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Journal articles on the topic 'Art, Lesotho'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mazel, A. D., and A. L. Watchman. "Accelerator radiocarbon dating of Natal Drakensberg paintings: results and implications." Antiquity 71, no. 272 (June 1997): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00085069.

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As Rosenfeld & Smith report in this number of ANTIQUITY, the reconciliation of conventional chronologies for rock-art with the emergent radiocarbon-based dates is not proving an easy affair. Here are the first steps for the classic area of San hunter-gatherer art, on the South Africa/Lesotho border.

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Thackeray, J. Francis. "The wounded roan: a contribution to the relation of hunting and trance in southern African rock art." Antiquity 79, no. 303 (March 2005): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00113663.

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A 1934 photograph of a man dressed in an animal skin and a painting of three figures in a cave at Melikane, Lesotho led to a new hypothesis about the role of the roan antelope in both the economy and beliefs of early Africa. The author shows that not only art, but language too, may reach back to a time when the need for food first began to find expression in ritual.

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3

Lenela, Maletsatsi, and Stephen Knight. "Effectiveness of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy in adults with HIV associated tuberculosis in Lesotho in 2012." Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 32, no. 3 (October 1, 2017): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v32i3.44.

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Background:Lesotho has a huge burden of human immunodeficiency virus associated tuberculosis (HIV-TB). In this study we compared the effectiveness of early versus late commencement of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in adults living with HIV-TB in Lesotho.Methods: Three out of 17 hospitals were randomly selected and data extracted from the hospitals’ tuberculosis (TB) treatment registers for 247 adults living with HIV-TB who completed TB therapy during the first quarter of 2012.Results: Eighty (32%) commenced ART early (4 weeks), 100 (41%) were started late (≥4 weeks) and 67 (27%) received no ART. Both early and late ART initiators were more likely to have a successful TB outcome (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 10.1, 95% CI: 3.7 - 27.5 and AOR 8.4, 95% CI: 3.4 - 20.6, respectively) relative to the group who had no ART (p 0.001).Conclusions: Effective treatment exists for managing HIV-TB simultaneously. The guidelines for initiation of ART in adult HIV-TB in Lesotho have not been fully implemented, but those who commenced ART had significant clinical benefits. Health departments must address the challenges encountered in treating HIV-TB simultaneously to ensure those co-infected receive optimal care.

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Gill, Michelle M., Heather J. Hoffman, Majoalane Mokone, Vincent J. Tukei, Matsepeli Nchephe, Mamakhetha Phalatse, Appolinaire Tiam, Laura Guay, and Lynne Mofenson. "Assessing Very Early Infant Diagnosis Turnaround Times: Findings from a Birth Testing Pilot in Lesotho." AIDS Research and Treatment 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2572594.

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Very early infant diagnosis (VEID) (testing within two weeks of life), combined with rapid treatment initiation, could reduce early infant mortality. Our study evaluated turnaround time (TAT) to receipt of infants’ HIV test results and ART initiation if HIV-infected, with and without birth testing availability. Data from facility records and national databases were collected for 12 facilities offering VEID, as part of an observational prospective cohort study, and 10 noncohort facilities. HIV-exposed infants born in January–June 2016 and any cohort infant diagnosed as HIV-infected at birth or six weeks were included. The median TAT from blood draw to caregiver result receipt was 76.5 days at birth and 63 and 70 days at six weeks at cohort and noncohort facilities, respectively. HIV-exposed infants tested at birth were approximately one month younger when their caregivers received results versus those tested at six weeks. Infants diagnosed at birth initiated ART about two months earlier (median 6.4 weeks old) than those identified at six weeks (median 14.8 weeks). However, the long TAT for testing at both birth and six weeks illustrates the prolonged process for specimen transport and result return that could compromise the effectiveness of adding VEID to existing overburdened EID systems.

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Pepenene, Limakatso, and Ntsele Radebe. "Retelling the history of Lesotho : an interplay between orality, painting and film in Kalosi Ramakhula’s works." Issue 1 1, no. 1 (June 12, 2018): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2516-2713/2018/v1n1a5.

