in the art market, which was becoming increasingly internationalized through a network of alliances in the US and Europe. But to fully understand the Castelli Gallery’s influence, an examination of its relations with the Ileana Sonnabend Gallery in Paris is necessary. By analyzing the extensive, regular, and - notably – unpublished correspondence between the two, a better understanding can be gained of the preeminent role played by the Sonnabend Gallery in promoting American artists in Europe in the 1960s. The aim of this thesis is to etablish a history of contemporary art galleries in New York by assessing the role they played in the major topographical, commercial, and esthetic shifts from 1941 to 1993
Moiroux, Sophie. "L' Objet -Frontière. Art contemporain, conflits et jeux d'ontologies dans l'oeuvre de Jimmie Durham." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0156.
Full textThis thesis studies the artwork of the contemporary artist Jimmie Durham, of Cherokee origin, by looking at it following the view (on objects), of western contemporary art, and that which we tried to distinguish in Cherokee tradition. Through analyzing texts and statements by the artist and by numerous critics, as well as studying the pragmatic modalities implied by the works, some conflicts in apprehending objects are brought into light concerning the ontologies implied - especially while considering the paradigmatic transformations of objects in art and into ritual artefacts – as well as ways to engage the world (and relations to people) within these different cultures. Conflicts are present not only while considering the colonial situation perceived by the artist, but also in understanding of these artworks. The works, which are made specifically for their public, demonstrate such conflicts while aiming at communication: we can see them as efficient condensations
Matar-Perret, Roula. "Substrats, alchimie et révélations : les propositions architecturales de Gordon Matta-Clark." Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN20026.
Full textGordon Matta-Clark, an important figure of the American Art of the seventies, is mostly known for his spectacular building cuts. But he also produced a corpus of works, of great diversity : alchemical experimentations on matter, a profusion of drawings, performances or photographic constructed visions. These works are analysed in order to reveal all their architectural references. In their various forms lie hidden as much propositions on new spatial modalities that place Gordon Matta-Clark within his initial field of education, architecture
Leger, Nina. "Systèmes d’incrédulité : la perspective dans les travaux de Mel Bochner et de Robert Smithson." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080056.
Full textThis dissertation is born out of astonishment. It aims at understanding how, in the middle of the 1960s, several artists of the American avant-garde seized an object that artistic modernity seemed to have discarded for good: linear perspective.Why did this device, so tightly linked to the legacy of Renaissance art, crystallize the interest of artists whose project was to put an end to this legacy and to write a strictly American history of art? How could it fit into an avant-garde agenda? This work aims at turning what seems to be a paradox into the understanding of a symptom. This means overriding the feeling of an incongruous and reactionary comeback and understanding how perspective is called forth by a specific context that recodes it and transforms it.To do so, we focus on the works of Robert Smithson (1938-1973) and Mel Bochner (b.1940). First of all, because they are the two artists, among the avant-garde, who most engaged with perspective. Secondly, because they were both close (as friends they thought and worked together) and apart in the artistic field: Smithson drifted from Minimalism to Land Art, while Bochner moved toward Conceptual Art. This diversity helps us observe how perspective reflects several questions at stake in the artistic landscape. Three main lines of questioning structure this dissertation: highlighting what features of the artistic context trigger this return of perspective; specifying how Bochner’s and Smithson’s use of and thinking about perspective differ from this general context and reflect their particular positions; and finally, showing how they both transformed the object they conveyed, reinventing perspective rather than simply recalling it, and eluding its usual definitions to produce new ones and reveal others
Blanc, Emilie. "Art Power : tactiques artistiques et politiques de l’identité en Californie (1966-1990)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20040/document.
Full textIn 1966, the Black Power Movement, which influenced numerous other social liberation movements, signaled a paradigm shift in American activism designated by the term “identity politics.” By affirming the necessity for a political analysis of discrimination, identity politics called for profound changes in society, which also influenced the visual arts, resulting in important changes regarding the definition of art and the role of the artist in American society. By drawing on this new politics of identity, these artists incorporated activism into practice, creating original forms of expression and challenging the validity of the canon. This research project explores the encounters between visual arts and identity politics, as well as the broader relationship between art and politics, through a chronological and comparative case study of California from 1966 to 1990—a cultural context much less studied than the New York scene—in order to determine its importance for later artistic practices and discourses on identity. This thesis in Art History, to which cultural studies and feminism have made fundamental contributions, therefore proposes to establish artistic convergences around themes linked to the central premises of identity politics while at the same time highlighting new approaches in the fields of art, politics and theory
Balenieri, Camille. "L'art de résister : Chauncey Hare, photographe politique aux États-Unis, des années 1950 à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H031.
