Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Artère pulmonaire'
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Cussac, Laure-Anne. "Implication des fibroblastes adventitiels d'artères intrapulmonaires dans la physiopathologie de l'hypertension pulmonaire : rôle des canaux TRPV4." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0115.
Full textPulmonary circulation is a low pressure system (between 10 and 15 mmHg at rest). Its first role is blood oxygenation which allows to carry dioxygen to the organs fontionnality. Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is one of the main pulmonary diseases. It is a rare and potentially fatal disorder, defined by a high arterial pulmonary mean pressure (greater than or equal to 25 mmHg at rest). This high pressure can be explained by the elevation of pulmonary arterial resistance and related to narrowing of the lumen of the artery, induced, among other, by the arterial remodeling in this pathology. Indeed, during the pathology implementation, the structure of the all three layers constituting the artery wall (intima-media-adventitia) is altered. The media and intima have received much attention from vascular biologists, howewer an increasing volume of experimental data indicates that this third compartment undergoes earlier and dramatic remodeling during PH. More specifically, the fibroblasts, the most abundant cells in adventitia, may act as key regulator of pulmonary vascular wall structure and function from the "outside-in". The fibroblasts may play the role of “sentinel cell” in the vessel wall. In responding to various stimuli, these cells are the first artery wall cells to show evidence of “activation” as proliferation, myofibroblast differenciation, migrationand invasion in the other wall layer, and extracellular matrix production. That way, fibroblasts participate directly to the overall artery remodeling observed in PH. Calcium is involved in numerous cellular signalling pathways such as those previously described. In the laboratory, we already proved that TRPV4 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid) channel, a non-selective cationic channel calcium permeable, is involved in media remodeling. Moreover, several datas show that this channel play an important role in diseases in which we observe a negative role of fibroblast such as sclerodermia, cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis. Considering these results, we were interested in the role of TRPV4 in fibroblast during PH more precisely in the adventitial remodeling process observed in this pathology. We first demonstrated the involment of TRPV4 in the adventitia remodeling regarding the tissue. Using two different animal models of PH, chronic hypoxia and monocrotalin models, we identified that this protein was up-regulated in sick rats and the mouse knock-down for this gene developed attenuated PH and adventitia remodeling compare to the control. Then we studied the role of TRPV4 in the mechanism leading to the adventitia remodeling. Thanks to pharmacological molecule and siRNA we proved that activation of TRPV4 increased proliferation (BrdU assay), migration (wound assay) and fibrotic activity such as excessed production of extracellular matrix (using western blot analyse) of the fibroblasts. With all these results, it would be interested to culture fibroblasts in hypoxic conditions and/or subjecting themselves to chronicle stretch to imitate HTP pathology and evaluate TRPV4 role in these conditions
Lavernhe-Lemaire, Marie-Christine de. "Etude comparée du tonus basal d'anneaux d'artère pulmonaire de rats élevés en normoxie et hypoxie chronique : tensions passives et contraction myogénique." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR3304.
Full textProvencher, Steeve. "Hémodynamique à l'exercice et tolérance à l'effort dans l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25303/25303.pdf.
Full textSchlund, Christian. "Artère coronaire gauche née de l'artère pulmonaire : rappels anatomo-cliniques : revue de la littérature : définition d'une démarche diagnostique à partir de trois cas personnels." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M302.
Full textGhigna, Maria. "Anomalies structurelles et fonctionnelles de l'arbre vasculaire pulmonaire au cours de l'HTAP : de la morphologie à l'analyse moléculaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS323/document.
Full textThe pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains unclear. Différent mechanisms are involved in the vascular remodeling in PH. The disruption of cellular interactions and the activation of specific signalling pathways contribute to the development and progression of the structural changes in small pulmonary arteries. Moreover, environmental and genetic factors may predispose to this vascular disease.The alterations of pulmonary micro-vessels and of bronchial circulation in chronic thromboembolic disease and in pulmonary arterial hypertension represent a new finding in such diseases, with potential implications in the managment of patients. Pulmonary microvascular changes and bronchial circulation remodeling are also idenfied in selected animal models of PH
Mechiche, Hakima. "Récepteurs des neurokinines et des leucotriènes sur les muscles lisses vasculaires et bronchiques humains : expression et fonction." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMM207.
