Relevant bibliographies by topics / Art, Namibian

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Art, Namibian'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Art, Namibian"

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Vu, Lung, Brady Burnett-Zieman, Lizl Stoman, Minh Luu, Johnface Mdala, Krista Granger, Steven Forsythe, Abeje Zegeye, and Scott Geibel. "Effects of the implementation of the HIV Treat All guidelines on key ART treatment outcomes in Namibia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 28, 2020): e0243749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243749.

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Background This study aimed to help the Namibian government understand the impact of Treat All implementation (started on April 1, 2017) on key antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes, and how this transition impacts progress toward the UNAIDS’s 90-90-90 HIV targets. Methods We collected clinical records from two separate cohorts (before and after treat-all) of ART patients in 10 high- and medium-volume facilities in 6 northern Namibia districts. Each cohort contains 12-month data on patients’ scheduled appointments and visits, health status, and viral load results. We also measured patients’ wait time and perceptions of service quality using exit interviews with 300 randomly selected patients (per round). We compared ART outcomes of the two cohorts: ART initiation within 7 days from diagnosis, loss to follow-up (LTFU), missed scheduled appointments for at least 30 days, and viral suppression using unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Results Among new ART clients (on ART for less than 3 months or had not yet initiated treatment as of the start date for the ART record review period), rapid ART initiation (within 7 days from diagnosis) was 5.2 times higher after Treat All than that among clients assessed before the policy took effect [AOR: 5.2 (3.8–6.9)]. However, LTFU was higher after Treat All roll-out compared to before Treat All [AOR: 1.9 (1.3–2.8)]. Established ART clients (on ART treatment for at least three months at the start date of the ART record review period) had over 3 times greater odds of achieving viral suppression after Treat All roll-out compared to established ART clients assessed before Treat All [AOR: 3.1 (1.6–5.9)]. Conclusions and recommendations The findings indicate positive effect of the “Treat All” implementation on ART initiation and viral suppression, and negative effect on LTFU. Additionally, by April 2018, Namibia seems to have reached the UNAIDS’s 90-90-90 targets.
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Shigwedha, Vilho Amukwaya. "The homecoming of Ovaherero and Nama skulls." Human Remains and Violence: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 2 (2018): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/hrv.4.2.5.

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In October 2011, twenty skulls of the Herero and Nama people were repatriated from Germany to Namibia. So far, fifty-five skulls and two human skeletons have been repatriated to Namibia and preparations for the return of more skulls from Germany were at an advanced stage at the time of writing this article. Nonetheless, the skulls and skeletons that were returned from Germany in the past have been disappointingly laden with complexities and politics, to such an extent that they have not yet been handed over to their respective communities for mourning and burials. In this context, this article seeks to investigate the practice of ‘anonymising’ the presence of human remains in society by exploring the art and politics of the Namibian state’s memory production and sanctioning in enforcing restrictions on the affected communities not to perform, as they wish, their cultural and ritual practices for the remains of their ancestors.
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Beyers, Jaco, and Lize Kriel. "John Muafangejo’s How God Loves His People All Over the World as Material Religion." Religion and the Arts 24, no. 4 (October 26, 2020): 379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-02404002.

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Abstract The artworks produced at the Evangelical Lutheran Church Art and Craft Centre at Rorke’s Drift, KwaZulu-Natal, have been highly appraised and appreciated in South African art-historical circles, not in the least so as African expressions of postcolonial and anti-apartheid resistance. The work of Namibian artist John Muafangejo (1943–1987) is prominent amongst these. In this article, while borrowing generously from the methods of art historical research, our interest is primarily in works of art as objects of material religion. Erwin Panofsky introduced iconology as a way of determining the meaning of art. Iconology wants to enable the seeing of the unseen; seeing the transcendence—making it most applicable to the study of religion as a cultural practice. This article investigates in a critical way how iconology can assist in the study of material religion, especially as applied to the study of religious art. Because meaning is contextual, the conditions under which religious objects are made and interpreted are as important as the work itself. A discussion of a specific work by John Muafangejo originating from the Rorke’s Drift Centre will be conducted by testing the potential of iconology as an analytical tool in this African Christian environment.
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Botes, Anri. "The History of Labour Hire in Namibia: A Lesson for South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 16, no. 1 (April 26, 2017): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2013/v16i1a2320.

