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1

Godfroy-Gallardo, Christine. "Les marchands de tableaux, experts des premiers musées nationaux en France et en Angletterre. Des appréciateurs aux compétences de conservateurs." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010545.

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L’institution d’experts officiels chargés de certifier l’authenticité de tableaux avant leur acquisition accompagne l'ouverture du Louvre. Ces commissaires assument également la gestion et le contrôle des restaurations jusqu'au milieu du XIXème siècle, même si la plupart poursuivent ; parallèlement, avec succès. leur activité de marchand, à Paris ou à Londres. Ces appréciateurs participent enfin à l'inventaire du musée sous l'Empire, puis de nouveau après les reprises alliées. malgré les critiques qui ne manquent pas de s'élever contre les estimations fantaisistes ou les attributions hasardeuses Au cours de la décennie 1840-1850, le règne des commissaires-experts s'achève au profit des conservateurs qui les supplantent au sein de l'établissement. Désormais le champ de l'expertise au musée s'avère du ressort exclusif des conservateurs. En Angleterre. deux marchands de tableaux participent, chacun à leur façon, à la mise en place du premier musée d'art national, avant que cette profession décriée ne soit définitivement exclue de la direction des musées publics
The institution of officiai experts asked to guarantee the authenticity of pictures before their acquisition follows the opening of the Louvre. These commissioners are also in charge of the management and the control of the restorations until the middle of the 19th century. even if most pursue at the same time, successfully, their trader's activity. in Paris or in London. These appreciators participate finally in the inventory of the museum under the Empire. then again after the allied restitutions, in spire of the criticisms which do not miss ta rise against the fanciful estimations or the risky attributions. During decade 1840-1850, the administration of the commissioners-experts ends for the benefit of the curators who supplant them within the establishment. Henceforth the field of the expertise to the museum falls in the exclusive hands of the curators. ln England, two art dealers participate, each in their way. in the implementation of the first museum of national art, before this slandered profession is definitively excluded from the management of the public museums
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2

Fusco, Chelsea Sloan. "A Game Theoretic Explanation of Art Auction Experts’ Pre-Sale Estimates: How Estimates Alter Auction Success." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/791.

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This paper examines the relationship between auction outcomes and pre-sale estimates. Using data from Blouin Arts Sales Index this paper examines 700 realized prices for Picasso works over the last five months of 2015. After considering many estimation inadequacies, it is determined that experts are publishing accurate and unbiased pre-sale valuations. For works unsold, the revenue lost to “buy ins” is offset by the excess revenue earned from current estimate publishing strategies.
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Barnas, Adam J. "Emotional Responses Evoked by Paintings and Classical Music in Artists, Musicians, and Non-Experts." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1417794794.

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4

Norling, Per. "Förfalskningens lockelse : Analys av två svenska brottsmål om bedrägeri och signaturförfalskning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-310205.

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The purpose of the paper is to present work patterns from two perspectives, the art expert´s and art forger´s, as the patterns can be retrieved from two Swedish criminal cases of fraud, the case "T" and the case "M". A minor purpose is to create a knowledge base extracted from literature regarding more general work patterns used by art experts when they work with attribution.   The method used can best be named descriptive. Forged artwork from nine artists are described and comments on the fake procedures are provided from buyers, forgers/sellers, middlemen (auction houses), police, prosecutors, experts, lawyers and the Stockholm District Court. The result in the paper can be summarized as follows: 1/ General work patterns with attribution: The track-paradigm is governing the expert´s work. As a start we have a time-setting, by identifying general style patterns in the artwork. Then there is a search for a possible geographical area where the work could have been created, and also a search for art schools and artist groups in that area. If a possible attribution of the work to an artist can be done, a search starts for that artist´s characteristics when it comes to motive, color selection, composition, figures, brush movements etc. Different types of physical measurements and tests can provide a complement to the qualitative analysis. The signature, if there is one, is examined and the provenance for the work is searched for. Information about the work in different archives can strengthen the results. 2/ “T” & “M” - the art expert´s patterns: All experts go directly to the alleged artist for a critical analysis of the specific work. First an overall evaluation is done, and that is often sufficient to reject the work. If necessary, details in the work are examined. If a signature is present, it is examined and compared with genuine ones. In some cases, technical studies are used to reach a definitive verdict. The police focus is to identify inaccuracies and fakes in the sales information, and to show efforts to hide information.    3/ “T” & “M” - the forger’s patterns: Art works from recent years are used as models for the creation of pastiches. Craftsmanship is toned down. Pitfalls are being circumvented by selection of genuine material ingredients and selection of secure image content related to the chosen artist. There is a thorough work with information creation to ensure the prospective buyer's desire for proof of authenticity. In parallel there is a work with cover up, and to secure information gaps.
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5

Billet-Coat, Sophie. "Apports à l'acquisition interactive de connaissances contextuelles : SAPIENS, un système pour la translittération de textes hiéroglyphiques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20213.

