Journal articles: 'ART in Ethiopia'

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Siegenthaler, Fiona. "Modernist Art in Ethiopia." African Arts 54, no. 3 (2021): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar_r_00607.

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Heldman, Marilyn E. "The Sacred Art of Ethiopia." Historian 57, no. 1 (September 1, 1994): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.1994.tb01332.x.

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Sinshaw, Girmaw Ashebir. "ANALISIS KURIKULUM JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN SENI TEATER ETHIOPIA." Imaji 17, no. 2 (November 22, 2019): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/imaji.v17i2.27808.

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Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menganalisis pendidikan seni teater Ethiopia sebagai bentuk seni kreatif. Di Ethiopia, seni teater baru terbentuk tahun 1978, yang hingga sekarang belum menunjukkan kemajuannya. Kurikulum pendidikan seni teater di Ethiopia belum terlihat baik, dalam arti masih terdapat kekurangan di sana sini, sehingga sampai sekarang masih perlu penyempurnaan. Pendidikan seni teater ditopang oleh jurusan seni yang lain di Universitas Addis Ababa. Hal ini menyebabkan aspek musik, tari, seni rupa, dan seni kriya ikut membentuk terbentuknya pendidikan seni teater. Sekarang, pendidikan seni teater disuntik dengan seni teater tradisional yang menyebabkan bentuknya menjadi seni kreatif namun tidak menunjukkan teater yang mapan. Setiap teater di Ethiopia memilih bahan baku untuk memakmurkan pendidikan seni teater yang sekarang sedang digarap dalam kurikulum pendidikan seni teater Ethiopia. Kata Kunci: teater, pendidikan seni, kurikulum, senikreatif, Ethiopia CURRICULUM ANALYSIS OF THETHEATRE ARTS EDUCATION DEPARTMENT IN ETHIOPIA Abstract The purpose of this article is to analyze the theatrearts education in Ethiopia as a form of creative arts. In Ethiopia, the new theatrearts were formed in 1978, which until now has not shown significant progress. There are still shortages here and there in the curriculum for theatre arts education in Ethiopia, so that it still needs improvement. Theatre education is supported by other art majors at Addis Ababa University. This has caused aspects of music, dance, visual arts, and art to form the formation of theatrearts education. Now, the theatrearts education isinjected with traditional theatre arts, causing their form to become creative arts but not showing established theatre. Likewise, theatre arts in Ethiopia choose raw materials to prosper the theatrearts education which is now being worked on in the Ethiopian theatre arts education curriculum. Keywords: theatre, arts education, curriculum, creative arts, Ethiopia

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Marx, Annegret, and Roderick Grierson. "African Zion: The Sacred Art of Ethiopia." International Journal of African Historical Studies 28, no. 3 (1995): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/221201.

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Biset Ayalew, Mohammed. "Mortality and Its Predictors among HIV Infected Patients Taking Antiretroviral Treatment in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review." AIDS Research and Treatment 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5415298.

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Background. Even though the benefit of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is well established, there is a regional variation in the extent of its benefit. The aim of this review is to highlight mortality and its predictors in Ethiopian adult HIV patients who were on ART. Methods. Relevant articles were searched on PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The search terms used in different combinations were predictor/determinant/factors, mortality/death/survival, HIV, ART/HAART, and Ethiopia. Result. 5–40.8% of the patients died during the follow-up period. More than half (50–68.8%) of the deaths occurred within 6 months of initiating ART. Advanced stage disease (stage III and stage IV), nonworking functional status (bedridden and ambulatory), low baseline CD4 count, low baseline hemoglobin level, TB coinfection, lower baseline weight, and poor treatment adherence were commonly identified as predictors of death in HIV patients. Conclusion. 5–40.8% of HIV patients in Ethiopia die in 2–5 years of initiating antiretroviral treatment. Most of the deaths in HIV patients occur early in the course of treatment. Special emphasis should be given for patients with advanced stage disease, nonworking functional status, low baseline CD4 count, low baseline hemoglobin level, TB coinfection, lower baseline weight, and poor treatment adherence.

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Wedajo Lemi, Bikila. "Microbiology of Ethiopian Traditionally Fermented Beverages and Condiments." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (February 14, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1478536.

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Globally, fermented beverage and condiments are made by using different conventional practices, raw materials, and microorganisms. This paper presents the available literature review on the technology and microbiology of traditional Ethiopian beverages and condiment products. Traditional fermented beverage and condiment products have essential vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and antioxidants that are all enhanced through the process of traditional fermentation practices. In Ethiopia, fermented beverage and condiment products have practiced in a long history. During the production of traditional fermented beverage and condiment products, controlled natural fermentation process with the absence of starter cultures are used to initiate it. Moreover, the preparation of many traditionally fermented beverage and condiment products is still practiced in a household art, thereby a wide variety of fermented beverages and condiments are consumed in Ethiopia. In conclusion, the review discusses the nature of the beverage and condiment preparation, poor traditional household processing, and the extent and limitation of scientific work done so far and suggests some recommendations to limit the problem in Ethiopia.

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Sher, Alvin. "Signage as Folk Art in Ethiopia and Eritrea." Northeast African Studies 4, no. 3 (1997): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nas.1997.0009.

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Russell, James R. "The Armenian Magical Scroll and Outsider Art." Iran and the Caucasus 15, no. 1-2 (2011): 5–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338411x12870596615313.

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AbstractUnordained clergy make Armenian prayer scrolls, which go back to the amulets against the Child-stealing Witch. They are analogous to the MSS of Ethiopian Christians, made often by charismatic and socially marginal figures. This art found a niche in East Christian society; but none was provided for the appropriately named "outsider" art and the art of the insane in the West, which often expresses religious visions and sentiments that the artistic and mental health establishments—rather than an ecclesiastical order this time!—have forced to the margin of society or beyond it. Despite the early efforts of Frederic Macler, though Armenian magical and talismanic texts have been edited and published there has been little study of the art as such of the manuscripts that contain them. Perhaps because of their greater flamboyance and their situation partially in an African context, it is the analogous material of the Ethiopian Christian tradition that has received art historical attention. And modern avowedly religious art of almost any kind in the West became so generally marginalised in criticism that much of it, including the art of people labelled insane, has come to be studied, if at all, under the rubric of art brut or outsider art. Since the makers of folk-religious-magical art in Armenia (the tirac'u) and in Ethiopia (the debtera) are sometimes marginal figures like outsider artists, I have attempted in this essay to initiate an approach to Armenian magical and talismanic art that employs the comparative method and takes advantage of the insights of studies of outsider art, the art of the psychologically abnormal, and the art of self-taught religious visionaries.

