Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Art et politique – États-Unis – 20e siècle'
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Gourbe, Géraldine. "Prolégomènes à une réflexion sur l'être-ensemble : analyse critique de la performance nord-américaine des années 70-80." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100089.
Full textWe questioned political and aesthetic links between artistic performance and feminist speeches from the critical analysis of a North American artistic and feminist collective of the seventies and the eighties, the Feminist Art Program. We located our research about art and feminism, at first, in the epistemologic context of the queer theory's spreading in North America then Europe, a theory who favoured rapprochement between performance and questions of gender identity. We considered then another reading of feminist performances by considering them to be productions being recovering from conventions, from contexts of appearance and from exchanges configurant of alternatives for a group-being. The collective experience of the Feminist Art Program is in this title a peculiar example. We finally set out to show that feminist and artistic practice is not reserved for the only problems of the woman and gender, but on the contrary participates in a global politic which question the society as a whole
Fraixe, Catherine. "Art français ou art européen ? : l'histoire de l'art moderne en France : culture, politique et récits historiques, 1900-1960." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0115.
Full textThis thesis studies a series of « histories of modern art », which circulated in France between 1900 and 1960, as a « hypertext» whose transformations can be understood as political reinterpretations of the same question, that is the form of the community they« describe ». Thus in the first half of the XX th Century, those narratives establish complex relations, and sharp distinctions, between «nation» and «Europe », «people» and «elites », «ethnic groups» and «races ». The organicist model the Third Republic favoured around 1900 and which triumphed al the Salon d'Automne would structure during three decades a narrative which referred either to the so-called psychology of the peoples or to the creative power of an elite, which according to the Action française, would save a Western Civilisation rooted in a Latin tradition. At the end of 1920s, the imperialist model of a « French Europe », dear to the maurrassians, coexisted with a narrative stressing the ethnic caracteristics of each « Europeân people ». Ln the early 30s, the political myth of a Latin Civilisation was at last dispeIIed in favour of the biological conception of a « Latin Europe » composed of ethnie groups belonging to the same « racial type ». A new « history of art» was designed to spread ideas similar to those of the diverse European fascisms. The «history of modern art », focused on international avant-gardes expressing the values of the « free world », that American and European groups tried to impose in the early 1950s, would then conflict not only with nationalist representations but also with the supranational, ethno-racial, « European » models of the interwar period
Balenieri, Camille. "L'art de résister : Chauncey Hare, photographe politique aux États-Unis, des années 1950 à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H031.
Full textThis dissertation is the first monographic study of Chauncey Hare's work and career. Born in 1934 and based in San Francisco, he is a key figure of American documentary photography. Hare's work combines the heritage of the Farm Security Administration, the influence of counter-culture, a strong artistic impetus and anti-capitalist worldview. His photographic career spans two decades, from the mid-1960 to the mid-1980s, but his success in the art world was short-lived : he achieved recognition with his book Interior America published in 1978, which eventually became a landmark for social documentary photography, but his political stance and activism complicated the institutional reception of his work. This dissertation is based on the study of Chauncey Hare's archives, stored at the Bancroft library (University of California-Berkeley) since 2000, and on a series of interviews conducted with him and other cultural players of the Bay Area. It considers Chauncey Hare's oeuvre in itsbroadest dimension, including his visual work, his texts but also his very existence as form of praxis. This large and diverse body of work is anchored in the text of 1960-70s counter-cultural California in which it was born. Art history and cultural history come together in this dissertation, whose aims are to give a first,precise, descriptive and critical overview of this body of work to deconstruct the myth surrounding the artist and to reintegrate the work in its various networks (institutional, intellectual, social). This dissertation is divided to four chronological parts, which cover Chauncey Hare's entire lifespan to date (1934-2019)
Planchou, Céline. "Entre exception et assimilation : le statut des amérindiens aux Etats-Unis à travers le prisme de la protection de l'enfance, 1950-2008." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070105.
Full textOur study is an analysis of the evolution of Indian child welfare policies since the 1950s, and more particularly of the interactions between the different levels of government involved to try and better understand the status of Native Americans in the United States. Do the power relations that are shaped participate in recognizing the special status of tribes and of Native American children or in assimilating them? Child welfare is an interesting point of view from which examining these questions given its dual component, both administrative and judicial, and given the many levels of government at play (federal, tribal, state, and local). In the middle of the twentieth century, the legal and administrative maze surrounding Indian child welfare ended up excluding tribes from the decisions affecting their children and enabled states to de facto encroach on tribal sovereignty, thus creating the circumstances for the massive removal of Native children from their families and the increasing number of placements in non-Indian foster | and adoptive families. In 1978, the United States Congress adopted the Indian Child Welfare Act which asserted the authority of tribal governments on their minor members. The federal law also recognized the power of tribes to organize for the welfare of their children and established standards for state courts and state agencies when dealing with Native American children, thus reshaping power relationships
Blanc, Emilie. "Art Power : tactiques artistiques et politiques de l’identité en Californie (1966-1990)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20040/document.