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La these presentee propose un paradigme d'acquisition de connaissances dedie a une expertise dite acquise par conditionnement qui retrace les connaissances reactionnelles qu'un expert a pu acquerir au cours de son experience. L'etude du systeme sapiens (systeme d'acquisition guide par l'interaction et les experimentations), dedie a la translitteration de textes hieroglyphiques egyptiens, nous a permis de developper des techniques de construction des differents modeles. Les modeles de resolution de problemes et de revision de connaissances sont empruntes a la methodologie kads tandis que le modele d'interaction est issu de l'apprentissage automatique. Nous decrivons egalement l'architecture logicielle multi-agents de sapiens et sa realisation dans le langage de programmation concurrente oriente objet actalk qui est un derive de smalltalk
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6

Cormery, Lise. "L'Art en France de 1959 à 2000. Etat, Marché, Politique, Société et Communication. : socio-politique. Action et communication poplitique des beaux-arts. Sociologie. Artistes, commisaires-priseurs, marchands, experts, critiques des impressionnistes à l'an 2000. Communication. De la tradition aux nouvelles technologies et Internet." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070021.

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Tome I Politique. La France a perdu son aura "de Terre des Arts". Pourquoi ? Est-elle pays de création, de destruction ou d'accueil des Beaux-Arts ? L'Etat régalien récupère, sauve ou détruit l'art ? Depuis la création du Ministère de la Culture par de Gaulle et Malraux en 1959 jusqu'à l'an 2000, tous les Présidents de la Ve République ont imposé aux artistes, des ministres de la culture. Est-ce un avantage ou une dictature socio-politique ? Quel est le profil socio-politique et culturel des présidents et de leurs favoris ? Sont-ils des "Homo Politicus" héros ou des hérauts, des créateurs de mythes ? Privilégient-ils la communication ou l'action ? Les français et les acteurs de l'art seraient-ils victimes d'une société civile schizophrène ou bénéficiaires d'un système équilibré ? L'aliénation idéologique et de facto des dictatures multiples : Etat omnipotent, Déesse Raison, prolétariat, centralisation, technocratie, chasse aux indépendants laminent-ils la démocratie ?. .
Why did France lose its past aura as the number one nation devoted to fine arts ? Is she now welcoming, creating or destructing them ? Does our regalian governance save, take advantage or destroy art ? Since the creation of the Ministry of Culture by Malraux and De Gaulle in 1959 all governments have nominated a minister of Culture. In 2000, is such an institution for the better or some kind of a dictatorship ? What are the cultural and sociopolitical profiles of our Présidents and the ministers they have chosen ? Are they political heroes or plain media specialists ? Do they act or do they communicate ? Are the people devoted to fine arts trapped into a schizophrenic society or do they benefit with a well-balanced political system ? Are certain ideological alienations and de facto tyrannies like dictatorships of proletariat, technodemocracy, centralization by civil servants and officials, as well as the cult of the Goddess of Reason, Satism, and the with-hunt of free-minded people annihilating democracy as well as apolitical and independant "free ARTists" ?. .
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7

Johnson, Nicola F., and nicola johnson@deakin edu au. "Teenage techological experts: Bourdieu and the performance of expertise." Deakin University, 2007. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20071107.113906.

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This thesis explores the construction of technological expertise amongst a heterogenous group of New Zealand teenagers, specifically in regard to their home computer use, which for many of them is their primary site of leisure. This thesis explores the field in which these teenagers are positioned, and explains the practice constituting that field. In this field, the trajectories towards expertise are explained including the time, experimentation, and pleasure evident in their praxis. The qualitative study involved observations and interviews with eight teenagers aged 13 – 17. Five boys and three girls participated and each attended one of various secondary schools located within a provincial city in New Zealand. All of the participants considered themselves to be technological experts, and their peers and/or their family supported this comprehension. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s socio-cultural theories, the capital (cultural, economic, social) and habitus of the teenagers are described (habitus being what makes them who they are, and continues to define who they are in the future). Chapter five centres on explaining the field the teenagers have positioned themselves in, namely the field of out-of-school leisure and home computer use. It also explores the construction and performance of technological expertise within the field. Chapter six examines traditional views of schooling and expertise, and contrasts these views with what the teenagers think about their learning and expertise. This gap is specifically explained with regard to differences between the concepts and value of learning, expertise, and technology, and how they are recognised and valued differently between generations. Chapter seven explores the praxis that the participants exhibit, which is arguably misrecognized by those whose interests are in the established order (e.g. institutional, societal structures). The field they are placed in is arguably part of the broader field of education, yet the findings suggest their capital is misrecognized by digital newcomers, and therefore not legitimated. This thesis concludes that the gap between teenager and adult understandings of expertise is exacerbated in the digital world in which the teenagers position themselves. Their schooling is mainly positioned in the print culture of previous generations and consequently, in the lives of these teenagers, schooling has had little influence on the development of their technological expertise. Additionally, gender has had little impact in their development of expertise; therefore stereotypical notions of female underachievement as computer experts are contested.
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Ung, Teresa. "Idea-Generation: Exploring a Co-creation Methodology Using Online Subject Matter Experts, Generative Tools, Free Association, and Storytelling During the Pre-Design Phase." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1236829537.

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9

David, Jean-Marc. "Les systèmes experts de seconde génération : contribution à une ingénierie de la connaissance /." Paris : Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35691552t.

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10

Cayuela, Rafols Marc. "Algorithmic Study on Prediction with Expert Advice : Study of 3 novel paradigms with Grouped Experts." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254344.

