Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Art – France – 1900-1945'
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Amidon, Catherine S. "La politique artistique française des années trente : étude des expositions en France et à l'étranger." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010663.
Full text"French art and politics in the thirties : a study of french and foreign exhibitions" is an analysis of : paintings in the context of exhibitions, the political ideologies of those who planned these cultural events, and the commentaries of them by critics the wars. The evolution of a system of exhibitions in France, and the diffusion of the values it embraced, developed at the same time as analogous institutions in other countries. The national systems controled in France by non-elected civil servants - provided politically charged input into the international system. In France the works and the exhibitions were used as tools to deal with the social crisis and depression. The image of artistic stability constrasts with the social agitation of protests in the streets in 1934 and the take-overs at the building site of the exposition universelle in Paris in 1937. France, Italy and Germany are the principal countries in this study, although the United States and England are also essential to the understanding of the problems specific to international exhibitions with a directive influence on world politics. This study of exhibitions in the thirties permits the consideration of different and otherwise undefinable aspects of french culture between the wars essential to understanding its' art and politics
Gispert, Marie. ""L'Allemagne n'a pas de peintres" : diffusion et réception de l'art allemand moderne en France durant l'Entre-deux-guerres, 1918-1939." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010666.
Full textOlivry, Gaëlle. "La politique artistique de la France lors de l'exposition internationale de New-York." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040246.
Full text1939, as the first bombs of World war II explose in Europe, New York city is opening "The world of tomorrow" world's fair. As one of the guest, France takes the chance to offer a glimpse of French luxury, that reflects its aspirations; to be true to its traditional esthetical and moral values, France duplicates the formulas that had been successful during their last presentation as organiser of the 1937 International "Arts and techniques of modern life" exhibition. On this new occasion France displays what our contemporary critics quality either an "ultimate assault of tottering culture" buildings, France has erected a rontonda of glass, majestic window of French good taste
Bertrand-Dorléac, Laurence. "Art, culture et société : l'exemple des arts plastiques à Paris entre 1940 et 1944." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990IEPP0015.
Full textIn France, the humanistic values crisis culminated during the German occupation and the Vichy regime. During this period , art inherited much of the pre-war situation. But disruptions, both in intensity and nature modified the artistical scene. Art, as an expression of patriotic pride was is considered as a reflection of modern decadence : the lack of ideal, individualism, and democracy. Under the "national revolution" art became an instrument of development and revival after a return to order and tradition. In many respects, the "Secretariat general des beaux-arts" thought of a widely approved art policy magnifying the tradition, the fine craft, the monumentalism and the edifying subjects. The artistic world, by nature reluctant to state dirigism, resisted against the governmental positions concerning corporatism and exclusion policy. Besides, few artists accepted to serve the "service artistique du Marechal" which was attached to his person. If some artists entered the French resistance movement, some created subversive works while the majority of them staid aside and bred on its production the fancy of the many people visiting various art places. The German regime, on its side, proceeded with its own exhibitions, being encouraged by French ultras as Rebatet, and being comforted by the German journey of some famous artists : Vlaminck, Derain, Despiau, etc. Meanwhile the nazi authorities spent most of their time on their exclusion policy towards jewish and mason artists. Censorship was discontinued against the exhibition of works considered as "degenerated". Art was a stake for an authoritarian power aiming at controlling society, and an outlet for a population looking forward to returning back to normality
Maingon, Claire. "Les Salons du rappel à l'ordre, Paris 1914-1925 : des artistes français aux artistes indépendants." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100135.
Full textThis study of Art history focuses on the “Salons des Beaux-Arts” from 1914 to 1925. It gathers a corpus of several hundred works by painters and sculptors. The purpose is to demonstrate the resilience of the Culture of Great World War and the importance of the artistic national tradition. It uses unreleased archives, exhibitions books and documents found by the inheritors of the artists. The study shows the State deficiencies and the influence of art dealers and industry people in the art market. The iconographic work shows that the cultural demobilisation was a slow and painful process coming from the 1870’s warrior ideology. It points out the birth of a tradition of independent art, what we call the Third way, which opens the prism of the call to order and announces the menacing times of the 1930’s
Lambauer, Barbara. "Francophile contre vents et marées ? : Otto Abetz et les Français, 1930-1958." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0041.
Full textGenet-Delacroix, Marie-Claude. "Art et État sous la IIIe République : 1870-1940." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010558.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the historical and sociological study of the objective and symbolical characters of the relations between state, art and the artists. Their interpretation in the general frame of the cultural anthropology of the liberal system is attempted at two different levels : - a socio-institutional analysis of the beaux-arts system in its different components (administrative structure; the "conseil superieur des beaux-arts", its work and history (with a prosopographical survey of its 344 members : 120 artists, 98 civil servants and art critics, 126 politicians); finances : budget of the beaux-arts; educational system and its artistic reforms; artistic market). - an analysis of the discourse on art in its different forms and functions (writings on art, artistic criticism, biography and autobiography), as well as of oppositions involved in the writer's work, between the professional art reviewers and historians and the artists -the professionals of artistic creation
Lantenois, Annick. "Essai d'analyse critique de la formule "retour à l'ordre" : France, 1919-1929." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010532.
Full textKrebs, Sophie. "L'Ecole de Paris, une invention de la critique d'art des années vingt." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0045.