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Labour hire, the practice of hiring out employees to clients by a labour broker, has been a part of Namibia’s history since the early 1900s in the form of the contract labour system. This form of employment was characterized by inhumanity and unfair labour practices. These employees were subjected to harsh working conditions, inhumane living conditions and influx control. The contract labour system continued until 1977, when it was abolished by the General Law Amendment Proclamation of 1977. It was during the 1990s that the hiring out of employees returned in the form of labour hire. It continued in this form without being regulated until it was banned in the Namibian Labour Act of 2007. In 2009 Africa Personnel Services, Namibia’s largest labour broker, brought a case before the court against the Namibian Government in an attempt to have the ban nullified on grounds of unconstitutionality. It argued that the ban infringed on its right to carry on any trade or business of its choice as contained in section 21(1)(j) of the Constitution of the Republic of Namibia. APS triumphed. It was not until April 2012 that new legislation was promulgated in order to officially lift the ban and to regulate labour hire in its current form. This new legislation came into force in August 2012. Various very important provisions are contained in the Labour Amendment Act 2 of 2012 concerning labour brokers. Part IV of the Employment Services Act 8 of 2011, containing provisions for the regulation of labour brokers as juristic persons per se, was also introduced and came into force in September 2012. The aim of this note is to serve as a lesson to the South African government as to what could happen if labour brokers continue without legislation properly addressing the pitfalls associated with labour brokers. Also, it could serve as an example as to how the employees of a labour broker should be protected. In this regard the history of labour hire and the current strides in Namibia cannot be ignored.
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Dunaiski and Denning. "Estimated Burden of Fungal Infections in Namibia." Journal of Fungi 5, no. 3 (August 16, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5030075.

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Namibia is a sub-Saharan country with one of the highest HIV infection rates in the world. Although care and support services are available that cater for opportunistic infections related to HIV, the main focus is narrow and predominantly aimed at tuberculosis. We aimed to estimate the burden of serious fungal infections in Namibia, currently unknown, based on the size of the population at risk and available epidemiological data. Data were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), and published reports. When no data existed, risk populations were used to estimate the frequencies of fungal infections, using the previously described methodology. The population of Namibia in 2011 was estimated at 2,459,000 and 37% were children. Among approximately 516,390 adult women, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (≥4 episodes /year) is estimated to occur in 37,390 (3003/100,000 females). Using a low international average rate of 5/100,000, we estimated 125 cases of candidemia, and 19 patients with intra-abdominal candidiasis. Among survivors of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Namibia 2017, 112 new cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) are likely, a prevalence of 354 post-TB and a total prevalence estimate of 453 CPA patients in all. Asthma affects 11.2% of adults, 178,483 people, and so allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS) were estimated in approximately 179/100,000 and 237/100,000 people, respectively. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is estimated to affect 15 patients following leukaemia therapy, and an estimated 0.13% patients admitted to hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (259) and 4% of HIV-related deaths (108) — a total of 383 people. The total HIV-infected population is estimated at 200,000, with 32,371 not on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Among HIV-infected patients, 543 cases of cryptococcal meningitis and 836 cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia are estimated each year. Tinea capitis infections were estimated at 53,784 cases, and mucormycosis at five cases. Data were missing for fungal keratitis and skin neglected fungal tropical diseases such as mycetoma. The present study indicates that approximately 5% of the Namibian population is affected by fungal infections. This study is not an epidemiological study—it illustrates estimates based on assumptions derived from similar studies. The estimates are incomplete and need further epidemiological and diagnostic studies to corroborate, amend them, and improve the diagnosis and management of these diseases.
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Chinsembu, Wana W., and Kazhila C. Chinsembu. "‘Poisoned Chalice’: Law on Access to Biological and Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge in Namibia." Resources 9, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9070083.

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Many countries in Africa provide ethnobiological resources (more especially ethnomedicinal plants), which are converted by companies and users from developed countries into biopharmaceutical products without any monetary benefits to the countries of origin. To mitigate the lack of benefits, African countries are beginning to enact access and benefit-sharing (ABS) legislation, though their wheels turn very slowly. Since many African ABS laws have not been appraised for their feasibility, this paper presents a contextual analysis of Namibia’s new ABS law: The Access to Biological and Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge Act No. 2 of 27 June 2017. Even if several international conventions on ABS and local institutional structures guided the evolution of the 2017 Act, the main drivers for the enactment of the ABS legislation in Namibia are: Inequitable sharing of monetary benefits from the green economy, putative, but unproven cases of biopiracy, and political power contestations over ethnobiological resources. A critical analysis of important challenges faced by Namibia’s new ABS law include: Lack of adequate participatory consultations and technical capacity at the local level, discount of the non-commodity cultural value of TK, ambiguous and narrow definition of the term ‘community’, lack of a clause on confidentiality, and assertions that the new ABS law negatively impacts research in Namibian universities and botanic gardens. In contrast to South Africa’s ABS law, Namibia’s law is more onerous because it does not differentiate between commercial and non-commercial research.
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Shafuda, Christopher P. P., Rainer Lenz, and Matthew Mirecki. "Corporate Governance of SOEs and Compliance With the SOE Governance Act in Namibia: A Survey." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 4 (December 3, 2020): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i4.17251.