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The main work for this thesis has been a thorough study of the novel Prediction with Partially Monitored Grouped Expert Advice and Side Information paradigm. This is newly proposed in this thesis, and it extends the widely studied Prediction with Expert Advice paradigm. The extension is based on two assumptions and one restriction that modify the original problem. The first assumption, Grouped, presumes that the experts are structured into groups. The second assumption, Side Information, introduces additional information that can be used to timely relate predictions with groups. Finally, the restriction, Partially Monitored, imposes that the groups’ predictions are only known for one group at a time. The study of this paradigm includes the design of a complete prediction algorithm, the proof of a theoretical bound of the worse-case cumulative regret for such algorithm, and an experimental evaluation of the algorithm (proving the existence of cases where this paradigm outperforms Prediction with Expert Advice). Furthermore, since the development of the algorithm is constructive, it allows to easily build two additional prediction algorithms for the Prediction with Grouped Expert Advice and Prediction with Grouped Expert Advice and Side Information paradigms. Therefore, this thesis presents three novel prediction algorithms, with corresponding regret bounds, and a comparative experimental evaluation including the original Prediction with Expert Advice paradigm.
Huvudarbetet för den här avhandlingen har varit en grundlig studie av den nya Prediction with Partially Monitored Grouped Expert Advice and Side Information paradigmet. Detta är nyligen föreslagit i denna avhandling, och det utökar det brett studerade Prediction with Expert Advice paradigmet. Förlängningen baseras på två antaganden och en begränsning som ändrar det ursprungliga problemet. Det första antagandet, Grouped, förutsätter att experterna är inbyggda i grupper. Det andra antagandet, Side Information, introducerar ytterligare information som kan användas för att i tid relatera förutsägelser med grupper. Slutligen innebär begränsningen, Partially Monitored, att gruppens förutsägelser endast är kända för en grupp i taget. Studien av detta paradigm innefattar utformningen av en komplett förutsägelsesalgoritm, beviset på en teoretisk bindning till det sämre fallet kumulativa ånger för en sådan algoritm och en experimentell utvärdering av algoritmen (bevisar förekomsten av fall där detta paradigm överträffar Prediction with Expert Advice). Eftersom algoritmens utveckling är konstruktiv tillåter den dessutom att enkelt bygga två ytterligare prediksionsalgoritmer för Prediction with Grouped Expert Advice och Prediction with Grouped Expert Advice and Side Information paradigmer. Därför presenterar denna avhandling tre nya prediktionsalgoritmer med motsvarande ångergränser och en jämförande experimentell utvärdering inklusive det ursprungliga Prediction with Expert Advice paradigmet.
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Fisher, Jennifer M. "You Are How You Speak: A Discursive Study of Experts and Expertise in Pediatric Pain Assessment." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1479823947632025.

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Li, Tam Soi-cheng Mary. "A case study of expert art teachers in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38626858.

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Thomsen, Dana Christine, and n/a. "Community-Based Research: An Opportunity for Collaboration and Social Change." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050323.174017.

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Natural resource managers are facing increasing challenges as environmental degradation accelerates and the need to integrate a broad spectrum of community experiences into management decisions is increasingly recognised. To help meet these novel challenges, this study explores how professional researchers and communities can combine their skills and learn to work in partnerships to achieve shared management goals. Community-based research involves people as citizen scientists, whereby citizens actively participate in research on local issues. The inclusive nature of community-based research has the ability to produce auxiliary benefits uncommon in conventional research. These include the development of social capital and social learning as the practice of citizen science empowers communities with new skills, knowledge and social networks, thus building capacity within communities to take an effective role in natural resource management. Community-based research also has the potential to enrich the range of management options available by increasing the breadth of accessible knowledge. However, despite much rhetoric about democratising science, little is known about the practice, value and problems of involving citizens as collaborators in natural resource management research projects. This thesis presents the findings from a comparative survey of the attitudes to community-based research held by 'citizen' scientists, on the one hand, and 'expert' scientists and natural resource managers, on the other. It also draws upon a multi-site case study, set in a diverse urban-rural catchment, where an integrated research program was established for different natural resource management agencies to work with each other and community groups to develop research protocols so that community groups could participate in assessing the health of catchment areas. This involved scientists, natural resource managers and community education/extension officers working with established community groups to develop and trial modified scientific methods for the environmental monitoring of catchment and estuarine areas. This inter-agency/community project was continued as a case study site into the second and third years of research and was augmented in the second and third years by focusing on two of the initial community groups as second and third case study sites in their own right. Synthesis of both survey and case study analysis reveals that, despite resource and attitudinal barriers, community-based research can ensure access to local knowledge and increased relevance of research. In addition, many participants most valued the increased feeling of connection towards their local environment and community. I argue that citizen/expert collaboration is key to successful community-based research and best achieved in an atmosphere of mutual respect where all participants are seen as co-researchers. However, participatory intentions are unlikely to be acted upon without sufficient opportunity. Thus, the process of research must be re-defined from that associated with positivist science to include a greater range of participants and activities in an adaptive manner. This more inclusive and reflective approach seems most likely to ensure the quality and utility of research data, the knowledge sharing and social learning, and the enjoyable atmosphere that underpin successful citizen/expert interactions. Certainly, the ability to draw upon and create social capital is vital. The integration of these findings enabled the development of guidelines for effective collaboration between citizens and experts when addressing catchment management issues and undertaking participatory research.
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Li, Tam Soi-cheng Mary, and 譚瑞菁. "A case study of expert art teachers in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38626858.