Full text« L’Ecole de Paris », was launched in 1923, in the course of a quarrel said « Quarrel of the Independants », during the organization period of the 1923 and 1924 « Salon ». The art critics, who were in favor of the foreigners, invented this notion to distinguish the foreigners installed in France for a long time, from the true foreigners. They were relying on the fact that a strong immigration movement could be observed in Montparnasse. Thanks to its dominating position in the Press and in the publishing business, this movement revealed artistic networks, which were associating French and foreigner writers and artists, and which were grounded on mutual aid. These networks were crossed with diffuse but very present anarchistic networks. The same art critics fabricated individual or collective myths and of a welcoming city of Paris, which would be eager to let blow all talents from the entire world. Yet, behind this claimed universalism, artcriticism revealed divergent positions along the 1920s, from generous cosmopolitism, to overcautious nationalism, even to a more affirmed xenophobia in the name of the defense of French art. The question of anti-Semitism goes along with the debate on foreigners, and at the same time raises the question of a Jewish School of Paris and Jewish art. At last, in the beginning of the 1930s, a time which marked the end of the “Ecole de Paris”, the museums then grabbed the notion of “Ecole de Paris” in order to introduce modernity. The new “Musée national d’art moderne”, which bound the two collections, does not solve the question which established an “ethnic” distinction, and not an artistic one
Somek, Claude. "L'immeuble d'habitation parisien 1919-1939 : 6000 édifices de 4 étages et au-delà, plusieurs courants architecturaux, une strate originale dans l'histoire de la ville." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0043/document.
Full textThe subject matter of this thesis is to study the Parisian buildings, built between 1919 and 1939. In this period, played down by the contemporary histography, this work aims to highlight an "original architectural layer of housing", a phrase which illustrates the feature sets of buildings : location in the plot (alignment or open courtyard), floor plans (traditional or duplex), roof (attic or terrace), building system, outer decoration, modern conveniences. The diversity of this layer is expressed by specific categories which are not labelled modernity, modernism and modernization, as historians are used to doing, but Art deco (full or partial), Innovation (full or moderate), Post-haussmannian eclecticism, so as to consider the whole corpus, residential rental accommodation or social housing. The approach used, both quantitative and qualitative, consists, on the one hand, in working on an almost exhaustive corpus of two thousand four hundred real estate transactions corresponding to six thousand buildings, thereby ensuring the relevance of the results obtained from the "visible" characteristics of the layer and, on the other hand, in closely studying a subset of the corpus in order to use the information found in the archives, in the Architecture reviews and in the works published in that period so as to obtain data about architects, clients, buildings and deeper analyses on housing.This thesis establishes a resource that could help future researchers to explore the works by underestimated architects, building materials and links between architects and clients or between architects and construction firms
Jannière, Hélène. "Représenter et diffuser l'architecture moderne : les revues françaises et italiennes, 1923-1939." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0075.
Full textFournier, Catherine. "Marius-Ary Leblond, écrivains et critiques d'art." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040118.
Full textPapandreopoulou, Aikaterini. "Camille Mauclair (1872-1945), critique et histoirien de l'art : "une leçon de nationalisme pictural"." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010664.
Full textCamille Mauclair (1872-1945) was one of the most prolific and most read authors of his times. He used every opportunity offered to him by the Third Republic and he engaged his talents to many literary genres: fiction, poetry, essays, and critiques. However, he only established himself professionally as an art critic. This thesis traces the professional and intellectual itinerary of Camille Mauclair from his early preoccupation with the modernism of symbolism to his later reactionary period and seeks to explain how an initially internationalist author placed the national idea at the heart of his debate. His perception of national art as starting from the l8th century launches a popularizing and nationalist art history. He furthermore develops the notion of crisis in ail levels and he turns it into a key to the understanding of the system of modern art. The radicalization of his opinions leads to his collaboration with the powerful figure of extreme-right François Coty which will make him a profession al lampoonist. During the Second World War, Mauclair joins the collaborationist press and his reactionary and anti-Semitic opinions will ruin his posthumous fate
Morando, Camille. "Peinture, dessin, sculpture et littérature : autour du Collège de Sociologie pendant l'entre-deux-guerres." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040144.
Full textMassipe, Alexandre. "S'engager aux côtés de la classe ouvrière pour "changer la vie" : 1919-1939." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010519.
Full textCohen, Emmanuel. "Le théâtre nondramatique : le théâtre des avant-gardes parisiennes des années 1940 aux années 1930 : Gertrude Stein, Dada, surréalisme." Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0015.
Full textNondramatic theater refers to a theatrical conception and an artistic practice developed by the historical Parisian avant-gardes, and more precisely by Gertrude Stein, Dadaists, and surrealists. Even though they are more commonly acknowledged for their other achievements in literature, poetry or painting, or even for their rejection of art as a category, yet, theater seems to haunt their productions and discourse. By their refusal of dramatic conventions - from the narrative structure, to the characters and the actors to incarnate them - Gertrude Stein, Dada and surrealism all develop their own critical theatrical works which form together a panorama of the antitheatricalism proper to the Modern era, but also some alternatives and variations to it thought in relation to theater. The plays by Gertrude Stein, Dada and Surreaslim are analyzed through the lens of the scientific and philosophical revolutions of their time, among which William James' theories are fundamental. Stein's conversation and landscape plays, but also the Dada evenings and the numerous manifestoes, can be considered as a variety of attempts to redefine what is theater. Nondramatic theater is thus understood as a set of theatricalities based on the redefinition of the theatrical art, like the primacy of speech, of the performative act, and the revision of the theatrical communication between the artwork and the spectator-reader. New definitions of the subject and of the theater reveal themselves at the crossroads of three aesthetical concepts that are fundamental for the avant-garde : metatheatricality understood as an ontological metalepsis, simultaneity, and finally Primitivism
Valle, Arbex Márcia María. "De l'image de la lettre à la poésie peinte : étude sur la fonction de l'écriture dans les arts visuels (1910-1930)." Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA030137.
Full textLe, Thomas Claire. "Racines populaires d’un art savant : innovations cubistes et pratiques ordinaires de création (1907-1914)." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100087.