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Kalosi Ramakhula is the producer of Moshoeshoe: The Mountain King Volumes 1, 2 and 3, a series of videofilms which narrate the history of Lesotho in the 19th century. His production emerges as a rewriting of history in a context where historical documentation is predominantly authored by historians and ethnographers who complement their research through oral resources. Ramakhula uses a unique approach which incorporates visual art by way of historical paintings created to accomplish a coherent mixture with the established print, sound and vision media of documentary cinema. He collaborates with contemporary Basotho artists commissioned to produce elaborate naturalistic paintings of historical significant characters, sites, events and social practices of the period being depicted. Through an exploration of the concepts of multimodality and intermediality, the article uses a semiotic analysis of selected paintings to examine the multiple layers of potential meanings communicated by the film-maker. We argue that Ramakhula’s retelling strategy explicitly creates a link with the experience of nation building in the past and the present. The paintings are a significantly expressive form of media in this regard, creating a consciousness of Bosotho-ness as the one concept that in principle remains constant despite transformation over the centuries. Ramakhula’s work is seen therefore, as having the potential to create space for negotiations around contemporary debates on nation building in Lesotho.

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Challis, Sam, Jeremy Hollmann, and Mark McGranaghan. "‘Rain snakes’ from the Senqu River: new light on Qing's commentary on San rock art from Sehonghong, Lesotho." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 48, no. 3 (September 2013): 331–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2013.797135.

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7

Vandendyck, Martin, Mabaruti Motsamai, Mwenya Mubanga, Sebakeng Makhakhe, Syanness Tunggal, Sylvie Jonckheree, Gilles Van Cutsem, Amir Shroufi, and Tom Decroo. "Community-Based ART Resulted in Excellent Retention and Can Leverage Community Empowerment in Rural Lesotho, A Mixed Method Study." HIV/AIDS Research and Treatment - Open Journal 2, no. 2 (June 29, 2015): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/hartoj-2-107.

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8

Brown, Jennifer Anne, Alain Amstutz, Bienvenu Lengo Nsakala, Ulrike Seeburg, Fiona Vanobberghen, Josephine Muhairwe, Thomas Klimkait, and Niklaus Daniel Labhardt. "Extensive drug resistance during low-level HIV viraemia while taking NNRTI-based ART supports lowering the viral load threshold for regimen switch in resource-limited settings: a pre-planned analysis from the SESOTHO trial." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, no. 5 (February 18, 2021): 1294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab025.

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Abstract Objectives WHO guidelines on ART define the HIV-1 viral load (VL) threshold for treatment failure at 1000 copies/mL. The Switch Either near Suppression Or THOusand (SESOTHO) trial, conducted in Lesotho from 2017 to 2020, found that patients with persistent viraemia below this threshold (100–999 copies/mL) benefit from switching to second-line ART. This pre-planned nested study assesses the prevalence of resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) in SESOTHO trial participants. Methods The SESOTHO trial [registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03088241)] enrolled 80 persons taking NNRTI-based first-line ART with low-level HIV-1 viraemia (100–999 copies/mL) and randomized them (1:1) to switch to a PI-based second-line regimen (switch) or continue on first-line therapy (control). We sequenced relevant regions of the viral pol gene using plasma samples obtained at enrolment and 36 weeks. RAMs were classified with the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database. Results Sequencing data were obtained for 37/80 (46%) participants at baseline and 26/48 (54%) participants without viral suppression to <50 copies/mL at 36 weeks (21 control participants and 5 switch participants). At baseline, 31/37 (84%) participants harboured high-level resistance to at least two drugs of their current regimen. At 36 weeks, 17/21 (81%) control participants harboured resistance to at least two drugs of their current regimen, while no PI-associated resistance was detected in the 5 switch participants with ongoing viraemia. Conclusions Among persons with low-level viraemia while taking NNRTI-based first-line ART enrolled in the SESOTHO trial, the majority harboured HIV-1 with RAMs that necessitate ART modification. These findings support lowering the VL threshold triggering a switch to second-line ART in future WHO guidelines.