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This paper assessed the practices and standards of Corporate Governance for SOEs in Namibia. The results revealed that the state of the SOEs Corporate Governance system in Namibia is weak. SOEs are nearly uncontrolled and unmonitored regarding their Corporate Governance. Although the Government spends roughly half the size of its annual development budget on funding SOEs, it is not controlling the performance of its investments. The Namibian system of Corporate Governance is a decentralised model and relies almost solely on the Line Ministries to ensure compliance. However, the majority of Line Ministries are not executing their assigned ownership power. Most Line Ministries do not establish extra units or divisions for SOE monitoring, and instead, delegate the task of monitoring performance to staff across different divisions.
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Kjaeret, Kristin, and Kristian Stokke. "Rehoboth Baster, Namibian or Namibian Baster? An analysis of national discourses in Rehoboth, Namibia*." Nations and Nationalism 9, no. 4 (October 2003): 579–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8219.00128.

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Durojaye, Ebenezer. "Involuntary Sterilisation as a Form of Violence against Women in Africa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 53, no. 5 (June 29, 2017): 721–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909617714637.

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This article examines the meaning and nature of sterilisation. It equally discusses the historical context of involuntary sterilisation and its likely human rights implications. More importantly, it discusses the decision of the Namibian Supreme Court in Government of Namibia v LM and argues that the court fails to consider involuntary sterilisation as a form of human rights violation, particularly violence against women. The article contends that given the attendant mental, physical and emotional trauma a woman may suffer upon undergoing forced sterilisation, this would amount to an act of violence against women as recognised under international human rights law.
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Arzt, Clemens. "Preventive Powers of Police in Namibia – A Rights-Based Approach." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 52, no. 4 (2019): 504–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-2019-4-504.

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Namibia gained independence and ended the rule of apartheid only in 1990. It is often lauded as a model of human rights-based countries in Africa. Immediately after independence, the country introduced a distinctly rights-based Constitution with a broad Bill of Rights and also promptly laid the base for a modern police by enacting the Police Act of 1990. In that framework the Namibian Police are endowed with a broad set of ‘police powers’, i.e. means or measures of the police like questioning, arrest, search and seizure etc. ‘Preventive’ powers as a legally distinctive feature refers to law and order policing and prevention of crime, both clearly to be distinguished from investigation of criminal offences. Standards of human and fundamental rights protection developed under criminal procedure law are not directly applicable when it comes to the broad field of “preventive” powers of police. Subsequently these powers often lack a clear cut notional and legal concept, resulting in a deficit of predictability and delimitations despite of a rights based approach in the Constitution and the Police Act in general.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Art, Namibian"

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Palumbo, Meredith. "Alienation, consciousness, and reclaiming the trajectory of the visual arts in Namibian nation building (John Muafangejo, Joseph Madisia) /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3204286.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Art History, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: A, page: 0004. Adviser: Janet Kennedy. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Dec. 12, 2006)."
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Cole, Collin. "John N. Muafangejo, 1943-1987 : a perspective on his lino-cuts with special reference to the University of Bophuthatswana Print Collection." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002194.

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By way of an analysis of the lino-cuts executed by Muafangejo, firstly elements and influences that are evident in terms associated with his works, will be traced, for example 'primitive' and 'traditional' elements. Secondly, the characteristics that are particular to this artist's work will be defined. It is believed that by using this avenue of approach, a clearer understanding of the artist's traditional world and possibly the stylistic placement of the artist can be attained. However, to rely only on historical and cultural influences to give a perspective of his work, will not be sufficient. It will only highlight a portion of the evidence needed to fully understand his work. (From the introduction).
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Alberto, Zeka. "The impact of the Namibian 1992 Labour Act on health and safety regulation in the Namibian industry." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62550.

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This dissertation attempts to bring clarity and certainty in respect of the regulation of the health and safety aspect within the Namibian mining Industry. At the moment, there is lack of legal clarity in Namibia as to which set of laws or regulations applies to the mining industry in so far as health and safety of employees within the extractive industry is concerned therefore making it difficult for the industry to comply or comprehend its legal obligations. The absence of legal clarity culminated into uncertainty over which state functionaries are entrusted with the responsibility to regulate the health and safety aspect of mining in Namibia. It is observed that the uncertainty which prevails in the Namibian mining industry as to which laws or regulations are applicable in respect of health and safety of employees at work is attributed to and aggravated by the misconception of the Ministry of Mines and Energy which fails comprehend its role due to lack of proper legal advice and thereby assuming status quo. This research has found that Ordinance 20 of 1968 and its regulations were repealed to the extent that it dealt with health and safety of employees on mines and consequently the regulations of 1968 do not find application in Namibia since 1 November 1992. This paper further reveals or identifies the Health and Safety Regulations on the Health and Safety of Employees at Work made under Labour Act 6 of 1992 as the applicable law in this regard notwithstanding the fact that the assignment of the administration of functions under the Health and Safety regulations, is vague and contributes to the uncertainty instead of ameliorating the situation. The ordinance continues to be implemented by the ministry as if it is still applicable and very little is actually implemented under the 2007 Labour Act. Therefore, one can clearly say that in the absence of a new regulatory regime which introduces substantial change, there is nothing to measure against unless the Labour Act Regulations are properly assigned with post assignment directives.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Public Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Campbell, Heather. "Ant diversity, coexistence and myrmecophyte interactions in Namibia." Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627640.