Full textThis dissertation tries to understand the innovative techniques and materials used by cubists and the conditions in which they appeared. Traditional analyses have not paid enough attention to the context in which the cubists innovations occurred whereas their very nature – the introduction of inartistic materials and processes – and the unprecedented break they constituted in method, calls into question the part played by contextual factors. Through an historic and ethnographic enquiry into the Montmartrian avant-garde, this study begins by describing the environment in which G. Braque, P. Picasso, J. Gris and H. Laurens lived in order to reveal what in the milieu made possible for these Cubists to create papiers collés and constructions. Thus, the previously common practice of manually making objects with everyday or second-hand items is most likely the technical source of these innovations. Subsequently, in order to estimate the way these domestic practices of fabrication prepared the way for the introduction of heteroclite materials and techniques, this study provides a comparative analysis of ordinary handicraft activities and Cubists’ practices. For the former, it examines the artisanal handbooks and manuels of the period. For the latter, it examines the works of art as well as the commentaries left behind by the artists. The aim is to point out the interactions between the historical context, the sociological environment, prevalent ideologies, the technical background of the artists and artistic expression in order to highlight how the cubist’s innovations were a product of the social history of this period
Escande, Dominique. "Convergences et divergences de la musique et des Beaux-arts autour de l'idéal classique en France (1909-1937)." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040230.
Full textParallelisms and analogies between fine arts and music in France from 1909 to 1937, are built on the same classical ideal. Did the neo-classicism of the 19th century's fine arts influence the néo-classicism in music during the interwar period ? What relates it to the " retour à l'ordre " in painting ? The classical ideal transcends the artistic categories and brings up historical, aesthetic and formal issues. This research gathers a corpus of convergent works which reveals a period made in three stages : the birth of classicism (1909-1919), the stabilization (1919-1929), and the monumental or misused classicism (1929-1937). The 20th century's classicism disintegrates the model of all the previous classical styles in order to dissociate the ideal, the material or the structure of the artistic work. This is what embodies its specificity
Stahl, Fabienne. "Les décorations religieuses de Maurice Denis (1870-1943) entre les deux guerres." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF20003.
Full textThis thesis, based almost exclusively on firsthand records, introduces the church decorating from Maurice Denis (1870-1973) in the interwar period, studied from an iconographic, formal and technical point of view, set back in context with the life and the work of the artist and investigated in light of the artistic, architectural, historical and religious background of these days. The Ateliers d'art sacré, created with George Desvallières in 1919, which brings to the master numerous commissions and a skilled labor, are also provoked. His theories on religious art are analyzed too and compared with the texts from George Desvallières, Alexandre Cingria, Jacques Maritain or Père Couturier. A catalogue raisonné of his religious decorating, accomplished between 1914 and 1943 or still remaining in a project state (wall paintings, stained glass windows and mosaic) altogether with a complete corpus of the decorating pictures in situ, of the preparatory works and a some unpublished documents, allows an exhaustive and informed review on some still unknown decorating. This thesis, intending to look at the mature Maurice Denis from a different perspective, rehabilitates his decorative wooks, long-discretized, in replacing them in the course of the sacred art renewal of the 20st century
Dupont, Erika. "Présence et réception des artistes anglais à Paris durant l'entre-deux-guerres." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H044.
Full textThere were many English artists in France between 1919 and 1939. Yet this has been neglected. This project will do explore the English presence on the Parisian artistic scene and the reception of English artists by their French counterparts.After the First World War, artists came from the entire world to Paris. It became the main European artistic centre during the interwar period, where several artistic movements developed. Some of these artists came from Southern and Eastern Europe, often for social, religious and political issues.Paris attracted more and more artists who joined those who had been there since the beginning of the 20th Century – Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque or Henri Matisse, among others. At the same time, the artistic centre of Paris moved from Montmartre to Montparnasse, which gathered the Italian Amedeo Modigliani, the Swiss Alberto Giacometti, the Spanish Salvador Dali, the Russian Chaïm Soutine, the Belarusian Marc Chagall or even the Romanian Constantin Brancusi. Some artists preferred the appeal of the New World and joined Marcel Duchamp in New York, although relatively few American artists moved to Paris. French scholars have taken an interest in the period: the Franco-Russian artistic cooperation in Paris has been recently analysed by Tatiana Trankvillitskaia, while the Belgian presence is being studied by Céline De Potter.However, English artists in Paris have yet to be studied. Their contribution to artistic life or the impact of Paris on the English art at that time have been neglected by French historians.This current project traces the details of that English presence in France during the interwar years: who were the artists that came over? What was their subject matter? What kind of works did they produce? What were their relationships both with the artistic milieu and the Parisian public? What was the impact of French works on English art? The goal is to define the place of English artists within the “École de Paris.” Who were they and what were they attracted to?
Polack, Emmanuelle. "Le paradigme du marché de l'art à Paris sous l'Occupation 1940-1945." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H043/document.
Full textThe euphoria of the art market under the Nazi Occupation is also a reflection of an influx of goods resulting from the artistic spoliations of the Jewish community along with any opponent of the Third Reich. The main concern of this thesis deliberately places itself on this question. It proposes an analysis of the paradigms of an art market during a war period under the control of a collaborationist State
Choubard, Alain. "Les matériaux nouveaux ou réintroduits dans la sculpture en France de 1880 à 1940." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040159.
Full textLaurent, Stéphane. "Art et industrie : la question de l'enseignement des arts appliqués (1851-1940) : le cas de l'École Boulle." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010506.
