Relevant bibliographies by topics / Art, forgeries

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Art, forgeries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Art, forgeries"

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Soloshenko, Viktoriia. "Art Forgery: The International Context." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XXII (2021): 829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2021-45.

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The article deals with the problem of art forgery, its local and global dimensions, whilst also exploring the origins of this practice. The author argues that works of art have always aroused and continue arousing great interest among collectors, art admirers, and specialists in forgeries. It has been found in the research that collecting has been practiced since ancient times, in a certain way promoting the process of art forgery. The author mentions well-known and reputable world auction houses and reveals the role of some of them in trafficking forged paintings. The article emphasises that the scandals related to trading art forgery cast a dark shadow on auctions and galleries in general. Paintings have proven to be one of the most common items of antiquity and forgery. It is established in the article that the prices for the artworks of famous masters have increased from thousands to millions of dollars over the years, and that they are generally recognised as a reliable investment. The replenishment of collections with purchased works of art is always a large and lucrative business. However, not all of these masterpieces are originals. The presented research shows that this problem keeps gaining momentum and needs to be resolved on a global level. The article notes that the 20th century can be characterised by positive achievements and discoveries of humankind. However, it has engraved in history the problem of art forgery mired in scandals of a worldwide scale. The author highlights famous forgeries and falsifications as well as the most popular art forgers and paintings. The forgers were found to have skillfully used the hardships connected with the chaos and displacement of cultural property caused by the two world wars. As a result, forgery artworks appear on the auctions, where they can find their new owners. It misleads museums, collectors, and millions of art lovers. The article describes the methods, which forgers use in their work, and reveals their motivation for making fake art products. The details and ways, which allows distinguishing a counterfeit artwork from the original, are also covered in the research. The article shows how the international community invests great efforts to find originals, detect existing forgeries, and prevent the creation of new fakes. Interpol’s opening of a previously classified database of stolen works of art has proved helpful in partially blocking forged artwork distribution channels. Keywords: works of art, forgers, forgeries, art market, auction houses, galleries, museums, theft, search, Interpol.
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Khandelwal, Vedika. "Cultural Status of Art Forgeries." Groundings Undergraduate 8 (April 1, 2015): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/groundingsug.8.206.

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This article explores the cultural status and significance of forgeries in the world of art, as well as tracing an evolution of the changes in their perception. Forgeries are generally thought to be culturally perverse, falsifying our experience and understanding of art. However, this very devaluation of forgeries presupposes notions of authenticity and originality which, upon examination, turn out to be arbitrary or inconsistent. Thus, the value of forgeries is twofold: firstly, they highlight and help criticise the presuppositions behind our cultural and aesthetic practices and attitudes; and secondly, they can also be valuable as works in their own right. Forgeries cannot be left out from the study of art history, as they have contributed in the shaping of art historical study as it is today.
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Ostmeyer, Johann, Ludovica Schaerf, Pavel Buividovich, Tessa Charles, Eric Postma, and Carina Popovici. "Synthetic images aid the recognition of human-made art forgeries." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (2024): e0295967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295967.

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Previous research has shown that Artificial Intelligence is capable of distinguishing between authentic paintings by a given artist and human-made forgeries with remarkable accuracy, provided sufficient training. However, with the limited amount of existing known forgeries, augmentation methods for forgery detection are highly desirable. In this work, we examine the potential of incorporating synthetic artworks into training datasets to enhance the performance of forgery detection. Our investigation focuses on paintings by Vincent van Gogh, for which we release the first dataset specialized for forgery detection. To reinforce our results, we conduct the same analyses on the artists Amedeo Modigliani and Raphael. We train a classifier to distinguish original artworks from forgeries. For this, we use human-made forgeries and imitations in the style of well-known artists and augment our training sets with images in a similar style generated by Stable Diffusion and StyleGAN. We find that the additional synthetic forgeries consistently improve the detection of human-made forgeries. In addition, we find that, in line with previous research, the inclusion of synthetic forgeries in the training also enables the detection of AI-generated forgeries, especially if created using a similar generator.
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Wallace, G. "ART FORGERIES AND INHERENT VALUE." British Journal of Aesthetics 27, no. 4 (1987): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjaesthetics/27.4.358.