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Sinshaw, Girmaw Ashebir. "The analysis of Ethiopian traditional music instrument through indigenous knowledge (kirar, masinko, begena, kebero and washint/flute)." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 01 (January 2, 2020): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i01.sh02.

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Abstract: This article aims to explore and analytics about Ethiopian traditional music instrument through indigenous knowledge (kirar, masinko, Begena, kebero and washint/flute). The researcher would have observation and referring the difference documentations. Kirar, and masinko are mostly have purposeful for local music including washint, the others which is Kebero, Begena have use full in the majority time for church purpose. Ethiopia has extended culture, art and indigenous knowledge related to original own music. Their studies have qualitative research design that has descriptive methodology to more exploring the traditional music’s free statement descriptions. Its researcher mainly has providing the descriptive information about the Ethiopian traditional music instrument as analytical finding out.

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Dimitrov, Vladimir. "To Follow a Dream: Ethiopia." Sledva : Journal for University Culture, no. 41 (August 19, 2020): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/sledva.20.41.7.

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The author makes a concise survey of the Ethiopian history and art with an accent on the Christian cultural legacy. The article is an introduction to a more detailed travelogue / photo narrative that will be published in a next issue of SLEDVA.

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Thompson, Daniel K. "Border crimes, extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the racialization of sovereignty in the Ethiopia–British Somaliland borderlands during the 1920s." Africa 90, no. 4 (August 2020): 746–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972020000303.

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AbstractThis article argues that the politics of extraterritorial jurisdiction in the 1920s reshaped relations between ethnicity and territorial sovereignty in Ethiopia's eastern borderlands. A 1925 criminal trial involving Gadabursi Somalis began as what Britons deemed a ‘tribal matter’ to be settled through customary means, but became a struggle for Ethiopia's regent, Ras Tafari, to assert Ethiopia's territorial authority and imperial sovereignty. British claims of extraterritorial jurisdiction over Somalis amidst 1920s global geopolitical shifts disrupted existing practices of governance in Ethiopia's eastern borderlands and created a dilemma for Ethiopian authorities. In order to uphold international obligations, Ethiopian officials effectively had to revoke their sovereignty over some Somalis indigenous to Ethiopia. Yet Britons’ practical application of extraterritoriality to Somalis was predicated on assumed racial differences between Somalis and highland Ethiopians (‘Abyssinians’). Thus, Ethiopia's recognition of British extraterritorial jurisdiction would lend legitimacy to claims exempting Somalis from Ethiopian sovereignty due to differences in identity. The case reveals how assertions about race, nationality and ‘tribal’ identity articulated to subordinate Ethiopian rule to British interests and, in the longer term, to delegitimize Ethiopian governance over Somalis.

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Silverman, Raymond A. "Art That Heals: The Image as Medicine in Ethiopia." African Arts 31, no. 3 (1998): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3337583.

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Strother, Z. S., Solomon Hailemariam, Jacques Mercier, Dominique Malaquais, and Vincent J. Errante. "Art That Heals: The Image as Medicine in Ethiopia." African Arts 33, no. 1 (2000): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3337746.

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Plymoth, Martin, Eduard J. Sanders, Elise M. Van Der Elst, Patrik Medstrand, Fregenet Tesfaye, Niclas Winqvist, Taye Balcha, and Per Björkman. "Socio-economic condition and lack of virological suppression among adults and adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): e0244066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244066.

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Introduction The potential impact of socio-economic condition on virological suppression during antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa is largely unknown. In this case-control study, we compared socio-economic factors among Ethiopian ART recipients with lack of virological suppression to those with undetectable viral load (VL). Methods Cases (VL>1000 copies/ml) and controls (VL<150 copies/ml) aged ≥15years, with ART for >6 months and with available VL results within the last 3 months, were identified from registries at public ART clinics in Central Ethiopia. Questionnaire-based interviews on socio-economic characteristics, health condition and transmission risk behavior were conducted. Univariate variables associated with VL>1000 copies/ml (p<0.25) were added to a multivariable logistic regression model. Results Among 307 participants (155 cases, 152 controls), 61.2% were female, and the median age was 38 years (IQR 32–46). Median HIV-RNA load among cases was 6,904 copies/ml (IQR 2,843–26,789). Compared to controls, cases were younger (median 36 vs. 39 years; p = 0.004), more likely to be male (46.5% vs. 30.9%; p = 0.005) and had lower pre-ART CD4 cell counts (170 vs. 220 cells/μl; p = 0.009). In multivariable analysis of urban residents (94.8%), VL>1000 copies/ml was associated with lower relative wealth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.98; 95% CI 1.49–5.94; p = 0.016), geographic work mobility (aOR 6.27, 95% CI 1.82–21.6; p = 0.016), younger age (aOR 0.94 [year], 95% CI 0.91–0.98; p = 0.011), longer duration of ART (aOR 1.19 [year], 95% CI 1.07–1.33; p = 0.020), and suboptimal (aOR 3.83, 95% CI 1.33–10.2; p = 0.048) or poor self-perceived wellbeing (aOR 9.75, 95% CI 2.85–33.4; p = 0.012), after correction for multiple comparisons. High-risk sexual behavior and substance use was not associated with lack of virological suppression. Conclusion Geographic work mobility and lower relative wealth were associated with lack of virological suppression among Ethiopian ART recipients in this predominantly urban population. These characteristics indicate increased risk of treatment failure and the need for targeted interventions for persons with these risk factors.

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Fiseha, Temesgen, Alemu Gedefie Belete, Henok Dereje, and Abebe Dires. "Hypertension in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Northeast Ethiopia." International Journal of Hypertension 2019 (December 23, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4103604.

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Background. With prolonged survival and aging of persons with HIV on combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), hypertension has emerged as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. However, little is known about the burden of this comorbid condition among adults living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among HIV-infected patients receiving ART in Northeast Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the ART clinic of Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia, between January and May 2018. HIV-infected patients who were on ART for at least 12 months were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from each participant. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (BP) of ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of ≥90 mmHg or a reported use of antihypertensive medication. Univariable and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension. Results. A total of 408 patients were studied with a mean (±SD) age of 37 ± 10.3 years, and 66.9% were female. The prevalence of hypertension was 29.7% (95% CI, 25.3–35.0%). Nearly 75% of the patients with hypertension were previously undiagnosed. In a univariate analysis, older age, male gender, a family history of hypertension, duration of HIV infection, duration on ART, high body mass index, low CD4 count, diabetes, and renal impairment were associated with hypertension. Multivariate analysis revealed older age (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI, 1.13–3.83), male gender (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.01–2.65), longer duration on ART (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.14–3.20), high body mass index (AOR = 3.32; 95% CI, 1.13–9.77), and diabetes (AOR = 2.76; 95% CI, 1.29–5.89) as independent risk factors of hypertension. Conclusions. Hypertension is highly prevalent among HIV-infected patients on ART attending our clinic in Northeast Ethiopia but is mostly undiagnosed. These findings highlight the need for integrating hypertension management into routine HIV care to prevent adverse outcomes and improve health of people living with HIV on ART.

