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1
Kunz, Hans-Joachim. "Bibliographische Arbeit der SÄchsischen Landesbibliothek Dresden auf dem Gebiet der bildenden kunst." Art Libraries Journal 11, no. 1 (1986): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030747220000448x.
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The Bibliographie Bildende Kunst has come out annually since 1973. It records literature of various kinds about painting, graphic art, plastic art, architecture, applied art, book art, design, folk art, artistic photography as well as theory and history of art. The compilation comprises monographs, periodical essays and important contributions from the daily press. Every yearly volume contains an index of authors and an index of subjects. Every five years a cumulated index is published. Since 1973 the Bibliographie Illustrierte Bucher der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik has come out. It lists GDR publications containing artistic illustrations. Every yearly volume is made accessible by means of an index of authors and subject titles. Index cumulations are published every five years. In 1984 a list concerning the location of periodicals and serials about Fine Arts in libraries of the German Democratic Republic was published. It contains titles from the 18th mid-century onward up to the present, including information on the particular ownership of GDR libraries. These publications are obtainable from Sächsische Landesbibliothek Dresden, GDR-8060 Dresden, PSF 467/468.
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März, Roland, and Debbie Lewer. "Introduction to From Collage to Assemblage: Aspects of Material Art in the GDR." Art in Translation 5, no. 1 (2013): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175613113x13547854569447.
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Troebst, Stefan. "Evacuation to a Cold Country: Child Refugees from the Greek Civil War in the German Democratic Republic, 1949–1989*." Nationalities Papers 32, no. 3 (2004): 675–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0090599042000246442.
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We Greek political emigres celebrate the thirtieth historical anniversary of the GDR as our own holiday since we are vitally connected to this state from its first steps onwards. We feel better than any other foreigner the great joy and the pride of the people of the GDR since, from the foundation of its socialist state, we are marching side by side and since then we by way of our small contribution feel as co-constructors of this grand act. The thirtieth anniversary of the GDR coincides with the thirtieth anniversary of our political emigration to this hospitable country. Today we all remember the first years after our arrival and our caring reception in the GDR. (Speech of the day at the central celebration of the Greek political emigres in the GDR devoted to the thirtieth anniversary of the GDR and the thirtieth anniversary of the political emigration, Dresden, 29 September 1979).
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Tobin, Elizabeth H., and Jennifer Gibson. "The Meanings of Labor: East German Women's Work in the Transition from Nazism to Communism." Central European History 28, no. 3 (1995): 301–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900011857.
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In Christoph Wetzel's 1988 painting, An Everyday Story, the divided canvas proudly depicts women's accomplishments in the German Democratic Republic (Figure 1). On one side, a woman operates a large piece of heavy machinery in a rolling mill, cool and competent behind the enormous mass of metal and gears. On the other side, the same woman helps her two children prepare for school in the morning. In the act of combing her daughter's hair, she looks out directly at the viewer, her expression asking: “And what are you surprised at?” This painting, displayed as part of a 1995 exposition on art commissioned by government agencies in the GDR, graphically displays that government's ideological commitment to women's paid labor, especially in jobs that, in capitalist societies, are often thought to be inappropriate for women.
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Larkey, Edward. "GDR Rock goes West: Finding a Voice in the West German Market." German Politics and Society 23, no. 4 (2005): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2005.230403.
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Culture in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) is often characterized as isolated from that of the West, with artists locked behind the Iron Curtain, having no opportunities to interact directly with global trends. While this may be true to a great extent for the general population, we should not close our eyes to the actual cross-border movements of artists and art forms that did take place in that regime. Many producers of artistic texts interacted with the West—not just well-known writers and theater directors like Christa Wolf or Bruno Besson, but also rock bands. Indeed, a few privileged GDR bands, belonging to the group of Reisekader (travel functionaries) were granted permission to travel to the West. An analysis of their interactions with their domestic audiences and with audiences in the West gives a more nuanced view regarding the nature of cultural globalization that continues into the 21st century, and provides insights into the role of cultural industries in cultural and political change today. The story of these bands contributes to our knowledge on how GDR authorities were unable to perceive and manage cultural creativity in an era of networked, flexible, and relatively autonomous creators.
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Skare, Roswitha. ""Kann jemand, der diese Musik gehört hat, […] noch ein schlechter Mensch sein?" – om Wieslers forandring og kunstens påståtte rolle i denne prosessen." Nordlit 16, no. 2 (2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.2371.
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The Life of Others (2006) has been a successful film, winning the Oscar for Best Foreign Feature in 2007. It is a film about surveillance, but also about the lives of artists and writers in East Berlin in the middle of the 1980s, and about what role literature and art played in the GDR and in the events of autumn 1989. The article focuses on the way the film portrays Wiesler’s transformation from hard-boiled Stasi officer into the guardian angel of his target, and shows how art – both literature and music – plays an important role in this process.
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Goeschen, Ulrike. "From Socialist Realism to Art in Socialism: The Reception of Modernism as an Instigating Force in the Development of Art in the GDR." Third Text 23, no. 1 (2009): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09528820902786669.
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Kaschek, Bertram. "Face to Face: Christian Borchert's Artist Portraits from 1975/76." Journal of Modern European History 16, no. 4 (2018): 547–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944-2018-4-547.
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Face to Face: Christian Borchert's Artist Portraits from 1975/76 The Artist Portraits from 1975/76 were Christian Borchert's (1942–2000) first great project as a freelance photographer. For almost two years, Borchert travelled the GDR in order to take the likenesses of about 200 artists (painters, sculptors, writers, composers and film-makers). He finally presented a good number of them in two much-noticed Berlin exhibitions in the fall of 1976. This article investigates the aesthetic, social and political implications of Borchert's complex project, which so far has never been subject to detailed scholarly analysis. It demonstrates how Borchert, working in a totalitarian system, which attempted to socialize, profile and control public discourse, made use of photography as a medium of negotiation between the private and the public, between individual aspirations and official ideals, and between art and politics.
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Dickel, Hans. "Deutsch-deutsche Kunstgeschichte am Beispiel von Hanne Darboven und Werner Tübke." Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 79, no. 1 (2016): 92–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkg-2016-0006.