Full textFew studies have been devoted to the expression, localization and function of the receptor subtypes involved in the effects of leukotrienes and neurokinins on systemic vascular tissues. With respect to neurokinins, this work demonstrates for the first time the expression of NK1- and NK2-receptors on the smooth muscle of human saphenous veins and the contractile effect of NKA through NK2-receptor activation. In addition, NK1-receptors have been also localized on the endothelium of this vessel type. On human pulmonary vessels, we have only found the expression of NK1-receptors on the endothelium. These endothelial NK1-receptors are involved in substance P-induced relaxation through the release of nitric oxide and prostaglandins. On this two types of human vascular tissues, the functional responses are characterized by the rapid onset of tachyphylaxis. With respect to leukotrienes, both CysLT1- and CysLT2-receptors are expressed by saphenous veins whereas only CysLT1-receptors are expressed by human bronchus. On both tissues, only CysLT1-receptors are involved in the contractile response. The small human bronchi (internal diameter > 1mm) are about 30-fold more sensitive to the leukotriene contractile effects than the large human bronchi. As a whole, these results suggest the potential therapeutic interest of neurokinin and leukotriene antagonists in vascular diseases
Dahan, Diana. "Etude des mécanismes cellulaires de l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire : rôle des canaux TRPV dans l'hyperréactivité et le remodelage des artères pulmonaires de rat." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21843/document.
Full textPulmonary hypertension (PH)) is the primary pathology of the pulmonary circulation and has a very bad prognostic. This disease is characterized by a hyperreactivity and remodelling of small pulmonary arteries (PA) leading to a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance which ultimately leads to right heart failure and death of the patient. It is admitted that calcium plays an important role both in the mechanisms of remodelling and in the hyperresponsiveness of PA observed in PH. In the present work, we studied the expression and the role of a particular family of calcium channels, TRPV channels, in PA from control rats (normoxic) and pulmonary hypertensive rats (chronically hypoxic and monocrotaline-treated rats). We show that (1) TRPV1, V2 and V4 channels are expressed in the PA and that their expression are increased in PH; (2) stimulation of these channels by specific agonists induces an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration in smooth muscle cells (SMC), (3) the ryanodine receptor type 2 (RRy2) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is involved in the TRPV4-dependent signaling pathway and its expression is also increased in PH, (4) TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels are involved in the migration of SMC, the fundamental process of remodelling, (5) contractions induced by activation of TRPV2 and TRPV4 in the PA from hypertensive rats are significantly decreased by streptomycine, an inhibitor of stretch activated channels (SAC). This work thus demonstrates the involvement of TRPV channels in both the hyperreactivity and remodelling of PA. New treatments targeting TRPV channels could be an innovative therapeutic approach for pulmonary hypertension
DALMAS, JEAN-PAUL. "Artere pulmonaire gauche aberrante : a propos de 3 observations." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M144.
Full textSznajer, Yves. "Etude des manifestations cardiovasculaires chez les patients présentant un syndrome de Noonan porteurs de mutation au sein du gène PTPN11: rôles des gènes de la voie de signalisation des MAP kinases pour les syndromes apparentés." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210210.
Full textAfin d’appréhender les implications possibles du gène PTPN11 dans la survenue des cardiopathies chez les patients porteurs de ces deux syndromes, nous avons conduit une étude chez 272 patients au syndrome de Noonan et une étude chez 19 patients porteurs du syndrome LEOPARD. Parmi la cohorte de patients atteints du syndrome de Noonan, 104 ont été diagnostiqués porteurs d’une mutation du gène (38%). Une prévalence de survenue de cardiopathies affectant les structures droites du cœur se dégage chez les patients identifiés porteurs d’une mutation avec une différence significative pour la SVP, une tendance est relevée pour le canal atrio-ventriculaire et la communication inter-auriculaire de type Ostium Secundum. L’absence de mutation est corrélée avec la survenue de cardiomyopathie hypertrophique et de cardiopathies du cœur gauche. Parmi les patients atteints du syndrome LEOPARD, il n’existe pas de différence statistiquement significative pour les patients porteurs d’une mutation ou non et/ou pour une cardiopathie particulière.
