Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Artères coronaires – Maladies – Récidives'
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Éboulé, Épouse Aboa Alloua Corine. "Environnement psychosocial au travail et récidive d'évènements coronariens : un étude prospective de six ans." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19187.
Full textBouhali, Tarek. "L'adiponectine, un modulateur du risque de maladie coronarienne athérosclérotique dans l'hypercholestérolémie familiale." Thèse, Université Laval, 2006. http://constellation.uqac.ca/468/1/24822437.pdf.
Full textLachance, Philippe. "Corrélation entre certains polymorphismes génétiques et l'expression de certains facteurs de risque de maladie coronarienne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26472/26472.pdf.
Full textDacosta, Antoine. "La pathologie du tronc coronaire gauche : à propos de 78 observations et revue de la littérature." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET6404.
Full textValet, Nathalie. "Aide au diagnostic cardiovasculaire par superposition en 2 et 3D des images de coronarographie et tomoscintigraphie : segmentation de l'arbre coronaire et représentation 3D." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL042N.
Full textThis work contributes to the conception of a diagnosis aid tool for coronary diseases. Currently, this diagnosis is done with two exams (coronarography, tomoscintigraphy) providing two complementary information: the arteries anatomy and the myocardium perfusion. The aim is creating a new multi-modal image showing clearly the link between both information (stenosis and ischemia) by registrating and superimposing data both in 2D and 3D. The first part deals with the automatic segmentation of arteries on coronarography in order to distingllish vessels of each side. Then, the related perfusion data is superimposed in 2D. The second part proposes an algorithm free from any acquisition systems dimensions as we use registration results. Using homologous points, arteries are 3D-reconstructed and the patient schematic tree is superimposed on his perfusion volume. This way, the link between stenosis and perfusion is clearly shown. Tests have been done on a phantom and nine patients
Blackburn, Patricia. "Marqueurs métaboliques mesurés à jeun et en phase postprandiale et risque cardiométabolique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29652/29652.pdf.
Full textGuauque-Olarte, Sandra. "The transcriptome of human epicardial, mediastinal and subcutaneous adipose tissues in men with coronary artery disease." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22497.
Full textIncreased visceral adipose tissue has been associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the visceral fat depot located on the surface of the heart especially around the epica rdial coronary vessels with extension into the myocardium. The proximity of EAT to the coronary arteries suggests a role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). EAT thickness was significantly correlated with the severity of CAD. However, the biological functions of EAT and its relationship with the development of CVD remain largely elusive. The objectives of this study were to identify genes that were up- or down-regulated among three distinct adipose tissues, namely EAT, mediastinal and subcutaneous using whole-genome gene expression microarrays and to study the possible relationships of these genes with the development of CVD. Overall, the transcriptional profiles of EAT and mediastinal adipose tissue were similar compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue. Despite this similarity, a number of genes involved in cardiovascular diseases were up-regulated in EAT. The expression of the adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1), involved in myocardial ischemia, was significantly up-regulated in EAT. Levels of the prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) gene, recently associated with the progression of atherosclerosis, were significantly different in the three pairwise comparisons (epicardial > mediastinal > subcutaneous). Overexpression of ADORA1 and PTGDS in EAT may confer cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia and CAD. This study is an important first step to understand the biological function of EAT and its potential implications in CVD.
Boudina, Sihem. "Implication du canal potassique dans la protection du myocarde vis-à-vis de l'ischémie." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20924.
Full textKahan, André. "Physiologie et pharmacologie clinique de la vasomotricité dans les maladies du collagène." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05CD01.
Full textLabriolle, Axel de. "Caractérisation échographique de la pathologie carotidienne athéromateuse : étude des corrélations entre la pathologie athéromateuse carotidienne et coronaire." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3118/document.
Full textBackground: Carotid echo Doppler (EDC) is an interesting tool to define the cardio vascular risk (RCV) of patients. However its performances could be increased with creation of new parameters The studies n°1, 2 and 3 studied the correlations between the plaque volume index (IVP) and the currently used echographic parameters. Studies n° 4 and 5 studied the contribution of EDC for evaluating the RCV in patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Materials: Studies n°1,2 and 3 were performed on 93 patients with EDC. Studies n° 4 and 5 were performed on 152 patients with an SCA and EDC systematically achieved. Results: IVP was not correlated with the parameters currently used to quantify carotid atheroma. IVP was more sensible than the stenosis degree to detect the changes in carotid atheroma. EDC performed in all patients with an SCA could not be justified. Performed in elderly and diabetic patients, this tool was very useful to detect severe stenosis with an impact on patients’s management. Asymptomatic Carotid narrowing between was found to have a prognostic value. Conclusion: EDC is an interesting tool to understand the RCV. Its better use (quantitative and qualitative) should allow to reduce the CV morbid mortality
Lemieux, Hervé. "Intérêt du diagnostic d'athérome aortique par échographie transœsophagienne et radiographie thoracique pour le dépistage de sténose coronaire dans les valvulopathies mitrales." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23108.