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Amstutz, Alain, Jennifer Anne Brown, Isaac Ringera, Josephine Muhairwe, Thabo Ishmael Lejone, Thomas Klimkait, Tracy Renée Glass, and Niklaus Daniel Labhardt. "Engagement in Care, Viral Suppression, Drug Resistance, and Reasons for Nonengagement After Home-Based Same-Day Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Lesotho: A Two-Year Follow-up of the CASCADE Trial." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 10 (November 29, 2019): 2608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz1126.

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Abstract Background The CASCADE trial showed that compared with usual care (UC), offering same-day (SD) antiretroviral therapy (ART) during home-based human immunodeficiency virus testing improved engagement in care and viral suppression 12 months after diagnosis. However, questions remain regarding long-term outcomes and the risk of propagating drug resistance. Methods After completion of the primary endpoint at 12 months, participants not in care in both arms were traced and encouraged to access care. At 24 months, the following outcomes were assessed in both arms: engagement in care, viral suppression, and reasons for nonengagement. Furthermore, we explored the acquisition of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) among SD arm nonlinkers. Results At 24 months, 64% (88/137) in the SD arm vs 59% (81/137) in the UC arm were in care (absolute difference [AD], 5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −6 to16; P = .38) and 57% (78/137) vs 54% (74/137) had documented viral suppression (AD, 3%; 95% CI, −9 to 15; P = .28). Among 36 participants alive and not in care at 24 months with ascertained status, the majority rejected contact with the health system or were unwilling to take ART. Among 8 interviewed SD arm nonlinkers, 6 had not initiated ART upon enrollment, and no acquired DRMs were detected. Two had taken the initial 30-day ART supply and acquired DRMs. Conclusions SD ART resulted in higher rates of engagement in care and viral suppression at 12 months but not at 24 months. Leveling off between both arms was driven by linkage beyond 12 months in the UC arm. We did not observe compensatory long-term disengagement in the SD arm. These long-term results endorse SD ART initiation policies. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02692027.

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Bachmann, Nadine, Amrei von Braun, Niklaus D. Labhardt, Claus Kadelka, Huldrych F. Günthard, Christine Sekaggya-Wiltshire, Barbara Castelnuovo, et al. "Importance of routine viral load monitoring: higher levels of resistance at ART failure in Uganda and Lesotho compared with Switzerland." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74, no. 2 (November 21, 2018): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky436.

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11

MITCHELL, PETER, and GAVIN WHITELAW. "THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF SOUTHERNMOST AFRICA FROM c. 2000 BP TO THE EARLY 1800s: A REVIEW OF RECENT RESEARCH." Journal of African History 46, no. 2 (July 2005): 209–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853705000770.

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Southernmost Africa (here meaning South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland) provides an excellent opportunity for investigating the relations between farming, herding and hunting-gathering communities over the past 2,000 years, as well as the development of societies committed to food production and their increasing engagement with the wider world through systems of exchange spanning the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. This paper surveys and evaluates the archaeological research relevant to these communities and issues carried out in the region since the early 1990s. Among other themes discussed are the processes responsible for the emergence and transformation of pastoralist societies (principally in the Cape), the ways in which rock art is increasingly being incorporated with other forms of archaeological data to build a more socially informed view of the past, the analytical strength and potential of ethnographically informed understandings of past farming societies and the important contribution that recent research on the development of complex societies in the Shashe-Limpopo Basin can make to comparative studies of state formation.

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Challis, Sam, Peter Mitchell, and Jayson Orton. "Fishing in the rain: control of rain-making and aquatic resources at a previously undescribed rock art site in Highland Lesotho." Journal of African Archaeology 6, no. 2 (December 2008): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/1612-1651-10111.

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13

Kikaya, Virgile, Laura Skolnik, Macarena C. García, John Nkonyana, Kelly Curran, and Tigistu Adamu Ashengo. "Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Programs Can Address Low HIV Testing and Counseling Usage and ART Enrollment among Young Men: Lessons from Lesotho." PLoS ONE 9, no. 5 (May 6, 2014): e83614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083614.

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14

Motsâ€™oene, Keneuoe Anacletta. "Is Womenâ€™s Increased Accessibility to Land a Path to Sustainable Development? The Case of Urban Maseru, Lesotho." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 5, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v5i4.818.