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Corder, P. F. "Digital detectives reveal art forgeries." Computing in Science & Engineering 7, no. 2 (2005): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2005.30.

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Amineddoleh, Leila. "Purchasing Art in a Market Full of Forgeries: Risks and Legal Remedies for Buyers." International Journal of Cultural Property 22, no. 2-3 (2015): 419–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s094073911500020x.

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Abstract:Since the first lawsuit against the Knoedler Gallery was filed for selling forgeries, the art world has been abuzz with stories of high-end fakes. However, forgeries are not a new phenomenon. The law of supply and demand dictates that there will be no end to the rising value of artworks done by the hands of “masters.” And with soaring market prices, art forgery will proliferate as forgers find incentive in skyrocketing sales. At the heart of forgery disputes is the determination of authenticity. Who makes these determinations? How does the market and legal world handle a battle of experts? Moreover, what remedies are available to disappointed buyers? The best method of protection is to complete due diligence; however, the process is often complex and expensive. Even after completing due diligence, it is possible for buyers to be left with sophisticated fakes. What legal remedies are available to buyers?
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Beck, Lucile. "Ion Beam Analysis and 14C Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy to Identify Ancient and Recent Art Forgeries." Physics 4, no. 2 (2022): 462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics4020031.

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Forgeries exist in many fields. Money, goods, and works of art have been imitated for centuries to deceive and make a profit. In the field of Cultural Heritage, nuclear techniques can be used to study art forgeries. Ion beam analysis (IBA), as well as 14C accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), are now established techniques, and the purpose of this paper is to report on their capacity to provide information on ancient, as well as modern, forgeries. Two case studies are presented: the production of silver counterfeit coins in the 16th century and the detection of recent forgeries of 20th century paintings. For the counterfeit coins, two silvering processes were identified by IBA: mercury silvering (also called amalgam silvering or fire silvering) and pure silver plating. The discovery of 14 mercury silvered coins is an important finding since there are very few known examples from before the 17th century. In the detection of recent forgeries, among the five paintings examined, 14C dating showed that three of them are definitely fakes, one is most likely a fake, and one remains undetermined. These results were obtained by using the bomb peak calibration curve to date canvas and paint samples.
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Simko, Lucy, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Tadayoshi Kohno. "Recognizing and Imitating Programmer Style: Adversaries in Program Authorship Attribution." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2018, no. 1 (2018): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2018-0007.

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Abstract Source code attribution classifiers have recently become powerful. We consider the possibility that an adversary could craft code with the intention of causing a misclassification, i.e., creating a forgery of another author’s programming style in order to hide the forger’s own identity or blame the other author. We find that it is possible for a non-expert adversary to defeat such a system. In order to inform the design of adversarially resistant source code attribution classifiers, we conduct two studies with C/C++ programmers to explore the potential tactics and capabilities both of such adversaries and, conversely, of human analysts doing source code authorship attribution. Through the quantitative and qualitative analysis of these studies, we (1) evaluate a state-of-the-art machine classifier against forgeries, (2) evaluate programmers as human analysts/forgery detectors, and (3) compile a set of modifications made to create forgeries. Based on our analyses, we then suggest features that future source code attribution systems might incorporate in order to be adversarially resistant.
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Antal, Margit, László Zsolt Szabó, and Tünde Tordai. "Online Signature Verification on MOBISIG Finger-Drawn Signature Corpus." Mobile Information Systems 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3127042.