Full textThis dissertation is the first monographic study of Chauncey Hare's work and career. Born in 1934 and based in San Francisco, he is a key figure of American documentary photography. Hare's work combines the heritage of the Farm Security Administration, the influence of counter-culture, a strong artistic impetus and anti-capitalist worldview. His photographic career spans two decades, from the mid-1960 to the mid-1980s, but his success in the art world was short-lived : he achieved recognition with his book Interior America published in 1978, which eventually became a landmark for social documentary photography, but his political stance and activism complicated the institutional reception of his work. This dissertation is based on the study of Chauncey Hare's archives, stored at the Bancroft library (University of California-Berkeley) since 2000, and on a series of interviews conducted with him and other cultural players of the Bay Area. It considers Chauncey Hare's oeuvre in itsbroadest dimension, including his visual work, his texts but also his very existence as form of praxis. This large and diverse body of work is anchored in the text of 1960-70s counter-cultural California in which it was born. Art history and cultural history come together in this dissertation, whose aims are to give a first,precise, descriptive and critical overview of this body of work to deconstruct the myth surrounding the artist and to reintegrate the work in its various networks (institutional, intellectual, social). This dissertation is divided to four chronological parts, which cover Chauncey Hare's entire lifespan to date (1934-2019)
Leclercq, Christophe. "Experiments in Art and Technology : la question environnementale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010663.
Full textThe theoretical and practical activity of Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A. T.) raises a number of aesthetic problems - those posed by an organization whose aim was to facilitate and encourage collaboration between artists and engineers, both inside and outside the art world. This thesis investigates the eruption of environmental issues in art and the use made by E.A.T.'s main actors of the ambiguous concept of the environment, a concept which includes not only what surrounds us but also that which can have an influence on us. By juxtaposing and comparing what John Cage, Robert Rauschenberg and Robert Whitman had to say about their practice with key works on the infiltration of technology into our lives, we will identify an environmental approach that is part of an “explicitation” of the contemporary environment by and through art. These artists strive to highlight, through their work, the aesthetic qualities of a natural and artificial environment, the consequences of which cannot leave us untouched or indifferent. The focus on perception in the experience of this environment reflects a common interest in a 'phenomenal physics' which, even if related scientific concerns, also differs significantly from them. It is not only a question of the transformation of this pervasive environment into a perceived space but also a matter of investigating the place and role of the artist in the shaping of the human environment. Thus we see in E.A.T.'s program an activity a form of action-research focused on the individual, which envisages also the possibility not only of living in but of existing with one's environment
Zrann, Fatma. "La problématique identitaire dans la photographie noire américaine : de l'identité comme revendication communautaire à l'identité comme principe d'autonomie esthétique." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070112.
Full textThis work is a reflection of the problem of identity in photographic and more generally pictorial production. It questions Black American photographers' works and the way they portray or mask the African American reality. My aim was to study the Black identity in the sense of the African identity or African origin asserted by Black Americans and the way contemporary artists deal with it, especially in the works of Black photographers. It looks at the past and present, using various and overlapping archived images, paintings, photographs and evidence, based on real, historical or imaginary events which give an in-depth, objective analysis of complex problems related to slavery, discrimination, the existence of a Black identity and the portrayal of African Americans and other minorities in the United States in general. In the end, it's a cultural study, which looks at how Black identity takes shape across very different works in which the photographer brings into play persona! motivations and common problems
Spathoni, Anthi Danaï. "La question du paysage abstrait dans la peinture contemporaine : Cy Twombly et Gerhard Richter." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20068.
Full textIf abstraction did not kill landscape painting, how would the pictorial genre survive within the context of contemporary painting? What would be the meaning of the term abstract landscape? Under which circumstances and conditions would an abstract landscape be possible? This research tries to address these questions by investigating the paradox of a landscape which does not represent mimetically space seen from a higher point at a glance, as Fénelon would put it.The works of Cy Twombly and Gerhard Richter are used as means for this exploration since they present two different modalities of a landscape which overcomes and preserves itself at the same time. In this respect, both Twombly and Richter attempt to implement rupture and continuity: between landscape form and landscape experience within the gallery space, between western landscape tradition (Poussin, Turner, Friedrich) and contemporary American painting (Pollock,Rothko and Rauschenberg), between painting and other media or arts (poetry for Twombly, photography and literature for Richter). This way, this study is constructed by a set of contradictions which make abstract landscape possible. This abstract landscape renews landscape genre, frees it from its traditional rules and opens it to new and surprising forms
Delacourt, Sandra. "L'artiste, l'universitaire et l'historien aux Etats-Unis (1938-1968) : l'exemple de Donald Judd." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H004.