Full textIn 1966, the Black Power Movement, which influenced numerous other social liberation movements, signaled a paradigm shift in American activism designated by the term “identity politics.” By affirming the necessity for a political analysis of discrimination, identity politics called for profound changes in society, which also influenced the visual arts, resulting in important changes regarding the definition of art and the role of the artist in American society. By drawing on this new politics of identity, these artists incorporated activism into practice, creating original forms of expression and challenging the validity of the canon. This research project explores the encounters between visual arts and identity politics, as well as the broader relationship between art and politics, through a chronological and comparative case study of California from 1966 to 1990—a cultural context much less studied than the New York scene—in order to determine its importance for later artistic practices and discourses on identity. This thesis in Art History, to which cultural studies and feminism have made fundamental contributions, therefore proposes to establish artistic convergences around themes linked to the central premises of identity politics while at the same time highlighting new approaches in the fields of art, politics and theory
Renard, Johanna. "Poétique et politique de l’ennui dans la danse et le cinéma d’Yvonne Rainer." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20032/document.
Full textThe multiplicity of Yvonne Rainer’s art and intellectual works - in dance, performance, film, theoretic and poetic writings - makes her one of the essential artists in the history of art. As instigator of the post-modern paradigm shift in the dance scene, she pulled out movements from everyday life and put them at the core of her choreographic work, creating a radical juxtaposition to texts, pictures and objects. In the seventies, she became one of the main figures of experimental and independent cinema. Her polyphonic and reflexive cinematographic works entered in a dialogue with feminist, queer and postcolonial theories and struggles. The present thesis explores the notion of subjectivity and emotion in the film and dance of Rainer. Indeed, she has given the impulse for a radical renewal of the use of emotional material, which she considered as a given fact and an objective reality, in the artistic practice. In a context where boredom imposed itself as the dominant emotional style in the American artistic avant-garde after 1945, the artist offered a sensitive material experience. In particular, she created an acute conscience of time and put her audience in a specific emotional disposition, boredom, that can be described as tedious, cold and ordinary altogether. Then, in echo with women’s cinema, she explored boredom both as a process of subjectivation and as a strategy of subversion. Navigating between individual and collective dimensions, this research explores the aesthetic, political and personal stakes around the expression of boredom in Yvonne Rainer’s work
ApRoberts, Lucy. "Salariat et retraite aux États-Unis." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010047.
Full textBéland, Daniel. "Une sécurité libérale ? : fédéralisme et politique des retraites aux Etats-Unis." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0073.
Full textPiorkowski, Sandrine. "L'eugénisme et les politiques de santé publique aux Etats-Unis, 1870-1932." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10028.
Full textDescout, Emilie Céline. "Les groupes cubains à Miami, 1981-2001 : stratégies pour influencer l'opinion publique et la politique extérieure américaine envers Cuba." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE1067.
Full textSince the 1960s, Miami has become the home of the opposition groups to the Castro regime. The study of these groups from 1981 until 2001 shows that the two dominant opposition networks, that is to say the isolationists and the moderates, tried to have a political and media influence in four areas : the Cuban enclave of Miami, Cuba, the United States and the the transnational space. If the Cuban groups in Miami formed real networks and powerful lobbies, why couldn't they manage to destabilize the Castro regime ? The main hypothesis is that they couldn't form a strong opposition movement against Fidel Castro because they were divided by inner tensions that undermined the efficiency of their oppositional strategies
Paul, Frédéric. "Convergences aventureuses : l’écho des années soixante-dix californiennes sur l’art européen des années quatre-vingt-dix et autres essais sur l’art contemporain." Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383238/fr/.
Full textThe art scene in California in the late 1960s and early 1970s established favourable terrain for the investigations of a new generation of artists, even if it did not enjoy any real logistical support, be it from the art trade or from institutions. The conceptual art promoted at the same time by Seth Siegelaub in New York prepared an alternative to Minimal art. This phenomenon already had its equivalent in Europe. The dematerialization of the work of art would have decisive consequences in California, where it gave rise to a Conceptual art stripped of any dogmatism and marked by the influence of powerful personalities like Ed Ruscha and John Baldessari. East coast artists such as Douglas Huebler, William Wegman, and Robert Cumming, plus Ruppersberg in the Midwest, would find more stimulating working conditions on the other side of the United States. Europeans like Bas Jan Ader and his colleague Ger van Elk would follow the same path. Their works would not find any immediate on-the-spot visibility, but after a gap of about fifteen years, a new generation of European artists (let us mention artists like Claude Closky, in France, and Jonathan Monk, in England) leaned on those older brothers and elevated them to the rank of primary references. Using selected examples of artists and a corpus of texts put together since the beginning of the 1990s, written for various exhibition catalogues, reviews and publishers, the aim of this thesis is to introduce this dialogue between generations and shed light on certain convergences despite the disparity of institutional and societal contexts
Georgel, Pierre-Desmond. "Politique étrangère des États-Unis et politique pétrolifère de l'Aramco en Arabie Saoudite de 1943 à 1973." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030115.
Full textKorzilius, Pierre. "Soutien public et programmation de musique contemporaine en France, en Allemagne, au Royaume-Uni et aux Etats-Unis." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0100.
Full textRoesch, Laurent. "Le retour des "classes dangereuses" aux Etats-Unis : politique sociale et politisation de la loi et de l'ordre à New York, Philadelphie et Washington (1993-2003)." Metz, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006METZ002L.