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This study argues that unlike other parts of Africa where women are marginalized and excluded from accessing resources particularly land, women in Lesotho have been empowered through the Act that gives them access to land which had not been the case in the in the past decades. This has made women potential agents in driving the process of sustainable development in the urban echelon of Maseru. The specific objective of this study therefore is to show that women in Lesotho are important catalysts in the sustainable development of Maseru, the capital city of Lesotho. This has increased their ability not only to use land for settlement but also engaged in economic activities that contribute to Lesothoâ€™s sustainable development. The study focused on three urban communities (Ha Foso, Sekamaneng, and Ha Matala) in Maseru. Purposeful sampling was engaged in selecting 80 female-headed households. It was discovered that women had both ownership and user rights of the land they occupied in their own capacity as household heads. The study has six sections: introduction, study objective, rationale, methodology, conceptual framework, study findings, conclusion.

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Eshun-Wilson, Ingrid, Ajibola A. Awotiwon, Ashley Germann, Sophia A. Amankwaa, Nathan Ford, Sheree Schwartz, Stefan Baral, and Elvin H. Geng. "Effects of community-based antiretroviral therapy initiation models on HIV treatment outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS Medicine 18, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): e1003646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003646.

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Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in the community and outside of a traditional health facility has the potential to improve linkage to ART, decongest health facilities, and minimize structural barriers to attending HIV services among people living with HIV (PLWH). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of offering ART initiation in the community on HIV treatment outcomes. Methods and findings We searched databases between 1 January 2013 and 22 February 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that compared offering ART initiation in a community setting to offering ART initiation in a traditional health facility or alternative community setting. We assessed risk of bias, reporting of implementation outcomes, and real-world relevance and used Mantel–Haenszel methods to generate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and risk differences (RDs) with 95% confidence intervals. We evaluated heterogeneity qualitatively and quantitatively and used GRADE to evaluate overall evidence certainty. Searches yielded 4,035 records, resulting in 8 included studies—4 RCTs and 4 observational studies—conducted in Lesotho, South Africa, Nigeria, Uganda, Malawi, Tanzania, and Haiti—a total of 11,196 PLWH. Five studies were conducted in general HIV populations, 2 in key populations, and 1 in adolescents. Community ART initiation strategies included community-based HIV testing coupled with ART initiation at home or at community venues; 5 studies maintained ART refills in the community, and 4 provided refills at the health facility. All studies were pragmatic, but in most cases provided additional resources. Few studies reported on implementation outcomes. All studies showed higher ART uptake in community initiation arms compared to facility initiation and refill arms (standard of care) (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.45; RD 30%, 95% CI 10% to 50%; 5 studies). Retention (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.54; RD 19%, 95% CI 11% to 28%; 4 studies) and viral suppression (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.49; RD 15%, 95% CI 10% to 21%; 3 studies) at 12 months were also higher in the community-based ART initiation arms. Improved uptake, retention, and viral suppression with community ART initiation were seen across population subgroups—including men, adolescents, and key populations. One study reported no difference in retention and viral suppression at 2 years. There were limited data on adherence and mortality. Social harms and adverse events appeared to be minimal and similar between community ART initiation and standard of care. One study compared ART refill strategies following community ART initiation (community versus facility refills) and found no difference in viral suppression (RD −7%, 95% CI −19% to 6%) or retention at 12 months (RD −12%, 95% CI −23% to 0.3%). This systematic review was limited by few studies for inclusion, poor-quality observational data, and short-term outcomes. Conclusions Based on data from a limited set of studies, community ART initiation appears to result in higher ART uptake, retention, and viral suppression at 1 year compared to facility-based ART initiation. Implementation on a wider scale necessitates broader exploration of costs, logistics, and acceptability by providers and PLWH to ensure that these effects are reproducible when delivered at scale, in different contexts, and over time.