Full textThis doctoral thesis explores the conditions in which the figure of the ‘academic artist’ emerged in the USA following World War II. The intellectual and political climate for radical change in the American visual arts educational paradigm is evidenced as are its repercussions on the profound renewal of agencies involved in art history production. Importance is given to reform in higher education and the instrumental role the academic artist played in redefining academic research between the 1930s and the 1960s. Such figures were far from being merely aspirational in political terms as is apparent in their range of trajectories, their practices and goals which did not necessarily coincide. Many artists, whose names were associated with academia, contributed – some conventionally, others less predictably – to new ways of producing knowledge. Yet recognizing such individual contributions posed many more problems than the more generic celebration of the new American art personified by “educated” artists. My dissertation therefore views these issues from an epistemological standpoint, weighing what paradoxically was an academic deficit against contemporary practices in history and art history. The latter is examined through the specific case of Donald Judd and his determined stance against European philosophical idealism via the “realistic” practice of art history
Burford, Jennifer. "Vers une radicalisation du mouvement et de la continuité : Robert Breer, peintre, sculpteur et cinéaste." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010599.
Full textTo study movement in painting, various questions were raised during each art period. Artists have taken a great interest in the camera oscura as well as photography and cinematography as tools to analyze composition, framing and successive positions of subjects and objects. The interest of the avant-gardes for these questions, and the implications of research in plastic arts which followed, characterized the ongoing crisis of representation which marked a great part of the history of modern and contemporary art. This crisis often goes simultaneously along with experimenting the limits of definition and basics of each art practice, whether classical or recent. For example, Robert Breer, a contemporary American artist, is often presented as a painter who evolved towards film. As early as the fifties, he began to work with flip-books (or folioscopes), a pre-cinematographical object which allows observing the process of projection - image by image. This object structured the evolution of his research from which developed a form of displacement or shifting (in both the mechanical and psychoanalytical sense. This polysemy allowed several breakthroughs in artistic research. Breer explored three mediums - painting, sculpture and film, a polymorphous body of work where he transferred principles explored in one field to the two others. This unusual process reveals a "playful" attitude towards the limits of these mediums. In his film work, interlacing / interweaving editing techniques began to emerge. This type of montage transgressed conventional notions of movement and continuity in a radical manner and contributed to confer a specificity to experimental film
M'Rabet, Moez. "Stanislavski dans le théâtre américain : réception, transmission et évolution d'une approche du jeu théâtral." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030035.
Full textOutside Russia, it goes without saying that Stanislavski's influence in the USA, the father of the art of modern acting, has been the most important of all. Because of its intensity, its impact, its longevity as well as its capacity for overcoming a large number of obstacles ( political, linguistic and cultural), Stanislavski ' relationship to the American theatre certainly appears as an astonishing and fascinating phenomenon. However, there have been few studies about this influence taking into consideration altogether the Russian heritage and the impact of the system on the American actor, in line with the historical, aesthetic and perhaps even the anthropological perspective. This research aims at defining the processes of reception, transmission and the means of assimilation of the system in the USA. Has this adventure brought about the preservation and enrichment of the Russian heritage or, has it, on the contrary, marginalized it, distorted it or, perhaps even betrayed it? We also need to understand whether this transmission has served the American theatre and has allowed it to evolve or has harmed it by causing a true aesthetic and identity crisis which has led to the breaking-up of the American theatrical milieu into a variety of denominations, each one advocating its own interpretation of the system as it appears in the latest works in the field most of which are essentially North-American
Schütz, Marine. "Entre les lignes : dessin, illustration et pratiques graphiques dans le Pop art (1950-1975)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3104.