Full textSince the 1960s, crime has become a major preoccupation in the United States. Blamed for violence in cities and compared to new “dangerous classes”, some groups are demonized by some of the media and disproportionately incarcerated. Starting in the 1980s, under the influence of a few conservative think tanks, the United States have moved towards a repressive penal State which benefits a number of private companies, and the social benefits obtained as part of the New Deal and Great Society programs have been gradually dismantled. Tough-on-crime policies and the welfare reform law passed by Congress in 1996 aim therefore at substituting welfare for a more repressive form of social control. In 1993, the fight against crime became a major electoral issue in New York and the new mayor made law and order and workfare his main goals. After analyzing the economic, social, and political contexts in New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, D. C. , this doctoral dissertation compares policies aimed at assisting the poor and measures intended to fight crime in these three cities from 1993 to 2003. Despite a less favorable economic and social context, the mayors of Philadelphia and Washington, rather than adopting a zero tolerance policy on the New York model, opted for successful preventive community-oriented solutions. This study also shows that workfare policies imposed by Congress, which have been much more repressive in New York than in Philadelphia and Washington, have not significantly reduced poverty and social insecurity in spite of a favorable economic climate
Hamadouche, Seltana. "Les groupe d'intérêt public américains : étendue et limites d'un contre-pouvoir." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30028.
Full textThe study of public interest groups highlights a political reality: American politics turns around a certain number of powers relating to three axes: business groups, governmental agencies and public interest groups. However, this category of groups and the “public interest movement” which represents them, remain little studied despite their impact. This thesis focuses on the analysis of this movement; by means of a historical study and an empirical analysis based on a sample of eight public interest groups, we want to demonstrate the necessity of this movement in the political system without forgetting its importance or disregarding its limits
Marcotte, René. "Politique commerciale Américaine et délégation législative, 1920-1993." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25457/25457.pdf.
Full textMichelot, Vincent. "Les nominations à la cour suprême des Etats-Unis (1937-1987) : aspects politiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10079.
Full textNguyen, Trong Thuy. "L'érosion de la puissance américaine dans le monde : élémentsd'explication." Paris 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA020079.
Full textThe only world power at the end of the Second World War, the U. S. Has known in the last fifteen years a profound change that has affected if not reversed its dominant role. If U. S. Globalism and interventionism have contributed, during the first twenty or twenty-five years of the postwar period, to maintain stability and permitted a spectacular development of the western economy, the American involvement in the Vietnam conflict has finally brought about the exhaustion of its power, with domestic as well as international implications. On the domestic plane, the country's problems have expressed themselves in the American people's drive for retrenchment, the crisis of institutions and the crisis of leadership. On the international plane, the world system has changed from the rigid bipolar configuration of the cold war period to an increasingly multipolar setting, with the emergence of new regional powers (China, but also Europe and Japan which became more than recalcitrant allies), and the revolt of small and middle-size states (energy crisis and demands for a new international economic order). Moreover, from the second-half of the 1970s, we are witnessing an incomparable expansion of soviet power and influence in the area of third world conflicts. In the face of the new soviet military threat, and with the allies unwilling to follow Washington's choices and advices, the U. S. Are inclined more and more toward unilateral action (case of the Reagan administration)
Zask, Joëlle. "Enquête sur les enjeux politiques de l'opinion publique : John Dewey et la science politique de son temps." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081421.
Full textWhat is or what should be the political function of the public in a modern liberal democracy? this work is a twofold inquiry about the correlation between the way public opinion is defined and the way democracy is construed. The first part opposes a process of depolitization of public opinion that was initiated by earlier american political science during the twenties. Backing itself on a refutation of classical liberal anthropology, this science ended up in interposing a body of experts between the public and the government. On the contrary, as shown in the second part, john dewey's philosophy aimed at reconstructing the inchoate public into the conscious, socially minded and politically active public without which the continuity of a democratic associated experience would no longer be possible. This priority forms the core of the public and its problems, the more important text of john dewey's political theory. But it's also a priority one can discover in every aspect of dewey's pragmatism: in his social psychology, which insists on the social conditions of "the development of individuality" and preludes a cultural anthropology; in his philosophy of experience, which substitutes for the determinist scheme an interaction scheme; also in his knowledge theory according to which what is known is the product of a subject activity, while pragmatic ethics shows that freedom is reached only by the individual exercising of freedom; in his education philosophy which seeks to transform the schools into an agency for promoting a community of inquirers; lastly in his political thought, which subordinates political activities to an experimental identifying of the fluctuating limit between the public and the private
Bouchard, Valérie. "L'influence des conditions économiques et de l'enforcement sur l'immigration clandestine : le cas du Mexique et des États-Unis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24068/24068.pdf.
Full textCrignon, Cyril. "Le "dripping" de Jackson Pollock et le "zip" de Barnett Newman : les deux pôles de construction du lieu dans la peinture "à l'américaine" : pour une approche philosophique de la question." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010521.
Full textQuanquin, Hélène. "Le débat sur l'avortement aux Etats-Unis et au Canada depuis la fin des années 1960 : évocation d'un conflit politique." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030045.
Full textPujoll, Claude J. "De la nouvelle frontière à la grande société : une étude de la lutte contre la pauvreté sous la présidence de John F. Kennedy et Lyndon B. Johnson." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30034.
Full textThe purpose of the research has been 1) to study the historical causes which led to the situation prevalent in 1961-68 as well as the extent of poverty in the united states; 2) to examine in depth the war on poverty declared by president kennedy and pursued by president johnson, and to explore the scope and nature of the law applicable to the poor within the constitution, primarily as that law is found in welfare codes, statutes, ordinances, programs and administrations, and to report the efforts being made by the federal, state and local governments to assist the poor; 3) to provide a critical review of the rules and procedures, doctrines and presuppositions of the law applicable to the poor within the framework of the economic opportunity act of 1964. Suggestions for improving existing systems of assistance and for entirely new ones have also been discussed
Palmiste, Claire. "L'adoption d'enfants autochtones par des familles blanches aux États-Unis : Origines et conséquences." Antilles-Guyane, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0292.