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Tukei, Betty B., Geoffrey Fatti, Appolinaire Tiam, Nicoletta Ngorima-Mabhena, Vincent J. Tukei, Itumeleng Tshabalala, Veronica M. Sejana, et al. "Twelve-Month Outcomes of Community-Based Differentiated Models of Multimonth Dispensing of ART Among Stable HIV-Infected Adults in Lesotho: A Cluster-Randomized Noninferiority Trial." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 85, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000002439.

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Forssman, Tim, Matt Lotter, John Parkington, Jeremy Hollmann, Jessica Angel, and Wouter Fourie. "An Introduction to the Stone Age Archaeology of the Polihali Dam Area, Mokhotlong District, Lesotho." Journal of African Archaeology 18, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21915784-20190016.

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Abstract Much of Lesotho’s cultural heritage has been studied as a result of dam developments. Where dams have been built, heritage studies have provided crucial data for improving our understanding of local archaeological sequences. Ahead of the construction of the Lesotho Highland Development Authority’s (LHDA) new Polihali Dam in Lesotho’s Mokhotlong District and following the recommendations of a heritage assessment (CES 2014), a large-scale five-year cultural heritage management program was launched in 2018 that seeks to excavate and mitigate a number of heritage sites. Here, we provide the background to one of southern Africa’s largest heritage mitigation contracts by contextualising the current research program. We then present the archaeology of Lesotho’s eastern highlands basalt region using data collected during the inception phase of this program. The findings challenge current preconceived notions about the sparsity of archaeological remains for this region.

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Labhardt, Niklaus D., Isaac Ringera, Thabo I. Lejone, Thomas Klimkait, Josephine Muhairwe, Alain Amstutz, and Tracy R. Glass. "Effect of Offering Same-Day ART vs Usual Health Facility Referral During Home-Based HIV Testing on Linkage to Care and Viral Suppression Among Adults With HIV in Lesotho." JAMA 319, no. 11 (March 20, 2018): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.1818.

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19

Mitchell, Peter J. "The late Quaternary landscape at Sehonghong in the Lesotho highlands, southern Africa." Antiquity 70, no. 269 (September 1996): 623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00083757.

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In the rough and rugged country of the Lesotho highlands, rock-paintings and archaeological deposits in the rock-shelters record hunter-gatherer life-ways; at Sehonghong, a long sequence runs from recent times to and through the Last Glacial Maximum. Survey of the region's Middle and Later Stone Age sites shows a pattern of concentrations that likely applies to other parts of the Lesotho highlands.

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Moolenburgh, J. D., H. A. Valkenburg, and P. B. Fourie. "A population study on rheumatoid arthritis in Lesotho, southern Africa." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 45, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.45.8.691.

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Mwangi, Oscar Gakuo. "Hydropolitics versus Human Security: Implications of South Africa's Appropriation of Lesotho's Highlands Water." Daedalus 150, no. 4 (2021): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01879.

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Abstract The Lesotho Highlands Water Project, which exports water to South Africa, has enhanced the unequal structural relationship that exists between both states. Lesotho, one of the few countries in the world that exports water, has transformed from one of the largest sources of labor for South Africa to a water reservoir for South Africa. Though the project provides mutual strategic economic and political benefits to both riparian states, its construction has negatively affected environmental and human security in Lesotho. Due to hydropolitics, environmental threats in Lesotho caused by the project's construction are overlooked. These threats, which have devastating effects on resettled communities and the country's ecosystem, also constitute a threat to domestic and international security. The desire to prevent interstate conflict and maintain cooperation between the two riparian states further enhances the lopsided interstate relationship.

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Conz, Christopher R. "Sheep, Scab Mites, and Society: The Process and Politics of Veterinary Knowledge in Lesotho, Southern Africa, c. 1900-1933." Environment and History 26, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 383–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734018x15440029363690.