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Abstract Deutsch-deutsche Kunstgeschichte am Beispiel von Hanne Darboven und Werner Tübke The histories of art in former East and West Germany have been described as evolving synchronously. This article, arguing from another point of view, analyzes two works from the 1980s, both of them outstanding in purpose and size: Werner Tübke’s monumental painting Frühbürgerliche Revolution in Deutschland in the Museum Bad Frankenhausen (formerly GDR) and Hanne Darboven’s Bismarckzeit in the Kunstmuseum Bonn (FRG). The investigation into their subjects, forms, and contents within their historical contexts – the period of Erich Honecker’s claim for a socialist tradition and Helmut Schmidt’s Realpolitik, respectively – reveals a greater distinctness grounded on different concepts of art, i.e., anti-modern (Tübke) versus modernist (Darboven). Nevertheless, in their view of German history a common kind of scepticism about teleology may be discerned, which is based on the artists’ shared experiences of Germany’s disastrous contribution to the twentieth century.
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Welsh, Helga A. "The Elite Conundrum in the GDR: Lessons from the District Level." German Studies Review 24, no. 1 (2001): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1433154.
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Tüffers, Bettina. "The 10th Volkskammer of the GDR – Just a keen student or a parliament with its own culture?" Contributions to Contemporary History 55, no. 3 (2015): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51663/pnz.55.3.02.
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The last parliament of the GDR, the 10. Volkskammer, existed only from March to October 1990 and was undoubtedly different from those in other eastern European communist countries. This had to do with its special situation as the parliament of one half of a former united nation. After the victory of the conservatives in the election of March 1990 it was clear that the majority of voters wanted unification with West Germany according to Art. 23 of the German Constitution and as quickly as possible. This meant reunification by accession of the GDR to the Federal Republic. It was the Volkskammer’s main task to organize this process. Given that the 400 newly elected MPs were completely unexperienced following the model of the German Bundestag was probably the only way to be able to tackle the problems they were faced with. But this meant too that there was little room and no time to develop own solutions to their problems. Critics saw the massive support by West German political parties and institutions as a form of colonization. And a lot of MPs too were highly critical of their work. A feeling of lack of influence and powerlessness was widespread. But, as the example of the reintroduction of the five Länder shows, both sides could pull in the same direction too.This article tries to answer the question whether this parliament was only an assiduous student of its West German master or despite the circumstances able to develop its own culture and its own pace.
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Kruger, Loren. ""Stories from the Production Line": Modernism and Modernization in the GDR Production Play." Theatre Journal 46, no. 4 (1994): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3209072.
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Hillhouse, Raelynn J. "Out of the Closet behind the Wall: Sexual Politics and Social Change in the GDR." Slavic Review 49, no. 4 (1990): 585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2500548.
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The search for avenues to express changing cultural values has shaped recent politics in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). During the past decade tens of thousands of GDR citizens became involved in new social movements that included issueoriented groups within both the Protestant church and such mass organizations as the Kulturbund (League of Culture) and the Freie Deutsche Jungend (Free German Youth, FDJ). The rise of these issue-oriented movements evoked reactions from the former government ranging from repression to accommodation. Perhaps the most striking example of the old regime's response to social change can be seen in the emergence of a very visible gay and lesbian movement. Beginning with a handful of activists within the Evangelical church, the East German gay and lesbian movement expanded into state and party institutions throughout the republic. In 1985, partially in response to the growing movement, the state began a campaign to end discrimination on the basis of sexual and emotional orientation.
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Frackman, Kyle. "Justinian Jampol, ed. Beyond the Wall: Art and Artifacts from the GDRJustinian Jampol, ed. Beyond the Wall: Art and Artifacts from the GDR. Cologne: Taschen, 2014. 904 pp. US$150 (Hardcover). ISBN 978-3-8365-4885-4." Seminar: A Journal of Germanic Studies 53, no. 3 (2017): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/seminar.53.3.305.
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Rajch, Marek. "Kriegsliteratur aus der DDR und die Zensur in der Volksrepublik Polen in den ersten Nachkriegsjahren." Studia Germanica Posnaniensia, no. 37 (April 15, 2017): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sgp.2016.37.19.
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From all of the German literature distributed in Poland during the first half of the nineteen fifties, that of the GDR was the most strongly represented, because like the People's Republic, it was part of the Eastern Bloc. A substantial part of this literature touched upon the themes of the Second World War. As some prominent Eastern German authors had taken part in the Spanish Civil War in 1936-1939, this subject also couldn't be ignored.The introduction in 1949 of socialist realism as the most important criterion of art, and particulary strong political pressure, led to a great deal of confusion and insecurity, not only for Polish publishing houses, but also among the censors, whose task was to take decisions about what literature could be printed. Censors’ opinions in this period often differed, not only in terms of detailed matter, but also in the final decisions about the eventual fate of the title submitted for evaluation.
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Czekay, Angelika. "Moving Beyond Imaginary Walls: FIT's Handbook Women in European Theatre Today." Theatre Research International 24, no. 3 (1999): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300019118.
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As a materialist feminist from the former West Berlin I have always been in support of the German Democratic Republic as a system that granted womenextensive social benefits through the law. Before German reunification, rights to apprenticeship, employment, day care, and abortion were secured for East German women. Thus, in my imagination, the German Democratic Republic (GDR) occupied a space where gender and class equality were guaranteed—at least on paper.
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Rosenberg, Dorothy J. "Shock Therapy: GDR Women in Transition from a Socialist Welfare State to a Social Market Economy." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 17, no. 1 (1991): 129–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/494717.
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Groop, Kim. "Undoing GDR Iconoclasm: The Return and Interpretation of a Spiritual and Academic Heritage through the Building of the Paulinum in Leipzig." Church History 88, no. 4 (2019): 1013–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000964071900249x.