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Tesfamariam, Zbelo, Jan Nyssen, Jean Poesen, Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes, Kelemework Tafere, Amanuel Zenebe, Seppe Deckers, and Veerle Van Eetvelde. "Landscape research in Ethiopia: misunderstood or lost synergy?" Rangeland Journal 41, no. 2 (2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj18060.

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A full understanding of the concept of landscape plays a paramount role in sustainable management of natural resources and an increase of landscape studies. However, little is known about the concept of landscape, landscape research and its application in Ethiopia. Hence, the overall objective of this paper is to explore the concept of landscape and review available literatures on landscape research in Ethiopia and to identify research gaps. A questionnaire (n=30) was administered to explore the concept of landscape. A systematic review of available studies on landscape and related concepts has also been made. Out of the 398 papers in which the terms ‘landscape’ and ‘Ethiopia’ appeared in the title, keywords or abstract, 26 papers, having 10 or more keywords related to landscape research were included in this in-depth review. An exploratory study of art and media has been made to examine the perception of artists on landscapes. The results of the study show that the perception of Ethiopian artists on landscape is highly associated with concept of the landscape. The findings of the survey also reveal that the meaning of the term landscape differs semantically. The findings of the review also indicate that landscape studies carried out in Ethiopia do not fully cover the holistic concept of landscape; as they mostly focus more on physical features of the landscape. Moreover, the interdisciplinary approach that integrates landscape ecology, perception and history, which is important for understanding landscapes and landscape changes, is also lacking. Generally, the concept of landscape seems to be misconceived in most studies undertaken in Ethiopia, mainly because it is interchangeably used with land use and land cover. Hence, there is a need for a better understanding of the concept of landscape and the applications of a holistic landscape approach.

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Fiseha, Temesgen, and Angesom Gebreweld. "Renal function in a cohort of HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in an outpatient setting in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245500.

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Aim To evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of abnormal renal function among Ethiopian HIV-infected patients at baseline prior to initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and during follow-up. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of HIV infected patients who initiated ART at the outpatient ART clinic of Mehal Meda Hospital of North Shewa, Ethiopia from January 2012 to August 2018. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from the medical records of patients. Renal function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to determine the factors associated with abnormal renal function at baseline and during follow-up. Results Among 353 patients, 70 (19.8%) had baseline eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2 and 102 (28.9%) had eGFR = 60–89.9 ml/min/1.73m2. Factors associated with baseline renal impairment (eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2) included female sex (AOR = 3.52, CI 1.75–7.09), CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 (AOR = 2.75, CI 1.40–5.42), BMI < 25 Kg/m2 (AOR = 3.04, CI 1.15–8.92), low hemoglobin (AOR = 2.19, CI 1.16–4.09) and high total cholesterol (AOR = 3.15, CI 1.68–5.92). After a median of 3.0 years of ART, the mean eGFR declined from 112.9 ± 81.2 ml/min/1.73m2 at baseline to 93.9 ± 60.6 ml/min/1.73m2 (P < 0.001). The prevalence of renal impairment increased from 19.8% at baseline to 22.1% during follow-up. Of 181 patients with baseline normal renal function, 49.7% experienced some degree of renal impairment. Older age (AOR = 3.85, 95% CI 2.03–7.31), female sex (AOR = 4.18, 95% CI 2.08–8.40), low baseline CD4 (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.24–4.69), low current CD4 count (AOR = 2.32, 95% CI 1.15–4.68), high BMI (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI 1.49–5.71), and low hemoglobin (AOR = 3.38, 95% CI 2.00–7.46) were the factors associated with renal impairment during follow-up. Conclusion Impaired renal function was common in HIV-infected patients initiating ART in an outpatient setting in Ethiopia, and there appears to be a high prevalence of renal impairment after a median ART follow-up of 3 years. There is a need for assessment of renal function at baseline before ART initiation and regular monitoring of renal function for patients with HIV during follow-up.

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Nida, Worku. "The Parchment Makers: An Ancient Art in Present-Day Ethiopia." African Arts 35, no. 3 (October 1, 2002): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar.2002.35.3.81.

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Gultie, Teklemariam, Tesfay G/Amlak, and Girum Sebsibie. "Factors Affecting Adherence to Pediatrics Antiretroviral Therapy in Mekelle Hospital, Tigray Ethiopia." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v4i1.4704.

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The most important factor in the success of HIV treatment is adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).The challenge to adherence to ART is particularly serious in Sub-Saharan Africa as the high rates of HIV/AIDS lead to greater numbers of affected individuals. Although long-term good ART adherence has been observed in certain settings of public sectors the magnitude of this challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa remains large and there is evidence for high rates of patient’s poor adherence. Study aimed to assess the factors affecting adherence to pediatrics antiretroviral therapy (ART) among children in Mekelle hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia. A Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 226 children on antiretroviral therapy from May 01 to 30/2014 at Mekelle hospital. Data was collected from care givers of children under 15 years old who are on ART. Of the 226 children under 15 years, 90.3 % reported complete adherence to antiretroviral therapy medications at the regular schedule over the past 7 days. Factors associated with adherence were having male care giver (AOR=2.10[1.01, 7.22]), age of the child (AOR=1.43[1.16, 3.98]) below 5 years and use of first line ART drugs (AOR=2.86[1.54, 3.67]). Over all the adherence of children on ART to their medication in this study is relatively higher as compared to others. However, complete adherence is expected in order to make the drugs effective. Different strategies have to be designed to improve the adherence level.

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Gultie, Teklemariam, Tesfay G/Amlak, and Girum Sebsibie. "Factors Affecting Adherence to Pediatrics Antiretroviral Therapy in Mekelle Hospital, Tigray Ethiopia." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v4i1.4704.