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We present MOBISIG, a pseudosignature dataset containing finger-drawn signatures from 83 users captured with a capacitive touchscreen-based mobile device. The database was captured in three sessions resulting in 45 genuine signatures and 20 skilled forgeries for each user. The database was evaluated by two state-of-the-art methods: a function-based system using local features and a feature-based system using global features. Two types of equal error rate computations are performed: one using a global threshold and the other using user-specific thresholds. The lowest equal error rate was 0.01% against random forgeries and 5.81% against skilled forgeries using user-specific thresholds that were computed a posteriori. However, these equal error rates were significantly raised to 1.68% (random forgeries case) and 14.31% (skilled forgeries case) using global thresholds. The same evaluation protocol was performed on the DooDB publicly available dataset. Besides verification performance evaluations conducted on the two finger-drawn datasets, we evaluated the quality of the samples and the users of the two datasets using basic quality measures. The results show that finger-drawn signatures can be used by biometric systems with reasonable accuracy.
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Hendriks, Laura, Irka Hajdas, Ester S. B. Ferreira, et al. "Uncovering modern paint forgeries by radiocarbon dating." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 27 (2019): 13210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901540116.

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Art forgeries have existed since antiquity, but with the recent rapidly expanding commercialization of art, the approach to art authentication has demanded increasingly sophisticated detection schemes. So far, the most conclusive criterion in the field of counterfeit detection is the scientific proof of material anachronisms. The establishment of the earliest possible date of realization of a painting, called the terminus post quem, is based on the comparison of materials present in an artwork with information on their earliest date of discovery or production. This approach provides relative age information only and thus may fail in proving a forgery. Radiocarbon (14C) dating is an attractive alternative, as it delivers absolute ages with a definite time frame for the materials used. The method, however, is invasive and in its early days required sampling tens of grams of material. With the advent of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and further development of gas ion sources (GIS), a reduction of sample size down to microgram amounts of carbon became possible, opening the possibility to date individual paint layers in artworks. Here we discuss two microsamples taken from an artwork carrying the date of 1866: a canvas fiber and a paint chip (<200 µg), each delivering a different radiocarbon response. This discrepancy uncovers the specific strategy of the forger: Dating of the organic binder delivers clear evidence of a post-1950 creation on reused canvas. This microscale 14C analysis technique is a powerful method to reveal technically complex forgery cases with hard facts at a minimal sampling impact.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Art, forgeries"

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Hatch, Marci Joy. "The value of forgeries, a meaningful tool of art historical study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ30677.pdf.

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Jolly, Martyn. "Fake photographs : making truths in photography." Phd thesis, Sydney College of the Arts, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4046.

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Rossel, Pierre. "Fer, forgerons et folklore : approche ethnologique d'une société rurale en mutation /." Cousset (Suisse) : Éd. Delval, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35501103g.

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LaViolette, Adria. "Ethno-archaeology in Jenné, Mali : craft and status among smiths, potters and masons /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371991584.

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Texte remanié de: Ph.D. diss.--Saint Louis, Mo.--Washington University, 1987. Titre de soutenance : An archaeological ethnography of blacksmiths, potters, and masons in Jenné, Mali (West Africa).<br>Glossaire. Bibliogr. p. 149-156.
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Orengo, Lionel. "Forges et forgerons dans les habitats laténiens de la Grande Limagne d'Auvergne : fabrication et consommation de produits manufacturés en fer en Gaule à l' âge du fer /." Montagnac : M. Mergoil, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392360330.

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Poslusny, Matthew. "Analysis of PAH and PCB Emissions from the Combustion of dRDF and the Nondestructive Analysis of Stamp Adhesives." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331998/.