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Kazlauskas, Alanah, and res cand@acu edu au. "The Dynamics of Expert Work: A case study of anti-doping laboratory directors." Australian Catholic University. School of Business and Informatics (NSW), 2007. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp142.08052008.

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As humanity is increasingly confronted by shared, complex, multi-faceted problems, experts with particular knowledge and expertise are called upon to develop solutions which can be implemented internationally. Such a role requires that experts work alongside professionals from a variety of different fields as well as creating the necessary knowledge and skills to solve the problems at hand. This thesis presents the outcomes of grounded research into the dynamics of expert work based on a case study of the scientific directors of accredited sports anti-doping laboratories. The study addressed questions about how both the directors and their stakeholders viewed the work of these scientific experts. It also investigated how these experts maintained their expertise in the rapidly changing context of doping in sport. The research design integrated the methods of case study, grounded theory and developmental work research. Qualitative data was elicited using a combination of standard qualitative research methods such as semi structured interviews, surveys and participant observation, and an adaptation of the activity theory based developmental work research methods. The results of data analysis were interpreted using the theoretical frameworks of Activity Theory, Communities of Practice and the complexity based Cynefin model of organic sensemaking. The subsequent development of a grounded theoretically informed model pointed to the existence of multiple objects for expert work and the critical role of a trusted, private, shared space for the development of individual and collective identities, the expansion and application of validated knowledge within the field and the establishment of a shared and informed base from which experts can engage with other professional groups working in the field. The model identified relationships between the volume of routine processes within a workplace and both the extent of knowledge-generating research work and the development of an awareness by experts of the benefits of greater participation with other stakeholders in the broader problem context. This international study also provided insights into the complex, evolving and emergent nature of multi-stakeholder activity and identified avenues for further research into the optimum dynamics of inter-agency working in both local and global contexts.
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Dawson, Jane. "Visceral and behavioural responses to modern art : influence of expertise, type of art and context." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2016. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/30240/.

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Art is one of life’s great joys, whether beautiful, ugly, sublime or shocking. Whilst neuroimaging studies using visual art as stimuli have yielded a wealth of information regarding aesthetic appreciation and beauty, few have considered a wider range of emotions or the effect of expertise and context. In order to address this three studies were conducted. The first studied the time course of visual, cognitive and emotional processes in response to visual art by investigating the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited whilst viewing and rating the visceral affect of art, in artists and non-artists. The second, behavioural, study questioned the ecological validity of using reproductions of art. Contextual differences in arousal, aesthetic response, viewing time and memory, were explored. The final study aimed to extend the findings of the first two. Continuous EEG was recorded to explore effects of expertise and context on phase synchrony bands during the contemplation of art in a gallery. Behavioural measures and structured interviews were employed to examine the impact of contemplating art on subjective feelings, mood and memory. A number of negative environmental factors adversely affected collection and validity of the continuous EEG data, which was not considered further. There were three prominent findings. First, looking at art is interesting and rewarding, particularly for experts. It is not dependent on aesthetic preference, although expertise is important regarding the appreciation of abstract art. Second, the response to art is not isolated from the context in which it is experienced, whether the physical context of a gallery vs. laboratory, or original vs. reproduction. Finally, both the prospect of looking at art and contemplation of art, whether original or reproduced, increases calmness and contentedness and decreases alertness, irrespective of expertise. Interest and curiosity are the dominant factors eliciting positive mood and positive emotions. Looking at art is relaxing and is good for you.
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Aiken, Andrew. "AKT-R4 a diagnosis tool." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25223.

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Kampa, Simon. "Who are the experts? : e-scholars in the Semantic Web." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/257222/.

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Scholarly research is the sum of diverse activities and leads to the dissemination of a large amount of material. Traditional approaches to exploring and becoming proficient within an esoteric research field rely on slow and sometimes ineffective discourse, and depend more on a scholar's detective skill, effort, and perseverance. However, the Web has introduced the potential for improved accessibility, interconnectivity, and more efficient and effective communication; we are becoming e-Scholars. Current efforts on the Web have focussed mainly on improving the accessibility of on-line research material and as a result, researchers have yet to realise the full implications of the new medium. Consequently, the emphasis must shift to improving and enhancing access to scholarly material; this research proposes a novel approach by presenting researchers with the facility to comprehensively, extensively, and rationally explore their research field and ask intricate questions about it and the individual facts and issues raised by it. This is realised through the integration of principles from the hypertext, Semantic Web, and digital library fields to interconnect and analyse all scholarly material in the academic domain. The e-Scholar Knowledge Inference Model (ESKIMO) demonstrates the approach and provides a platform for evaluation and further research.
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Vautier, Eigenmann Muriel. "La responsabilité civile pour la certification de produits et d'entreprises en droit suisse : contribution à l'étude de la responsabilité des experts et autres professionnels à la lumière de droits européens et américains /." Zurich : Schulthess, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40228764b.

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McComb, Don E. "Mediating modernism : the expert discourse on art and advertising in the 1920s." Diss., University of Iowa, 1994. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5357.