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The most important factor in the success of HIV treatment is adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).The challenge to adherence to ART is particularly serious in Sub-Saharan Africa as the high rates of HIV/AIDS lead to greater numbers of affected individuals. Although long-term good ART adherence has been observed in certain settings of public sectors the magnitude of this challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa remains large and there is evidence for high rates of patient’s poor adherence. Study aimed to assess the factors affecting adherence to pediatrics antiretroviral therapy (ART) among children in Mekelle hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia. A Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 226 children on antiretroviral therapy from May 01 to 30/2014 at Mekelle hospital. Data was collected from care givers of children under 15 years old who are on ART. Of the 226 children under 15 years, 90.3 % reported complete adherence to antiretroviral therapy medications at the regular schedule over the past 7 days. Factors associated with adherence were having male care giver (AOR=2.10[1.01, 7.22]), age of the child (AOR=1.43[1.16, 3.98]) below 5 years and use of first line ART drugs (AOR=2.86[1.54, 3.67]). Over all the adherence of children on ART to their medication in this study is relatively higher as compared to others. However, complete adherence is expected in order to make the drugs effective. Different strategies have to be designed to improve the adherence level.

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Nigusso, Fikadu Tadesse, and Azwihangwisi Helen Mavhandu-Mudzusi. "Magnitude of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among adult people living with HIV/AIDS in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia." PeerJ 8 (August 11, 2020): e8558. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8558.

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Introduction Following global efforts to increase antiretroviral therapy (ART) access and coverage, Ethiopia has made significant achievement with a 6.3% annual decline in the HIV/AIDS incidence rate between 1990 and 2016. Such success depends not only on access to ART but also on attaining optimum treatment adherence. Emerging studies in Ethiopia has shown the increasing prevalence of poor adherence and lack of the desired viral suppression, but the extent and factors associated with non-adherence to ART are not well known, especially in the current study setup. In this study, we examined the magnitude and factors associated with treatment and non-adherence to ART among people living with HIV in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institutional facility based cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among adult people living with HIV/AIDS from mid-December 2016 to February 2017 with only 98.9% response rate. Sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status and residential area), economic factors (educational status, income, asset possession, employment status, dietary diversity, nutritional status and food security), and clinical characteristics (CD4 count, duration on ART and history of opportunistic infections) were explanatory variables. ART non-adherence was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS). We used binary logistic regression and subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the factors associated with ART non-adherence. Result Overall, 39.7% of the participants were found non-adherent to ART. Strong association was found between non-adherence to ART and young age below 25 years (AOR: 4.30, 95% CI [1.39–3.35]; p = 0.011), urban residential area (AOR: 2.78, CI [1.23–7.09], p = 0.043), lack of employment (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI [1.05–2.91], p = 0.032), food insecurity (AOR: 2.67, 95% CI [7.59–8.97]; p < 0.0001), malnutrition (AOR: 1.55, 95% CI [1.94–2.56]; p = 0.027) and opportunistic infections (AOR: 1.81, 95% CI [1.11–2.97]; p = 0.018). Conclusion The prevalence of non-adherence to ART in this study was high. Sociodemographic and economic factors such as young age of below 25 years, urban residential area, lack of employment, food insecurity, malnutrition and opportunistic infections were among the factors associated with non-adherence to ART.

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Anlay, Degefaye Zelalem, and Bewket Tadesse Tiruneh. "Late ART Initiation among adult HIV patients at university of Gondar Hospital, NorthWest Ethiopia." African Health Sciences 19, no. 3 (November 4, 2019): 2324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i3.4.

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Introduction: Late initiation of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is associated with low immunologic response, increase morbidity, mortality and hospitalization. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with late ART initiation among adult HIV patients in NorthWest Ethiopia.Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 412 HIV patients who started ART between January/2009 and December/2014. Simple random sampling technique was used to select patient records. Data were collected by using pretested and structured extraction tool. Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with late ART initiation.Result: A total of 410 participants were included for analysis after excluding 2 participants with incomplete data. The prevalence of late ART initiation was 67.3%. Age between 35-44 years(AOR=3.85; 95%CI:1.68-8.82), duration between testing and enrollment to care<1year (AOR=2.19;95%CI:1.30-3.69), secondary education (AOR=2.59; 95%CI 1.36-4.94), teritary education(AOR=3.28; 95%CI 1.25-8.64), being unmarried(AOR=1.88; 95%CI 1.13-3.03), bedridden and ambulatory patients (AOR=4.68 95%CI:1.49-14.68), other medication use before ART initiation(AOR=2.18; 95%CI 1.07-4.44), starting ART between 2009-2010 (AOR=5.94; 95%CI 2.74-12.87) and 2011-2012(AOR=2.80; 95%CI 1.31-5.96) were significantly associated with late ART initation at p-value <0.05.Conclusion: The prevalence of late ART initiation was high. Strengthening the mechanisms of early HIV testing and linkage to care are recommended to initiate treatment earlier.Keywords: Associated factors, Late ART initiation, Ethiopia.

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Mitiku, Habtamu, Tekabe Abdosh, and Zelalem Teklemariam. "Factors Affecting Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment in Harari National Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia." ISRN AIDS 2013 (August 29, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/960954.

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Background. The efficacy of antiretroviral treatment (ART) depends on strict adherence to the regimen, but many factors have been identified for nonadherence. Method. To identify the factors for non-adherence to ART, a cross-sectional study was conducted on people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and attending the ART service at Hiwot Fana and Jugal hospitals; it was done from October to December, 2010. Adherence was defined as taking 95% of the prescribed doses in the week before the survey. Data were collected using a standard interview questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS Version 16. Result. Among the 239 study participants, the magnitude of adherence to ART in the week before interview was 87%. The main reasons for nonadherence were forgetting (47.2%), traveling (18.9%), and being busy doing other things (15.1%). There was not any independent predicator identified for adherence to ART. Conclusion. Compared to other similar studies in Ethiopia, in this study a high adherence rate was found. Forgetfulness was the most common reason for the nonadherence. Therefore, the ART counseling needs to give emphasis to using memory aids. In addition, a further study on adherence rate and its determinants with multiple adherence measurements is recommended.

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Setegn, Tesfaye, Abulie Takele, Tesfaye Gizaw, Dabere Nigatu, and Demewoz Haile. "Predictors of Mortality among Adult Antiretroviral Therapy Users in Southeastern Ethiopia: Retrospective Cohort Study." AIDS Research and Treatment 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/148769.

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Background. Although efforts have been made to reduce AIDS-related mortality by providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) services, still people are dying while they are on treatment due to several factors. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of mortality among adult antiretroviral therapy (ART) users in Goba Hospital, Southeast Ethiopia.Methods. The medical records of 2036 ART users who enrolled at Goba Hospital between 2007 and 2012 were reviewed and sociodemographic, clinical, and ART-related data were collected. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to measure risk of death and identify the independent predictors of mortality.Results. The overall mortality incidence rate was 20.3 deaths per 1000 person-years. Male, bedridden, overweight/obese, and HIV clients infected with TB and other infectious diseases had higher odds of death compared with their respective counterparts. On the other hand, ART clients with primary and secondary educational level and early and less advanced WHO clinical stage had lower odds of death compared to their counterparts.Conclusion. The overall mortality incidence rate was high and majority of the death had occurred in the first year of ART initiation. Intensifying and strengthening early ART initiation, improving nutritional status, prevention and control of TB, and other opportunistic infections are recommended interventions.