Full textThe removal of South-Eastern tribes, the criteria that define enrolment, urbanization and the boarding school systems represented what Rapahel Lemkin called: “a coordinated plan of different actions aiming at the destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the group themselves”. Theses actions impacted on Native communities, as they were deprived of their children. For from being the consequences of colonialism, the transracial adoption of Native children can be viewed as the continuity of a genocide that started with territorial expansion. Funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and managed by the Child Welfare League of America, the Indian Adoption Project which initially purported to place 395 Native children in white families encouraged adoption agencies to carry out these adoptions nationwide. In 1968, the Association on American Indian Affairs denounced that situation, bringin evidences that Native children were discriminated owing to the per capita rate of removal. In 1978, Congress voted the Indian Child Welfare Act, in order to protect the interest of the tribes and the children. It demands that Native children be placed in their communities in priority. Some States refuse to comply with the law, putting forward the concept of the “existing family doctrine”. It suggests that cultural links are more important than blood links. Our study shows a curb in the removal of Native children from 2000-2003, but the foster care placements in Minnesota are still high. The high rate of placements could be explained by family instability
Achcar, Gilbert. "L'empire et l'argent : essai sur les fondements de la stratégie impériale des Etats-Unis d'Amérique." Paris 8, 1993. http://octaviana.fr/accs-restreint.
Full textThis thesis examines the foundations of the foreign policy of the united states within the context of the current debate on the decline of the american empire. In the first section, a general framework is defined: that of the historic margin for manoeuvre at the disposal of the united states which rules out any deterministic "economist" (money) prognosis regarding the future of the empire. The current configuration of the world political system - since 1990 perceived as a "unipolar moment" for the united states (ch. 1) - leads to an examination, from a methodological point of view, of "declinist" theories as well as theories of long cycles in history, politics and in economics (ch. 2). Concepts linked to the very idea of imperial strategy are defined (ch. 3): empire, imperial, imperialism; power, domination, hegemony; and issues of hegemonic strategy. The second section section examines the driving forces of american foreign policy. A theoretical introduction deals with the analysis of the state and the question of its autonomy with respect to the dominant class (ch. 4). It leads to an analysis of the real historic process of the formation of the american imperial state (ch. 5), which brings to light the key role of the second world war. From this flows an
Wadlow, Justin S. "Sound + Vision : scène musicale et scène artistique à New York,1967-1984." Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0010.
Full textStarting with the mid seventies, New York City is in ruin, facing bankruptcy, at the same time this situation allows many artists to move in the abandoned lofts and give birth to what we can describe as the downtown art scene : bringing together pop art and pop music, following in the footsteps of Andy Warhol and The Velvet Underground. Our aim is therefore to answer the following questions : to what extent can Lou Reed or Patti Smith's pictures be considered as part of a wider form of expression involving music, stage and poetry ; how does David Byrne transpose Art & Language into the music of his band Talking Heads, how does Arta Lindsay manage to continue the work of Fluxus, how does Joe Coleman or GG Allin give a new meaning to happenings, how can Kim Gordon invent a form of feminist expression by putting together video, painting and rock; how does the Cinema of Transgression devised by Nick Zedd and Richard Kern influence feminist artists as Karen Finley and Lydia Lunch ? In little more than a decade, the art world in New York therefore moved from rages to riches, from the CBGB and The Lower East Side to Wall Street, before moving nowadays to Brooklyn
Fujie, Atsushi. "Le land art américain et les notions de pittoresque et de sublime." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010577.
Full textWe have shown the parallelism of the concepts and the images between american land art, the avant-garde movement of the XXth century, and the notions of the picturesque and the sublime, polysemiotical concepts of the XVIIIth century philosophy
Benoit, à. La Guillaume Luc. "Les discours d'investiture des présidents américains au vingtième siècle." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100005.
Full textBelabes, Abderrazak. ""Compétitivité nationale" : archéologie d'une notion et d'un débat." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0009.
Full textDiouf, Abdourahmane. "Esthétique, politique et éthique : la création littéraire dans l’œuvre romanesque de John Steinbeck." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LEMA3008.
Full textJohn Steinbeck’s works cannot be reduced to a strict aesthetic or ideological categorization. They are often studied at the crossroads of colourful styles that intermingle and clash, in order to grasp the substratum of the work behind its varieties. The challenge of this thesis is to study the link between aesthetics, politics and ethics, starting not from the writer's political positions but from the works themselves, in order to analyze the ways in which these notions can be dynamically and progressively highlighted as the work unfolds over four decades. Moving from the lyrical and picaresque novel to the social novel (particularly Tortilla Flat and the Dust Bowl Novels trilogy: In Dubious Battle, Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath), John Steinbeck makes it possible for a political critique to be constructed in his work based on a questioning of the linearity of narrative discourse. Like the form of the discourse, the narrative “content” conveys and develops a political vision that substitutes for the American Dream and its utopian “Melting Pot” a more realistic sociopolitical structure in which one perceives “two opposing classes”, by virtue of the system of capitalist domination. Steinbeck reworked the novel genre to develop a providential, humanist and anti-capitalist vision. By testing the notions of plot, protagonist (or “hero”) and temporality, he placed this political critique at the very heart of the writing process, inviting readers to take a fresh look at his more “political” works of the 1930s and 1950s, and at the links between modernism, political engagement and ecology. Although some of his works are radically contested, he has made constant use of the myth of origins. This recourse to the mythical thoughts of the founding American texts acts as a hyphen allowing him to deconstruct literarily the dominant political discourses of his society
Tremblay, Patrice. "La faillite du libéralisme et le consensus anticommuniste : l'opposition au maccarthysme à la Chambre des représentants, 1950-1954." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28584.