Full textThe relationship between art and industry during the Second Empire and the Third Republic has been studied through an analysis of the debates, the decisions of private, municipal and state institutions about design education, which was one of the important artistic preoccupation of the time. It allows us to understand the evolution of the conceptions concerning design and craft, also the progressive disappearance of handcraft whilst industrial design increased. The designers first tried to give any credit to their production against the Académie des Beaux-arts, when the whole society enter in the modern industrial era. Schools, museums, exhibitions, compulsory drawing education were created for them. They tried after to find a new style for their production, now called decorative art, and to prefect structures which have been founded, specially by developing practice in schools, design and female education. Thanks to the technical education department, the government gave another impulse few years before the second world war by creating an artistic education in technical schools and a teaching programme for applied arts. So appeared the first signs of the industrial design, in order to modernize the art education for industry. At last we have studied the special case of the École Boulle, which was a consequence of the first reforms. The analysis of its organization, courses, schedule, relations with the Ville de Paris, its founder, and the industry, allows us to better consider the evolution of the conceptions. The conclusion includes the outcome of design education in France, which is then compared to nowadays preoccupations, in order to understand the permanent themes and prospects of the question. We also submit new opportunities of studies
Chevrefils, Desbiolles Yves. "Les revues d'art de l'entre-deux-guerres à Paris." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010534.
Full textBy taking into account the leading papers published by more than 70 parisian art magazines between 1919 and 1939 (dadaist, surrealist and "esprit nouveau" magazines ; magazines devoted to abstract or sacral art ; magazines or bulletins published by art galleries ; scholarly magazines ; magazines on conventional art ; popular art magazines. . . ), the thesis relates the history and developments of this kind of publishing
Viraben, Hadrien. "Le savant et le profane : documenter l'impressionnisme en France, 1900-1939." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR095.
Full textIn 1946 the publication of John Rewald’s History of Impressionism in New York consecrated the aura of the movement’s scientific historiography, supported by documentary investment. This quality confronted laymen’s narratives, which oral tradition and some witness’s accounts’ reputations dominated. Yet, a close consideration could not agree with the assumption of an exclusive scholarly nature of the document. Since the beginning of the 20th century, varied producers, such as artists, witnesses, heirs, critics, journalists, as well as professional historians, museum curators and academics formed an impressionist documentation. It thus can be interpreted as a quest for factual truth, as much as an appropriation of a research object through its written and visual marks. The equipment of impressionist readings hence gathered are: autographs; memorabilia, movable and physical assets as souvenirs of artists; photographic and cinematographic technologies. Moreover, these documents fit into a broader visual culture which included monuments and commemorative plaques of the public sphere, or motives transformed by pictorial acts into remarkable viewpoints. A historical and critical study of such a writing of history as documentary (de)monstration allows here to look back to its execution’s social and visual contexts, the career issues in which it participated, the goals that had been assigned to it within both scholars’ and laymen’s art discourses
Bennani, Mounia. "Le système des parcs et jardins publics du début du protectorat français au Maroc : Rabat, le prototype de la ville-paysage idéale (1912-1930)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0056.
Full textThis thesis of doctorate concerns history of landscape creation in Morocco between 1912 and 1930 that marks the beginning of French Protectorate in Morocco. The subject is to turn out the way that new tows developed by French people outside of the medinas under the direction of the architect Henri Prost are an application of the theory "Park System" defended by the landscape and urban architect Jean Claude Nicolas Forestier. The comparative investigations of the four imperial towns (Rabat, Fes, Meknès, Marrakech) and Casablanca permits to realize on the one hand the importance conceded to the planning of vacant spaces within the development of new cities and on the other stylistic tendency of urban epoch as to the creation of parks and urban public gardens. Rabat, the capital, shows in a new way the "city-landscape", idealism woodlands and reserves of vacant spaces in advance
Segol, Julien. "Le corps malléable, une révolution symbolique : transformations esthétiques et sociales du corps en France et en Allemagne, de 1900 à la fin de l'entre-deux guerres." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC298/document.
Full textAround 1900 the symbolic meaning of the body around 1900 changes : its collective social meaning, as well as its individual value, evolve. During the first decades of the 20th century, the world of yesterday erodes while daring reformers of life and avant-garde artists (dancers, choreographers, stage directors) try to push the limits of what a body can – not only the moral norms, of the decorous, but also the unprecedented of new possibilities brought by new technologies. What does this evolution of the meaning of the body result into? What does the modern body look like, as opposed to the 19th century – in the ways of being, of feeling and expressing oneself? How does that change affect the way of perceiving the body, the other’s and mine? Two tendencies underlie the principle of malleability in this upheaval of the forms of life and of the strategies of individualization within modern society, beyond their disparities: on the one hand, a transposition of the functionalist thought and fetish for the object induced by capitalism onto the body; on the other, an opposite tendency to take hold of the body as an organic living form, as an attempt to articulate matter and spirit in a more unitary and vitalist perspective. We will follow the development of both these tendencies and show how they develop within the social and aesthetic spheres until the end of the interwar period
Alten, Michèle. "La musique et le chant dans les écoles primaires de la République (1882-1939)." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010713.
Full textIn 1882 the minister of education brought in a new compulsory item in the programs of primary schools : music and singing. The demand of the ambition, the lack of clarity of the aims sought and of the methods as well as the low level of qualification of the teachers in this very field made the application of the official instructions rahter uncertain. Before 1914, the civil engagement of the teachers led them to have of the republic celebrated by patriotic song. But the French territory is divised into two regions : south of line going from Saint-Malo to Geneva, musical activities are rare in the classrooms of a rather illiterate population. Between 1920 and 1939, a new musical culture expands in schools. It concerns mainly the organisation of amateur theatricals played, mimed and sung by the pupils. It expresses in its own way the signifiance assumed by the popular artistic spare time activities in France. However this practice does not bring any solution to the place occupied by music in schools. Because it does not take the means for assuming the basis for a teaching of arts, the school puts aside the sensitive aspect of education
Niogret, Philippe. "Débats idéologiques et esthétique romanesque en France pendant l'entre-deux guerres (1919-1939) dans les périodiques L'Art Libre, Europe, et Vendredi." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040132.