Toutes les mutations identifiées du gène PTPN11 sont des mutations ‘faux-sens’. Ce gène appartient à la famille des gènes codant pour une protéine tyrosyl phosphatase, SHP-2, ne possédant pas de récepteur trans-membranaire. Cette phosphatase est impliquée dans la voie de signalisation cellulaire des MAP (‘Mitogen-activated protein’) kinases dont l’expression est ubiquitaire et inclut le coeur. Depuis nos travaux, le concept de syndrome « neuro-cardio-facio-cutané » est établi puisque, à ce jour, 9 gènes (SOS1, RAF1, BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, HRAS, NF1, SPRED1 et SHOC2), tous impliqués dans la voie de signalisation RAS (voie des MAP kinases) sont identifiés. Un spectre phénotypique existe avec des signes communs mais aussi distinctifs chez les patients présentant le syndrome de Noonan, le syndrome LEOPARD, le syndrome de Costello, le syndrome Cardio-Facio-Cutané (CFC), le syndrome « Noonan-NF1 », le syndrome de Legius et le syndrome « Noonan/Multiple Giant Cell Lesion ». Nous rapportons enfin l’observation d’une patiente atteinte du syndrome CFC et porteuse d’une mutation (p.R257Q) au sein du gène BRAF ayant développé une cardiomyopathie hypertrophique.
Ces travaux de cohortes de patients au phénotype du syndrome de Noonan, du syndrome LEOPARD et cette dernière description d’une patiente au syndrome CFC ont permis de participer à la découverte de l’implication d’une voie de signalisation cellulaire dont l’origine génétique est maintenant démontrée. Les résultats de nos travaux réalisés depuis 2002 auront permis, avec les équipes travaillant sur le même sujet, d’orienter les investigations et les nouveaux projets de recherche qui étudient spécifiquement le rôle du gène PTPN11 dans l’embryologie du cœur. Les études des orthologues (zebrafish, murin et Drosophila) porteurs à l’état hétérozygote d’une mutation du gène PTPN11 permettent d’intégrer les anomalies phénotypiques et cardiaques observées. Ces études permettent de postuler les effets cellulaires produits par les mutations chez les patients atteints du syndrome de Noonan et chez les patients atteints du syndrome LEOPARD engendrant in vitro une activation de la phosphatase (effet « gain de fonction ») pour les premiers ou une réduction de l’activité phosphatase (« dominant négatif ») mais engendrant un effet gain de fonction in vivo. Nous discutons les connaissances acquises, les compréhensions obtenues et intégrées et traçons enfin les perspectives offertes par ces travaux.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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Bonnet, Mathieu. "Angio-IRM des artères pulmonaires : choix techniques et optimisation." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23048.
Full textTRISCOS, DOMINIQUE. "Communication entre l'artere pulmonaire et l'oreillette gauche : revue de la litterature a propos d'une observation." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25054.
Full textSALOMON, JEAN-FRANCOIS. "Fistule coronaro-pulmonaire a propos d'un cas." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31054.
Full textLEROUSSEAU, LIONEL. "Fistule aorto-pulmonaire aigue avec hypertension arterielle pulmonaire compliquant un anevrysme dystrophique de l'aorte ascendante." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE6528.
Full textDEVOUASSOUX, SHISHE BORAN MOJGAN. "Les sarcomes de l'artere pulmonaire : a propos de 2 observations d'angiosarcome ; revue de la litterature." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M014.
Full textLemahieu, Jean-Michel. "Absence de division primaire de l'artere pulmonaire : etude a propos d'un cas et revue de la litterature." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M042.
Full textGilbert, Guillaume. "Les voies de signalisation calciques impliquées dans la réponse à l’étirement dans les artères intrapulmonaires. Modifications dans l’hypertension pulmonaire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0179/document.
Full textPulmonary hypertension (PH) is the main disease of the pulmonary circulation. This pathology ischaracterized by an increase of the intrapulmonary arterial (PA) pressure at rest (> 25 mmHg). This pressureexerts stretch forces on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC). Stretch-activated channels (SAC)are present in PASMC and are able to transform a mechanical stimulus of stretch into a biological responseof contraction, a phenomenon called myogenic tone. Ca2+ is a second messenger that can be mobilizedfrom both the extracellular medium and intracellular Ca2+ stores. An increase of the intracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) leads to PASMC contraction. Using patch-clamp, microspectrofluorimetry,immunostainings and a pharmacological approach, we highlight Ca2+ signaling pathways induced by stretchin PASMC. Experiments were performed in normal rats and in two models of PH (chronically hypoxic ratsand monocrotaline rats). We showed that in normal rats a stretch induces a Ca2+ influx through SAC whichis amplified by (1) a plasma membrane hyperpolarization by BKCa channels and (2) a Ca2+ amplification bysubplasmalemnal ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Besides, mitochondria areinvolved in buffering cytoplasmic Ca2+. In PH rats, the Ca2+ influx by SAC and the Ca2+ release by RyR areenhanced due to a reorganization of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Furthermore, a functional associationbetween SR and caveolae conduce to a much greater amplification of the stretch-induced Ca2+ increase inPH rats. Finally, we showed that the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 is expressed in PA. To conclude, thespatial organization of Ca2+ stores in PASMC is important for cell signaling and plays a casual role in PH
AMAD, FATMA. "L'absence d'artere pulmonaire gauche : a propos de deux observations." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M141.