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This work includes two unrelated areas of research. The first portion of this work involved combusting densified refuse derived fuel (dRDF) with coal and studying the effect that Ca(0H)2 binder had on reducing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) emissions. The second area of work was directed at developing nondestructive infrared techniques in order to aid in the analysis of postage stamp adhesives. With Americans generating 150-200 million tons a year of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and disposing of nearly ninety percent of it in landfills, it is easy to understand why American landfills are approaching capacity. One alternative to landfilling is to process the MSW into RDF. There are technical and environmental problems associated with RDF. This work provides some answers concerning the amount of PAH and PCB emissions generated via the combustion of RDF with coal. It was found that the Ca(OH)2 binder greatly reduced both the PAH and the PCB emissions. In fact, PAH emissions at the ten-percent level were reduced more by using the binder than by the pollution control equipment. If the Ca(0H)2 binder can reduce not only PAH and PCB emissions, but also other noxious emissions, such as acid gases or dioxin, RDF technology could soon be the answer to the current landfill problems. The second portion of this work focused on developing a method to analyze stamp adhesives nondestructively. Using this method, it was fairly easy to differentiate among the three different types of adhesives that have been used by the United States Postal Service: gum arabic, dextrin, and polyvinyl alcohol. Differences caused by changes in chemicals added to the adhesives were also detected. Also, forgeries were detected with as much success, if not more, than by conventional methods. This work also led to the construction of equipment that allows large samples to be analyzed by reflectance infrared methods.
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Negrich, René Catherine. "Philosophy of art forgeries: the aesthetic difference between originals and copies." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3777.

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This thesis consists of three chapters and deals with the aesthetic status of forgeries regarding works of literature, the visual arts, and musical works. The first chapter deals with the definition of forgery and I explain the difference between forgeries and mere fakes. I also give examples of famous art forgeries. In the second chapter I explain the leading arguments regarding the aesthetic status of forgeries. These arguments come from Nelson Goodman, Alfred Lessing, Mark Sagoff, Denis Dutton, John Hoaglund, Tomas Kulka, Kendall Walton, and Sherri Irvin. In the final chapter I give my own view and explain what exactly is aesthetically wrong with forgeries. My main issue with forgeries deals with deception and with what this deception entails.<br>Graduate
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Boyle, Mark. "Do you like my pics? : exhibition and exegesis as self reflective study." Thesis, 2012. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/21477/.

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This research thesis, Do you Like My Pics, investigates perceived value in art through the recreation of well-known paintings. Using photography and photo-manipulation the content of the image has been recreated in another medium in order to dissociate the tangible, actual image from the aura of the artist who created it.
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Books on the topic "Art, forgeries"

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Johannes, Hirsch. Narrationen der Fälschung: Von Kunstfälschung und Erzählkunst bei Wolfgang Beltracchi, Eric Hebborn und Elmyr de Hory. Psychosozial-Verlag, 2016.

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Shapiro, Barbara A. The art forger. Thorndike Press, 2013.

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Vigna, Pierre Dalla. L' opera d'arte nell'età della falsificazione. Editori per l'autogestione cooperativa, 1987.

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Hoving, Thomas. False impressions: The hunt for big-time art fakes. Andre Deutsch, 1996.

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United States. Federal Trade Commission. Office of Consumer and Business Education., ed. Art fraud. Bureau of Consumer Protection, Office of Consumer & Business Education, 1994.

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Sox, H. David. Unmasking the forger: The Dossena deception. Unwin Hyman, 1987.

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Association, Special Libraries, ed. Faking it: An international bibliography of art and literary forgeries, 1949-1986. Special Libraries Association, 1987.

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Bazley, Tom. Crimes of the art world. Praeger, an Imprint of ABC-CLIO, 2010.

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Sox, David. Unmasking the forger: The Dossena deception. Universe Books, 1988.

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Hebborn, Eric. The art forger's handbook. Overlook Press, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Art, forgeries"

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Riederer, Josef. "The Detection of Art Forgeries with Scientific Methods." In Forensic Science Progress. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69400-4_5.

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Deneckere, A., P. Vandenabeele, and L. Moens. "Vibrational Spectroscopy as a Tool for Tracing Art Forgeries." In Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy in Forensic Science. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119962328.ch7.

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Ulz, Melanie. "Why Have There Been No Great Forgeries? Collectors, Artefacts, and the Question of Originality." In Art History and Fetishism Abroad. transcript Verlag, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839424117-016.

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Farmer, Jana S., and Jennifer Mass. "Approaches to Current Issues with Art Forgery, Restoration and Conservation: Legal and Scientific Perspectives." In Analytical Chemistry for the Study of Paintings and the Detection of Forgeries. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86865-9_16.

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Lyu, Siwei. "DeepFake Detection." In Multimedia Forensics. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7621-5_12.