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Namibia has high levels of diversity and endemism, and is recognised as a priority region for conservation . Ants are important components of arid ecosystems, they are ecologically dominant and drive vital processes, but there are few studies of them in Namibia. Ant-plant interactions form a significant area of ecological research; a classic example being the swollen-thorn acacias of Africa. This thesis describes Namibian ground and arboreal ant diversity and dominance, and characterises the ecology of a novel ant-acacia mutualism. I demonstrate that ant species richness and composition is highly variable across three arid Namibian habitats; saltpan, savannah and desert. Arboreal ants are shown to be a unique component of diversity, despite lower species richness than ground ants. The abundance of dominant ants influences species richness on the ground, but not on vegetation. In contrast to most ant-plant systems, individual camelthorn acacia trees, Vachellia erioloba, are stably and simultaneously inhabited by multiple ant species that nest within swollen-thorn domatia. The ant community on V. erioloba provides defence against herbivorous insects, although their effectiveness varies with herbivore identity. Nest site selection by the four taxonomically diverse ant species on V. erioloba is based on domatia morphology. Colony size increases with domatia size, but each species responds differently to availability of nesting space through varying levels of investment in brood production. Ants inhabiting myrmecophytes are thought to be nest-site limited and under intense competition. Unusually, on V. erioloba this is not the case, which may facilitate the rare coexistence of multiple ant species on individual host plants in this system. My research highlights the need for further work on ant diversity and ant-plant mutualisms in Namibia. The implications of this work are discussed and directions for future research suggested.
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Kechagia, Hermione. "Sémiotique visuelle et art rupestre : application sur un corpus de Namibie." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20074.

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Le travail consiste en une application de la methode semiotique sur un corpus d'art rupestre. Par consequent, un apercu des travaux dans le domaine des etudes en art rupestre est presente ainsi que des reflexions methodologiques concernant la semiotique visuelle. L'hypothese du travail consiste plus precisement en la recherche des structures spatio-temporelles de ce langage. Un modele de segmentation du corpus est elabore suivant les principes de la theorie de la gestalt. Basee sur une definition ternaire du signe iconique, une etude des constituants des gestalts est entreprise. Par la suite, les entites de la segmentation, a savoir supragestalts, gestalts et constituants sont etudiees du point de vue cinetique et syntaxique. Un modele actantiel est mis en place introduisant des concepts comme programme narratif, fonction, actant et acteur. Les resultats de l'analyse sont reconstruits afin d'esquisser un essai d'interpretation qui donnera matiere a discussion
The present work is an application of semiotic method to a rock art corpus. Relative works in rock art studies are presented and methodological considerations about visual semiotics as well. The work hypothesis consists of spatio-temporal structure of rock art. A model of corpus segmentation is elaborated in accordance with principles of the gestalt theory. Based on a ternary definition of the iconic sign, a study of the gestalt consituents is attempted. Furthermore, the units of segmentation, such as supragestalts, gestalts and constituents, are studied from a kinetic and syntactical point of view. An actantial model is established introducing concepts such as narrative program, function, actant and actor. The results of the work are reconstructed in order to outline an interpretation attempt for further discussions
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Eliphas, Hatutale John. "Barriers to adherence to antiretroviral treatment among adolescents in Onandjokwe district, Namibia." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5486.