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Heldman, Marilyn E. "Creating Religious Art: The Status of Artisans in Highland Christian Ethiopia." Aethiopica 1 (September 13, 2013): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.1.1.651.

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Gnisci, Jacopo. "Crosses from Ethiopia at the Dallas Museum of Art: An Overview." African Arts 51, no. 4 (November 2018): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar_a_00432.

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Asfawesen, GY, J. Solomie, T. Bisirat, GM Berhanu, B. Mebratu, and S. Rahlenbeck. "Outcome in a paediatric cohort receiving ART in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia." Acta Paediatrica 100, no. 8 (May 20, 2011): 1164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02243.x.

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Condon, R. "ZION AT THE CROSSROADS: "African Zion, the Sacred Art of Ethiopia"." Nka Journal of Contemporary African Art 1994, no. 1 (September 1, 1994): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10757163-1-1-49.

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Negash, Tefera, and Valerie Ehlers. "Personal Factors Influencing Patients' Adherence to ART in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 24, no. 6 (November 2013): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2012.11.004.

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Negash, Agazi. "Regional Variation of the Rock Art of Ethiopia: a Geological Perspective." African Archaeological Review 35, no. 3 (April 28, 2018): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-018-9291-5.

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Fiseha, Temesgen, Worku Alemu, Henok Dereje, Zemenu Tamir, and Angesom Gebreweld. "Prevalence of dyslipidaemia among HIV-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in North Shewa, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 27, 2021): e0250328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250328.

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Background Data on the burden of dyslipidaemia among people with HIV undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa are limited and little is known about the factors contributing for poor lipid profiles. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and factors associated with lipid levels among HIV-infected patients receiving first-line combination ART in North Shewa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and December 2018 among 392 HIV-infected adults receiving first-line ART for at least six months at the ART clinic of Mehal Meda Hospital in North Shewa, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected for determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and CD4 counts. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with lipid abnormalities. Results The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 59.9% (95% CI 55.0–64.7%). High TC, high TG, low HDL-c, and high LDL-c were obtained in 47.3%, 30.9%, 19.4% and 29.6%, respectively. Fifty-four participants (13.8%) had high ratio of TC/HDL-c (TC/HDL-c ratio ≥ 5). Older age was independently associated with high TC (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.64–3.84), high TG (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI 1.85–4.71), low HDL–c (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.17–3.50), and high LDL–c (AOR = 3.37, 95% CI 2.08–5.47). Living in an urban area (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.16–6.14) and smoking (AOR = 3.61, 95% CI 1.06–12.34) were associated with low HDL–c. Participants with longer duration of ART use were more likely to have high TG (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.13–3.07), low HDL–c (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.75–6.80), and high LDL–c (AOR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.30–3.71). High BMI was independently associated with higher TC (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.19–4.97), high TG (AOR = 4.17, 95% CI 2.01–8.67) and high LDL–c (AOR = 6.53, 95% CI 3.05–13.98). Conclusions We found a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia among HIV-infected patients receiving first-line ART in North Shewa, Ethiopia. There is a need for monitoring of blood lipid levels in patients with HIV on long term first-line ART with a special attention to be focused on older age, urban residents, longer duration of ART use, high BMI and smokers.

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Meseret, Maru, Alemayehu Shimeka, and Alemayehu Bekele. "Incidence and Predictors of Pregnancy among Women on ART in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Five-Year Retrospective Cohort Study." AIDS Research and Treatment 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3261205.

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Globally, death of women due to HIV/AIDS related causes during pregnancy or within 42 days after pregnancy was estimated to be 37,000. In Ethiopia, 42,900 pregnant women living with HIV gave birth in the year 2011. This study was aimed to assess incidence and predictors of pregnancy among women on ART in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data recorded from September 2011 to August 2015. Data was extracted from February to March, 2016, from 1,239 records and analyzed using SPSS version 16. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the probabilities of being pregnant. The Cox proportional hazards model was done and results were expressed using hazard ratios with 95% CI. A total of 1,239 women on ART were included in the study. The incidence of pregnancy was 49.2 per 1,000 person-years. Living in rural, being married, being widowed, being unemployed, and having <2 children at enrollment were found to be positively associated with being pregnant. The incidence of pregnancy among women on ART was found to be considerable. Provision of family planning and other reproductive health interventions have to be coupled with the ART service to address the problem.

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Debalke, Serkadis, Waqtola Cheneke, Haimanot Tassew, and Mohammed Awol. "Urinary Tract Infection among Antiretroviral Therapy Users and Nonusers in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Jimma, Ethiopia." International Journal of Microbiology 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/968716.

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Background.The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced morbidity related with bacterial infection including urinary tract infection (UTI) among patients with HIV/AIDS. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of UTI and identify common bacterial etiologies among HIV/AIDS patients of ART users and nonusers in Jimma University Specialized Hospital.Methods.A comparative cross sectional study was conducted from September to December 2012 on 367 ART users and 114 nonuser patients attending ART clinic. Sociodemographic characteristics, associated factors, and urine samples were collected; culture, biochemical tests, Gram stain, and drug sensitivity tests were done.Results.Of 467 examined urine samples, 56 (12%) had significant bacterial growth. Forty-six (12.5%) of the cases were ART users and 10 (10%) were nonusers.E. coliwas the predominant isolate in both ART users (25 (54.3%)) and nonusers (6 (6%)). Majority of the bacterial isolates were from females. Most (>75%) of the isolates from both groups were resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but sensitive to norfloxacine, ceftriaxone, and chloramphenicol.Conclusion. There was no statistically significant difference regarding the prevalence of significant bacterial growth between ART users and nonusers. Therefore, it is recommended that UTI in both groups should be managed with drugs that show sensitivity.

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Chelkeba, Legese, and Gebre Abdissa. "Assessment of ART adverse reactions and determinants at primary hospital in Ethiopia." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 2, no. 2 (2013): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/2319-2003.ijbcp20130317.

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Haileamlak, Abraham, Tesfalem Hagos, Workeabeba Abebe, Loko Abraham, Henok Asefa, and Alula M. Teklu. "Predictors of hospitalization among children on ART in Ethiopia: A cohort study." Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences 27, no. 1 (March 3, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v27i1.6s.