Full textThis thesis explores the evolution of ideas and morals in France during the period between the First and Second World Wars (1919-1939) and their influence on the evolution of the novel, through analysis of three periodicals : L'Art Libre, Europe, and Vendredi. The following themes are addressed: the war and its consequences; the anxiety of the post-war generation and the attraction of the East; the evolution of morals and relations between men and women; the Catholic revival; the social and political involvement of writers. These changes are reflected in the novels of this period and they brought about a crisis concerning the novel because of the unanticipated departure from its traditionnal model, that model no longer being appropriate to the instability of the period. One distinguishes two trends among novelists of this period faced to this dilemma : one is to adapt the novel to its era, the other to envision a novel detached from its time in order to attain the essence of the human condition
Herold-Marme, Amanda. "L'identité artistique à l'épreuve : les artistes espagnols à Paris et l'engagement à partir de la Guerre civile (1936-1956)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0017.
Full textNourished with new information, this study aims to examine the impact of the Spanish Civil War on the community of Spanish artists settled in Paris. We will consider artists with longstanding ties to the French capital when the war breaks out, as well as those whose arrival in France is precipitated by the conflict. Our objective is to situate the specificities of individual trajectories in a global history, by considering the political engagement of these previously apolitical creators for both sides of the Spanish conflict through the prism of their artistic identity which is both Spanish and Parisian. Defined by the ties to modernity or tradition that each artist claims in his work or his social practices, this artistic identity becomes permeated with ideological connotations at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. Our aim is to shed light on and put into perspective the complexity, the paradoxes and the contradictions of this politicized activity undertaken by Spanish artists in Paris over the course of these tumultuous years, especially during the Nazi Occupation of Paris. The renewal of normalized relations with Francoist Spain in the 1950s marks the end of our study. The massive and ostentatious political engagement of a considerable number of Spanish artists residing in or with strong ties to the French capital will allow us to clarify the point to which these Spaniards in Paris, in spite of their artistic ambitions, find themselves at the point of convergence of art and politics throughout these troubled years of the XXth century
Le, Morvan Marianne. "Berthe Weill (1865-1951) : sourcière méconnue de l'art moderne." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH036.
Full textThe ambition of this thesis is to define the role of the art merchant Bethe Weill, in the birth of modern art. Behind the discovery of a considerable number of artists who were later crowned with success by the market, her legacy remains misunderstood and mostly forgotten. In her multiple roles as sponsor and discoverer, mediator and editor, she initiated, with the opening of her gallery in 1901, a drive toward new painting, a movement until then bereft of a spokesperson. A feminist pioneer, she used all the means of communication at her disposal to disseminate her opinions, daring to make her gallery walls and columns a site for political statements. This study hopes to elucidate her position in the hierarchy of the modern art market, looking at the societal context which encouraged or restrained her initiatives. In a career spanning forty years, this woman from a poor Jewish family lived through two world wars and established herself as a major figure in Parisian cultural life. Without a pre-existent archival foundation to which one might refer, the archives relating to the B. Weill Gallery had to be entirely reconstructed, giving initial results which validate her pivotal role in the careers of major artists of the first half of the twentieth century. Through the intermediary of these archives larger issues are raised in connection to research on provenance: questions of authentication, but also on Anti-Semitic spoliations during the Occupation and the difficulty of access to market data in spite of the legal measures in place to guarantee patrimonial probity
Hosseinabadi, Shahram. "Une histoire architecturale de cinémas : genèse et métamorphoses de l'architecture cinématographique à Paris." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG021/document.
Full textThis thesis explores the emergence and the evolution of the cinema as a building type. It examines two hundred projects submitted to the Parisian administration for obtaining construction permits, from 1907 to 1939. These projects are analyzed according to four major criteria: localization, protagonists, architectural design and their reception. At the beginning of the Second World War, Parisian cinemas were mostly built through three waves of constructions subsequent to historical events: emergence of narrative cinema (1907-1913), end of the First World War (1919-1920), arrival of talkies (1931-1938). These three waves correspond with three successive phases in the rise of the new building type: experimentation, theorization, modernization. This study demonstrates that an original building type has been created since 1907, which is architecturally characterized by the trio of projection- visibility-appeal. From this original type different pieces are derived, that despite their variations are all a blind shed less or more judiciously designed and decorated for a show projected on the screen, a blind box covered by an attractive and expressive façade
Mészáros, Flóra. "Hungarian Artists in Abstraction-Creation." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040088.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the international artistic group, called Abstraction-Création (1931-1936. Out of the approximately 100 members joining the association a few were Hungarian artists, namely Étienne Béothy, Alfred Reth, Lajos Tihanyi and Ferenc Martyn, whereas László Moholy-Nagy received an external membership. A deeper research into the Parisian non-figurative formations of the 1930s, including Abstraction-Création, only took shape in the 1970s. Since then, Abstraction-Création has been discussed only occasionally, and a deeper discussion concerning the structure, the goals, or the history of the group is still missing. The same applies to the research on individual Hungarian artists; while for each of them the participation in the forum was presented as an important stage of their lives, so far only the participation of Béothy and Martyn has been examined in detail. Beyond the basic goal of the study to concentrate on Hungarian artists in the group, the re-evaluation and a new examination of Abstraction-Création are also placed in the focus. Based on a theoretical and historical analysis, the study compares Abstraction-Création with two non-figurative Parisian groups, clarifying the differences between them and pointing out that Abstraction-Création could not be viewed as a combination of the two of them. Drawing on hitherto unanalyzed documents, the author gives an overview of the organizational structure of the forum, and discusses, from an entirely new perspective, the role of the committee, their debates, their formation and cessation and their platforms, including their meetings, gallery and journal. The dissertation demonstrates the relation between Abstraction-Création and Surrealism by means of a stylistic and theoretical analysis. It claims that through the activities of the Hungarian members, all the facets of the group can be shown, particularly because of the fact that they did not form a special group within the association, but had their different individual roles and routes. The author presents what the original aims behind the admission of the Hungarian members were and how they benefited from the participation. The dissertation depicts the Parisian abstract period of Hungarian artists in the 1930s in an international artistic context and against a broader historical background
Bouchoux, Corinne. "" Si les tableaux pouvaient parler "... Le traitement politique et médiatique des retours d'oeuvres d'art pillées et spoliées par les nazis (France 1945-2008)." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951875.