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This paper reconstructs a sheep-dipping campaign in Lesotho, southern Africa to explore the historical dynamics between local social and political circumstances, ecological change and veterinary knowledge. African livestock owners and the British colonial government accelerated a biological transition from local breeds to non-native merino sheep in the early 1900s to produce wool. Wool-bearing sheep ushered in Psoroptes ovis, a parasitic mite that caused the skin condition called scab. Examining colonial Lesotho's anti-scab campaign from 1903 to 1933, its politics, ideas and procedures, improves our understanding of the past and present interplay between transnational science, farmers, governments and the non-human world. This case study of sheep-dipping and the wool industry that it bolstered shows, too, how people from across the social spectrum interacted within new regulatory communities under a colonial state. These communities, fraught with social cleavages of race and class, and geared towards capitalist production, coalesced during the anti-scab campaigns and formed the political, technical and ideological foundation on which subsequent development schemes were built. Chiefs, stockowners, herders, labourers and European veterinarians too participated in various ways in this process of producing and circulating knowledge, and transforming livestock practices and policies.

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Johnston, Deborah. "Book Review:Imperial Gullies: Soil Erosion and Conservation in Lesotho, Kate B. Showers." Africa Today 53, no. 3 (March 2007): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/aft.2007.53.3.120.

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Logie, Carmen H., Lisa V. Dias, Jesse Jenkinson, Peter A. Newman, Rachel K. MacKenzie, Tampose Mothopeng, Veli Madau, Amelia Ranotsi, Winnie Nhlengethwa, and Stefan D. Baral. "Exploring the Potential of Participatory Theatre to Reduce Stigma and Promote Health Equity for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) People in Swaziland and Lesotho." Health Education & Behavior 46, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198118760682.

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Stigma and discrimination affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people compromise health and human rights and exacerbate the HIV epidemic. Scant research has explored effective LGBT stigma reduction strategies in low- and middle-income countries. We developed and pilot-tested a participatory theatre intervention (PTI) to reduce LGBT stigma in Swaziland and Lesotho, countries with the world’s highest HIV prevalence. We collected preliminary data from in-depth interviews with LGBT people in Lesotho and Swaziland to enhance understanding of LGBT stigma. Local LGBT and theatre groups worked with these data to create a 2-hour PTI composed of three skits on LGBT stigma in health care, family, and community settings in Swaziland (Manzini) and Lesotho (Maseru, Mapoteng). Participants ( n = 106; nursing students, health care providers, educators, community members) completed 12 focus groups following the PTI. We conducted thematic analysis to understand reactions to the PTI. Focus groups revealed the PTI increased understanding of LGBT persons and issues, increased empathy, and fostered self-reflection of personal biases. Increased understanding included enhanced awareness of the negative impacts of LGBT stigma, and of LGBT people’s lived experiences and issues. Participants discussed changes in attitude and perspective through self-reflection and learning. The format of the theatre performance was described as conducive to learning and preferred over more conventional educational methods. Findings indicate changed attitudes and awareness toward LGBT persons and issues following a PTI in Swaziland and Lesotho. Stigma reduction interventions may help mitigate barriers to HIV prevention, treatment, and care in these settings with a high burden of HIV.

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Rosenberg, Scott. "Monuments, Holidays, and Remembering Moshoeshoe: The Emergence of National Identity in Lesotho, 1902-1966." Africa Today 46, no. 1 (January 1999): 48–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/aft.1999.46.1.48.

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Weisfelder, Richard F. "Power in Colonial Africa: Conflict and Discourse in Lesotho, 1870–1960, Elizabeth A. Eldredge." Africa Today 55, no. 2 (March 2009): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/aft.2009.55.2.114.

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27

Christopher, AJ. "Land law in Lesotho: The politics of the 1979 land act." Land Use Policy 14, no. 1 (January 1997): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-8377(97)84400-6.

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Pargeter, Justin, and Jamie Hampson. "Quartz crystal materiality in Terminal Pleistocene Lesotho." Antiquity 93, no. 367 (January 21, 2019): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.167.

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Coplan, David B., and Tim Quinlan. "A chief by the people: nation versus state in Lesotho." Africa 67, no. 1 (January 1997): 27–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161269.

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The article explores the conflictual relationship among the Basotho chieftaincy, state, and nation in historical perspective. That history includes consideration of the recent and still unresolved political crisis in Lesotho. The current meaning of Sesotho, the ‘whole life process’ of the Basotho people, is examined in the context of the divergence between state and nation, between chiefs and people, between region and locality, and between modern and customary institutions and forms of organisation. Lesotho is unusual in Africa as a state attempting to emerge from an existing, monocultural nation rather than to build a not yet existing nation out of cultural plurality. It is this very peculiarity, and the state of seemingly endless political turmoil despite the absence of any ‘ethnic factor’ which provides the most telling commentary on more general relations between cultural and historical forms of political organisation in Africa.