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On the first Sunday of Advent in 2017, a new university church was consecrated at Leipzig University in Germany. This celebration brought to an end the five-decade-long absence of a church within the old university. The inauguration of the Paulinum—as the combined church and assembly hall was named—visibly reconnected the university with a church history involving the active participation of personalities such as Martin Luther, Johann Tetzel, Felix Mendelssohn, and Johann Sebastian Bach. Under scrutiny in this article is the 1968 destruction of the University Church of Saint Paul, originally a medieval monastery, by the Socialist Unity Party (SED) as a kind of socialist iconoclasm. Through the destruction of the University Church of Saint Paul, I argue, the church became something of an architectonic and cultural martyr. Although the Paulinum is not viewed as a direct continuation of the university church, its completion and refurbishing with art treasures from the old church has, however, come to be viewed as a counterpart to SED barbarism and as an undoing of some aspects of the destruction. Moreover, some episodes from the university church and its destruction have been passed on and attached to the Paulinum as a mnemonic layer, much valued by the university, city, and region.
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Schenck, Marcia C. "Negotiating the German Democratic Republic: Angolan student migration during the Cold War, 1976–90." Africa 89, S1 (2019): S144—S166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972018000955.
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AbstractThis article traces the experiences of Angolan students who attended East German institutions of higher education between Angolan independence and the fall of the Berlin Wall. Based on oral histories collected in Luanda from twenty-one returned Angolan students in 2015, triangulated with archival material from Angola and the GDR, it argues that students negotiated between accommodation and resistance in their everyday life at the university and beyond. Conscious of the importance of academic success and adaptation to the East German learning culture, Angolan students drew a line when regulations infringed on their personal freedom and responded by engaging East German officials in discussion or simply by circumnavigating the rules. The life history of a female student illustrates how she negotiated between responsibility to formal learning and personal needs within a controlling society. When one considers the conditions of Angolan student life in East Germany as a whole, it becomes apparent that the East German notion of the model foreign student did not map onto the complexities of Angolan student lives. This article sheds light on the student migration of a generation of Angolan post-independence technocrats, many of whom studied in the former East during the Cold War. Through the eyes of Angolan educational migrants, we see the limits and possibilities of the lives of foreign students in the GDR.
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Arzhanova, Olga N., Anna V. Rulyova, Yulia M. Paykacheva, Alina O. Ivanova, and Natalya G. Nichiporuk. "Risk of developing gestational diabetes in women after assisted reproductive technologies." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 68, no. 2 (2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd68217-22.
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Hypothesis/aims of study. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is an independent risk factor for the development of GDM. Among other risk factors are overweight, diabetes burdened heredity, previous GDM, previous birth weight more than 4 kgs, stillbirth, miscarriage in history, glucosuria, polyhydramnios in this pregnancy, age over 30 years, polycystic ovary syndrome. The most significant risk factor for GDM is excess weight before pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the risks of GDM in patients after ART.
 Study design, materials, and methods. 342 case histories of women with single pregnancy for the period 2014–2017 were studied on archival material. The main group consisted of 234 women with single pregnancy after ART. The comparison group comprised 108 medical records of fertile women with a history of single pregnancy that occurred spontaneously. The exclusion criteria in the comparison group were pregestational diabetes mellitus and severe extragenital pathology.
 Results. The incidence of GDM was significantly higher in the group of women in whom pregnancy occurred after ART compared to the comparison group (15.4 ± 0.4% and 5.5 ± 0.4% respectively). In the main group, patients were more likely to have overweight, extragenital pathology and pregnancy complications.
 Conclusion. The increase in the frequency of GDM among patients after ART is probably associated with late reproductive age, initially negative somatic background at the time of entry into the IVF protocols, as well as long-term hormone therapy during pregnancies after ART, starting from early terms.
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Williamson, David L., Cory M. Dungan, Abeer M. Mahmoud, Jacob T. Mey, Brian K. Blackburn, and Jacob M. Haus. "Aberrant REDD1-mTORC1 responses to insulin in skeletal muscle from Type 2 diabetics." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 309, no. 8 (2015): R855—R863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00285.2015.
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The objective of this study was to establish whether alterations in the REDD1-mTOR axis underlie skeletal muscle insensitivity to insulin in Type 2 diabetic (T2D), obese individuals. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained from lean, control and obese, T2D subjects under basal and after a 2-h hyperinsulinemic (40 mU·m−2·min−1)-euglycemic (5 mM) clamp. Muscle lysates were examined for total REDD1, and phosphorylated Akt, S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), 4E-BP1, ERK1/2, and MEK1/2 via Western blot analysis. Under basal conditions [(-) insulin], T2D muscle exhibited higher S6K1 and ERK1/2 and lower 4E-BP1 phosphorylation ( P < 0.05), as well as elevations in blood cortisol, glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin ( P < 0.05) vs. lean controls. Following insulin infusion, whole body glucose disposal rates (GDR; mg/kg/min) were lower ( P < 0.05) in the T2D vs. the control group. The basal-to-insulin percent change in REDD1 expression was higher ( P < 0.05) in muscle from the T2D vs. the control group. Whereas, the basal-to-insulin percent change in muscle Akt, S6K1, ERK1/2, and MEK1/2 phosphorylation was significantly lower ( P < 0.05) in the T2D vs. the control group. Findings from this study propose a REDD1-regulated mechanism in T2D skeletal muscle that may contribute to whole body insulin resistance and may be a target to improve insulin action in insulin-resistant individuals.
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Keck, G., N. Reichel, A. Zimmermann, I. Trinkaus, A. Schultz, and W. Distler. "291. Potential role of Glycodelin for fertilization success in ART." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 9 (2005): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb05abs291.