Full textAbouyoub, Younes. "Face à la Doxa : la mobilisation des arabes américains et la politique étrangère des Etats-Unis au Moyen Orient." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070023.
Full textThis study focuses on Arab-Americans' political participation and their mobilization to influence U. S. Foreign policy in the Middle East. I argue that Arab-Americans had to adapt gradually their political praxis to the "rules of the game" which ironically maintain them in a position of dominated subjects, since only actors whose discourse is legitimized by the social hierarchy can aspire to a political opinion. To become legitimate and be able to advance an alternative political discourse, Arab-American organizations ended up caving in to and interiorizing the established order and hence compelled themselves to a chronic inefficient political praxis. Through a thorough analysis of the endogenous and exogenous variables that characterize Arab-American political praxis, I establish that Arab-Americans are to this day unable to influence the formulation of U. S. Foreign policy in the Middle East, a policy which has never been progressive or amenable to the Aspirations of third-world peoples, which in turn refutes the theory of the pro-lsrael lobby as the main factor behind U. S. Policy in the Middle East. Finally, as long as Arab-Americans do not seriously adopt an alternative discourse, as the only way to break free from domination, and in the absence of sound alliance with other dominated ethnic minorities, they will be condemned to a chronic inefficient political praxis
Power, Susan. "Les expositions surréalistes en Amérique du Nord : terrain d'expérimentation, de réception et de diffusion (1940-1960)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010606.
Full textDonatien-Yssa, Patricia. ""Africobra" : esthétique et idéologie de l'expression plastique noire-américaine." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR2009.
Full textAfricobra, aesthetics and ideology of afro-american visual arts relates the evolution of painting and sculpture in the black community of the united states from slavery to 1960. It particularly insists on the aesthetic changes that took place during the Harlem renaissance and the revolutionary period of the 60's and 70's. This work examines the aesthetics and the ideology of the afro-american visual arts, essentially between the 60's and the 80’s. More precisely through the study of the works of the Africobra group, a group of then black artists who were deeply involved in the political struggle of the 60's and 70's and in the search for new aesthetic concepts. It also takes an active interest in the problem of the cultural identity and in the relation that exists between the ideological discourse and the pictural language, showing how the members of Africobra urged by their philosophical and political convictions have drawn from the afro-american and african traditions to create an art opened on contemporaneousness and reflecting their aesthetic aspirations
Courouble-Share, Stéphanie. "Le négationnisme et son émergence dans l'espace public : analyse comparative : France, Angleterre, Allemagne et Etats-Unis (1946-1981)." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070078.
Full textThe denial of the Holocaust is an anti-Semitic and anti-Zionist ideology originating in the second half of the 20th century which dismisses the Jewish genocide by the Nazis. Its adherents posit that the survivors, the "Jewish Conspiracy" and the Allies synchronized their version of events in creating the "lie" of the genocide in order to obtain financial restitutions from Germany and further the creation of Israel. After the end of World War II, deniers' declarations appeared principally in Europe and in North America, undergoing radicalization in the Sixties. In 1979, Holocaust deniers formed an international organization, with the next decades being distinguished by the publicity of this phenomenon and related legal proceedings. Holocaust denial evolves in relation with society. During the above span of fifty years, it appears interesting to observe ail of the reactions of politicians, associations, intellectuals, and media of numerous countries involved, France, Germany, England and the United States. Analysis of the matter necessitates reflection on the genocide's history in the collective conscience of these democracies. When faced with deniers' rhetoric; they are simultaneously confronted with the Nazi crime while some are responsible for it. On several occasions, the phenomenon becomes a political issue, with each controversy pitting the sides against each other in an effort to distinguish themselves from their adversaries. Finally, the issue has been intensified by the fact that where the denial of the Holocaust is concerned, so too is the Jewish genocide, Israel and ultimately Judaism itself, entities linked historically, symbolically and religiously
Barbut, Clélia. "Corps à l'oeuvre, à l'ouvrage et à l'épreuve : sociohistorique des arts de la performance, années 1970." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25980.
Full textTableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2015-2016
Entre les décennies 1960 et 1980 émergent les courants de l’« art de la performance », du « happening », du « body art », de l’« art corporel » ou encore de l’« art de l’action », qui désignent les démarches des nombreux plasticiens qui font directement intervenir le corps, souvent leur propre corps, dans leurs travaux. À travers les productions des acteurs qui soutiennent ces courants le corps est fabriqué comme un sujet légitime d’attention et de valeur. La thèse décrit l’émergence de ces courants artistiques pendant la décennie 1970 en soutenant qu’ils peuvent et doivent être interrogés comme des phénomènes sociaux. En effet, jamais auparavant autant d’acteurs des mondes de l’art visuel n’avaient décidé simultanément de se tourner vers le corps lui-même, et de le mettre à l’œuvre, à l’ouvrage, à l’épreuve. Interroger leurs productions du point de vue du corps peut permettre de dérouler de comprendre en profondeur la présence incisive et percutante du phénomène. Ces courants viennent poser des questions cruciales à l’anatomie du travail créateur : rapports sociaux de sexe, interactions avec les spectateurs, engagements politiques, marchandisation. L’étude, sociohistorique, focalise autour de trois scènes (France, côtes est et ouest des États-Unis) à partir d’un corpus d’archives documentaires (entretiens, critiques, essais, manifestes, notations, photographies). La thèse comprend un volet d’enquête qui mesure la reconnaissance de ces pratiques, un second volet d’histoire institutionnelle et intellectuelle qui décrit les savoir-faire et les modalités d’énonciation liés aux actions et aux événements et enfin, une topographie qui résume les modèles du corps produits par les gestes les raisonnements des artistes et de leurs commentateurs. Mots-clés : Histoire des corps, art de la performance, critique d’art, féminismes, documentation, sociologie historique.