Full textMelki, Imen. "Towards an automated framework for coronary lesions detection and quantification in cardiac CT angiography." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1022/document.
Full textCoronary heart diseases are the group of disorders that affect the coronary artery vessels. They are the world's leading cause of mortality. Therefore, early detection of these diseases using less invasive techniques provides better therapeutic outcome, as well as reduces costs and risks, compared to an interventionist approach. Recent studies showed that X-ray computed tomography (CT) may be used as an alternative to accurately locate and grade heart lesions in a non invasive way. However, analysis of cardiac CT exam for coronaries lesions inspection remains a tedious and time consuming task, as it is based on the manual analysis of the vessel cross sections. High accuracy is required, and thus only highly experienced clinicians are able to analyze and interpret the data for diagnosis. Computerized tools are critical to reduce processing time and ensure quality of diagnostics. The goal of this thesis is to provide automated coronaries analysis tools to help in non-invasive CT angiography examination. Such tools allow pathologists to efficiently diagnose and evaluate risks associated with CVDs, and to raise the quality of the assessment from a purely qualitative level to a quantitative level. The first objective of our work is to design, analyze and validate a set of automated algorithms for coronary arteries analysis with the final purpose of automated stenoses detection and quantification. We propose different algorithms covering different processing steps towards a fully automated analysis of the coronary arteries. Our contribution covers the three major blocks of the whole processing chain and deals with different image processing fields. First, we present an algorithm dedicated to heart volume extraction. The approach extracts the heart as one single object that can be used as an input masque for automated coronary arteries segmentation. This work eliminates the tedious and time consuming step of manual removing obscuring structures around the heart (lungs, ribs, sternum, liver...) and quickly provides a clear and well defined view of the coronaries. This approach uses a geometric model of the heart that is fitted and adapted to the image data. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of results obtained on a 114 exam database shows the efficiency and the accuracy of this approach. Second, we were interested to the problem of coronary arteries enhancement and segmentation. In this context, we first designed a novel approach for coronaries enhancement that combines robust path openings and component tree filtering. The approach showed promising results on a set of 11 CT exam compared to a Hessian based approach. For a robust stenoses detection and quantification, a precise and accurate lumen segmentation is crucial. Therefore, we have dedicated a part of our work to the improvement of lumen segmentation step based on vessel statistics. Validation on the Rotterdam Coronary Challenge showed that this approach provides state of the art performances. Finally, the major core of this thesis is dedicated to the issue of stenosis detection and quantification. Two different approaches are designed and evaluated using the Rotterdam online evaluation framework. The first approach get uses of the lumen segmentation with some geometric and intensity features to extract the coronary stenosis. The second is using a learning based approach for stenosis detection and stenosis. The second approach outperforms some of the state of the art works with reference to some metrics. This thesis results in a prototype for automated coronary arteries analysis and stenosis detection and quantification that meets the level of required performances for a clinical use. The prototype was qualitatively and quantitatively validated on different sets of cardiac CT exams
Caussé, Brigitte. "Insuffisance mitrale et naissance anormale de la coronaire gauche : remplacement valvulaire mitral : à propos d'une observation." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR2M109.
Full textCheurfa, Nadir. "Implication de 5 gènes candidats exprimés dans les cellules bêta-pancréatiques dans les déterminants génétiques du diabète de type 2 et de ses complications vasculaires." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077196.