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Background: Glycodelin (Gd), a dimeric glycoprotein, appears in the female and male reproductive tract in isoforms like GdA from amniotic fluid and endometrium, GdF from follicular fluid, GdS from seminal plasma and on sperm surface as well. Little is known about the role of Gd in IVF. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of the Gd-amount in supernatants of IVF-cultures to fertilization success. Methods: Employing monoclonal antibody (mAb) M4f8 soluble Gd levels were evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We assayed 107 supernatants after 18 h in-vitro fertilisation of single cultured oocytes (S18) with 100000 motile spermatozoa derived from 11 couples undergoing conventional IVF procedure. The results have been compared to blanks comprised of sperm suspensions incubated without any oocytes. The Gd-content in S18 were correlated to fertilization success and characterized by PN-scoring 18 h after insemination. Furthermore we evaluated supernatants (n = 21) of oocytes after ICSI. Total protein (TP) of all supernatants was assessed for calculating the Gd/TP-ratio. Results: The soluble Gd values were calculated for the cultures belonging to each couple. The levels of Gd differed interindividually by a wide range from 4.9 up to 69.2 ng/mL (0.1–3.0% Gd/TP) and in the blanks 2.0–59.5 ng/mL (0.1–4.5% Gd/TP) as well. We associated a couple specific Gd level from 10.0–60.0 ng/mL with a high fertilisation rate (FR = 88%). Both a soluble Gd at a lower level in sperm–oocyte suspensions and a S18 > 60.0 ng/mL were accompanied by a decreased FR (25%). The supernatants (n = 21) after ICSI (FR = 14%) were found Gd-free. Conclusions: Gd-amounts in S18 fluctuated both between the different patients and within their individual sperm–egg cultures. Therefore the protein is suggested not being introduced by spermatozoa only but rather by cumulus cell effects. Beside other parameters one of the fertilisation-dependant factors may be the patient-specific Gd concentration in the surrounding medium.
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Békés, Csaba. "Hungary, the Soviet Bloc, the German Question, and the CSCE Process, 1965–1975." Journal of Cold War Studies 18, no. 3 (2016): 95–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00654.
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This article analyzes Hungarian and Soviet-bloc policies vis-à-vis the German question and European security in the period preceding the signature of the Helsinki Final Act, based on extensive use of records of the Warsaw Pact's highest-level multilateral meetings. During these crucial years, the leaders of the Soviet bloc were sharply divided, and the formulation of a unified position concerning the Helsinki process was possible only after fierce internal fights between the “security-concerned” countries of the Warsaw Pact (the GDR, Poland, Czechoslovakia) and the “economy-oriented” sub-bloc (Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria). Soviet leaders initially cooperated with the first group, but from 1969 on they mostly sided with the second.
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Siemens, Daniel. "Elusive Security in the GDR: Remigrants from the West at the Faculty of Journalism in Leipzig, 1945–61." Central Europe 11, no. 1 (2013): 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1479096313z.00000000010.
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Ravi, Preethi, Lakshmi Shanmuga Sundaram, and Kundavi Shankar. "Interventions for gestational diabetes: impact of assisted reproduction." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 5 (2021): 1878. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20211505.
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Background: This study was to assess whether assisted conception acts as a predictor for insulin therapy in gestational diabetes (GDM) treatment. The secondary aim of this study was to analyse the type of interventions that aided control of blood glucose. The role of ART as a risk factor that increases the risk of insulin therapy in GDM remains elusive. Many studies have established the increased association of GDM with ART conceptions. Factors like advanced maternal age, polycystic ovarian syndrome or obesity that increase GDM risk also contribute to subfertility. Increased level of Hb A1C, elevated FBS values are considered as risk factors for antenatal insulin therapy in women with GDM. This study was to assess if assisted reproduction is an independent variable associated with insulin therapy.Methods: In this retrospective study, GDM was diagnosed by fasting blood sugar and 2 hours postprandial or 75 gms OGTT based on IADPSG criteria with FBS >90, 2hr >140. Among the 121 GDM mothers, 42 women were ART conceptions and 79 were spontaneous conceptions. The entire study population (121) was divided into 3 groups based on the treatment required. Diet and lifestyle modifications only, diet and life style modifications with OHA and OHA with or without insulin therapy. The demographic, clinical, biochemical data were compared between groups. Details were obtained from case notes and entered in an excel sheet and SSPS software was used for statistical analysis. Inclusion criteria was all GDM pregnancies in the study period (4 years; January 2014 to December 2017) for whom case notes were available. Exclusion criteria was women with diabetes prior to pregnancy, those who moved elsewhere for delivery and multiple gestations.Results: There was no difference in the insulin requirement between ART conception and spontaneous conceptions. Out of 121 women, 34 women (28%) required diet and life style management, 38 women required OHA (31%), 49 women required insulin (40%). 73% of women who were managed with diet were spontaneous conceptions. Preterm labor was the commonest complication encountered (17%). ART women had more number of perinatal complications, in all treatment groups.Conclusions: ART was not a predictor for insulin therapy in this study group. The largest group of intervention for GDM was with insulin, 40%. Perinatal complications were seen more in ART mothers with GDM compared with spontaneous conceptions. Spontaneous conceptions women had more percentage of management with diet and life style modifications.
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Cohen-Shalev, Amir, and Aviva Rapoport. "Mondrian and the “Boogie Woogies”: Interruption of Inner Developmental Logic or Completion in Old Age?" International Journal of Aging and Human Development 36, no. 1 (1993): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/g7dr-mnad-x161-k5tr.
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Taking the work of the painter Piet Mondrian as a point of departure, artistic continuity and change are examined from a lifespan developmental perspective. It is argued that decontextualized continuity tends to occur within a given lifestage, whereas contextualized change is apt to emerge during a transition from one lifestage to another. Thus, Mondrian's gradual development of a unique style, predicated on logical, stage-like unfolding, is related to a midlife emphasis on formal structure. From a similar perspective, his dramatic shift away from this inner logic of development in his last work, the Boogie Woogies, is attributed to an ultimate effort in old age to synthesize art and reality, to reconcile a conflict between the laws of art and direct expression of sense experience.
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McCormick, Dennis R., and Margy Gerber. "Studies in GDR Culture and Society 4: Selected Papers from the Ninth New Hampshire Symposium on the German Democratic Republic." German Studies Review 9, no. 1 (1986): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1429154.
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Konig, Fritz H., and Margy Gerber. "Studies in GDR Culture and Society 8, Selected Papers from the Thirteenth New Hampshire Symposium on the German Democratic Republic." German Studies Review 13, no. 3 (1990): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1430829.
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Ott, Walter. "Did East German Border Guards Along the Berlin Wall Act Illegally?" Israel Law Review 34, no. 3 (2000): 352–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700012012.