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Evard, Michele Joelle Pezet. "Twenty heads are better than one : communities of children as virtual experts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61096.

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Ho, Tu Bao. "Systèmes experts et analyse de données." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605937d.

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Erabelli, Prasad Rao 1962. "EXPERT SYSTEM FOR DESIGN OF ARC WELDING (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291579.

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Sainati, Gilles. "Décentralisation et systèmes experts applications d'urbanisme communal /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600965f.

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Desreumaux, Marc. "Détection d'incohérences potentielles dans des bases de connaissances." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604506s.

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Jayatilleke, Gaya Buddhinath, and buddhinath@gmail com. "A Model Driven Component Agent Framework for Domain Experts." RMIT University. Computer Science and Information Technology, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080222.162529.

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Industrial software systems are becoming more complex with a large number of interacting parts distributed over networks. Due to the inherent complexity in the problem domains, most such systems are modified over time to incorporate emerging requirements, making incremental development a suitable approach for building complex systems. In domain specific systems it is the domain experts as end users who identify improvements that better suit their needs. Examples include meteorologists who use weather modeling software, engineers who use control systems and business analysts in business process modeling. Most domain experts are not fluent in systems programming and changes are realised through software engineers. This process hinders the evolution of the system, making it time consuming and costly. We hypothesise that if domain experts are empowered to make some of the system changes, it would greatly ease the evolutionary process, thereby making the systems more effective. Agent Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) is seen as a natural fit for modeling and implementing distributed complex systems. With concepts such as goals and plans, agent systems support easy extension of functionality that facilitates incremental development. Further agents provide an intuitive metaphor that works at a higher level of abstraction compared to the object oriented model. However agent programming is not at a level accessible to domain experts to capitalise on its intuitiveness and appropriateness in building complex systems. We propose a model driven development approach for domain experts that uses visual modeling and automated code generation to simplify the development and evolution of agent systems. Our approach is called the Component Agent Framework for domain-Experts (CAFnE), which builds upon the concepts from Model Driven Development and the Prometheus agent software engineering methodology. CAFnE enables domain experts to work with a graphical representation of the system , which is easier to understand and work with than textual code. The model of the system, updated by domain experts, is then transformed to executable code using a transformation function. CAFnE is supported by a proof-of-concept toolkit that implements the visual modeling, model driven development and code generation. We used the CAFnE toolkit in a user study where five domain experts (weather forecasters) with no prior experience in agent programming were asked to make changes to an existing weather alerting system. Participants were able to rapidly become familiar with CAFnE concepts, comprehend the system's design, make design changes and implement them using the CAFnE toolkit.
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Kuo, Shih-Ping. "Graphic Design Students' Development of Adaptive Expertise in Ideation Strategies." Thesis, Purdue University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10843121.

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This exploratory study uses the convergent design of mixed methods to integrate adaptive expertise theory to study how individual student participant from graphic design or non-graphic-design majors to solve a novel ideation problem in graphic design. Adaptive expertise includes six dimensions: metacognition, flexibility, dynamic knowledge, ability to welcome challenges, efficiency and deep understanding of the domain knowledge, and multiple perspectives. Those are desired qualities for a learner to stand out in the global market that are constantly changing with complex challenges. Thirty undergraduate students participated in this study. This study aims to answer four questions: types of graphic design tool and strategies selection and reasoning, similarities and differences among four participant groups, influences of participants’ performance from the prior-experiences, and other potential preconceptions and situations to their reasoning. Four results are identified. Frist, 11 rationales contributed to participants to make their tool usage decision and strategies. Second, participant with more varieties of prior experiences in graphic design would potentially have significantly higher confidence level in their adaptive expertise. Third, participants who performed better in this study, obtained more thorough reflection in design thinking. This result shows that this task requires domain-dependent expertise. Forth, participants’ performance found affected by several non-cognitive preconceptions such as uncertain challenges, adapting in the new work space, and stress management. Future studies need to increase the number of participants to potentially increase statistical significance of the results, and to identify the relationship among factors that affect participants’ performance and exhibition of adaptive expertise. Implications of this study suggests the need to expose learners to diverse types of graphic design experiences and novel tasks/contexts.

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28

Glazek, Kuba. "VISUAL WORKING MEMORY AND MOTOR PROCESSING CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH EXPERTISE IN VISUAL ART." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/204607.

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Psychology
Ph.D.
The concept of novelty has important implications for theories of cognition, as familiar objects are categorically distinct from novel ones; accessing a stored representation of a known stimulus influences perception in a way that is precluded for a novel stimulus. The experiments that constitute this dissertation shed light on the perception-action cycle, as it is a persistent feature of human life; we see things and we act upon them. When those things are novel, how does cognitive processing change? Specifically, how do people who deliberately practice seeing things act upon them, and are there observable differences between trained and "casual" perceivers' perceptual processing? Some argue that any processing advantages possessed by experts are limited to objects or relations among objects within an expert's particular domain of expertise. However, a central point of contention revolves around what exactly constitutes a domain in the first place. Expertise may boil down to a long-term memory advantage for deliberately-practiced categories of stimuli, or to a heuristic that is only applicable to one trained goal or category of goals, or to a heuristic independent of task that can be applied to any novel situation. The present set of experiments examined visual cognition with the perceptual goal of fine-motor output (i.e., accurate sketching) as a candidate for a domain of expertise that confers advantages in visual perception in general. The extent to which visual processing is altered in expert visual artists was examined; whether they are more efficient only at sketching images of familiar stimuli, or whether their advantage extends to other visual cognition tasks. Familiarity and complexity of stimuli were manipulated, as were the goals of perception, including sketching and recognition. Finally, retention durations were manipulated before responses or sketches were made in order to examine the limits on experts' advantage on tasks that are known to tax the perceptual system. Results suggest that expertise in visual art confers a robust visual cognition advantage that generalizes beyond a narrowly-defined domain of expertise.
Temple University--Theses
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29