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Heldman, Marilyn E. "A chalice from Venice for Emperor Dāwit of Ethiopia." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 53, no. 3 (October 1990): 442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00151341.

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The various documents concerning Emperor Dāwit's embassy to the Republic of Venice in 1402 have been brought together in Carlo Conti Rossini's article of 1927 on European influence upon Ethiopian art before the coming of Jesuit missionaries in the mid sixteenth century. The purpose of this brief paper is to expand the story of Dāwit's embassy with a short document, which sheds some light upon the motives for this and subsequent Ethiopian embassies to European nations during the period before the Adalite invasions that began in 1529.

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Mulisa, Diriba, Tadesse Tolossa, Bizuneh Wakuma, Werku Etafa, and Girma Yadesa. "Magnitude of first line antiretroviral therapy treatment failure and associated factors among adult patients on ART in South West Shoa, Central Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): e0241768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241768.

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Background First-line antiretroviral treatment failure has become a public health concern in high, low and middle-income countries with high mortality and morbidity In Ethiopia, around 710,000 peoples were living with HIV and 420,000 of them were receiving ART in 2017. Little is known about the magnitude of first-line ART treatment failure and its associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed to find the magnitude of first-line ART treatment failure and its associated factors among adult patients attending ART clinic at Southwest shoa zone public hospitals. Methods Institutions based cross-sectional study was employed from February 1 to April 2, 2019. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 350 adult patients on ART using a systematic random sampling technique. The collected data were coded and entered into Epidata version 3 and exported to STATA SE version 14 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with first-line ART treatment failure. At 95% confidence level strength of association was measured using Odds ratio. Variables with a p-value of ≤ 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were considered as a candidate variable for multivariable analysis. To get the final variables step-wise backward selection procedure was used and those in the final model were selected at a p-value <0.05. Finally, texts, simple frequency tables, and figures were used to present the findings. Results In this study the magnitude of first-line ART treatment failure was 33.42%. Absence of baseline opportunistic infection AOR = 0.362 (95%CI0.178, 0.735), Staying on first-line ART for <5 years AOR = 0.47 (95%CI 0.252, 0.878), Nevirapine containing ART regimen AOR = 3.07 (95%CI 1.677, 5.63), Baseline CD4 count ≥100 cells/mm3 AOR = 0.299 (95%CI 0.152 0.591), absence of opportunistic infections after ART initiation AOR = 0.257 (95%CI 0.142, .467), time taking greater than an one-hour to reach health facility AOR 1.85 (95%CI 1.022 3.367) were significantly associated with first-line ART treatment failure. Conclusion The magnitude of first-line ART treatment failure was high in the study area. Base-line opportunistic infection, duration on first-line ART, NVP based ART, Baseline CD4 count level, OI after ART initiation, and time it takes to reach health facility were independent determinants of first-line ART treatment failure.

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Manaye, Yibekal, Anemaw Asrat, and Endalkachew Worku Mengesha. "Time to Development of Anemia and Predictors among HIV-Infected Patients Initiating ART at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study." BioMed Research International 2020 (March 10, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7901241.

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Introduction. Anemia is the most common hematological abnormality in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) clients, and it is a widespread public health problem. In Ethiopia, there is limited information about time to development of anemia and predictors for anemic HIV patients. Hence, this study is aimed at determining time to development of anemia and predictors among HIV/AIDS clients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A retrospective follow-up study was conducted among clients on ART from 2012 to 2017. Data were collected using checklists. The Kaplan-Meier curve was employed to compare survival rates. The Cox proportional hazard model was applied to identify predictors of time to development of anemia. Results. A total of 490 ART patients were followed. The overall incidence of anemia was 27/100 person-years. The incidence was highest in the second year (18.7/100 PY) of starting ART when compared with the first year (13.8/100 PY) and third year (18.1/100 PY) of ART initiation. The independent predictors show an association for time to development of anemia and were as follows: being female (AHR=2.94, 95%CI=2.15–4.0), pulmonary tuberculosis positive (AHR=2.98, 95%CI=1.62–5.51), baseline weight<60 kg (AHR=1.51, 95%CI=1.19-1.92), and severe acute malnutrition (AHR=2.0, 95%CI=1.39-2.89). Conclusion. Most of the anemia cases occurred after the first year of ART initiation. Pulmonary tuberculosis, baseline weight, nutritional status, and sex were predictors for anemia. Clients with low baseline weight and abnormal nutritional status need to get close follow-up to prevent the risk of early development of anemia.

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Shaweno Adewo, Tamrat, Henok Asefa, and Hailay Abrha Gesesew. "Time to Attrition and Factors Associated among Adults enrolled in Pre-Anti- Retroviral Therapy Care in Tepi General Hospital, Ethiopia." International Journal of Health and Medicine 3, no. 2 (June 24, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijhm.2018.3.2.06.

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Pre-antiretroviral therapy (Pre-ART) patient attrition is a growing concern in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, there is little information that assesses the magnitude and its related factors. This study assessed time to attrition and factors associated among adults enrolled in pre ART care at Tepi General Hospital in South West Ethiopia. Records of adult pre-ART patients enrolled at Tepi General Hospital from October 2010 to September 2013 were reviewed to find factors linked with time to attrition. We defined time to attrition as the period a patient was enrolled in pre-ART service till attrition. We Used Kaplan Meir curve to estimate survival time, and log-rank test to compare the time to attrition among different categories of patients. We used Cox hazard model to assess factors related with time to attrition. We followed 652 pre-ART patients for 337.6 person years of follow-up from start up to pre-ART outcomes. Of these, 179 patients were lost to follow up and 37 patients died, contributing to an overall attrition of 33.13%. During the early six months the attrition rate was 89.8%. Not starting cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (AHR=1.51, 95% CI, 1.02-2.25), being co-infected with tuberculosis (TB) (AHR=2.16, 95%CI, 1.35-3.45), living further than 10 km away from the hospital (AHR=1.44, 95%CI, 1.07-2.0), and not disclosed status of HIV(AHR=3.04) were factors significantly associated with time to attrition. Pre-ART patient attrition rate was high among clients not using cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, TB/HIV co-infected, living > 10 km from a health care facility and with undisclosed HIV status. Close follow-up of clients during the early months' follow-up period is greatly recommended.

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Aemro, Agazhe, Mulugeta Wassie, and Basazinew Chekol. "Incidence and predictors of mortality within the first year of antiretroviral therapy initiation at Debre-Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A retrospective follow up study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): e0251648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251648.