Full textVERNEYRE, THIERRY. "Fistules coronaro-pulmonaires congenitales bilaterales multiples : a propos d'un nouveau cas : revue de la litterature." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF13008.
Full textJANIN, MARIE-FRANCE. "L'atteinte arterielle pulmonaire de la maladie de takayasu : etude d'une observation." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M198.
Full textKERCKHOVE, HERVE. "Pseudo-anevrysmes erosifs arteriels pulmonaires : a propos de huit observations." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M215.
Full textGonzalez, Paulo Gabriel 1981. "Caracterização farmacológica de artéria pulmonar de Callithrix jacchus : importância do sistema nervoso parassimpático?" [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312625.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T12:19:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gonzalez_PauloGabriel_M.pdf: 1495536 bytes, checksum: 26ccc94133bf9c2af38d1a3c267493c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: É bem estabelecido que a acetilcolina (ACh) produz relaxamento da musculatura lisa vascular através da liberação endotelial do óxido nítrico (NO) e, portanto, é uma das ferramentas farmacológicas mais utilizadas para avaliar a integridade do endotélio. Experimentos preliminares feito pelo nosso grupo mostraram que a ACh não relaxou a aorta e nem artéria pulmonar de sagui (Callithrix jacchus), além de induzir contração neste último leito em vaso com endotélio íntegro. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar de maneira mais detalhada a resposta colinérgica em artéria pulmonar de sagui. Em artéria pulmonar, O ADP (0.01-100 µM) produziu relaxamento dependente da concentração, que foi reduzido a aproximadamente 42% na presença do L-NAME (100 ?M) ou da indometacina (inibidor não seletivo da cicloxigenase, 10 ?M). A ACh (0.00001-1 mM) induziu contração dependente da concentração com valores de potência (pEC50) e resposta maxima (Emax) de 5.83 ± 0.08 and 90 ± 5%, respectivamente. A Emax da ACh aumentou aproximadamente 28% e 22% na presença de L-NAME e após a remoção do endotélio, respectivamente. Os antagonistas muscarínicos mais seletivos para os subtipos M2 e M3, metoctramina e 4-DAMP, e a indometacina reduziram significativamente a contração induzida pela ACh. A estimulação elétrica (4-16 Hz, 80 V, 10 segundos de estimulação) induziu contração dependente da frequência que foi significativamente reduzida na presença de 4-DAMP (0.1 µM), metoctramina (0.1 µM) e fentolamina (10 ?M) e aumentada pela fisostigmina (10 µM). Na presença de hexametônio (1 ?M), fentolamina (10 µM) ou tetrodotoxina (1 ?M) a contração mediada pela ACh não foi alterada. A análise de imunofluorescência revelou a presença da colina acetiltransferase (ChAt) na tunica media. Estes dados mostram a presença de uma inervação colinérgica excitatória em artéria pulmonar de Callithrix jacchus
Abstract: It is well established that acetylcholine (ACh) produces relaxation of vascular smooth muscle by endothelial release of nitric oxide (NO) and thus is one of the most widely used pharmacological tools to assess the integrity of the endothelium. Preliminary experiments done by our group showed that ACh did not relax the aorta and pulmonary artery of marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), and induces contraction in the latter bed in vessel with intact endothelium. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize in more detail the cholinergic response in pulmonary artery marmoset. In pulmonary artery ADP (0.01-100 µM) produced concentration-dependent relaxation which was reduced to approximately 42% in the presence of L-NAME (100 µM) and indomethacin (nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, 10 µM). ACh (0.00001-1mM) produced concentration-dependent contractions with potency values (pEC50) and maximum response (Emax) of 5.83 ± 0:08 and 90 ± 5%, respectively. The Emax of ACh increased by approximately 28% and 22% in the presence of L-NAME and after removal of the endothelium, respectively. The muscarinic antagonists more selective for subtypes M2 and M3, methoctramine and 4-DAMP, and indomethacin significantly reduced ACh-induced contraction. Electrical field stimulation (EFS 4-16 Hz, 80 V, 10 seconds of stimulation) induced frequency-dependent contraction, which was significantly reduced in the presence of 4-DAMP (0.1 µM), methoctramine (0.1 µM) and phentolamine (10 µM) and augmented by physostigmine (10 µM). In the presence of hexamethonium (1 µM), phentolamine (10 µM) or tetrodotoxin (1 µM) contraction mediated by ACh was not altered. The immunofluorescence analysis revealed the expression of choline acetyltransferase (Chat) in Tunica Media. These data show the presence of an excitatory cholinergic innervation in the pulmonary artery Callithrix jacchus
Mestrado
Farmacologia
Mestre em Farmacologia
Pavelescu, Adriana. "Echocardiography for the noninvasive study of the pulmonary circulation: applications to the study of right ventricular effects of targeted therapies of pulmonary hypertension, limiting factors to exercise capacity, and detection of early pulmonary vascular disease in healthy subjects." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209616.