Full textBy 1962 with the beginning of Pop art, the iconography of illustration and advertising points the development of an art founded on graphics. Interestingly, the relations between Pop art and drawing allow to follow how the handmade practices reassess the artists’ positions towards mass culture and deal with material issues (such as manual involvement) and the meaning of iconography (counter-culture, return of the figure). Starting from the point that artistic pop economy of art owes its back and forth mouvement between manual and mechanical options to its protagonists’ artistic education, this dissertation opens with the study of drawing’s emergence in a pedagogical context. The study of the relations between drawing and mass culture wouldn’t be fully led without assessing the answer of the artists who involve in the claim for a bigger audience (with a class strategy, an iconography full of mass products and the possibilities of prints). Moreover, not only the graphic works stem from the hand, but pop drawing overwhelms the solely issue of creation processes to exist in an autonomous corpus of works, which doesn’t fall into the finalist schema. This presence points how critical may be the body, through drawing, as an image and as an action. Similary to Claes Oldenburg and David Hockney who oppose a manual tension to the social mechanized expressions – and there lay the double sense of the very notion of involvement which is to be understood in Pop art in the same time on a physical and a political level – the reinvolvement of the body by way of portrait or nude shows its solidarity with the fights in the wake of the sixties, fight for sexual liberation, or women rights
Boulvain, Thibault. "L' art en sida : les représentations de la séropositivité et du sida dans l'art américain et européen, 1981-1997." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H040.
Full textThe AIDS crisis was a major turning point of contemporary history. This work, which begins with the start of the epidemic and ends with the medicinal revolution that was triple therapy, at the end of the 1990's, focuses on the impact of AIDS on - and in the works - of American and European artists. These artists have rarely been considered together through the lens of the virus, and yet Cindy Sherman, Derek Jarman, Niki de Saint Phalle, Jeff Kaons, Gilbert & George, Jenny Holzer, Michel Journiac and David Wojnarowicz - they are ail seized by same need to represent this crisis, at a time when no representation could truly be unaffected. In these works of arts, the undercurrents of western societies - starting with the bleakest - could be made current. These images could act as a memorial, like an emblem of resistance to that which would oppose them, and as beacon of indomitable will to never give up, and to try and find a way out of a deadlock. Centred on four main parts (« The Spirit of Catastrophe» ; « Bodies of Sickness »; « Frustrated Violence » ; « Community Spirit »), which each correspond to a window into the aids crisis, four proposals are put forward in order to comprehend the artistic output of the period. Art in AIDS puts forward the possibility that the works produced at the time of the disease are as much an integral part of the history of the disease than they are a consequence of it
Midal, Alexandra. "Design par accident : pour une nouvelle histoire du design." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010644.
Full textJournée, Aurélie. "Artistes femmes, queer et autochtones face à leur(s) image(s) : pour une histoire intersectionnelle et décoloniale des arts contemporains autochtones aux Etats-Unis et au Canada (1969-2019)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0105.
Full textIn the late 1960s, the Indians of All Tribes lead a movement of social protests to get their rights to sovereignty and self-determination recognized as peoples. The American Indian Movement take over these political, social, and cultural issues. Together, Indigenous women and men start a process of emancipation that has been blocked by assimilationist US governmental policies. In Canada, collective movements also rise in the 80s and 90s, with the highest points during the Restigouche events (1984) and the Oka Crisis (1990). These major events inspire a whole generation of young Indigenous artists and women in particular, who study mostly at the Institute of American Indian Arts of Santa Fe (New-Mexico). Thanks to their education, they develop transdisciplinary artistic practices between art and ethnography that highlight the porosity and the flakiness of the borders that have been created in all the sectors by the dominant society against groups regarded as minorities. To do so, the “photographique” – that designates the photographic practice, technics and image – become a strategic technical and technological tool of reappropriation and reaffirmation of their identities and representation. These women and queer artists question, thanks to this medium, the ways they have been presented and re-represent themselves in the context of critical practices of the stereotypes that they have been facing for several centuries of cultural appropriation. It enables them to rethink their identities, the relationships to their bodies, their sexualities and genders, in terms of paradigms specific to their own spiritualities. Through artistic and political images, based on an analogy made between the violation of their rights, the exploitation of their lands and territories, and the feminicides perpetuate, they continue to take part in actual resistance movements against extractivist projects where they are again at the frontline. Based upon an iconographic corpus made of almost 200 artworks, through the 70s till now, and individual interviews with women and queer artists and militants from the US and Canada, this dissertation aims to show how these images – photographic in particular – try to set up new epistemologies in an intersectional, decolonial and anticapitalist perspective, as part of a process of reaffirmation of the inherent rights of Indigenous peoples, guaranteed by the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007)
Maillet, Thierry. "Histoire de la médiation entre textile et mode en France : des échantillonneurs aux bureaux de style (1825-1975)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0063.