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Background Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most fatal infectious diseases in the world, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Even though Antiretroviral therapy (ART) significantly decreases mortality overall, death rates are still highest especially in the first year of ART initiation. Objective To assess the incidence and predictors of mortality within the first year of ART initiation among adults on ART at Debre-Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 514 newly enrolled adults to ART from 2014 to 2018 at Debre-Markos Referral Hospital. Patients’ chart number was selected from the computer using a simple random sampling technique. Data were entered into EPI- INFO 7.2.2.6 and analyzed using Stata 14.0. The mortality rate within the first year was computed and described using frequency tables. Both bivariable and multivariable Cox-proportional hazard models were fitted to show predictors of early mortality. Results Out of 494 patient records included in the analysis, a total of 54 deaths were recorded within one year follow-up period. The overall mortality rate within 398.37 person years (PY) was 13.56 deaths/100 PY with the higher rate observed within the first three months. After adjustment, rural residence (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.05–3.71), ≥ 6 months pre-ART duration (AHR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.24–3.79), ambulatory or bedridden functional status at enrolment (AHR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.01–4.74), and didn’t take Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) during follow-up (AHR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.04–3.41) were associated with early mortality of adults on ART. Conclusion Mortality within the first year of ART initiation was high and rural residence, longer pre-Art duration, ambulatory or bedridden functional status and didn’t take CPT during follow-up were found to be independent predictors. Hence, giving special attention for patients from rural area and provision of CPT is crucial to reduce mortality.

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Fekadu, Ginenus, Lencho Bati, and Habte Gebeyehu. "Reasons for Antiretroviral Treatment Change Among Adult HIVAIDS Patients at Nedjo General Hospital, Western Ethiopia." Open AIDS Journal 13, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601913010065.

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Background: Frequent change of Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) regimen is a challenging problem especially in a resource-limited setting like Ethiopia where treatment options are limited. This study was aimed to identify reasons for ART regimen change among adult HIV patients at Nedjo General Hospital (NGH). Methods: An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at NGH by reviewing patient information cards from 2006 to 2016. Results: From a total of 117 included patients, 50.4% were females and the median (IQR) age of the patients was 28 (24-47) years. Majority of patients, 63 (53.9%) started their treatment at world health organization (WHO) clinical stage III (53.9%) and CD4 count of between 200-350 cells/mm3 (44.54%). At the beginning of ART, 56 (47.9%) patients were on a fixed-dose combination of stavudine-lamivudine-nevirapine (D4T/3TC/NVP). The single-drug substitutions were D4T (n = 63), NVP (n = 34), AZT (n =5), EFV (n = 2), and TDF (n = 1). Majority of the patients, 35(29.9%) switched their initial ART regimen after 3 years of regimen commencement. The common reasons reported for initial regimen change was availability of new drug 46 (39.3%) followed by toxicity/side effects 34 (29.2%). From all toxicities, peripheral neuropathy (47.1%) was the most common toxicity followed by rash (20.6%). After regimen change, 47 (40.2%) were received AZT+3TC+NVP. Conclusion: Availability of new drug and toxicity were the common reasons for regimen modifications. There should be updated guidelines, sustainable supply of affordable ART drugs, and effective laboratory materials to increase treatment success and minimize the toxicity of the drugs.

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Ali, Mohammed Seid, Eleni Tesfaye Tegegne, Mekibib Kassa Tesemma, and Kaleab Tesfaye Tegegne. "Consistent Condom Use and Associated Factors among HIV-Positive Clients on Antiretroviral Therapy in North West Ethiopian Health Center, 2016 GC." AIDS Research and Treatment 2019 (March 17, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7134908.

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Background. The burden of Human Immune Deficiency Virus or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is high in sub-Saharan countries including Ethiopia which have over two-thirds of the global HIV burden. Many would argue that consistent condom use is not most effective method for HIV prevention. Condoms offer protection against unwanted pregnancy and some sexually transmitted infections including Human Immune Deficiency Virus, when used correctly and consistently. Inconsistent use of condom by People Living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome on Antiretroviral Therapy will lead to further worsening the Human Immune Deficiency Virus infection epidemic and reinfection with new drug resistant viral strains. Objective. To assess magnitude of consistent condom use and associated factors among HIV-positive clients on Antiretroviral Therapy in North West Ethiopian health center, 2016 GC. Method. An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted, from April 15 to June 10, 2016. A total of 358 patients on ART in Koladiba Health Center had participated in this research. Koladiba Health Center is the first health center in Ethiopia that is found in Debbie district, which is located in north Gondar Zone. Study participants were selected by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics was computed and binary and multiple logistic regressions were also conducted to examine the effect of selected independent variables on consistent condom use. Result. A total of 358 ART clients participated in the study with response rate of 90%. Among study participants, 138 (38.5%) were in the age category of 35-44 years. About 216 (60.3%) of the participants were female and 325 (90.8%) were Orthodox followers. Consistent condom use was reported by 130 (55.8%) sexually active study subjects. Respondents in rural residence (AOR=0.326, 95% CI: 0.109, 0.973) and sexual partner initiated condom use (AOR=0.031, 95% CI: 0.005, 0.186) were found to be the independent predictors of consistent condom use. Conclusion and Recommendations. Consistent condom utilization among HIV clients on ART was low (55.8%). Place of residence and condom use initiation during sexual contact were significantly associated with consistent condom use. It is better to give more emphasis on health education and counseling service about consistent condom use for PLWHA who are on ART during follow-up especially for those who came from rural areas.

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Yalew, Melaku, Bezawit Adane, Bereket Kefale, Yitayish Damtie, Sisay Eshete Tadesse, and Asressie Molla. "The effect of counseling, antiretroviral therapy and relationship on disclosing HIV positive status to sexual partner among adult HIV patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): e0249887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249887.

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Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is continued as a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the effect of counseling, antiretroviral therapy (ART) and relationship on disclosing HIV positive status to sexual partner among adult HIV patients in Ethiopia. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) was used during this review. The study included both published and unpublished studies which were conducted in Ethiopia until the end of 2019. Different electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, CINAHL, Global Health, HINARI and Google scholar) were searched. Data were extracted in Microsoft Excel sheet and STATA/SE 14 was used to meta-analysis. I2 and Egger test statistics were used to test heterogeneity and publication bias respectively. Results Twenty-two articles with 8,873 adult HIV infected peoples were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled magnitude of disclosing HIV status to sexual partner was 74.63% [95% CI: (67.79, 81.47)]. Counseled [AOR = 4.96, 95% CI: (2.87, 8.55)], ART initiated [AOR = 4.78, 95% CI: (3.84, 5.94)] and who had a smooth relationship before HIV testing [AOR = 6.82, 95% CI: (3.49, 13.33)] were significantly associated with disclosing HIV status to sexual partner. Conclusions Disclosing HIV positive status to sexual partner in Ethiopia was low as the government invested in partner notification. Counseling, ART initiation and smooth relationship before HIV testing were significantly associated with disclosing HIV status to sexual partner. The government needs to strengthen pre and post HIV test counseling even after treatment started to increase disclosing status. Registration The protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the PROSPERO with a specific registration number: CRD42020161276; https://clinicaltrials.gov/.