Full textEn intégrant les mesures obtenues dans une approche physiopathologique, et en exploitant les nouvelles possibilités d’échocardiographes portables, techniquement performants, nous avons analysé les effets d’un inhibiteur de la phosphodiestérase-5 et d’une prostacycline, pour tenter d’en identifier d’éventuels effets introtropes intrinsèques, nous avons exploré le concept de réserve vasculaire pulmonaire comme facteur limitant de l’aptitude aérobie et indice potentiel d’une atteinte vasculaire pulmonaire précoce, et obtenu des résultats préliminaires permettant d’identifier une hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) latente. Nos principaux résultats peuvent être résumés comme suit :
1. Chez le sujet sain, en normoxie ou dans un modèle expérimental d’HTAP induite par l’inhalation d’un mélange gazeux hypoxique, le sildenafil per os ou l’epoprostenol par voie intraveineuse, à des doses utilisées en clinique pour le traitement de l’HTAP, améliorent les indices de la fonction ventriculaire droite en proportion de leurs effets vasodilatatoires pulmonaires, sans effets inotropes intrinsèques détectables.
2. La consommation d’oxygène maximale du sujet sain augmente en raison directe de son volume capillaire pulmonaire (calculé à partir de sa capacité de diffusion pour l’oxyde nitrique et le monoxyde de carbone) et en raison inverse de sa résistance vasculaire pulmonaire, non seulement en altitude, mais aussi au niveau de la mer. Ce résultat suggère qu’une plus grande réserve vasculaire pulmonaire est propice aux efforts aérobiques intenses, probablement par moindre postcharge ventriculaire droite.
3. Des mesures réalisées chez un petit nombre de sujets suggèrent que la distensibilité vasculaire pulmonaire, calculée à partir d’une relation débit-pression vasculaire pulmonaire, est typiquement réduite chez des porteurs asymptomatiques de la mutation BMPR2, qui est actuellement le facteur de risque le plus élevé connu de l’HTAP. La mutation BMPR2 pourrait aussi être associée à une réactivité vasculaire pulmonaire accrue à l’hypoxie.
Nos résultats suggèrent indirectement que l’échocardiographie Doppler, de repos ou de stress, pourrait être davantage développée dans la mise au point de patients à risque d’HTAP./
Novel advances in echocardiography offer the opportunity to reliably characterize pulmonary circulation in terms of pressure-flow relationship, and to better understand the coupling of right ventricular (RV) function with normal and abnormal pulmonary hemodynamics. Moreover, when combined with the measurement of pulmonary capillary blood volume, this renewed methodological approach may help to understand the concept of pulmonary vascular reserve as a limiting factor of exercise capacity and potential sensitive marker of early vascular disease.
In the present work we used a model of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction to analyse the effects of two targeted therapies of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) on the RV function. We showed that the beneficial effects of these drugs are mainly driven by a decrease in RV afterload and not an enhanced myocardial inotropic state. Whether this is transposable to abnormal RV-arterial coupling in PAH patients remains to be investigated.