Liu, Joyce Fang Chieh. "Expertise Diversification and the Transformation of the Field of Contemporary Chinese Art: 1979-2012." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11128.

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The decentralization of cultural production in China coincided with the introduction of economic and political reforms in 1979. The subsequent shift from a system of state propaganda production towards a market-oriented dealer-critic system of cultural production required a wider range of expertise beyond deep knowledge of the Western modern art canon or domain expertise. This dissertation investigates how the field of contemporary Chinese art (CCA) is constituted and transformed through a division of labor that reflects varieties of expertise using empirical data from 89 in-depth interviews with leading cultural professionals working in the CCA field, historical archival records, and participant observation. The study revises the conventional conception that domain expertise consistently shapes cultural fields. The main finding is that the kinds of expertise used are associated with how the CCA field has developed over the past three decades. Cultural professionals mobilize non-cultural expertise as well as cultural capital to enlist international support for CCA, establish aesthetic value, and extend the boundaries of cultural organizations that filter and deliver CCA to a broad audience. These results reinforce the agency perspective in institutional studies. Individual actors drive change in the CCA field while being embedded within it. Overall, the transformation of the field of contemporary Chinese art encompasses pragmatic adaptations to environmental shifts in resource distribution, the availability of new technologies of cultural production, and wider political and economic transformations.
Sociology
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30

Reyes, Felipe Alejandro. "Are all new market entry strategic dimensions equally relevant?: insights from some chilean experts?" reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15135.

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This thesis looks into the strategic dimensions that Multi-National Companies (MNC) consider when they start the operation in a new country in Latin America and if all have the same weight or relevance when doing the strategic decisions as a guide to land onto a new country. Understanding the weight that MNCs gives to them can prompt to understand the reasons behind the success stories, the struggles - and even failures - that some companies had in the aforementioned region. The approach was via an initial analysis of the scholar bibliography in order to define three main dimensions in the models or frameworks that deal with the strategy used to land. After this, and through interviews, was found out how relevant are each of them for their companies, how they weight them and if there were other dimensions considered. The question that this thesis contributes to understand is if all new market strategic dimensions are equally relevant for a MNC when arriving to Latin America. The results show a predominance of the cultural aspect and in second place, the considered entry strategy (alliances, speed, size, etc.).
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31

WM, Pooya Caroline, and Johanna Östlund. "Socialtjänstlagen i mötet : Socialarbetarens möjligheter för att stärka individens egna resurser." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för sociala studier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-11740.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the resources and barriers that social workers have incorporating the Social Service Act states during meetings with clients, using and developing the client's skills and knowledge, develop their own resources and to promote the use of self-determination. A qualitative study was done by interviewing six social workers working within the in social service’s department for family and individual welfare. Social workers were encouraged to describe and discuss the key aspects of cases that developed positively respectively negatively. Motivation theory, evidence-based practice, empowerment, and expert-expert relationship are the theories and concepts that we used to analyze the material. The study's main conclusion is that the most important prerequisite for positive development of cases is that the social worker emphasizes and stimulates the client's own resources during meetings. Both during analysis and treatment, it is important to allow for client self-determination, life story and personal skill. When this occurs motivation and increased willingness to change are stimulated in the client. The results also paint a complex picture of resources and barriers, both within the social worker and the client, which affect the development of a case. The survey shows that motivation, self-determination, voluntariness, sustainability, time, resources and the strengthening of good relations is important factors for the incorporation of the Social Service Act states.
Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka socialarbetarens möjligheter att i mötet med klienter införliva socialtjänstlagens portalparagraf. En kvalitativ undersökning gjordes genom intervjuer av sex socialarbetare inom socialtjänstens individ- och familjeomsorg. Socialarbetarna uppmuntrades att beskriva och berätta om de viktigaste aspekterna i ett ärende som utvecklades positivt respektive negativt. Motivationsteori, evidensbaserad praktik, empowerment och expert- expert förhållande är de teorier och begrepp som vi använt för att analysera materialet.   Studiens främsta slutsats vad gäller positiv utveckling i ärenden är att socialarbetaren ska lyfta fram klientens resurser i mötet. Både i utredning och i behandling är det av vikt att ge utrymme för klientens självbestämmande, livsberättelse och kunskaper. Då detta sker skapas motivation och ökad förändringsbenägenhet hos klienten. Resultatet målar även upp en komplex bild av resurser och hinder hos socialarbetaren och klienten, som påverkar ett ärendes utveckling. Undersökningen visar att motivation, självbestämmande, frivillighet, långsiktighet, tid, stärkande av resurser och en god relation är viktiga faktorer för införlivandet av socialtjänstlagens portalparagraf.
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32

Thurman, Scott. "Standing Up to Experts: The Politics of Public Education." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc67944/.