Full textThe development of several forms of mediation between textile and fashion over a century and a haIf is a little-known sources of success of fashion and ready-to-wear in France. As of 1825 a designer from the Vosges mountains, Jean Claude, moved to Paris where he made sketches of proposals on behalf of its clients in Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines. He also sends samples of novelties that he identifies in Paris. In 1834 sampling becomes its activity. Established in the Sentier district in Paris, Jean Claude develops its activities toward industrials and from 1855 to schools (Roubaix) and associations of designers (Mulhouse). With a medal at the Exposition Universelle of 1878 in Paris Jean Claude's success bolsters new competition: sampling mediates the latest fashion trends towards professional textile in France and abroad. From 1920 the increased presence in Paris of buyers' offices for the department stores from New York drives the emergence of a new profession: the styling within the brand new 'bureaus of stylists ". It is also the beginning of a history in conversation between Paris and New York in the fashion world. After World War II American influence through women's magazines and productivity missions facilitates the development of women designers in Paris. In the late 1950s a first bureau of stylist is created and three others in the 1960s. Bureaus of stylist gain increasing influence thus confirming the role of mediation in the development of fashion
Jenner, Deborah. "Le spirituel dans l'art de Georgia O'Keeffe." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040138.
Full textCette thèse rassemble toutes les influences spirituelles à la base de la vision artistique d'O'Keeffe (1887-1986). Le premier volume expose les sources ésotériques de son œuvre. Les recueils de hai͏̈ku et The Livre du thé lui ouvrent la voie du Zen ; les poètes transcendantaux et la culture amérindienne, celle du monisme ; enfin, Le Secret de la fleur d'or, celle de l'alchimie. Elle trouve aussi du mysticisme dans la psychologie jungienne et dans la physique moderne. Le deuxième volume montre comment chaque élément plastique est lié au spirituel. Thought Forms de la théosophie fournit des descriptions précises d'une réalité supérieure projetée par l'esprit. Grâce à l'approche innovatrice d'Arthur Dow, basée sur l'esthétique Japonaise et la composition musicale, O'Keeffe traduit la nature en design abstrait. Son Notan et sa " vacuité " remplacent les lignes de contour et les ombres. Son style, à la fois abstrait et réaliste, fait de fleurs voluptueuses, des gratte-ciel illuminés et de canyons du Far West évoque des mirages dont les couleurs vibrantes deviennent le véritable sujet. En explorant la perception de la réalité, son art devient une pratique spirituelle. Le troisième volume présente les thèmes de ses toiles comme autant d'événements : fentes dans le néant, formations géologiques, croissance organique, construction urbaine et sensations corporelles. O'Keeffe se sert du pragmatisme et du positivisme comme moyen d'aborder l'abstrait et l'invisible Les natures mortes expriment les humeurs. Les " mindscapes " transforment les paysages. La synesthésie réexamine la perception. L'intuition évalue l'observation. L'alchimie rend interchangeables le minéral, le végétal et l'animal. La Nature se transforme en icône sacrée. Ses tableaux, maIgre leur modeste format, nous rendent conscients de la splendeur cosmique de la Création. La spiritualité de son art est jugée par son pouvoir d'éveiller le spectateur aux merveilles et de les guérir
Sung, Shin-Young. "Espace réel, espace virtuel, espace transcendantal dans l'art contemporain : le cas de Robert Irwin." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040051.
Full textThe notion of space has a strong and active meaning in Robert Irwin’s art work. He establishes a new way of appearance of space through his so-called “Site-conditioned/determined” installation by uniting the installation with the space of the existing site, whether indoors or out. The ontological status of his installation is that of a “none-object”: extremely simple in form and with a minimum of materials. He uses a black tape or a surface of semitransparent scrim. These objects are both “object shown” and “subject showing”. They play with light and shadow, catching our attention not only on themselves but also on their surroundings, including the space into which they fit. So the art piece is not only the installation itself but its circumstance with its whole architectural or natural environment. So the installation is installa(tten)tion, that is to say an installation that installs attention. Through the installation, the artist provides for the viewer a chance to have a pure sensation of the dynamic and changing appearance of space in the real world. At first sensitive to the real dimension of physical space, we discover little by little its virtual and then transcendental dimensions, as this process of pure sensation unfolds, triggered by the unusual aspect of the real space caused by the installation. A direct and living contact through a sharpened feeling, both visual and kinesthetic, with the space, awakened by the installation of Robert Irwin, makes our awareness of existing almost palpable. This awareness of existing resonates with the direct and immediate reality of the world as well as potentialities of the world’s appearance and what makes these potentialities possible: form in itself, revealed and actualized as the true nature of real space
Renard, Johanna. "Poétique et politique de l’ennui dans la danse et le cinéma d’Yvonne Rainer." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20032/document.