Echocardiography may be useful to explore the pulmonary vascular reserve as an important limiting factor of exercise capacity. We showed that a higher pulmonary vascular reserve, defined by a decreased PVR and increased lung diffusing capacity, allows for an improved aerobic exercise capacity (as assessed by a higher peak oxygen consumption), at a lower ventilatory cost, at sea level and at high altitude.
Stress echocardiography may detect an abnormal pulmonary vasoreactivity. We showed that asymptomatic relatives of patients suffering from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, and who carry a bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 mutation (BMPR2) present with a decreased pulmonary vascular distensibility and an enhanced pulmonary vasoreactivity to hypoxia, which are identifiable by echocardiography examination. However, the predictive value of these findings is not known.
Thus echocardiography may represent, in experienced and dedicated hands, a noninvasive, safe, widely available, applicable at the bed-side as well as in extreme environment (e.g. high altitudes), less expensive alternative for the evaluation of the pulmonary circulation, either by the interrogation of pressure-flow relationship (stress echocardiography), by the investigation of the right ventricle global and regional function in relation to its afterload (standard and Tissue Doppler Imaging), or by a combined approach with the measurement of lung diffusing capacity (DLNO / DLCO) to assess the pulmonary vascular reserve.
The present data are encouraging for further development and implementation of echocardiography for the detection, but also the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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Perdu-Kaaki, Agnès. "Arythmie ventriculaire grave révélatrice d'une naissance anormale de la coronaire gauche à partir de l'artère pulmonaire chez l'adulte : à propos de deux cas." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11063.
Full textBenyahia, Chabha. "Effets des prostaglandines I₂ et E₂ sur la réactivité des muscles lisses pulmonaires humains : implications pour le traitement de l’hypertension pulmonaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD102.
Full textPulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by a progressive increase of pulmonary vascular resistance, an increase of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (≥25 mm Hg) and an imbalance between the production of endothelial vasoconstrictor and vasodilator mediators leading to right heart failure. Prostaglandin (PG)I2 (prostacyclin) mimetics, such as iloprost and treprostinil, are major therapeutic tools for this pathology. The efficacy of the treatments used in PH is evaluated primarily on the improvement of exercise tolerance and reduction of dyspnea. For this reason it is important to analyze not only the arterial but also the venous vasodilator effects as well as bronchodilator effects. This thesis describes the in vitro effects of PGI2, PGE2 and their mimetics on the reactivity of human pulmonary vascular (ateries and veins) and bronchial preparations derived from patients with or without PH. We also characterized different prostanoid receptors involved in these responses. Our results suggest that PGI2 mimetics, treprostinil and iloprost, used clinically, are potent vasodilators for both pulmonary arteries and veins and also potent bronchodilators. Some PGI2 mimetics (treprostinil and iloprost) have proportional vasodilatory effects on the pulmonary arteries and veins. Other PGI2 mimetics, such as beraprost, cause greater pulmonary arterial vasodilation than venous vasodilation. This may cause pulmonary edema or less beneficial effects on dyspnea correction. We showed decreased expression of IP and DP1 receptors in vascular preparations of patients with PH versus control patients. This decrease is associated with reduced relaxation response of pulmonary veins induced by treprostinil. Similarly, we demonstrated a reduction in EP4 receptor expression in bronchial preparations of patients with group 3 PH. This down regulation was associated with reduced bronchodilation induced by EP4 agonists. The correction of this down-regulation may be a new therapeutic perspective in these patients. Our results enhance our understanding of the beneficial or deleterious, pharmacological and therapeutic effects of PGI2 mimetics already used clinically in the treatment of PH. Through PGE2/EP4 pathway our work opens new physiopathological and potential therapeutic perspectives
Raeside, David Alexander. "Ambulatory pulmonary artery pressure monitoring in pulmonary vascular disease in man." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398763.
Full textGOURDEAU, FLORENCE. "Naissance anormale de l'artere pulmonaire gauche (sling) : a propos de deux cas." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25352.
Full textCLARKE, JEAN-PATRICK. "Maladie de takayashu : existe-t-il des formes strictement arterielles pulmonaires ? reflexions a propos d'une observation." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT120M.
Full textAttali, Tania. "Atresies pulmonaires a septum interventriculaire intact : evolution a moyen et a long terme." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20805.
Full textF, Tanguay Virginie. "Lésions de remodelage à la tomodensitométrie et leur impact clinique en hypertension artérielle pulmonaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66326.