« Performance art », « body art » and « happenings » appeared on the art scene between the 1960s and the 1980s. The human body was at the heart of these artistic movements, to the extent that many artists embodied their own works. Within such creative processes and productions, the body undeniably became a legitimate subject of attention and value. This dissertation describes the initial stages of the art movements aforementioned, and argues that they must be analyzed as sociological phenomena. Never before had such a larger of artists within the same time period decided to focus on the entity of the body itself, to use and misuse it so intensely. Observing their approaches through the lens of the body allows us to voice critical questions about the anatomy of a creative work - gender relations, interactions with the viewers, political commitments, and marketing. This sociohistorical research studies three landmark art scenes of the time (France, the east coast, and the west coast of the USA), by delving into a documentary material of archives (interviews, reviews, essays, manifestos, notations and photographs). The thesis begins with a sociological inquiry which measures the visibility of these artistic movements; it is followed by a history of the institutional and critical apparatus which described the atistic skills and statements at work within body actions and happenings; lastly, the dissertation presents a topography of the workings of the body, drawn from the artists’ performances and theoretical stances, as well as art critics’ viewpoints and analyses. Key Words : body art, avant-gardes, history of the body, feminisms, documentation, historical sociology.
Bourliaguet, Bruno. "Le conseil scientifique à la Maison-Blanche : acteurs, fonctions, pouvoirs." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27363.
Full textLa question du développement et de l'institutionnalisation du conseil scientifique de la présidence américaine constitue le coeur de cette thèse. Elle se situe au croisement de la sociologie de la science et de la sociologie politique, tout en débordant sur celles des élites, des organisations, de l'innovation et du développement durable. Elle commence par écrire l'histoire de cette institution depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale en suivant à la fois les réorganisations administratives dont elle a été l'objet et les enjeux politiques qu'elle a cristallisés. Elle le fait en l'intégrant à l'histoire plus générale des transformations marquantes de la société américaine. Cette mise en perspective permet de justifier une périodisation qui se synchronise en grande partie aux mutations qui affectent la première économie mondiale et qui divisent l'histoire du conseil scientifique à la Maison-Blanche en trois grandes époques : de 1933 à 1974, de 1974 à 1989 et de 1989 à 2016. Dans un second temps, la thèse propose une sociographie des conseillers qui travaillent au sein du bureau exécutif du président. En privilégiant l'analyse comparative entre les première et dernière périodes, cette étude révèle une modification sensible du recrutement en matière d'âge, de reconnaissance académique, de réalisation professionnelle et de représentation disciplinaire. Elle permet surtout de repérer l'apparition d'un nouveau type de conseiller, à savoir le scientifique qui a réussi une carrière d'entrepreneur en valorisant une innovation technologique. L'analyse suggère que cette évolution, comme celle des conditions formelles et informelles de l'exercice du conseil, traduit l'apparition d'un nouveau type d'intégration de la science, de la technologie et de l'économie guidée par la priorisation de la croissance et du développement. Pour mieux comprendre cette intégration, la thèse étudie ensuite les fonctions formelles du conseil scientifique et celles que l'analyse peut reconstruire. Dégagées de leur contingence, on verra que ces dernières changent peu sur l'ensemble de la période. Le conseil de la présidence sert de façon régulière à légitimer, crédibiliser et faire performer les politiques suivies par l'exécutif américain, mais surtout à officialiser des politiques pour les élever au titre de référence. Ce faisant, en même temps qu'il traduit la nouvelle fonction de la technoscience dans les domaines militaire et économique, le conseil scientifique qui s'exerce au sein de l'exécutif de la première puissance mondiale participe d'un élargissement décisif de la réflexion sur l'exercice du pouvoir, d'un élargissement de cet exercice, de la circulation de cet exercice qui accompagne sa rationalisation dans les temps modernes et qui depuis le XVIIIe siècle se cantonnait pour l'essentiel à un détour par la science de l'économie politique. Se pose alors avec acuité la question de l'étendue des pouvoirs de ces conseillers au sein du gouvernement, une question qui est traitée ici au croisement de différentes théories proposées par les politistes, les philosophes et les sociologues, de Mintzberg à Foucault en passant par Bourdieu. Même si elle conclut à la relative inaptitude du pouvoir technocratique à se cristalliser en se personnalisant, la thèse n'entend nullement minimiser sa réalité ni le pouvoir plus spécifique qu'exercent les conseillers. Elle tend en effet à reconnaître une forme particulière de pouvoir technocratique, délégué et institué par le pouvoir politique, celui des conseillers, qu'elle qualifie de « pouvoir d'influence ». Elle précise les conditions d'affirmation de cette influence, circonscrit son périmètre d'expression et discute de sa nature. De manière concrète, elle offre d'éclairer sous un jour différent les politiques actuelles de la présidence Obama conduites par des technocrates que cette administration a abondamment recrutés, comme celle d'une transition énergétique jugée vitale pour freiner le réchauffement climatique. En fait, elle dévoile les ambiguïtés de la fonction de la science dans le développement économique dit « durable ». Elle tend encore à montrer que loin de constituer un exercice moral de la démocratie, mais loin aussi de représenter une atteinte irrémédiable à ses valeurs, les biais de gouvernance découverts par l'analyse relèvent surtout de la pratique « normale » du gouvernement. Finalement, la thèse suggère de considérer les transformations qui affectent le recrutement, les fonctions et les pouvoirs des conseillers scientifiques de la Maison-Blanche comme révélatrices des mutations de la production technoscientifique et des adaptations de la stratification de la communauté scientifique américaine, phénomènes à la source de conflits en gestation.