Full textLavergne, Pascal de. "Approche(s) de l'imaginaire dans l'oeuvre photographique de J. H. Lartigue : du reflet à la part de l'ombre." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20059.
Full textLartigue's signature invites one to reconsider his photographic work from the stand point of the imaginary. Lartigue has left us with an unfinished piece of work which is both extremely complex and monumental and which cannot but catch one's eye and leave one faced with the question of the imaginary. Lartigue dreamed his life through photography: he invented a method which was trail-brazing : it mirrors a childhood game, a secret, a mystery. How does a body express itself in images when taken for a "photograph to be" ? ln this study, reading of his personal diary is of precious importance when trying to comprehend his albums. Photography becomes an act of faith, of belief, of knowledge mingling body and image in time, and giving life to a Story. The imaginary emerges via an "Image-Memory" created by the photograph, with father and mother' s images in the background. The photographic movement is a symbol of the search of times past and of a renewed childhool to brought to life via the magic of photography. Our study is an analysis which brushes through the Esthetic as well as the Plastic Arts, with the ain of going back to the origins of Lartigue' s method of work and to confront it to philosophy, literature and to the cinema. The idea of mounting will enable one to relive the " body-image" experience, to break down time, bring it to a stand still and to enlighten our understanding of the process of metamorphosis. Our project is aimed at studying the marks of this new, powerful and. Melancolic cinematographic work, which cannot be put into any category, and to try and find what internal mechanisms bring in perpetual movement of shapes between shapes
Laborie, Isabelle. "L'oeuvre, reflet d'un milieu : Michel-Maximilien Leenhardt, dit Max Leenhardt (1853-1941)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/7516.
Full textThe accidental discovery of archives preserved intact since 1941, brings a new light to the career of the French artist Michel Maximilien Leenhardt (known as Max Leenhardt). These sources reveal the multiple interests of a creator who was a painter, engraver, architect, writer and philosopher. The approach to his production is complex since it adapts to a relational context, a particular aim or an artistic emulation, obliging us to consider some of them, given their printed edition, as propaganda works which carry a political or mystical message. During the periods of socio-economic crisis and armed conflicts, painting “on the motive” is a way to philosophical and mystical thoughts. Max Leenhardt then joined the ideals of the movement of the «renewal of Swiss Christian art», whether through historical canvases with dimensions close to gigantism or sunsets on horizons. Thus, after identifying each network and their respective influences on the artistic production, we will detail the aspirations and compromises achieved by the artist. It is in fact his belonging to the Protestant upper bourgeoisie and his education that will force him to face aesthetic challenges, such as inventing an aesthetic halfway between impressionism and symbolism able to convey a committed message, militant or spiritual
Die zufällige Entdeckung von Archivmaterial, das seit 1941 unberührt geblieben war, stellt den Werdegang des französischen Malers Michel Maximilien Leenhardt (genannt Max Leenhardt) in einem neuen Licht dar. Diese Quellen lassen seine breit gefächerten Interessen erkennen, sei es in der Malerei, der Kupferstechkunst, der Architektur, der Dichtkunst oder der Philosophie. Sich seinem Schaffen zu nähern erweist sich umso schwieriger als es in engem Zusammenhang mit den Beziehungsgeflechten des Malers, seinen Reisen oder im Wettstreit mit anderen Künstlern entsteht. So müssen wir einige Werke, die in gedruckter Form herausgegeben worden sind, auch als Propagandawerke betrachten, die eine politische oder mystische Botschaft beinhalten. In Zeiten sozialer und wirtschaftlicher Krisen sowie kriegerischer Auseinandersetzungen bietet die Malerei „vor dem Motiv“ ((ohne Vorzeichnung und Nachbearbeitung im Atelier)) Raum für die philosophische und mystische Reflexion. Max Leenhardt wendet sich damit den Idealen der Bewegung zur „Erneuerung der christlichen Kunst in der Schweiz“ zu, was sich an seinen Historienbildern fast gigantischen Ausmaßes oder auch in seinen Sonnenuntergängen vor verschiedenen Horizonten manifestiert. Wir werden zunächst die Beziehungsnetzwerke mit ihren jeweiligen Einflüssen auf das Kunstschaffen des Malers herausarbeiten und anschließend seine Bestrebungen darlegen sowie die Kompromisse, die er eingehen musste. Aufgewachsen im protestantischen Großbürgertum und nach dessen Prinzipien erzogen sah er sich mit ästhetischen Herausforderungen konfrontiert - eine neue Ästhetik zu erfinden, auf halbem Weg zwischen Impressionismus und Symbolismus, um seine Botschaft, sei sie engagierter, militanter oder geistiger Natur, zu vermitteln
Parkmann, Fedora. "Paris-Prague. Transferts en photographie, 1918-1939." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040134.