Full textDeweirdt, Juliette. "Effets de la pollution atmosphérique particulaire sur la circulation pulmonaire : rôles du stress oxydant et de la signalisation calcique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0333.
Full textHuman exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) is a health risk concern. Particulate air pollution is composed of different PM: coarse particles (PM10 diameter < 10 μm), fine particles (PM2.5 diameter < 2.5 μm) and ultrafine particles (UFP) (PM0.1 diameter < 100 nm). The excess of mortality observed in several epidemiological studies is mainly associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. After inhalation, the finest particles (PM2.5 and UFP) penetrate deeply into the airways, accumulate in pulmonary alveoli, cross the epithelial barrier to reach the pulmonary circulation and exert deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system. Inhaled particles are therefore observed in the pulmonary circulation, in direct contact with endothelial cells lining the inner surface of blood artery. Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is the main disease of the pulmonary circulation characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary wall, changes in pulmonary vascular hyperactivity and inflammation. Oxidative stress and alteration in calcium signaling are also critical events involved in the physiopathology of PH. However, the effect of PM on these pulmonary vascular cellular targets is poorly described. In this context, the objectives of the present study are to assess the cellular and molecular effects of particle exposures in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC). Our results highlighted various cellular homeostasis alterations of HPAEC in response to PM2.5 and black carbon nanoparticles (FW2 NPs). We observed a significant increase of oxidative stress including cytoplasmic and mitochondrial superoxide anion production in concentration dependent-manner. Moreover, we observed calcium signaling alterations, mitochondrial damages, as well as a deregulation of vasoactive factors secretion such as nitric oxide (NO). Finally, we studied these cellular targets under physiological and pathological conditions mimicking PH. We have first developed a new in vitro model that mimics the vascular dynamics observed in the PH. Then, we investigated the effects of FW2 NPs in both experimental conditions. Our results showed, in pathological conditions, a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory response characterized by interleukin secretion such as IL-6 as compared to cells in physiological condition. In addition, the calcium signaling seemed also be impaired in pathological conditions
Jardim, Carlos Viana Poyares. ""Avaliação da distensibilidade da artéria pulmonar através da ressonância magnética e sua relação com a resposta ao teste agudo com vasodilatador em pacientes com hipertensão arterial pulmonar"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-12092005-103213/.
Full textPulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, eventually leading to hemodynamic failure. We assessed whether pulmonary artery distensibility (evaluated by magnetic resonance) correlated with acute vasodilator test response. A statistically significant difference was found in terms of pulmonary artery distensibility in responders and non-responders. A ROC curve showed that 10% distensibility could discriminate responders from non-responders with 100%sensitivity and 56% specificity
Ray, Robert Russell. "Pulmonary artery catheters : effects on patient outcome." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 1998. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/48.
Full textBachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Nursing
Ng, Lih Chyuan. "Store-operated channels in rat pulmonary artery." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248256.
Full textLIU, CHEN KOW THONG SEW GILBERT. "Les fistules aorto-pulmonaires congenitales : a propos de 20 observations personnelles." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M435.
Full textMURINO, JOURDAN MURIEL. "Transplantation cardio-bipulmonaire : traitement chirurgical extensif (mais raisonnable ?) d'un leiomyosarcome recurrent du tronc de l'artere pulmonaire ; a propos d'un cas." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE6002.
Full textGROUX, BERNARD. "Interets et dangers de l'utilisation des catheters de swan-ganz." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M336.
Full textBridges, Elizabeth Joan. "Effects of the 30-degree lateral recumbent position on pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery wedge pressures in critically ill adults /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7346.
Full textPeres, Emilia Cristina. "Estudo da reatividade vascular em ratos submetidos à isquemia e reperfusão instestinal: mecanismos envolvidos e papel protetor da sinvastatina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-29012013-104107/.
Full textThis work aimed to evaluate the vascular reactivity and the effect of pre-treatment with simvastatin (SIMV, 20mg/kg, p.o.), under this parameter, in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and pulmonary artery (PA) of rats subjected to 45 minutes of ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion (iIR). In these arteries, it was evaluated the endothelium-dependent and -independent function and the contraction induced by phenylephrine the selective a1-adrenergic agonist, in preparations with and without endothelium and at the presence or absence of non-selective NOS and of iNOS inhibitors (L-NAME and 1400W, respectively). It can be concluded that the iIR modified vascular reactivity in PA, but not in SMA. In the pulmonary artery, the iIR caused endothelial dysfunction via activation of iNOS, which led to decreased endothelium-dependent vasodilator response and to contractile hyporeactivity. Moreover, confirming the second hypothesis, a single dose of simvastatin prior to iIR prevents changes in vascular reactivity, which shows the beneficial effects of this drug in this disease.