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AbstractOne particular disconcerting form of disinformation are the impersonating audios/videos backed by advanced AI technologies, in particular, deep neural networks (DNNs). These media forgeries are commonly known as the DeepFakes. The AI-based tools are making it easier and faster than ever to create compelling fakes that are challenging to spot. While there are interesting and creative applications of this technology, it can be weaponized to cause negative consequences. In this chapter, we survey the state-of-the-art DeepFake detection methods.
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Hageraats, Selwin, Mathieu Thoury, Marine Cotte, Loïc Bertrand, Koen Janssens, and Katrien Keune. "Microchemical Imaging of Oil Paint Composition and Degradation: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects." In Analytical Chemistry for the Study of Paintings and the Detection of Forgeries. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86865-9_12.

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Edwards, Howell G. M., Peter Vandenabeele, and Philippe Colomban. "Cultural Heritage Meets the Art Forensics Enigma: Raman Spectroscopic Authentication and the Exposure of Fakes and Forgeries in Art Works." In Raman Spectroscopy in Cultural Heritage Preservation. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14379-3_6.

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Carré, Marion. "Post-Truth." In Edition Museum. transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839467107-017.

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In this paper Marion Carré explores the intricate relationships between art, AI, archives, and truth through delving into the creation and detection of fake news and forgeries. By me ans of AI-generated texts, the study examines the living nature of archives and the impact of crowdsourcing on truth perception. AI's dual role in facilitating forgery and aiding detection is explored, thus emphasizing the importance of critical thin king and education as safeguards against deception. Museum professionals play a crucial role in raising awareness about the challenges posed by digital manipulation.
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Tummers, Anna, and Robert G. Erdmann. "The Eye Versus Chemistry? From Twentieth to Twenty-First Century Connoisseurship." In Analytical Chemistry for the Study of Paintings and the Detection of Forgeries. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86865-9_1.

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AbstractThis essay traces the evolution of connoisseurship in the Netherlands from the early twentieth century to current and future challenges. In the twentieth century, the attitude of art historians towards chemistry varied from extreme distrust to extreme optimism about the possibilities of the discipline to provide conclusive evidence in authentication matters. While the chemical methods and technical means to research paintings have developed at an unprecedented pace in the twenty-first century, some of the key questions crucial to classifying works of art remain largely the same (e.g. how much consistency to expect in an artist’s brushwork, painting technique and choice of materials?). However, other questions are new (e.g. how to interpret vast amounts of new data?) and call for a fundamentally different approach: for a cross-pollination of (technical) art history, chemistry and data science. While surveying recent developments, this essay discusses the merits and drawbacks of several modern analytical techniques (including as MA-XRF, HIS/RIS, isotope analysis and GC-MS) as well as the potential of digital aids (smart tools). The focal point of this essay is on the Netherlands since advances in the scientific investigation of works of art have repeatedly transformed the practice of connoisseurship here.
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Charney, Noah. "Profiling Art Forgers." In The Palgrave Handbook on Art Crime. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-54405-6_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Art, forgeries"

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Yonekura, David C., and Elloá B. Guedes. "Offline Handwritten Signature Authentication with Conditional Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks." In Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2021.18277.

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Handwritten signature authentication systems are important in many real world scenarios to avoid frauds. Thanks to Deep Learning, state-of-art solutions have been proposed to this problem by making use of Convolutional Neural Networks, but other models in this Machine Learning subarea are still to be further explored. In this perspective, the present article introduces a Conditional Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (cDCGAN) approach whose experimental results in a realistic dataset with skilled forgeries have Equal Error Rate (EER) of 18.53% and balanced accuracy of 87.91%. These results validate a writerdependent cDCGAN-based solution to the signature authentication problem in a real world scenario where no forgeries are available nor required in training time.
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Carvalho, Tiago, Hélio Pedrini, and Anderson Rocha. "Illumination Inconsistency Sleuthing for Exposing Composition Telltales in Digital Images." In XXVIII Concurso de Teses e Dissertações da SBC. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/ctd.2015.9994.