Full textResearchs which drove to the preparation of this manuscript are part of the study of the genetic determinants of type 2 diabetes and its vascular complications. We studied 5 candidate genes supposed or known to be regulators of insulin secretion (WFS1, PERK, LPK, UCP2 and Coup-TFII), expressed in the β - pancreatic cell. We observed a very significant association between type 2 diabetes and allelic variants of WFS1 gene in the prospective study DESIR. This association was confirmed in two other independent cohorts (DIABHYCAR and NCH). We also reported an association between the - 866G> variant in the UCP2 promoter with coronary artery disease risk in subjects with T2DM (prospective study DIABHYCAR and cross-sectional study NCH). In both cohorts, the A-allele (associated with increased expression of UCP2) was associated with a reduction of 12-20 % of CAD risk. The allelic variants of PERK and L-PK genes are unlikely to contribute in an important manner in genetic determinants of type 2 diabetes. Our preliminary results suggest that mutations in COUP-TFH gene are also unlikely to contribute to the monogenic form of diabetes (MODY)
Tacheau, Antoine. "Développements d'outils biomécaniques pour la caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques de la plaque d'athérosclérose coronarienne par échographie intravasculaire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS027/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the development of innovative tools and methodologies for coronary artery wall characterization. These tools are required to support the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. A mechanical approach was used to implement inverse resolution methods that provide key data about the mechanical properties of tissues. Resolution of inverse problems in mechanics uses strain fields, which are computed thanks to elastography algorithms. Two main characterization tools were used: one aimed to allow lesions detection by applying a virtual palpation technique and the other aimed to identify a reconstructed distribution of the Young's modulus. Palpography and Modulography tools can facilitate in vivo atherosclerotic plaques characterization. The current dissertation brings contribution in the elastography, palpography and modulography fields.We started by improving the iMOD Modulography tool (previously developed application to compute the Young's modulus map). We adapted iMOD to the new constraints related to high definition IVUS modality (HD-IVUS). This new advanced tool was named E-iMOD (Extended iMOD) and its performances were was evaluated with simulated elastography data.In next step, we developed a new version of the strain elastography algorithm. Indeed, strains estimations are critical to solve of the inverse problem in mechanics. It was shown that the introduced enhancements improved estimation for both vessel simulations and phantom experimental data.In a third stage, an analysis was lead to access the contribution of HD-IVUS technology to current IVUS imaging on simulated and experimental data. Even though hopeful results were showed, further efforts in the elastography algorithm are required in order to fully exploit the HD improvements.The last part of this work deals with the palpography tool that allows the detection of lesions. First, experimental ultrasound acquisitions from animal arteries were processed. These data were involved in a validation prototcol of palpography technique developed in our team. In a second part, a review of several palpography techniques allowed us to highlight their strengths and weaknesses on simulated data. A new palpation index adapted to anisotropic material was also introduced. Finally, an original theoretical method rethinking the results of palpography was proposed. This approach computes a first modulogram to improve the prior preconditioning of optimization processes, such as the optimization process of E-iMOD
Mekontso, Dessap Armand. "Sérotonine et pathologie cardiovasculaire : implication dans les valvulopathies cardiaques, la maladie coronaire et le remodelage vasculaire." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0046.
Full textSerotonin (5-HT) may play a key role in the cardiovascular system, with vasoactive, proliferative and trophic properties. We aimed at studying its implication in cardiac valve disease, coronary artery disease, and vascular remodelling of coronary grafts. 5-HT overproduction and reduced inactivation are possible mechanisms responsible for cardiac valvular disease in patients with carcinoid tumors and those treated with appetite suppressants, respectively. We found that deficiency of the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT, which is responsible for 5-HT uptake) gene leads to cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy in mice. Although 5-HT1B receptors mediated the 5-HT-induced collagen secretion by human cardiac myofibroblasts, the contribution of this receptor type to valvulopathy was ruled out because double-KO mice deficient in both 5-HTT and 5-HT1B receptors showed the same cardiac alterations as 5-HTT-KO mice. 5-HTT may also mediate the effects of the high blood serotonin levels seen in patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD), along with 5-HT2A receptor. We prospectively evaluated associations linking functional polymorphisms of 5-HTT (L/S) and 5-HT2A (C/T) to the risk and severity of premature versus late-onset CAD in a total of 830 individuals. The L allele was an independent risk factor for premature CAD (but not late-onset CAD). 5-HT2A genotypes were not associated with CAD and neither 5-HTT nor 5-HT2A genotypes were associated with clinical restenosis. Late graft occlusions after coronary artery bypass grafting have been ascribed to vascular remodelling with neointimal hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells (SMC), which is mediated by various growth factors including 5-HT. We found that the ex vivo vascular-wall remodelling in organ cultures, as well as SMC proliferation and migration in response to fetal calf serum were significantly higher for saphenous vein rings than for radial artery and internal thoracic artery rings. These differences might shed light on reported dissimilar angiographic patency rates of these coronary grafts