Full textThis dissertation sets forth to explicate the transfers that occurred in photography between France and the Czech Lands during the interwar period. Rooted in a material approach towards the various circulations of individuals, images and concepts, this study considers the Czech photographic scene in light of its specific relation to France and analyzes the resulting hybridizations. The research focuses on photographic vectors such as photomechanical reproductions, exhibition catalogues and the activities of mediators and photographers working between the two countries. It illuminates a network of relations between French, German and Russian impulses and describes also the export of a local photographic production. The Czech surrealist current is a prominent hybridization that resulted from the strong reception of the French photographic scene. It was exported again as an original Czech production, and as such exemplifies the process of mutual circulation and transformation that describes the concept of transfer. An expansive study of Czech journeys to France, their photographic experience of the country and their subsequent contribution to the “Paris school of photography” complete this overview of the interactions and transfers between both countries.By situating Czech photography within the discourse of cultural transfers, this dissertation reveals actors, images, concepts and developments that until now have been critically absent from national photography histories. It also demonstrates how the receptivity of Czech photographers to France in return favored the emergence of photographic modernism in their country
Barlangue, Luce. "La vie artistique a toulouse 1888-1939." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20028.
Full textConsidering artistic life in toulouse from 1888 to 1939, two main periods can be regarded as characteristic : the first one took place from 1888 to 1914, the second one from 1919 to 1939. The first period shows a certain influence of toulouse on a national level thanks to a number of artists who worked for the state. By only choosing artists from toulouse to decorate the capitole and the urban space, the local authorities gave credit to the idea of the "ecole toulousaine". But at the same time other local artists were carrying out research into the revival of the decorative arts and painting exhibitions took place thanks to private initiative. These two facts contributed to the awareness of the different movements of contemporary creation. Afterwards there were several attempts to create a "meridional art" which would find its roots in the regional culture. All these attemps led to a nearly artistic autarky so the artistic life in toulouse went on unaware of the avant-garde research and culturated a kind of "happy medium" expression
Lefebvre, Géraldine. "Le cercle de l'Art Moderne, 1905-1910 : le Havre : place des modernités artistiques et culturelles en France au début du XXe siècle." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100009.
Full textOn the 29th of January 1906, a group of artists and collectors created the “Circle of Modern Art” in Le Havre. Among them were painters Georges Braque, Raoul Dufy and Émile Othon Friesz, the architect Édouard Choupaÿ, the art critic G. Jean-Aubry and some of the most important collectors of that time: Olivier Senn, Charles -Auguste Marande, Pieter van der Velde, Georges Dussueil and many others. The association's goal was to promote all aspects of Modern Art, organised many activities such as exhibits, conferences, concerts and so on. Monet, Renoir, Signac and especially the French “Fauves”—Matisse, Derain, Manguin, Marquet, Van Dongen, Vlaminck—exhibited their most recent creations while Debussy, Ravel and Roussel performed their most recent original compositions. Frantz Jourdain and Guillaume Apollinaire supported the association, which early on showed its affiliation with the Salon des XX in Brussels and the young Salon d'Automne in Paris. It was a great success in Le Havre and throughout France and Europe, resounding far beyond the city's borders. This study goes back to those crucial years in Le Havre and focuses on that very special time that saw the creation of a real art market devoted to the “Fauve” painters, with its art dealers, critics and collectors. The “Circle of Modern Art” definitely influenced the artistic policy of Le Havre, opening it up to contemporary art and ranking the city as a cultural Capital of Modern Art, directly in conjunction with Paris and Brussels
Samacher, Jean-Yves Olivier. "Le statut de l'œuvre chez Antonin Artaud et David Nebreda." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC029/document.
Full textWhich logic is guiding the multimodal creations proposed by Antonin Artaud and David Nebreda ? What kind of status can be applied to their “(art)works” ? In order to answer these questions, we will lead an esthetical research and study concurrently the specificities of the creative process in psychosis. We will examine Artaud’s and Nebreda’s productions through the notions of setting and performativity. We will underline the abolition of representation and the crumbling of the stage as well as the limits of play / subjectivity. We will show the predominance of the Real and Imaginary registers as they have been conceived by JacquesLacan. By Artaud and Nebreda, the uncontrolled corporal manifestations and the intra-psychicconflicts generate simultaneous recreations of the body and language as, in the same time, they achieve a sort of sort killing ceremony, tracing unseen signs, outlining strange trails and pointing toward the horizon of a new birth
Marseille, Gilles. "Urbanisme et architecture domestique de l’Entre-deux-guerres à Nancy et dans son agglomération." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0366/document.
Full textThis study concerns the domestic architecture in Nancy and the 19 towns of its suburbs from 1919 to 1939. The important size of the corpus (6600 buildings) and of the area studied highlights the urban and architectural processes that contribute to the creation of the city. The relationships between the city council, developers, social housing organizations and intellectual societies are analyzed to trace the path that leads from the plan to the urban reality. The post-war reconstruction project, the law controlling urbanism or social housing (Loucheur Act) and the effects of the 1930’s crisis on the land and housing development are looked back on using modern technical (GIS) and conceptual tools. The comparisons with national (even international) models place the study in a broader perspective where Nancy and its suburbs become a medium for reflection on this moment in the history of French cities. In addition, the exhaustive inventory allows looking at all the building production without hierarchy. This study, combining the mundane and the outstanding, highlights permanencies and hybridisations. The legacy of Eclecticism and Art Nouveau coexists with the diffusion of new trends such as the Modern movement and Art Deco. The examination of Nancy’s case contributes to the new definition of the latter style and of a better understanding of its evolution during the 1930’s. Finally, this study is the opportunity to show that domestic architecture is a physical transcription of a social order, which is reflected in the quality of interior design and building facades as medium of representation
Rotermund-Reynard, Ines. "« Dieses ist ein Land, in dem ein Kunstmensch leben kann ! » : der Kunstkritiker Paul Westheim im Prozess der Akkulturation während der französischen und mexikanischen Emigration 1933-1963." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0113.