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Master of Public Health - MPH
Poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among paediatric and adolescent patients remains a big concern to health workers at Onandjokwe CDC clinic in Oshikoto Region of Namibia. Despite successes in the scale up of ART in Oshikoto Region the clinic experienced high prevalence of poor adherence to ART among adolescent patients. Out of 631 adolescents alive and on ART in this clinic, 154 (24%) had records of poor drug adherence between Jan 2015 and August 2015; which compared poorly to only 4 % of 7289 adults currently on ART who have records of poor adherence during the same period. The aim of the current study was to explore barriers to adherence to antiretroviral therapy among these adolescents. Among the study population of 631 adolescents on ART in Onandjokwe, a sample population of 154 had records of poor adherence (scored below 85%) to ART between June 2015 and August of the same year were considered for the study but among them 16 adolescents were recruited as the study sample. Additionally, 5 caregivers of adolescents on ART, 6 Healthcare Providers were selected as key informants. A voice recorder and field notes were being used during data collection. Two 2 sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were held with adolescents while 2 FGD sessions held with 5 caregivers and 6 healthcare providers to elicit expert opinions. Lastly, 5 In-depth interviews were conducted with individual adolescents who missed ART medicine follow up for 1 month or more between January and August of 2015. Data Analysis was performed using hand manipulation by grouping responses into main study objectives/themes. Data cleaning, translation of voice transcription from Oshiwambo to English language and incorporating of non-verbal expressions was also done. The results indicate that factors contributing to poor ART adherence among adolescents are patient and family related, socio-economic, and related to substance abuse, stigma and discrimination, health care and health systems, as well as the environment and weather.
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Peltola, Pekka. "The lost may day : Namibian workers struggle for independence /." [Helsinki] : Finnish anthropological Society, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40139151m.

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Ashipala, Saima Nalimanguluke. "An analysis of corporate governance within the framework of state owned enterprises governance act in Namibia with specific focus on Namwater, Nampower and Transnamib." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21195.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
Recently, and over the last few years, a number of major State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) have not been financially sustainable. There have been revelations of increased misappropriations of funds and millions of dollars in dubious investments. The alleged reason for the failure of these SOEs has been the lack of efficient corporate governance. The objective of this research report was to analyse the challenges and successful aspects faced by SOEs in Namibia with regards to the enforcement of good governance within the SOEs Governance Act No.2 of 2006. The report further aimed to establish whether the SOEs Governance Act provides appropriate mechanisms to ensure good corporate governance within the enterprises and investigate whether the act has been enforced. To attain these objectives, the report presented a review of Namibia’s SOE sectors and SOE Acts. In addition, interviews were conducted with representatives of three SOEs in Namibia, that of TransNamib, NamWater and NamPower. Namibian SOEs are faced with challenges in terms of maintaining good governance. The SOEs are compelled by state pressure to adopt more goals such as social development and political objectives on top of their profit motive. Thus, by acting in the best interest of state-owned enterprises, various boards may be in conflict with the interests of the government with regards to social and political goals. Based on the evidence presented in this research report, the study points out five crucial aspects of non-conformance to best practices that can be used as lessons and as a basis from where Namibia can spearhead its corporate governance practices for SOEs within the framework of the State-owned Enterprises Governance (SOEG) Act.
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Biber, Bruce. "Intertribal war in pre-colonial Namibia /." Genève : Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36643297j.

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Fara, Katiuscia. "How natural are 'natural disasters'? : vulnerability to drought in Southern Namibia communal areas." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4850.

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Books on the topic "Art, Namibian"

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Adelheid, Lilienthal, Eins Annaleen, and Rogge Jo, eds. Art in Namibia: National Art Gallery of Namibia. [Windhoek]: The Gallery, 1997.

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Wyss, Katharina. Land matters in art: Our land, our heritage, our pride. Windhoek, Namibia: National Art Gallery of Namibia in cooperation with GIZ, 2013.

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Andreae, Heilwig. The Levinson collection: Being the Olga and Jack Levinson collection of S.W.A./Namibian art. Pretoria: Art Archives, University of Pretoria, 1986.

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My Eland's heart: A collection of stories and art : !Xun and Khwe San Art and Culture Project. Claremont, South Africa: David Philip, 2001.

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Winberg, Marlene. My Eland's heart: The art of the !Xun and Khwe. Claremont, South Africa: David Philip Publishers, 2001.

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Roux, Karin Le. Rural art in Namibia. Windhoek: Rössing Foundation, 1993.

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Kenny, Leo. Culture in Namibia: An overview. [Windhoek, Namibia: s.n., 1991.

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Schwikkard, Pamela-Jane, and Nico Horn. Commentary on the Criminal Procedure Act, Act 25 of 2004. Windhoek, Namibia: OrumbondePress.Namibia, 2007.

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Doling, Tim. Namibia arts directory. London: Visiting Arts, 1999.

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Bruce, Biber. Intertribal war in pre-colonial Namibia. Genève: Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Art, Namibian"

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Nankela, Alma, and Tilman Lenssen-Erz. "Rock Art in Namibia." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3429-1.

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Nankela, Alma, and Tilman Lenssen-Erz. "Rock Art in Namibia." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 9221–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_3429.

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Mupambwa, Hupenyu A., Martha K. Hausiku, Andreas S. Namwoonde, Gadaffi M. Liswaniso, Mayday Haulofu, and Samuel K. Mafwila. "Climate Change Implications and Mitigation in a Hyperarid Country: A Case of Namibia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2247–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_225.