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In a small room in Austin, Texas, a group of 15 people are single-handedly deciding what is taught to the next generation of American children. The highly politicized 15 member Texas Board of Education is currently going through the once-in-a-decade process of rewriting the teaching and textbook standards for its nearly 5 million schoolchildren. Texas is also unbelievably influential on the standards that textbook publishers use as a basis for their textbooks nationwide. Over the last 10 years, the textbooks adopted by this board found their way in upwards of 65% of American classrooms. My goal is to shed light on this important issue and the key players in this process - I explain their goals, explore the scope of their influence, and delve into the personal motivations behind their actions, which will affect public education throughout the country.
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33

Vicario, Niko (Nicholas Klein). "Import/export : raw materials, hemispheric expertise, and the making of Latin American art, 1933-1945." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101545.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Illustrations on pages 242 to 288 redacted.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 290-313).
Historians have tended to characterize Latin American art either as a self-evident term or as a category designated by U.S. institutions. This dissertation argues instead that artists from the region were agents in shaping this emerging field through their selective cooperation with, and resistance to, the United States' Good Neighbor Policy networks. Artists, haunted by criticisms that art in Latin America was a "cultural import" from Europe, engaged with a U.S. market that treated their art as a source of "exportable prestige." This dissertation analyzes the entanglement of this cultural discourse of import/export with the mechanisms of commerce as a new paradigm for thinking about Latin American art. The period that is the focus of this dissertation-l 933 to 1945-represented a transitional era between Latin America's "export age" (1870-1930) and postwar modernization, import substitution industrialization, and the birth of what would come to be known as developmentalism (desarrollismo). Framed by the Great Depression and by World War II, this "long decade" was coeval with the Good Neighbor Policy, in which the nations of the Americas pledged non-intervention in the hemisphere and more intimate commercial and cultural ties. Through case-studies of Candido Portinari, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Joaquin Torres-Garcia, and Nelson Rockefeller, the dissertation places special emphasis upon the relationship between materiality, raw materials, and import substitution industrialization in analyzing works of art and the networks in which they were mobile.
by Niko Vicario.
Ph. D.
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34

Taylor, W. A. "Generation of welding procedures for the submerged arc process using expert system techniques." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381901.

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35

Ho, Kuo Chu Gaston. "Un Système expert en phonologie." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598338h.

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36

Giacometti, Arnaud. "Modèles hybrides de l'expertise /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35586107q.

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37

Wang, Xin, and n/a. "Research of mixture of experts model for time series prediction." University of Otago. Department of Information Science, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070312.144924.

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For the prediction of chaotic time series, a dichotomy has arisen between local approaches and global approaches. Local approaches hold the reputation of simplicity and feasibility, but they generally do not produce a compact description of the underlying system and are computationally intensive. Global approaches have the advantage of requiring less computation and are able to yield a global representation of the studied time series. However, due to the complexity of the time series process, it is often not easy to construct a global model to perform the prediction precisely. In addition to these approaches, a combination of the global and local techniques, called mixture of experts (ME), is also possible, where a smaller number of models work cooperatively to implement the prediction. This thesis reports on research about ME models for chaotic time series prediction. Based on a review of the techniques in time series prediction, a HMM-based ME model called "Time-line" Hidden Markov Experts (THME) is developed, where the trajectory of the time series is divided into some regimes in the state space and regression models called local experts are applied to learn the mapping on the regimes separately. The dynamics for the expert combination is a HMM, however, the transition probabilities are designed to be time-varying and conditional on the "real time" information of the time series. For the learning of the "time-line" HMM, a modified Baum-Welch algorithm is developed and the convergence of the algorithm is proved. Different versions of the model, based on MLP, RBF and SVM experts, are constructed and applied to a number of chaotic time series on both one-step-ahead and multi-step-ahead predictions. Experiments show that in general THME achieves better generalization performance than the corresponding single models in one-step-ahead prediction and comparable to some published benchmarks in multi-step-ahead prediction. Various properties of THME, such as the feature selection for trajectory dividing, the clustering techniques for regime extraction, the "time-line" HMM for expert combination and the performance of the model when it has different number of experts, are investigated. A number of interesting future directions for this work are suggested, which include the feature selection for regime extraction, the model selection for transition probability modelling, the extension to distribution prediction and the application on other time series.
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38

Moreau, Alain. "Contribution au traitement des informations subjectives dans les systèmes experts." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608236v.

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39

Buisine, Luc. "Spécification d'une architecture multi-experts pour la simulation financière d'entreprise." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612263h.

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40

Bauer, Daniela [Verfasser], and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwan. "Meaning Making with Art : Expert and Lay Perspectives in Understanding Artworks and Exhibition Concepts / Daniela Bauer ; Betreuer: Stephan Schwan." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1196877653/34.

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41

Lazrek, Aziz. "Contribution à l'application des systèmes experts à l'enseignement assisté par ordinateur." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375990038.

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42

Dubois, Gérard. "Eléments pour une analyse informationnelle des niveaux d'organisation aux systèmes experts /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613381z.