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The German Democratic Republic's practice of firing upon istowncitizens is well-known. The question arises whether acts which were exempt from punishment in theGDRcan be punished today inreunifiedGermany? The West German Constitution expresses the notion that retroactive effect of penal laws is prohibited. However, the German Courts, above the Federal Constitutional Court (decision of 24/10/1996) have affirmed the criminal liability of East German border guards based on G. Radbruch's “natural law doctrine.”As a conclusion, it becomes clear that the illegality of acts of Berlin Wall guards can only be derived by following either the Federal Constitutional Court's natural law strategy or the strategy of a strict Statutory Positivism (Gesetzespositivismus); since it can be shown that official instructions and orders to shoot were not permissiblebeneaththe level of constitutional provisions, normal statutes or regulations justifiy restrictions on the human dignity and integrity (in particular the right to life and liberty) of GDR citizens.
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DREYER, MATTHIAS. "Prospective Genealogies: Einar Schleef's Choric Theatre." Theatre Research International 34, no. 2 (2009): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883309004477.
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Since the 1980s, a growing number of performances in Europe have created new forms of choric theatre in search of altered concepts of the political. In Germany, one of its pioneers was the GDR-born director Einar Schleef (1944–2001). The article explores his oeuvre, from his first choric production Mothers (1986), a classical drama project, to his last production, Betrayed People (2000), which focused on the problem of revolution in Germany. Schleef's genealogical project reintroduced the chorus as a repressed figure that develops a spectral potentiality. Through a detailed analysis of Schleef's approach to performing history, the article examines how choric theatre initiates theatrical processes of cultural remembrance and creates a relation to the past that becomes generative of the future.
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Sevin, Dieter, and Margy Gerber. "Studies in GDR Culture and Society: Selected Papers from the Fourteenth New Hampshire Symposium on the German Democratic Republic, Vol. 9." German Studies Review 14, no. 1 (1991): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1430223.
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Reisinger, William M. "The International Regime of Soviet-East European Economic Relations." Slavic Review 49, no. 4 (1990): 554–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2500546.
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In recent years, scholars of international relations have realized how poor have been their predictions, based on relative military or economic strength, of the outcome of negotiations or disputes. The strong often do not prevail or must compromise to a surprising extent. The Soviet Union's relations with its six East European allies have also exhibited this phenomenon. Even during the period when Soviet leaders were committed to maintaining control over Eastern Europe as a vital underpinning of Soviet security, and despite the Soviet Union's disproportionate strength in the region, the East European states departed from Soviet wishes in a variety of ways. In the late 1980s, this departure, for a while, took the ironic form of Romania, the GDR, and Czechoslovakia flouting Soviet calls for reform.
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Bauerkamper, Arnd. "Collectivization and Memory: Views of the past and the Transformation of Rural Society in the GDR from 1952 to the Early 1960s." German Studies Review 25, no. 2 (2002): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1432990.
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Rehman, Nida, and Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry. "Anthropological Account of Traditional Musical Instruments." Global Sociological Review II, no. I (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2017(ii-i).01.
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The art of making a musical instrument, playing it and to move or dance to that instrument is duly considered to be an abhorrent act in Pakistan. The use of musical instruments in Pakistan is going to be extinct over time. Research in Pakistan has yet to be done in this area. The musical instruments are source of bread and butter for artists and performers as their lives are connected with these instruments. Both instrument performers and the artists were selected as respondents. The data was collected from 25 artists and performers through cluster samplings. Based on the interviews, the importance of instruments, their values and methods on the rhythms were collected from the performers (participants). The government and art Institutions in the country can play a pivotal role in saving and preserving the instruments and the artists classical culture.
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Gatejel, Luminita. "Appealing for a Car: Consumption Policies and Entitlement in the USSR, the GDR, and Romania, 1950s-1980s." Slavic Review 75, no. 1 (2016): 122–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.75.1.122.
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In this article, I analyze the correspondence between state authorities and citizens in the USSR, the GDR, and Romania. As the consumerist turn spread across the eastern bloc, an important focus of the populations' appeals to the authorities concerned the appropriate levels and conditions of consumption. Their letters display growing consumer aspirations, and from the mid-1960s onward a significant number of these petitions expressed the desire to buy a car. However, when state authorities failed to deliver enough cars, they also shaped a new attitude toward consumption. On the one hand, the population asked for automobiles as favors. On the other, a new discourse of entitlement and even “consumer rights” surfaced. Citizens started to expect a certain lifestyle; moreover, they even believed themselves to be entitled to it. As a consequence, their new sense of entitlement diluted the culture of favors and privilege, thereby contributing to the crisis of legitimacy in late socialism.
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Mumford, Meg. "Brecht Studies Stanislavski: Just a Tactical Move?" New Theatre Quarterly 11, no. 43 (1995): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x0000912x.
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In the 'fifties Brecht undertook an examination of Stanislavski's theatre which in terms of breadth and intensity was unprecedented in his career – and rehearsal documentation from that period testifies that he incorporated some of Stanislavski's methods into the stage practice of the Berliner Ensemble. The seriousness of his study is attested by the organized collection of notes on the production of Katzgraben recently discovered in Elizabeth Hauptmann's estate. Brecht's preoccupation with Stanislavski at this time has been seen as an attempt to protect his theatre's existence in an environment where Stanislavski, socialist realism, and the communist cause were regarded as interlinked. In this paper, Meg Mumford, recently appointed to a lectureship in theatre in the University of Glasgow, outlines the nature of Brecht's study of Stanislavski, and draws upon the records of the ensuing theatre practice, the Katzgraben notes in particular, to illuminate Brecht's growing recognition of affinities with Stanislavski's methods, which he found useful in fostering the young Berliner Ensemble and in creating performances he viewed as appropriate to audiences in the GDR.
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Silverberg, Laura. "Between Dissonance and Dissidence: Socialist Modernism in the German Democratic Republic." Journal of Musicology 26, no. 1 (2009): 44–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2009.26.1.44.