Rannou, Agnès. "Edward Hopper et le réalisme américain." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082127.
Full textThis doctoral thesis deals with realism in American painting, most particularly in Edward Hopper's painting. American Realism may be seen as a series of trends that have been making their way through American art history. These trends answer be need to approach thouroughly the nature of both intellectual and purely material American environment, in an attempt to define it, and at the same time to stand apart from Europe so as to understand the essence of this its particular sensibility better. The themes treated by realist art in the United States find their source in everyday experience as much as in their being part of a specifically American cultural context. Edward Hopper stands at a privileged place among the most important step stones of American realist painting. He painted America with amazing strengh and precision, managing to give birth to an almost mythical image of his country. Attention was particularly paid to the following question : Edward Hopper is commonly known and spoken of as one of the most, if not the most, important American realist painters of the twentieth century, but is it still relevant today to think of him as a " realist " painter ? As Edward Hopper's work is part of a world in need of, and so continually seeking images and visual effects, a world following the rules of influences and interactions, this doctoral thesis also endeavours to show, and to understand the reasons why Edward Hopper's work, a work that translates into images the very notion of " American identity ", why his work was such an influence on that of some contemporary artists
Le, Mat Jean-Pierre. "Rupture culturelle et continuité identitaire : Porto Rico face au changement de souveraineté de 1898." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20006.
Full textIn 1898, putting an end to four centuries of Spanish rule, the United States take possession of the island of Puerto Rico and start a process of profound transformation. The aim of the present study is to explore the aspects of a cultural contact. Part 1, visions and revisions of a foundation period, 1868-1898, is a general assessment of the situation of the island at the end of the 19h century. The feelings of national identity voiced by Puerto Rican patriots in the 20th century is largely based on the idea that Puerto Rico had acquired a distinct and valuable identity before 1898. It is useful to assess the validity of such claims. The stress is laid on the diversity of images of the island at the end of the 19th century. It appears that Puerto Ricans felt a strong attraction towards the United States. Part 2, cultural problems in the new colonial environment, 1898-1930. Focuses on the reactions of Puerto Ricans to their new situation, on their attitudes to modernity and tradition. The results of three decades of intense + americanization ; seem rather limited. Are those limitations due to inertia ? To cultural resistance ? Could the approach by the united states have been wrong ? A strong national movements gathers strength during the period 1898-1930. It is led by polititians and writers who express the need to preserve and develop a specific puerto rican identity rooted in the past. Is this merely a reaction of the local elites who see their power threatened or does it mean that the people of Puerto Rico have deeply felt the need to preserve their cultural integrity ?
Laguérodie, Stéphanie. "John Kenneth Galbraith, acteur et libre interprète du keynésianisme." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0355.
Full textJabouin, Evens. "Entre péripéties, luttes et participations : l'émigration des Haïtiens en Floride et en région parisienne au cours du vingtième siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0044.
Full textWhen one mentions the question of the emigration of the Haitians throughout the world, one of the recurrent themes relating to it is that it is almost systematically associated with the years 1960, and more particularly with the advent of Papa Doc to the power in Haiti. As for the favored destinations of the Haitians, there is another recurrent theme which consists of presenting Miami as the bastion of the poor boat people, whereas Paris is regarded as the destination of a more elite Haitian migration or of the persecuted political actors. This study intends to show that what seemed true in Paris during the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century has not been the case for already a few decades. Going back to the first wave of emigration towards Cuba in the years 1910, it shows that the emigration of the Haitians precedes Duvalier, and examines the issue relating to the hosting and the settlement of recent waves of Haitian immigrants in France, in the United States and elsewhere. Regarded as undesirable, they were received rather unfavorably in their respective countries of reception. Nevertheless, recently, the Haitians abroad are shifting from their status of the undesirable poor to that of an influential and respectable group. In Florida today, the Haitians have come to be an important municipal players, elected to the head city institutions which has long been inaccessible to them. In the Paris region, the Haitians have not had equivalent electoral and political success, because they are less visible socially. But they have been, in recent years, part for a very encouraging sociocultural dynamic
Ribieras, Amélie. "Le discours socioculturel et les pratiques militantes des conservatrices aux États-Unis. Le cas de Phyllis Schlafly et Eagle Forum." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030048.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the sociocultural discourse as well as the militant activities championed by conservativewomen in the United States, through the specific example of Phyllis Schlafly (1924-2016) and her organization EagleForum. This conservative activist mobilized her peers by drawing from her personal experiences, especially in theRepublican Party, and from ideological principles crafted by the conservative movement. Her personal trajectory,between conformity to social norms and involvement in the political arena, is discussed in parallel with the rise ofconservatism and in the context of the 1960s-70s social protest. In the face of thriving social movements, and more particularly feminism, which advocated women’s liberation, conservative women also resorted to collective action in order to protect what they saw as the traditional family construct, characterized by a strict division of work by sex. In their vision, the man is meant to be the sole breadwinner, ensuring the economic viability of the home, while the woman is a homemaker, taking care of home and children. In 1972, conservative women opposed the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which aimed to secure equality between the sexesin the U.S. Constitution. Phyllis Schlafly founded STOP ERA that same year, and Eagle Forum in 1975, in order tospread the conservative message and provide conservative women, often homemakers, with an organization into whichthey could channel their activism. Phyllis Schlafly crafted a strongly antifeminist discourse that opposed the feminists’ intention to liberate women and reform the family, and she advocated for traditional sociocultural norms that she considered beneficial to women. Thanks to appropriate collective action frames, coupled with her ability to manipulate emotions, she was able to spread her ideas throughout the country, especially with the use of her newsletter The Phyllis Schlafly Report.In order to strengthen her organization and insure her legacy, Schlafly also devised collective practices such as emotionalsupport and the construction of memory, thus developing a unique militant culture. She also established herself as anabsolute leader, solely at the forefront of the conservative women’s movement
Leblond, Christian. "L'accord de libre-échange Nord Américain et l'identité culturelle américaine : discours économique et politique." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE2028.