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Emagnu, Abrham, Zenahebezu Abay, Abera Balcha Bulti, and Yaregal Animut. "Determinants of Virologic Failure among Adult HIV Patients on First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy at Waghimra Zone, Northern Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study." Advances in Public Health 2020 (August 29, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1929436.

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Introduction. The primary goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is to reduce the viral load in HIV-infected patients to promote quality of life, as well as to reduce HIV-related morbidity and mortality. A high rate of virologic failure was reported in Waghimra Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, in viral load assessment conducted among HIV-infected patients on ART in the Amhara region. However, there is limited evidence on the determinants of virological failure in the study area. This study aimed to identify the determinants of virological failure among HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Waghimra zone, Northern Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. An institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from May 21 to June 30, 2019. Cases were people living with HIV (PLHIV) on ART who had already experienced virological failure; controls were those without virological failure. Data were extracted from 92 cases and 184 controls through chart review using a pretested and structured checklist. The data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with virological failure, and variables with a P value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. This study revealed that poor adherence to ART (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.17, 8.31), taking ART for longer than five years (AOR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.17, 8.25), having drug toxicity (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.54, 7.23), age of PLHIV ≥ 35 years (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.29,4.64), and recent CD4 count <200 cells/mm³ (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.52, 6.13) were factors associated with virologic failure. Conclusion and Recommendation. This study showed that poor adherence to treatment, longer duration on ART, experiencing drug toxicity, older age, and recent CD4 <200 cell/mm³ are factors that increase the risk of virologic failure.

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Gebremichael, Delelegn Yilma, Kokeb Tesfamariam Hadush, Ermiyas Mulu Kebede, and Robel Tezera Zegeye. "Food Insecurity, Nutritional Status, and Factors Associated with Malnutrition among People Living with HIV/AIDS Attending Antiretroviral Therapy at Public Health Facilities in West Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1913534.

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Background. In resource limited settings, HIV/AIDS patients lack access to sufficient nutritious foods, which poses challenges to the success of antiretroviral therapy. HIV/AIDS and malnutrition are still major public health problems in Ethiopia. Though measuring nutritional status is an essential part of ART program, little evidence exists on food insecurity and nutritional status of HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia. Hence, the study aimed to determine food insecurity and nutritional status and contextual determinants of malnutrition among HIV/AIDS patients in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. Methods. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV/ADIS patients who have been attending antiretroviral therapy at public health facilities in West Shewa Zone from April to May 2016, Ethiopia. The sample size was 512 and study participants were selected from each facilities using systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using pretested questionnaire by trained data collectors. Data were entered to Epi-Info 3.5.1 for Windows and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine independent factors associated with malnutrition. Results. Prevalence of malnutrition was 23.6% (95% CI: 19.7%–27.4%) and prevalence of household food insecurity was 35.2% (95% CI: 31.1%–39.0%). Factors significantly associated with malnutrition among HIV/AIDS patients were unemployment (AOR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.8–5.3), WHO clinical stages III/IV (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.8–6.5), CD4 count less than 350 cells/μl (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.8–4.2), tuberculosis (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3–4.9), duration on antiretroviral therapy (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.9), and household food insecurity (AOR = 5.3; 95% CI: 2.5–8.3). Conclusions. The findings revealed high prevalence of malnutrition and household food insecurity among HIV/AIDS patients attended ART. The negative interactive effects of undernutrition, inadequate food consumption, and HIV infection demand effective cross-sectorial integrated programs and effective management of opportunistic infections like tuberculosis.

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Tesfay, Gigar. "Rock Art around the Zalanbesa Area in the Eastern Zone of Tigrai (Ethiopia)." Annales d'Ethiopie 16, no. 1 (2000): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ethio.2000.963.

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Tsehaye, Guesh. "Preliminary result of the rock art reconnaissance carried out in Tigrai region, Ethiopia." Semitica et Classica 12 (January 2019): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.sec.5.119666.

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Gusdal, Annelie K., Celestino Obua, Tenaw Andualem, Rolf Wahlström, John Chalker, Grethe Fochsen, and on behalf of the INRUD-IAA project. "Peer counselors' role in supporting patients' adherence to ART in Ethiopia and Uganda." AIDS Care 23, no. 6 (February 23, 2011): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2010.532531.

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Gallinaro, Marina, Andrea Zerboni, Tadele Solomon, and Enza Elena Spinapolice. "Rock Art Between Preservation, Research and Sustainable Development—a Perspective from Southern Ethiopia." African Archaeological Review 35, no. 2 (March 26, 2018): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-018-9289-z.

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Kim, Sunkyung, Ciara E. O’Reilly, Sisay A. Abayneh, Achuyt Bhattarai, Jelaludin Ahmed, Alemayehu Mekonnen, Zainab Salah, and Rob Quick. "Impact of Safe Water Programs on Water Treatment Practices of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Ethiopia, 2008." Water 12, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 3261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113261.

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Household water chlorination has been shown to reduce diarrhea incidence among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV). Some HIV programs in Ethiopia previously provided a socially marketed chlorination product (brand name WuhaAgar) to prevent diarrhea. To evaluate the program, we compared WuhaAgar use and water treatment practices between 795 clients from 20 antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics and 795 community members matched by age, sex, and neighborhood. Overall, 19% of study participants reported water treatment with WuhaAgar. Being an ART clinic client was associated with reported treatment of drinking water (matched odds ratios (mOR): 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.9–5.0), reported current water treatment with WuhaAgar (mOR: 5.5, 95% CI 3.9–7.7), and bottles of WuhaAgar observed in the home (mOR: 8.8, 95% CI 5.4–14.3). Being an ART clinic client was also associated with reported diarrhea among respondents (mOR: 4.8, 95% CI 2.9–7.9) and household members (mOR:2.8, 95% CI: 1.9–4.2) in the two weeks preceding the survey. Results suggest that promoting and distributing water chlorination products in ART clinics was effective in increasing access to and use of water treatment products among PLHIV. The positive association between ART clinic attendees and diarrhea likely resulted from the immunocompromised status of ART clinic clients.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ART in Ethiopia'

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