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Abstract Both communist party officials and western observers have typically interpreted the composition of modernist music in the Eastern Bloc as an act of dissidence. Yet in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), the most consequential arguments in favor of modernism came from socialists and party members. Their advocacy of modernism challenged official socialist realist doctrine, but they shared with party bureaucrats the conviction that music ought to contribute to the development of socialist society. Such efforts to reform musical life from a Marxist-Leninist standpoint were typical of the first generation of East Germany's intelligentsia, who saw socialist rule as the only guarantee against the reemergence of German fascism. Two of East Germany's most prominent composers, Hanns Eisler and Paul Dessau, routinely used the twelve-tone method in works carrying an explicitly socialist text. During preparations for the 1964 Music Congress, aesthetician Güünter Mayer drew from Eisler's Lenin Requiem and Dessau's Appell der Arbeiterklasse to argue that modernist techniques were highly appropriate for giving expression to contemporary social conditions. The efforts of these socialists to reconcile modernist techniques with their understanding of socialism undermine basic divisions between communism and capitalism, complicity and dissent, and socialist realism and western modernism.
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Rülicke-Weiler, Käthe. "Brecht and Weigel at the Berliner Ensemble." New Theatre Quarterly 7, no. 25 (1991): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00005145.
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As this issue goes to press, the GDR has just been united with its western neighbour in circumstances which, just a year previously, would have seemed almost as improbable as when Bertolt Brecht and Helene Weigel returned after the war to create the Berliner Ensemble. Käthe Rülicke-Weiler joined their dramaturgical team in 1951, and witnessed from the inside the attempt to build Brecht's ideal of a socialist theatre. Here, she talks with Matthias Braun about the personal, social, and political background to the Ensemble – which, although under the artistic direction of Brecht himself, was managed by Weigel, who was thus in the position of preventing herself from becoming a conventional ‘star’ performer. As well as dealing with the nature of Weigel's acting – and of her administrative skills – the interview assesses the contributions of Brecht's other co-workers, his own techniques as a director, and the factors (including touring under difficult post-war conditions) which led to the Ensemble's recognition as a major international company. This interview was first published in 1985 in Theater der Zeit, by whose kind permission it is here translated.
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Lozano, Rebeca, Nuria Romero-Laorden, Angela del Pozo, et al. "Comparative assessment of abiraterone or enzalutamide activity in the PROREPAIR-B study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 6_suppl (2018): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.164.
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164 Background: Germline mutations in DNA repair genes have been associated with poor prostate cancer outcomes in retrospectives studies. Such defects have been identified in 12% of mCRPC patients. Several studies are ongoing to assess the benefit of these patients from platinum-based chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors, but no conclusive data are available with regards to currently approved therapies for mCRPC, as Abiraterone or Enzalutamide. Methods: PROREPAIR-B (NCT03075735) is a prospective multicentre observational cohort study. Patients diagnosed with mCRPC, with unknown mutational status at study entry and who were going to start a first-line treatment for mCRPC were eligible. For this sub-analysis patients who received Abiraterone or Enzalutamide as first androgen receptor targeted therapy (ART) were selected. The endpoints of this sub-analysis included to assess the impact of BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, PALB2 and other germline mutations in DNA repair genes on cause-specific survival (CSS), progression-free survival (PFS), time to PSA progression (bPFS) and response to the first ART received as 1st or 2nd line therapy. Results: 337 patients were eligible for this analysis. CSS from mCRPC was not significantly different between gDDR carriers and non-carriers. However, CSS from mCRPC in BRCA2 carriers was significantly shorter than in non-carriers (23.3 Vs 34.6 months, p = 0.02). CSS from first ART, PFS and response-rates were not significantly different between both groups. However, the bPFS was significantly shorter in patients harbouring gDDR mutations (7.3 Vs 3.8 months, p = 0.04), especially in BRCA2 carriers (7.3 Vs 3.0 months, p = 0.03). Conclusions: This is the first study to prospectively follow-up DNA repair germline mutations to determine the outcome on standard treatment for mCRPC. The results suggest that different gDDR defects may have different impact on mCRPC outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT03075735.
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Shockley, Kenneth. "Divergent principles, development rights, and individualism in the Greenhouse Development Rights framework." Regions and Cohesion 2, no. 1 (2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2012.020101.
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The likelihood that the poor will suffer disproportionately from the effects of climate change makes it necessary that any just scheme for addressing the costs and burdens of climate change integrate those disproportionate effects. The Greenhouse Development Rights (GDRs) framework a empts to do just this. The GDRs framework is a burden-sharing approach to climate change that assigns national obligations on the basis of historical emissions and current capacity to provide assistance. It does so by including only those emissions that correspond to income exceeding a development threshold. According to the GDRs framework, this development threshold considers the right to develop to be held by individuals rather than the nations in which those individuals find themselves. The article provides a critique of this framework, focusing on three concerns: First, in generating national obligations the GDRs framework collapses significantly different moral considerations into a single index, presenting both theoretical and practical problems. Second, the framework relies on a contentious and underdeveloped conception of the right to develop. Third, the framework's exclusive focus on individual concerns systematically overlooks irreducibly social concerns. The article concludes by pointing to an alternative approach to balancing development against the burdens of climate change. Spanish La alta probabilidad de que los pobres sufran de manera desproporcionada los efectos del cambio climático requiere que cualquier sistema que se supone de hacer frente a los costos y las responsabilidades del cambio climático incorpore precisamente estos efectos desproporcionados. Esto es precisamente lo que el modelo de Derechos al Desarrollo con Emisiones Responsables de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GDR por sus siglas en inglés) está tratando de hacer. El modelo promueve un enfoque para compartir la carga relacionada con los efectos del cambio climático asignando obligaciones nacionales sobre la base de las emisiones históricas y la capacidad actual de prestar asistencia. Lo hace mediante la inclusión de sólo aquellas emisiones que corresponden a un ingreso superior a un 'umbral de desarrollo' de finido. De acuerdo con el modelo GDR, este umbral implica el derecho al desarrollo que tienen las personas individuales, no los países en que viven. En este artículo presento una evaluación crítica del modelo propuesto con base en tres puntos principales. Primero, cuando el GDR genera obligaciones nacionales, colapsa significativamente diferentes consideraciones morales en un solo índice, presentando problemas teóricos y metodológicos. Segundo, el modelo se basa en una polémica y poco desarrollada concepción del derecho al desarrollo. Tercero, el enfoque exclusivo en las cuestiones individuales ignora sistemáticamente las irreductibles preocupaciones sociales. Concluyo esbozando un enfoque alternativo para equilibrar el desarrollo contra de las cargas del cambio climático. French La très forte probabilité que les pauvres souffrent de façon disproportionnée des effets du changement climatique exige qu'un système qui aborde les coûts et les responsabilités du changement climatique intègre justement ces effets disproportionnés. C'est précisément ce que le système des Droits au Développement dans un Monde sous Contrainte Carbone (DDMCC - anglais GDR, Greenhouse Development Rights) essaie de faire. Ce modèle propose la répartition entre les pays des responsabilités/contraintes associés aux effets du changement climatique en assignant des obligations nationales sur la base de leurs émissions cumulées et de leur capacité actuelle à apporter une aide. Ce e approche inclut uniquement les émissions de gaz correspondant aux revenus dépassant un certain seuil de développement. D'après le modèle DDMCC, le seuil de développement considère un droit au développement qui revient aux personnes individuellement, et non aux pays dans lesquels elles vivent. Dans cet article, je dresse un bilan critique du modèle proposé sur la base de trois points principaux. Premièrement, le modèle DDMCC confond différentes considérations morales en un seul index quand il génère des obligations nationales, ce qui pose des problèmes à la fois théoriques et pratiques. Deuxièmement, il se base sur une conception du droit au développement suje e à polémique et trop peu développée. Troisièmement, l'accent mis exclusivement sur les préoccupations individuelles néglige systématiquement les préoccupations sociales pourtant incontournables. Je conclus en esquissant une approche alternative perme ant d'équilibrer les exigences du développement et les contraintes du changement climatique.