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Images are powerful communication tools. Due to this power it is often worrisome when image manipulations come into play allowing forgers to deceive viewers, change opinions or even affect how people perceive reality. Therefore, it is paramount to devise and deploy efficient and effective forgery detection techniques. From all types of image forgeries, composition images (forgeries using parts of two or more images) are of particular interest. Among different techniques for spotting forgeries, image illumination inconsistencies are the most promising. This work builds upon the hypothesis that “image illumination inconsistencies are strong and powerful evidence of image composition” and presents four original and effective approaches to detecting image forgeries. The first method explores eye specular highlight telltales to estimate the light source and viewer positions in an image. The second and third approaches explore the color phenomenon called metamerism, whereby two colors may appear to match under one light source but appear completely different under another one. Finally, the last approach relies on user’s interaction to specify 3-D normals of suspect objects in an image from which the 3-D light source position can be estimated. These approaches represent important advances, which certainly will be a strong tool for forensic analysts against image forgeries.
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Fernández-Blanco, Gabriel, and Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés. "A Validation System for Academic Records based on Blockchain." In Congreso XoveTIC: impulsando el talento científico (6º. 2023. A Coruña). Servizo de Publicacions. Universidade da Coruña, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.000024.17.

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Academic certificate forgeries and the lack of resources to tackle them is a problem that implies big costs to society. It harms the figure of the certificates and impairs the trust of academic institutions. The solution proposed in this paper is aimed at recording and verifying the academic merits through a decentralized application or Dapp. Such an application is supported by a smart contract deployed in the Ethereum blockchain with a simple frontend or interface. The application makes use of a decentralized storing system based on IPFS in order to consume the data that are not managed by the blockchain. To assess the performance of the developed system, the latency of its most common operation (read operations) is measured as the number of requests per second increase. The obtained results show that the system is really fast, being some nodes able to respond to more than 1,000 requests in less than one millisecond
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Boll, Christopher, Stephan Staudacher, Stefan Spieler, and Dirk Gebser. "Supply Chain Simulation and Economical Evaluation of Forged Titanium Discs for Aircraft Engines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68310.

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A top level investigation of the supply chain of forged titanium discs resulted in the fact that about 60% of the value-add and about 50% of the time used up in the supply-chain result from the titanium forgers. Engine manufacturers should focus on these companies when optimising their supply chain. The tool factory simulation with an attached economic evaluation tool is able to contribute to this supply chain optimization. It is presented and discussed on the basis of a titanium supply chain optimization from the view of an engine OEM. Two examples show the ability of this approach to predict the impact of future scenarios. Opportunities and weaknesses of this approach are discussed as well as ways and possibilities to bring a forging factory as well as the supply chain closer to optimal performance are evaluated and explained.
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Reports on the topic "Art, forgeries"

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Glazer, Itamar, Randy Gaugler, Yitzhak Spiegel, and Edwin Lewis. Host Adaptation in Entomopathogenic Nematodes: An Approach to Enhancing Biological Control Potential. United States Department of Agriculture, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613023.bard.

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The overall objective of our research was to develop methods to match species of entomopathogenic nematodes against the insect pests which they would be best adapted to control. The underlying hypothesis for this work was that entomopathogenic nematodes should be most effective when used against insect species to which they are naturally adapted to parasitize. Toward this end, we undertook a number of related studies focusing primarily on nematode foraging strategies. We found that foraging strategies affected host associations directly and indirectly. Nematodes' responses to host cues, and the role of their sensory organs based on lectin binding, led to new approaches to determining host range for these parasites. Based on this work, we developed a laboratory bioassay of host recognition behavior designed to predict field results. We also determined that nematodes that forage in a stationary manner (ambushers) have a slower metabolic rate than do active forgers (cruisers), thus their infective stage juveniles are longer lived. This study helps predict the duration of field activity after application and may partially explain field distributions of natural populations of entomopathogenic nematodes. The common thread linking all of these studies was that they led to a deeper understanding of the associations between entomopathogenic nematodes and insects as hosts.
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