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AbstractNamibia is the most arid country in sub-Saharan Africa characterized by the existence of two deserts, the Namib and the Kalahari. However, though being arid, agriculture still plays a critical role in Namibia’s economy, which includes both crop and animal production. Furthermore, the country is endowed with vast marine resources, with its marine waters being equivalent to two-thirds of Namibia’s terrestrial environment. In the face of climate change and a growing population, there is a need for Namibia to continue with its climate smart efforts which is critical in shifting the country from its current dependency on imports thus increasing the country’s food self-sufficiency. This chapter highlights the threats posed by climate change, both on land and the marine environment of the country, which has potential negative impacts on the economy. Current research being undertaken in Namibia on ocean acidification, sea water harvesting, climate smart agriculture, and atmospheric science, is also highlighted in this chapter. The information presented in this chapter will be critical in guiding climate change mitigation policies in hyperarid African countries, thus reducing the burden caused by the global change in climate. Aspects on the direction of future research on climate adaptation with a holistic and multidisciplinary approach are also proposed.
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Brown, Jill. "When All the Children Are Left Behind: An Exploration of Fosterage of Owambo Orphans in Namibia, Africa." In Vulnerable Children, 185–202. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6780-9_13.

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Alegana, Victor A., and Peter M. Atkinson. "Geography of Disease Burden: Case Studies in Namibia and Eritrea." In Practicing Health Geography, 29–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63471-1_3.

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AbstractAfrica continues to experience the highest infectious disease burden despite an increase in investments. These include investments in malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, as well as in communicable diseases. The global targets are to reduce the burden of these diseases through improved surveillance, prevention of outbreaks, effective case management, elimination and eventually, eradication. Achieving these targets, however, is limited by the poor geographic descriptions of the disease burden. Of the big five infectious disease burdens, malaria is the most advanced in terms of mapping its distribution. Malaria cartography has since formed the evidence-base for the design of many national malaria control programmes. This chapter focuses on malaria as an example, demonstrating its geographical descriptions. The availability of georeferenced malaria case data whether based on prevalence or incidence indicators has been used extensively in the mapping of geographical extents at national and sub-national scales. However, routine surveillance data is emerging as a valuable methodology of tracking burden in sub-Saharan Africa. A particular focus of this chapter is the use of routine national health systems surveillance data to describe, at a fine-scale, the distribution of malaria. However, routine data can be applied to the cartographic description of other diseases beyond malaria. The methodological aspects of burden estimation from routine surveillance platforms and cartography are highlighted.
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Jürgens, N., and A. Burke. "The Arid Scenario: Inselbergs in the Namib Desert Are Rich Oases in a Poor Matrix (Namibia and South Africa)." In Inselbergs, 237–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59773-2_12.

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Mapani, Benjamin, Rosemary Shikangalah, Isaac Mapaure, and Aansbert Musimba. "Dichrostachys cinerea Growth Rings as Natural Archives for Climatic Variation in Namibia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_257-1.

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AbstractGlobal Circulation Models (GCMs) are used to forecast climate change in Southern Africa, and the evidence shows that the region is going to warm up by up to 2° by the year 2050. Namibia is one of the driest countries in Southern Africa and is at a high risk of becoming much drier than current situation by 57%. Very few studies have been carried out in Southern Africa to show actual impacts of climate change. Practical applicability of GCMs at a local spatial scale remains limited due to the coarse nature of the models. Hence, improvement of the GCMs must begin with better understanding of the local microclimates and how they respond to regional circulation patterns. In many regions of Southern Africa, the lack of potential tools to access old climatic records precludes the estimation of climate trends beyond 100 years. In spite of these impediments, there are areas with excellent tree species such as Dichrostachys cinerea that are able to be used as climatic archives for specific time periods. In this chapter, the study shows that the combination of tree ring chronologies and precipitation records is a powerful methodology in climate modeling in the southern hemisphere and reveals nuances that show climate change. The evaluation of data from tree rings coupled with precipitation trends reveals signals that show that climate has indeed been changing over the past ten decades and will have a negative impact on livelihoods. These data can now be used in predictive models that can be used to project future scenarios and assist policy makers and planners to see how climate will evolve in the next 50–60 years.
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Mapani, Benjamin, Rosemary Shikangalah, Isaac Mapaure, and Aansbert Musimba. "Dichrostachys cinerea Growth Rings as Natural Archives for Climatic Variation in Namibia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2433–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_257.