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Tragbar, Klaus. "Die Bauhäusler Franz Ehrlich und Fritz Ertl." Architectura 48, no. 1-2 (2018): 76–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/atc-2018-1006.
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Abstract The Bauhaus not only had the period of its existence in common with the Weimar Republic, but also many of its internal social, cultural and political contradictions. These contradictions become clear through the biographies of two Bauhaus graduates, Franz Ehrlich (1907 –1984) and Fritz Ertl (1908 –1982), who both studied with Hannes Meyer at the Bauhaus Dessau. After graduating, Ehrlich joined the KPD and worked with Walter Gropius and Hans Poelzig. In 1934, he was arrested as a resistance fighter and imprisoned in the Buchenwald concentration camp. After the Second World War, he became one of the most distinguished architects and furniture designers in the GDR and worked for the State Security. He died in 1984. Ertl returned to his father’s construction company in Linz after receiving his diploma. In 1938 he joined the NSDAP and the SS and was involved in the planning of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp from 1940 onwards. After the end of the war, he worked again as an architect and building contractor in Linz. In 1972 he was charged and acquitted in the Vienna Auschwitz Trial. He died in 1982.
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Simpson, Patricia Anne. "The Meaning of Production: Art in the GDR." GDR Bulletin 16, no. 1 (1990): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/gdrb.v16i1.929.
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Minamoto, Toshiko, Kentaro Nakayama, Tomoka Ishibashi, et al. "Pregnancy by Assisted Reproductive Technology Is Associated with Shorter Telomere Length in Neonates." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (2020): 9688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249688.
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Telomere length (TL) influences the development of lifestyle-related diseases, and neonatal TL may influence their prevalence. Various factors have been reported to affect neonatal TL. Although the fetus is exposed to multiple conditions in utero, the main factors affecting the shortening of neonatal TL are still not known. In this study, we sought to identify factors that influence fetal TL. A total of 578 mother-newborn pairs were included for TL analysis. TL was measured in genomic DNA extracted from cord blood samples using quantitative PCR. The clinical factors examined at enrollment included the following intrauterine environmental factors: maternal age, assisted reproductive technology (ART) used, body mass index (BMI), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), maternal stress, smoking, alcohol consumption, preterm delivery, small-for-gestational-age, neonatal sex, and placental weight. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to verify the relationship between neonatal TL and these clinical factors. The median neonatal TL to single-copy gene ratio was 1.0. Pregnancy with ART was among the 11 factors associated with shorter neonatal TL. From multiple regression analysis, we determined that neonatal TL was significantly shorter for pregnancies in the ART group than in the other groups. We conclude that pregnancy with ART is associated with shorter neonatal TL.
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XU, BIN, ZHAO WEI SHANG, YUAN YAN TANG, BIN FANG, and TAI PING ZHANG. "OCCLUSION ROBUST FACE RECOGNITION WITH SCATTERING OPERATOR IN GRADIENT DOMAIN." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 11, no. 01 (2013): 1350001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021969131350001x.
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In this paper, we propose a novel occlusion robust face recognition algorithm in gradient direction domain (GDD) using scattering operator. The proposed algorithm transforms image into the GDD to remove pseudo-edges, then scattering operator is used to extract face feature from face image in GDD. Since scattering operators can effectively extract the structural information in face owing to locally translation invariant and deformation stability, the proposed approach is robust to occlusion and varying expression. Our scheme has demonstrated the state-of-the-art performance on several datasets. Especially, our method on the sunglasses images and the scarf in AR database achieves a recognition rate of 100 and 95% respectively, which significantly outperforms most existing methods.
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Fill Malfertheiner, Sara, Dagmar Gutknecht, and Monika Bals-Pratsch. "Preconception Optimization of Glucose and Insulin Metabolism in Women Wanting to Conceive – High Rate of Spontaneous Conception Prior to Planned Assisted Reproduction." Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 77, no. 12 (2017): 1312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-122279.