Full textThe multiplicity of Yvonne Rainer’s art and intellectual works - in dance, performance, film, theoretic and poetic writings - makes her one of the essential artists in the history of art. As instigator of the post-modern paradigm shift in the dance scene, she pulled out movements from everyday life and put them at the core of her choreographic work, creating a radical juxtaposition to texts, pictures and objects. In the seventies, she became one of the main figures of experimental and independent cinema. Her polyphonic and reflexive cinematographic works entered in a dialogue with feminist, queer and postcolonial theories and struggles. The present thesis explores the notion of subjectivity and emotion in the film and dance of Rainer. Indeed, she has given the impulse for a radical renewal of the use of emotional material, which she considered as a given fact and an objective reality, in the artistic practice. In a context where boredom imposed itself as the dominant emotional style in the American artistic avant-garde after 1945, the artist offered a sensitive material experience. In particular, she created an acute conscience of time and put her audience in a specific emotional disposition, boredom, that can be described as tedious, cold and ordinary altogether. Then, in echo with women’s cinema, she explored boredom both as a process of subjectivation and as a strategy of subversion. Navigating between individual and collective dimensions, this research explores the aesthetic, political and personal stakes around the expression of boredom in Yvonne Rainer’s work
Görgen, Carolin. "Out here it is different - The California Camera Club and community imagination through collective photographic practices : toward a critical historiography, 1890-1915." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC010/document.
Full textThe California Camera Club, a collective of amateur and professional photographers, most active in San Francisco between 1890 and 1915, represents a constantly marginalized organization in the history of photography and of the American West. By adopting a two-fold cultural-historical and material approach, this thesis sheds light on a largely unknown variety of Club activities and productions that served as meaningful elements to forge the identity of a remote Western community. Through its inclusive outlook, unifying more than 400 members in 1900, the Club must be considered a locally embedded organization that mobilized photography to produce an aesthetically pleasing and historically coherent narrative of the city and the state. Despite its chronological position in the period of Pictorialism and the striving for institutional recognition, the Club corpus cannot be inserted into an art-historical canon of photography. Rather, by drawing on diverse strategies of dissemination and exhibition, the members adopted a collective approach to the medium that turned the striving for institutional recognition into a desire for regional legitimation. Through an examination of photographic practices, uses, and object trajectories, this thesis traces the construction of an idiosyncratic representation of Californian culture and history by the Club, which actively assisted the state’s search for a legitimate national place. By focusing on the collective dimension of photography, the analysis demonstrates how the practice in an isolated territory led to the imagination of a community with shared aesthetic and historical understandings. The object of this thesis is to revise both linear and narrow tropes in the history of photography by broadening its geographic, sociocultural, archival perspectives
Jacob, François. "La beat generation : à la croisée des chemins de l'art et de la littérature (1944-1975)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10149.
Full textThis study exlpores the relationship between art and the "Beat Generation". It mainly focuses on the plastic works of William S. Burroughs (1914-1997), Jack Kerouac (1922-1969)and en Ginsberg (1926-1997). The field of research covers the period from 1944 to 1975, i.e. from the formation of the Group to the end of the idea of counterculture. The analysis does not limit itself to the description of the back and forth movements between literature and the arts. The "Beat Generation" writers were in fact directly connected to the art of their time and explored all kinds of plastic techniques to express themselves independently from their lierary works. In addressing the adventures of the artistic experience, the three "Beats" were confronted with the notion of "ekphrasis" and obviously prolonged an old legacy through different artistic disciplines like painting, drawing or collage
Balso, André. "Robert RYAN ou la fureur souterraine : jeu d'acteur d'une "non-star" hollywoodienne." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC008/document.
Full textRobert Ryan (1909-1973) was one of those actors who never became a movie star. However, he was not completely in the shadow of his famous contemporaries. Celebrated for his part in Edward Dmytryk’s Crossfire (1947), he was this "non-star" actor playing neurotic, violent, affirmative and disorientated film noir characters, but he was not only that. If he has been forgotten today, like most actors of his kind, he nevertheless made seventy-three movies, sometimes directed by filmmakers such as Jean Renoir, Nicholas Ray, Anthony Mann, Max Ophuls or Fritz Lang, and he also had a career in theatre and television. Through the description of some of his roles, by analyzing the peculiarity of his acting style, and trying to place him within the aesthetic history of American cinema, the following text deals with one of those underrated "Hollywood standby", that were vital to the craft of American cinema