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Kendall, K. Limakatso. "Cross‐dressing and theatre for liberation: Women in Lesotho." Contemporary Theatre Review 12, no. 1-2 (January 2002): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10486800208568659.

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Thetsane, Regina M. "Local Community Participation in Tourism Development: The Case of Katse Villages in Lesotho." ATHENS JOURNAL OF TOURISM 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajt.6-2-4.

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Hoag, Colin. "The Ovicaprine Mystique: Livestock Commodification in Postindustrial Lesotho." American Anthropologist 120, no. 4 (September 14, 2018): 725–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aman.13119.

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Makafane, David, and Tankie Khalanyane. "The Micro-Politics of Schooling in Lesotho: Bullying." Journal of Education and Culture Studies 2, no. 3 (August 15, 2018): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jecs.v2n3p191.

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<p><em>The paper is based on a study undertaken in 2015 to 2017 that explored the micro-politics of schooling in Lesotho, with specific focusing on bullying. A qualitative research design was adopted to probe for in-depth information about bullying in schools. The methodology employed was the case study approach in two high schools in Roma Valley. The population of the study was all teachers and students in the two high schools in Roma valley, while the sample comprised six teachers and eight students, who were purposively selected.</em></p><p><em>The study found out that bullying exists not only during school activities, but even during after school activities that learners are involved in. It was also found that bullying has negative consequences to all parties; perpetrators, victims and bystanders. Findings further revealed that the minority members of the society like visually impaired people, physically challenged and students with poor background are more prone to bullying because most of them do not have power to counteract bullies. The study further found that newly arrived students are the ones who are mostly targeted by bullies under the pretext of being taught the culture of the school. The study also found that teachers view bullying as an act of power imbalance where a powerful person takes advantage of a less powerful or vulnerable person. The study also found that cyber bullying is the latest form of bullying which is more harmful than any other form of bullying. The study also found that bullying contributes to depression and low self-esteem, which can lead to poor school performance and suicidal tendencies amongst the victims and bystanders. </em></p><p><em>The study therefore recommends that Lesotho government should come up with a policy to eliminate bullying in schools and establish programmes directed at teaching learners attitudes, knowledge and skills which they can use to circumvent bullying.</em></p>

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34

Quinlan, Tim. "Grassland degradation and livestock rearing in Lesotho." Journal of Southern African Studies 21, no. 3 (September 1995): 491–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057079508708459.

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35

Block, Ellen. "Flexible kinship: caring for AIDS orphans in rural Lesotho." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 20, no. 4 (October 21, 2014): 711–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.12131.

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36

Watson, Nigel. "Iterations, Reiterations, Stutters and Stumbles: A multicultural theatre project in Lesotho." Performance Research 12, no. 2 (June 2007): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13528160701554790.

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37

Leduka, Resetselemang C. "Recycled Fable or Immutable Truth? Reflections on the 1973 Land-Tenure Reform Project in Lesotho and Lessons for the Future." Africa Today 53, no. 3 (March 2007): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/aft.2007.53.3.90.

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Hunter, Emma. "The intertwined history of independence and development in Lesotho." Journal of Southern African Studies 47, no. 3 (May 4, 2021): 505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2021.1920193.

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AMBROSE, DAVID. "Land Law in Lesotho: The Politics of the 1979 Land Act. By ANITA SHANTA FRANKLIN. Aldershot: Avebury, 1995. Pp. ix + 206. £39.50; $67.95 (ISBN 1-85628-976-1)." Journal of African History 38, no. 1 (March 1997): 123–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853796566909.

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Lesotho's 1979 Land Act was, at least in conception, a major innovative piece of legislation. This book therefore arouses expectations. In some areas the book does indeed fulfill expectations, but in others it will unfortunately leave the reader disappointed or misled.