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AbstractGlobal Circulation Models (GCMs) are used to forecast climate change in Southern Africa, and the evidence shows that the region is going to warm up by up to 2° by the year 2050. Namibia is one of the driest countries in Southern Africa and is at a high risk of becoming much drier than current situation by 57%. Very few studies have been carried out in Southern Africa to show actual impacts of climate change. Practical applicability of GCMs at a local spatial scale remains limited due to the coarse nature of the models. Hence, improvement of the GCMs must begin with better understanding of the local microclimates and how they respond to regional circulation patterns. In many regions of Southern Africa, the lack of potential tools to access old climatic records precludes the estimation of climate trends beyond 100 years. In spite of these impediments, there are areas with excellent tree species such as Dichrostachys cinerea that are able to be used as climatic archives for specific time periods. In this chapter, the study shows that the combination of tree ring chronologies and precipitation records is a powerful methodology in climate modeling in the southern hemisphere and reveals nuances that show climate change. The evaluation of data from tree rings coupled with precipitation trends reveals signals that show that climate has indeed been changing over the past ten decades and will have a negative impact on livelihoods. These data can now be used in predictive models that can be used to project future scenarios and assist policy makers and planners to see how climate will evolve in the next 50–60 years.
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Lenssen-Erz, Tilman, and Andreas Pastoors. "Reading Spoor." In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 101–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_6.

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AbstractThe spoor of animals and humans alike contain rich information about an individual and about a momentary activity this individual performed. If the – arguably hard-wired – human ability to read spoor and tracks is sufficiently trained, a footprint allows to glean from it various physical, kinetic, medical, social and psychologic data about an individual, as has been observed among various populations across the globe. The Ju|’hoansi San from northern Namibia still today practice traditional hunting so that tracking is a skill that is required and trained on a daily base. For a good tracker, the information she or he gets from spoor is equally rich on animal and human footprints, and it is not necessary that the tracker has been exposed before to the individual whose spoor she/he reads. In order to allow an assessment of how tenable are the interpretations by contemporary hunter-gatherers of prehistoric human footprints, this chapter elucidates methodological aspects of tracking and situates this ability in an epistemological framework.
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"Towards an archaeology of mimesis and rain-making in Namibian rock art." In The Archaeology and Anthropology of Landscape, 364–85. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203202449-44.

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Conference papers on the topic "Art, Namibian"

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Hamatui, Ndinomholo, Rajen N. Naidoo, and Nnenesi Kgabi. "P290 The respiratory health effects of occupational exposure to charcoal dust among namibian charcoal factory workers." In Occupational Health: Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.605.

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Andrews, Virginia P., Richard E. Hanson, Katelyn Marie Lehman, David J. Baylor, and John W. Williams. "VOLCANIC AND HYPABYSSAL LITHOFACIES IN A MESOPROTEROZOIC VOLCANIC ARC SEQUENCE, BARBY FORMATION, SOUTHWEST NAMIBIA." In 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017sc-289494.

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Hoffman, Paul F., Eric J. Bellefroid, Eben Blake Hodgin, Malcolm S. W. Hodgskiss, Glenn R. Jasechko, Benjamin W. Johnson, Kelsey Lamothe, and Samuel J. C. LoBianco. "WHY ARE CRYOGENIAN GLACIAL DEPOSITS ARE LOCALLY THICK, WHILE REGIONALLY THIN?: CASE STUDIES FROM THE OTAVI GROUP OF NAMIBIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-276796.

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Andrews, Virginia P., Richard E. Hanson, and Sierra C. Ohrmundt. "EXPOSED PYROCLASTIC VENT CONDUITS FOR MONOGENETIC ANDESITIC VOLCANOES IN A MESOPROTEROZOIC ARC SEQUENCE, SW NAMIBIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-306761.

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Andrews, Virginia P., Richard E. Hanson, David Baylor, Katelyn Marie Lehman, and John W. Williams. "INTERMIXED HAWAIIAN, STROMBOLIAN AND PHREATOMAGMATIC ERUPTION STYLES IN A MESOPROTEROZOIC VOLCANIC ARC SEQUENCE (BARBY FORMATION) IN SOUTHWEST NAMIBIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-283694.

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Caves, Lindsay R., Richard E. Hanson, and Sierra C. Ohrmundt. "INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THICK RHYOLITE SILLS AND WET, UNLITHIFIED LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS IN A MESOPROTEROZOIC VOLCANIC ARC SETTING, SW NAMIBIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-323890.

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Ohrmundt, Sierra C., Richard E. Hanson, and Virginia P. Andrews. "INTRUSIVE PYROCLASTIC ROCKS FORMED DURING EXPLOSIVE ANDESITIC ERUPTIONS IN A MESOPROTEROZOIC VOLCANIC ARC SETTING, BARBY FORMATION, SW NAMIBIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-306948.