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43

Popple, James David, and james@popple net. "SHYSTER: A Pragmatic Legal Expert System." The Australian National University. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, 1993. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20020609.233848.

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Most legal expert systems attempt to implement complex models of legal reasoning. Yet the utility of a legal expert system lies not in the extent to which it simulates a lawyer's approach to a legal problem, but in the quality of its predictions and of its arguments. A complex model of legal reasoning is not necessary: a successful legal expert system can be based upon a simplified model of legal reasoning. ¶ Some researchers have based their systems upon a jurisprudential approach to the law, yet lawyers are patently able to operate without any jurisprudential insight. A useful legal expert system should be capable of producing advice similar to that which one might get from a lawyer, so it should operate at the same pragmatic level of abstraction as does a lawyer - not at the more philosophical level of jurisprudence. ¶ A legal expert system called SHYSTER has been developed to demonstrate that a useful legal expert system can be based upon a pragmatic approach to the law. SHYSTER has a simple representation structure which simplifies the problem of knowledge acquisition. Yet this structure is complex enough for SHYSTER to produce useful advice. ¶ SHYSTER is a case-based legal expert system (although it has been designed so that it can be linked with a rule-based system to form a hybrid legal expert system). Its advice is based upon an examination of, and an argument about, the similarities and differences between cases. SHYSTER attempts to model the way in which lawyers argue with cases, but it does not attempt to model the way in which lawyers decide which cases to use in those arguments. Instead, it employs statistical techniques to quantify the similarity between cases. It decides which cases to use in argument, and what prediction it will make, on the basis of that similarity measure. ¶ SHYSTER is of a general design: it provides advice in areas of case law that have been specified by a legal expert using a specification language. Four different, and disparate, areas of law have been specified for SHYSTER, and its operation has been tested in each of those legal domains. ¶ Testing of SHYSTER in these four domains indicates that it is exceptionally good at predicting results, and fairly good at choosing cases with which to construct its arguments. SHYSTER demonstrates the viability of a pragmatic approach to legal expert system design.
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44

Acord, Sophia Krzys. "Beyond the code : unpacking tacit knowledge and embodied cognition in the practical action of curating contemporary art." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/89473.

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Re-evaluating classic work in the sociology of the visual arts, this Ph.D. thesis explores the tacit and practical bases of artistic mediation with reference to curatorial exhibition making in contemporary art. Data presented here derive from a visual microethnographic study of the exhibition-making process in two elite European centres for contemporary art (London’s Institute of Contemporary Art and ARC/Musée D’Art Moderne de la ville de Paris), combined with an additional thirty-five interviews with other curatorial professionals. By focusing on the visual dimensions of curatorial work, this thesis uses a case study in the sociology of art to think more broadly about aesthetic materials as active mediators of action, or actants in the sense of actor-network theory. Drawing on work in the sociology of education, communication studies, and the sociologies of science and technology, this research explores how the material, embodied, and situated interactions between curators, objects, and environments are constructed and understood in reflexive relation to more explicitly cognitive and verbal representations, interpretations, and accounts. In planning and installing an exhibition of contemporary art, curators frame artworks and build meaning based on the material and conceptual resources at hand. The plans made by curators when preparing an exhibition and composing textual documentation are altered and elaborated during the installation of contemporary art in the physical presence of the artworks and gallery space. The disjuncture between curatorial plans and these situated actions has consequences for the public presentation and comprehension of the final exhibition. In documenting these processes as they take shape in real time and in relation to material objects, the body, and the built environment, this work aims to contribute to the on-going developments and debates that centre on the creation of a ‘strong’ cultural sociology and to extend core sociological thinking on the social structures and bases of action.
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45

Shaw, Alison. "What are 'they' doing to our food? : expert and lay understandings of food risks." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343304.

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46

Abu, Bakar Nooh. "ESWELPD : an expert system for the generation of welding procedure of arc welding processes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1990. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33209.

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The research is focused on the development of an expert system to generate welding procedures for arc welding processes. The system has been developed on an IBM AT microcomputer, using an expert system shell KES (Knowledge Engineering System), a product of Software Architecture & Engineering Inc. The system is primarily intended for novice users, hence good 'help' facilities and graphical representations are provided in the system.
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47

Massotte, Anne-Marie. "L'Elaboration des bases de connaissances pour les systèmes experts éléments d'approche méthodologique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375995118.

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48

Lerdon-Ferrada, Juan-Ricardo. "Une Application des systèmes-experts au diagnostic financier des élevages bovins laitiers." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607300w.

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49

Sylvestre, Jean. "Sémantique opérationnelle et langage de spécification de moteurs d'inférences de systèmes experts." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376101554.

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50

Boyd, Charlotte Friedersdorff. "Effects of Performance Levels of Subject Matter Experts on Job Analysis Outcomes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278910/.

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Much research has been undertaken to determine how Subject Matter Expert characteristics affect job analysis outcomes. The current study seeks to discover if performance levels are related to current incumbents ratings of their positions. A group of 114 corporate associates, from two administrative positions, served as Subject Matter Experts (SME) for this study. Separate job analyses for each position were conducted using the Job Analysis Task Checklist. The results for each job were analyzed to determine if SME performance levels affected job analysis outcomes. The results for both jobs showed that there were very few differences in job analysis results as a function of SME performance levels.
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