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Abstract Background A hyperglycemic metabolic status with insulin resistance can have a negative effect on fertility and pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate disorders of glucose and insulin metabolism in women wanting to conceive who conceived spontaneously prior to planned assisted reproduction (ART). Associated risk factors of patients in terms of live births and miscarriages were also analyzed. Method Out of total study population of 589 pregnancies, the pregnancies of 129 women wishing to have children who conceived spontaneously prior to planned ART were analyzed in more detail. A 75 g OGTT (OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test) was carried out prior to conception and after determination of pregnancy, including glucose measurement and testing of insulin resistance. If anomalies or risk factors for gestational diabetes (GDM) were detected, patients received metformin therapy prior to conception (off-label use). The course and outcome of pregnancies in the defined cohort were recorded. Results The rate of spontaneous conception before planned ART after treatment for disorders of glucose/insulin metabolism was 21.9% (n = 129/589). 66.7% of the 129 pregnancies resulted in a live birth, 32 patients had a miscarriage. 76.0% of patients were treated with metformin (off-label use) for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), positive risk profile for GDM, or abnormal glucose/insulin metabolism prior to conception. 55.8% of the cohort developed GDM. The insulin requirements of patients with GDM differed significantly depending on their metformin intake. 24.6% of GDM patients receiving metformin treatment developed GDM requiring insulin treatment compared to 53.8% who did not receive metformin medication. The PCOS rate in the study population who had live births was significantly higher (57.0%) than in the group who had miscarriages (31.3%). There were no significant differences with regard to rate of live births and rate of miscarriages with/without metformin treatment and GDM and metformin intake. Conclusion The high rate of spontaneous conceptions in the cohort of women wishing to conceive emphasizes the importance of optimizing glucose/insulin metabolism prior to conception. The high rate of GDM in a cohort of pregnant women with a history of sterility also emphasizes the importance of expanding diagnostic testing for sterility to include the investigation of glucose metabolism and testing for insulin resistance. It is possible that PCOS patients in particular could benefit from treatment with metformin prior to conception, and this could explain the high rate of live births in this patient cohort.
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Manisha Shrivastava*, Bhanwar Singh Meena. "A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF OBSTETRICAL OUTCOME IN ART AND SPONTANEOUS PREGNANCIES." Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science 9, no. 9 (2019): 614–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijmhs.v9i9.2645.
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Background: Infertility tends to be one of the emerging health concern withtoday’s world .It is a common condition affecting approx 8-9% ofreproductive age group. Infertility diagnosis is divided into etiologies ofovulatory dysfunction, tubal endometriosis, and uterine, unexplained andmale factors. Certain type of infertility such as severe male factors andcomplete tubal obstruction will require ART.Objective:To study obstetrical outcome in pregnancy conceived with assistedreproductive techniques .Materials and Methods: A Retrospective study was done and data wascollected of patients, who have conceived through assisted reproductivetechniques admitted and delivered at tertiary care hospital from January2017 to June 2017.Results: They were anaemia 25(24.27%) and 17(16.19%) in ART andspontaneous conception respectively (p- value<0.147), hypothyroid40(38.83%) and 14(13.33%) in ART and spontaneous conception respectively(p- value<0.0001, highly significant), chronic hypertension 27(26.21%) and4(3.81%) in ART and spontaneous conception respectively (p- value<0.0001,highly significant), DM Type-2 10(9.71%) and 0(0.00%) in ART andspontaneous conception respectively (p- value<0.280, not significant). Studyalso showed that various obstetrical complications common in ART group.They were preterm birth, PIH, Polyhydramnios, Placenta previa, APH,Oligohydromnios, PPROM, GDM, Multiple pregnancies.Conclusion: There was a significant association between obstetricalcomplications with age. Maternal pre-existing disease like anaemia, chronichypertension, hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus should be treated beforeconception, to improve maternal and perinatal outcome.Keywords: Assisted reproductive technology, SpontaneousConception,Pregnancy.
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Simpson, Patricia Anne. "State of the Art: Alternative Theater in the GDR." Modern Drama 33, no. 1 (1990): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/md.33.1.129.
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März, Roland, and Debbie Lewer. "Introduction to Collage in the Art of the GDR." Art in Translation 5, no. 1 (2013): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175613113x13547854569320.
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Kozak, Leslie P. "INTERACTING GENES CONTROL GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE EXPRESSION IN DEVELOPING CEREBELLUM OF THE MOUSE." Genetics 110, no. 1 (1985): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/110.1.123.
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ABSTRACT The cerebellum of BALB/cJ mice has approximately 2.5 times as much glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) as that of C57BL/6J mice. This difference in enzyme levels, which positively correlates with similar differences in the levels of hybridizable GPDH mRNA, is controlled by at least two unlinked regulatory loci and the structural gene, Gdc-1, located on chromosome 15. These regulatory loci, which act predominantly during the second and third weeks of postnatal cerebellar development and differentiation, have been separated from each other in the CXB recombinant inbred strains of mice. One regulatory locus, Gdcr-1, although unlinked to the structural gene, has an allele in BALB/c mice that preferentially enhances expression of the BALB/c structural allele at Gdc-1. The other locus, Gdcr-2, which may or may not be single, enhances GPDH expression at Gdc-1 irrespective of the allele present, as is commonly observed for loci acting from a distance. Measurements of GPDH mRNA in the recombinant inbred mice suggest that these regulatory genes act by modulating mRNA levels. Accordingly, the regulation of GPDH expression in the cerebellum of mice depends on a complex interaction of unlinked regulatory elements with regulatory elements near the structural gene. Furthermore, since the Gdc-1 locus is expressed in virtually every tissue of the mouse except blood and since the observed genetic variation is restricted to the cerebellum, it is likely that other tissues will have their own distinctive genetic mechanisms for modulating Gdc-1 expression.
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Hvala, Tea. "To make the whole world home-like: Binna Choi, Maiko Tanaka (eds.), Grand Domestic Revolution Handbook." Maska 30, no. 175 (2015): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/maska.30.175-176.134_5.
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A review of the catalogue Grand Domestic Revolution Handbook, with which the Dutch gallery Casco concluded its Grand Domestic Revolution (GDR) project, dedicated to the “living research” of reproductive work. The author outlines the concept of the curators and editors Binna Choi and Maiko Tanaka, links it to American feminism of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and discusses it in terms of the works created for the project, especially those that appeared as part of the 19th City of Women festival in 2013. She appraises the GDR project, the GDR Handbook, and the exhibition in Ljubljana of GDR GOES ON as a risky but inspiring attempt to socialise reproductive work at the intersection of art, theory, activism, and everyday life.