Full textCoste, Françoise Hélène. "Le parti républicain new yorkais, ou le bastion du libéralisme républicain (1980-2000)." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30034.
Full textThe republican party from the state of new york left its print on american history as belonging to a school of thought that is traditionnaly liberal republican. Its strong positioning at the left of the ideological spectrum constitutes the logical conclusion for a party which powerfully influenced the radical and progressive movements. The liberal republican movement is usually considered to be dead, a victim of reagan's conservative revolution in the 1980s. Even if the fact that new york's actual republican party definitely relinquished its historical liberalism cannot be denied, numerous traces of this ideology still persist today. Thanks to such leaders as the mayor of new york city since 1994, rudy giuliani, or george pataki, who is the state's governor since 1994, new york's republican party still holds its ideological originality compared to the more traditional american right. Indeed, the two men combine economic conservatism and social and cultural liberalism, which represents the search for a third way in a political world which finds itself more and more polarised
Bengobeyi, Benjamin Jean-Jacques. "La France et les Etats-Unis face à l'Irak et à l'Iran de 1972 à 1982 : comparaison et relations." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H211.
Full textFrance and the United States fascinate the observer of international relations by the complexity and contradictions of their relations, as is paradoxical and sometimes explosive, the love-hate mixing (or perhaps more accurately, attraction-repulsion or friendship-voltage) they contain. This does not prevent the two countries to get together when it cornes to defending freedom. Unlike Spain or Britain, France remains the only major European country to have never been at war against the United States. Yet it is his most unruly ally. France and the US are the worst friends. Also this reflection does the ambition to analyze their relations with Iran and Iraq from 1972 to 1982, as well as prospects of cooperation or competition that resulted. However, one cannot understand these relations only if we admit beforehand that they refer to a different assessment of international situations and interests of both countries
Encrevé, Lucile. "Brice Marden, opacité et transparence." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040159.
Full textThe work of the American abstract artist Brice Marden, born in 1938, is made up of two parts outwardly distinct: paintings with monochromatic panels and pictures with a network of lines, which earlier works on paper announced. It is actually very coherent, subjected to opacity and to transparency alike. If the latter is a temptation, the opacity is always triumphant. Two actions of the artist are essential in connection with that: recovering and erasing. His works, whose titles refer to reality or to the whole art history but whose real subjects are death, melancholy, memory and presence, question the possibilities of abstract painting and declare its vitality
Aubart, François. "Pratiquer sans permis : La Pictures Generation et le contrôle des représentations (1977-1986)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080052.
Full textThis thesis studies the relations the Pictures Generation entertains with the control of, and by, representations. The term Pictures Generation refers to American artists born between 1945 and 1955, who, since the end of the 1970’s, made works reproducing or imitating images taken from movies, advertisements, television shows, magazines and other popular culture sources of idealized representations. Some of these artists reproduce pre-existing images in new contexts and on new supports. Setting the conditions of reproduction and circulation allows them to modify the original picture. Others create images, mostly photographic and cinematographic. The images the Pictures Generation artists reproduce or create are staged. They are set up to affect the spectators, to impress or convince them. Controlling the circulation and the production of images allows these artists to amplify the influence and the social norms conveyed by these representations. This drives them to take part in diffusion apparatus, to practice function, to use technics and materials without having the legitimacy required for such activities. The ambiguity of their practice lies in the fact that they use such tools and representations to criticize them
Journoud, Pierre. "Les relations franco-américaines à l'épreuve du Vietnam entre 1954 et 1975 : de la défiance dans la guerre à la coopération pour la paix." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010650.
Full textBéliveau-Beaulac, Victor Amadeus. "Conserver l'influence acquise : les États-Unis face à des dictatures amies en péril." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31905.
Full textDryansky, Larisa. "Déplacements : les usages de la cartographie et de la photographie dans l'art américain des années 1960 et du début des années 1970 : les cas de Mel Bochner, Douglas Huebler, Dennis Oppenheim, Ed Ruscha et Robert Smithson." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010557.
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