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Ohrmundt, Sierra C., Richard E. Hanson, and Virginia P. Andrews. "ANDESITIC PYROCLASTIC INTRUSIONS INJECTED LATERALLY INTO WEAK LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS WITHIN A MESOPROTEROZOIC VOLCANIC ARC SUCCESSION, BARBY FORMATION, SW NAMIBIA." In 52nd Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018sc-310189.

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Ohrmundt, Sierra C., Richard E. Hanson, and Lindsay R. Caves. "COMPLEX SHALLOW-LEVEL ANDESITIC MAGMA PLUMBING SYSTEMS AND MAGMA/SEDIMENT INTERACTION IN A MESOPROTEROZOIC VOLCANIC ARC SETTING IN NAMIBIA." In Joint 53rd Annual South-Central/53rd North-Central/71st Rocky Mtn GSA Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019sc-327355.

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Hagen, M., A. T. Jakubick, D. Lush, and D. Metzler. "Integrating Technical and Non-Technical Factors in Environmental Remediation Conclusions and Recommendations of the UMREG ’02 Meeting." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-5006.

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The Uranium Mine Remediation Exchange Group meetings of representatives from US, Canada, Australia and Germany have been going on since 1993. The novelty of UMREG 2002 was that the traditional group from was extended to representatives from CEEC, which have a history of uranium mining and milling and are presently involved or interested in environmental remediation (ER) of the legacy. The meeting was attended and/or presentations given by representatives from Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Rumania, Russian Fed. and Slovenia. Furthermore, representatives from overseas countries, Brazil, Japan and Namibia having a present or historical uranium mining and the intent to remediate the consequences of the mining provided a contribution. The extended UMREG membership confirms the increasing interest in ER remediation and in following the “Good Environmental Remediation Practice” guidelines and provides a broader idea pool for the future UMREG meetings.
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Reports on the topic "Art, Namibian"

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Rukundo, Solomon. Tax Amnesties in Africa: An Analysis of the Voluntary Disclosure Programme in Uganda. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.005.

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Tax amnesties have taken centre stage as a compliance tool in recent years. The OECD estimates that since 2009 tax amnesties in 40 jurisdictions have resulted in the collection of an additional €102 billion in tax revenue. A number of African countries have introduced tax amnesties in the last decade, including Nigeria, Namibia, South Africa and Tanzania. Despite their global popularity, the efficacy of tax amnesties as a tax compliance tool remains in doubt. The revenue is often below expectations, and it probably could have been raised through effective use of regular enforcement measures. It is also argued that tax amnesties might incentivise non-compliance – taxpayers may engage in non-compliance in the hope of benefiting from an amnesty. This paper examines the administration of tax amnesties in various jurisdictions around the world, including the United States, Australia, Canada, Kenya and South Africa. The paper makes a cost-benefit analysis of these and other tax amnesties – and from this analysis develops a model tax amnesty, whose features maximise the benefits of a tax amnesty while minimising the potential costs. The model tax amnesty: (1) is permanent, (2) is available only to taxpayers who make a voluntary disclosure, (3) relieves taxpayers of penalties, interest and the risk of prosecution, but treats intentional and unintentional non-compliance differently, (4) has clear reporting requirements for taxpayers, and (5) is communicated clearly to attract non-compliant taxpayers without appearing unfair to the compliant ones. The paper then focuses on the Ugandan tax amnesty introduced in July 2019 – a Voluntary Disclosure Programme (VDP). As at 7 November 2020, this initiative had raised USh16.8 billion (US$6.2 million) against a projection of USh45 billion (US$16.6 million). The paper examines the legal regime and administration of this VDP, scoring it against the model tax amnesty. It notes that, while the Ugandan VDP partially matches up to the model tax amnesty, because it is permanent, restricted to taxpayers who make voluntary disclosure and relieves penalties and interest only, it still falls short due to a number of limitations. These include: (1) communication of the administration of the VDP through a public notice, instead of a practice note that is binding on the tax authority; (2) uncertainty regarding situations where a VDP application is made while the tax authority has been doing a secret investigation into the taxpayer’s affairs; (3) the absence of differentiated treatment between taxpayers involved in intentional non-compliance, and those whose non-compliance may be unintentional; (4) lack of clarity on how the VDP protects the taxpayer when non-compliance involves the breach of other non-tax statutes, such as those governing financial regulation; (5)absence of clear timelines in the administration of the VDP, which creates uncertainty;(6)failure to cater for voluntary disclosures with minor errors; (7) lack of clarity on VDP applications that result in a refund position for the applicant; and (8) lack of clarity on how often a VDP application can be made. The paper offers recommendations on how the Ugandan VDP can be aligned to match the model tax amnesty, in order to gain the most from this compliance tool.
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Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Namibia 1992. Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy21.1027.

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The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Namibia Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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