Jouannic, Jean-Marie. "Impact d'une fistule artéro-veineuse périphérique sur le compartiment vasculaire pulmonaire foetal." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003948330204611&vid=upec.
Full textSystemic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) may be associated with postnatal pulmonary hypertension. The aim of our study was to create a prenatal model of AVF in the fetal lamb and to study the impact of this lesion on the feta] pulmonary circulation. At day 14 following the creation of an anastomosis between the jugular vein and the carotid artery in the fetal lamb, both pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance were elevated in the fistula group. This was associated with structural pulmonary vascular abnormalities: increase in number of peripheral muscular arteries together with an increase in pulmonary arterial thickness. In vitro organe bath studies on pulmonary arterial rings showed impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation whether endothelium independent relaxation to sodium nitroprusside was greater in the fistula group. Additional in vivo Doppler study of the arterial pulmonary blood flow showed the creation of the fistula was associated with temporary pulmonary arterial blood flow that did flot last more than six days. In addition we found enhanced accumulation of surfactant material in this prenatal model ofpulmonary hypertension
Syed, Nawazish-i.-Husain. "Expression of P2X receptors in rat pulmonary artery." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501814.
Full textDe, Silva Mahappuque Anushika Sumali. "Ca²⁺ sensitisation and desensitisation mechanisms in pulmonary artery." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499978.
Full textGalton, S. A. "Production of leukotrienes by the porcine pulmonary artery." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376096.
Full textBennani, Abdellatif. "Place de la chirurgie dans le traitement des fistules coronaro-pulmonaires." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11051.
Full textDAOUDI, SAID. "L'anomalie de naissance de l'artere coronaire droite a partir de l'artere pulmonaire : a propos de 2 cas." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M151.
Full textValeri, Carla Bastos. "Avaliação da vasculatura pulmonar na esclerose sistêmica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-23112011-183138/.
Full textLung injury is the leading cause of death in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), and the main changes are: the vascular and interstitial involvement. In this study we analyzed through the confocal laser microscope 40 lung arteries of small and medium-sized of patients with SSc and 16 arteries of control group. We measured the lumen area, the total vessel area, made the subtracting the total vessel area minus the lumen area and the percentage between the lumen area and total vessel area. It was observed that the lumen area and the percentage between the lumen area and total vessel area were significantly lower in SSc group compared to control group, and the difference between the total vessel and the lumen area was higher in SSc. The findings confirmed the initial hypothesis of pulmonary arterial injury in SSc, wich are thickened due to inflammation, cellular infiltration into its layers and endothelial activation
Fresquet, Fleur. "Rôle du monoxyde d'azote endothélial et des espèces réactives dérivées de l'oxygène dans la régulation de la vasomotricité des artères pulmonaires des souris normoxiques et hypoxiques." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21332.
Full textThe role of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial function of pulmonary arteries is investigated in mice. In addition to NO, ROS participate as mediator of relaxation to acetylcholine in extrapulmonary arteries, bu not intrapulmonary arteries. In pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia, an increase in ROS and an endothelial dysfunction to acetylcholine are observed. In extrapulmonary arteries, the ROS component of acetylcholine-induced relaxation is preserved following chronix hypoxia, whereas the NO-dependent component is abolished. In intrapulmonary arteries, the gp91phox subunit of NADPH oxidase is responsible for endothelial dysfunction to acetylcholine induced by chronic hypoxia. Finally, a β2-adrenergic relaxation is demonstrated in pulmonary arteries, which is completely dependent of endothelial NO, and which is preserved following chronic hypoxia
Henaine, Roland. "La circulation de Fontan dans le traitement des cardiopathies congénitales uni-ventriculaires : Approche clinique, physiopathologique et expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935414.
Full textDASH, SWETALEENA. "THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF TRPV1 IN PULMONARY ARTERY SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS AND PULMONARY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612827.
Full textSung, Hsing-Wen. "In vitro velocity measurements in a pulmonary artery model." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13388.
Full textSanchez, Olivier. "Physiopathologie de l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire : rôle des facteurs vaso-actifs et de l'inflammation." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00663325.
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