Full textThe thesis is a study of the life of Paul Westheim and his activity as an art critic during three decades of emigration in France and Mexico. A biographical study on one hand, it describes the various stages of Westheim's exile, including an analysis of unpublished texts dealing with his internment in France as a German anti-fascist at the beginning of World War II. In the realm of ideas, the thesis explores the transformations that occurred in Westheim's ideas as a result of his intercultural experience. Recognized in Mexico as a historian of pre-Hispanic art, he sought to understand artistic phenomena as an expression of their spiritual and psychic origins. The study focuses on Westheim's esthetic position, re-examining the theoretic context of his thought and analyzing the phenomenon of cultural transfer as illustrated by a man of the arts, who himself was neither artist, nor writer, nor theorist, nor art historian, but a mediator whose works shed light on all these domains
Boulouch, Nathalie. "La photographie autochrome en France (1904-1931)." Paris : N. Boulouch, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35825973r.
Full textRyu, Soonok. "Charles Masson, ses commanditaires et l’architecture domestique à Nancy pendant l’entre-deux-guerres." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0166/document.
Full textCharles Masson (1894-1971) was one of the leading architects of the interwar period in Nancy. People are still studying the effects of this historical and architectural period in Nancy and Lorraine. Adopting the classic form of an architectural monograph, this thesis both contributes to these studies and tries to broaden the study by mentioning the patrons. First of all, it focuses on the life of this architect, born in Moselle when Moselle was a part of Germany and whose German upbringing gives his work a unique character. Masson's oeuvre consists of 57 buildings, which have all been defined, studied, and collected together in a catalog, which constitutes the third volume of this thesis. Geographically, they are primarily located in Nancy and almost half of them are located in the famous Parc de Saurupt, the Mecca of Art Nouveau architecture and where Masson invested a lot of his time and effort, but when it comes to the types of buildings, he only designed villas, houses, and apartments. There are no public buildings in his work. Masson is unique in having only worked on residential architecture in Nancy. The 41 identified patrons are therefore all individuals, who all come from a variety of backgrounds and social classes, generally belonging to the wealthy bourgeoisie. This thesis not only looks at the life and work of Masson, but also attempts to understand the relationship between the architect and his clients, an issue which up to now, as far as the architecture of the interwar period is concerned, has not been treated seriously or systematically. It is one of the primary goals of this thesis to try to address the nature of Masson's clientele head-on. For this, the archives have proven essential, but no correspondence has yet been found despite the vast majority of the plans drawn up by Masson having been preserved. We supplemented this by carefully studying the social profile of each patron and by examining the plans and architecture of each building. We were able to identify their biases and estimate the client’s wishes, whether they dreamed of owning a luxury villa or were looking for a bargain property. This study has revealed an unknown architect from Nancy, who despite the importance of his work, has helped contribute to the knowledge of the domestic architecture and the clientele of the architects of the interwar period
Cléren, Marie. "Entre figuration et abstraction, danse et poésie plastiques : échanges et influences entre les peintres, les chorégraphes et les librettistes entre 1909 et 1933, en France, Allemagne, Italie et Suisse." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040133.
Full textIn the run-up to the 20th century, a multifaceted phenomenon called pictorial abstraction has turned the art community upside down. In Europe, from the “Belle Epoque” to the Roaring Twenties, avant-garde painters have crossed paths with poets and choreographers with whom they shared their desire for change. Their collaborations with donors and enlightened amateurs gave rise to a new kind of shows in which the boundaries between the various artistic disciplines have been abolished. The association of painting to spatial art and dance that also brought in time, raised questions that led to an idea of a “plastic ballet” as a substitute for “dramatic ballet”; an idea put forward by Noverre. The choreographic and pictorial worlds have had a reciprocal influence on one another; however, the research world is only now starting to consider the significance of these interactions. Anyhow, is it possible to talk about a total abstraction within this particular field, knowing that nothing can be more concrete than a dancing body? This trend is not a linear evolution from figuration towards abstraction between 1909 and 1933 but some principles used on canvases were applied in the ballet world, both on stage and backstage. Will painters manage to break the illusion by breaking out of the cage-like stage? By expanding the sizes of their paintings, will they have anything else to show than animated tableaux? What happens to the libretto in a ballet where letters are outweighed by colours and shapes? Questioning abstraction in literature involves questioning the mere existence of texts as the underpinning of ballets. Yet, the libretto is far from disappearing ; it transforms itself and is thus at the forefront of this abstract composition
Trankvillitskaïa, Tatiana. "Sous l'oeil des instances officielles : la coopération entre peintres français et soviétiques dans l'entre-deux-guerres." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30056.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on artistic exchange between France and the USSR in the interwar period, its mechanisms and the benefits it presented. This period can be divided into four successive phases, accounting for the four parts this research falls into. The first part studies the years leading up to the recognition of the USSR by France and the setting up of diplomatic relations (prior to 1924); the second part deals with the first official links following the recognition (1925-1928); the third part focuses on the years 1928-1934, a period of economic change also known as « the Great Turn » in Soviet economy and the fourth and final part spans the years after socialist realism was established from 1934 on up to the outbreak of the war. This research questions the stereotypical approach to the link between art and ideology and asks whether Soviet painting, as shown during exhibitions in France, was similar to that shown in the USSR and whether it was, or not, a sheer tool for propaganda. Under what form was Soviet art presented in France and what role did authorities play in organizing artistic events? The role played by the actors of this exchange is studied: state authorities, associations, art galleries, art specialists, intellectuals, collectors, intellectuals, and last but not least the artists themselves. Also studied are the exhibitions of French artists and how their trips to the USSR were organized. This research shows that politics, ideology and money are tightly linked together and that money played a decisive role for Soviet authorities