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40

Shanafelt, Robert. "Tracing the Topography of Wealth in Lesotho: A Comment on Ferguson." American Anthropologist 94, no. 4 (December 1992): 934–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1992.94.4.02a00120.

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41

Gocking, Roger. "Colonial rule and the ‘legal factor’ in Ghana and Lesotho." Africa 67, no. 1 (January 1997): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161270.

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This article compares and contrasts the development of the legal systems of two British colonies that occuped almost opposite ends of the colonial judicial continuum: what in colonial times were known as the Gold Coast and Basutoland. Both became British colonies in the late nineteenth century, but followed considerably different paths to that status. In the case of the Gold Coast it followed centuries of contact between Europeans and the coastal peoples in this area of West Africa. In the case of Basutoland incorporation into the European world was a nineteenth-century phenomenon and far more rapid. Nevertheless, at the turn of the century, as indirect rule became the officially accepted wisdom as to how colonial peoples should be ruled, administrators in both colonies sought to make the chiefly order an integral part of the colony's administration and award its chiefs judicial responsibilities. In the Gold Coast, however, chiefly courts remained in competition with a highly developed British-style Supreme Court. In Basutoland there were basically only chiefly courts until late in the colonial period, which applied Sesotho customary law that was written down as the Laws of Lerotholi in 1903. The two-tier judicial system of the Gold Coast allowed far more contestation and was far more flexible and responsive to social changes than was the case in Basutoland. Incremental changes over time meant that the judicial system evolved far more smoothly than in Basutoland. When in the latter colony changes did not come ‘from above’ in the 1940s, there was a serious outbreak of ‘medicine murders’ that many observers felt was directly related to the chiefs losing their judicial role. Also, the colony's high court ruled against the validity of the Laws of Lerotholi in the controversial ‘Regency case’. Apart from being a return to comparative analyses of the impact of colonial rule on former African colonies, much in vogue in the 1960s, this study is an attempt to modify the emphasis on ‘cleavage’ and the ‘coercive’ that has characterised historians' approach to the study of colonial law.

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Eldredge, Elizabeth A. "Women in Production: The Economic Role of Women in Nineteenth-Century Lesotho." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 16, no. 4 (July 1991): 707–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/494700.

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Vincent, Joan. "The Anti-Politics Machine: "Development," Depoliticization and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho. James Ferguson." Journal of Anthropological Research 47, no. 3 (October 1991): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.47.3.3630620.

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Jongh, Michael de. ": The Anti-Politics Machine: "Development, Depoliticization, and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho . James Ferguson." American Anthropologist 94, no. 1 (March 1992): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1992.94.1.02a00930.

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Coplan, David B. "‘I've Worked Longer Than I've Lived’: Lesotho Migrants’ Songs as Maps of Experience." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 32, no. 2 (March 2006): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830500487324.

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Mills, Stephanie C., Stefan W. Grab, and Simon J. Carr. "Recognition and palaeoclimatic implications of late Quaternary niche glaciation in eastern Lesotho." Journal of Quaternary Science 24, no. 7 (March 13, 2009): 647–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1247.

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Fitchett, Jennifer M., Stefan W. Grab, Marion K. Bamford, and Anson W. Mackay. "A multi-proxy analysis of late Quaternary palaeoenvironments, Sekhokong Range, eastern Lesotho." Journal of Quaternary Science 31, no. 7 (September 27, 2016): 788–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2902.

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Bulled, Nicola L. "(Re)distribution of blame: examining the politics of biomedical HIV knowledge in Lesotho." Critical Arts 27, no. 3 (June 2013): 267–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560046.2013.800664.

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Crais, Clifton. "Eldredge, Elizabeth A.: Power in Colonial Africa. Conﬂict and Discourse in Lesotho, 1870–1960." Anthropos 105, no. 2 (2010): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2010-2-632.

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McDonald, David A., Lovemore Zinyama, John Gay, Fion de Vlerter, and Robert Marres. "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner: Migration from Lesotho, Mozambique and Zimbabwe to South Africa." International Migration Review 34, no. 3 (September 2000): 813–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791830003400307.

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