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Academic literature on the topic 'Arthropod'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Arthropod"

1

Labandeira, Conrad C., and Bret S. Beall. "Arthropod Terrestriality." Short Courses in Paleontology 3 (1990): 214–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000001811.

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Since the late Paleozoic, insects and arachnids have diversified in the terrestrial world so spectacularly that they have become unquestionably the most diverse group of organisms to ever inhabit the planet. In fact, this 300 million year interval may appropriately be referred to as the age of arthropods. What is the origin and history of terrestrial arthropods? How is arthropod diversity maintained on land? In this rhetorical context we will discuss (1) the degree to which terrestriality is found in arthropods, (2) the physiological barriers to terrestrialization that arthropod clades confronted, (3) the historical record of arthropod diversity on land based on paleobiological, comparative physiological and zoogeographical evidence, and (4) some tentative answers to the “why” of terrestrial arthropod success. We are providing a geochronologic scope to terrestriality that includes not only the early history of terrestrial arthropods, but also the subsequent expansion of arthropods into major terrestrial habitats.

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Legg, David A., Mark D. Sutton, Gregory D. Edgecombe, and Jean-Bernard Caron. "Cambrian bivalved arthropod reveals origin of arthrodization." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1748 (October 10, 2012): 4699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1958.

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Extant arthropods are diverse and ubiquitous, forming a major constituent of most modern ecosystems. Evidence from early Palaeozoic Konservat Lagerstätten indicates that this has been the case since the Cambrian. Despite this, the details of arthropod origins remain obscure, although most hypotheses regard the first arthropods as benthic predators or scavengers such as the fuxianhuiids or megacheirans (‘great-appendage’ arthropods). Here, we describe a new arthropod from the Tulip Beds locality of the Burgess Shale Formation (Cambrian, series 3, stage 5) that possesses a weakly sclerotized thorax with filamentous appendages, encased in a bivalved carapace, and a strongly sclerotized, elongate abdomen and telson. A cladistic analysis resolved this taxon as the basal-most member of a paraphyletic grade of nekto-benthic forms with bivalved carapaces. This grade occurs at the base of Arthropoda (panarthropods with arthropodized trunk limbs) and suggests that arthrodization (sclerotization and jointing of the exoskeleton) evolved to facilitate swimming . Predatory and fully benthic habits evolved later in the euarthropod stem-lineage and are plesiomorphically retained in pycnogonids (sea spiders) and euchelicerates (horseshoe crabs and arachnids).

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Muli, Risda, Chandra Irsan, and Suheryanto Suheryanto. "KOMUNITAS ARTHROPODA TANAH DI KAWASAN SUMUR MINYAK BUMI DI DESA MANGUNJAYA, KECAMATAN BABAT TOMAN, KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN, PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 13, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.13.1.1-64.

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Pencemaran tanah yang diakibatkan oleh penambangan minyak bumi berpengaruh terhadap lingkungan, vegetasi, dan kelimpahan arthropoda. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian dampak pencemaran minyak bumi di tanah terhadap komunitas Arthropoda. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan struktur komunitas arhtropoda tanah di sekitar lokasi eksplorasi minyak bumi. Kelembapan, pH, suhu tanah, dan kadar TPH tanah diukur dan dianalisis untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap indeks keanekaragaman, dominansi, dan kemerataan arthropoda. Penelitian dilakukan di sumur minyak bumi Desa Mangunjaya Kecamatan Babat Toman pada tanggal 19-24 Februari 2015. Arthropoda dikoleksi menggunakan pit fall traps dan corong barlese-tullgren, pengambilan sampel dilakukan di 96 titik. Identifikasi arthropoda dilakukan di Laboratorium Entomologi Jurusan Hama Penyakit Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian. Analisis kadar TPH tanah menggunakan metode Gravimetri dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sriwijaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata TPH dan pH tanah di lokasi eksplorasi minyak bumi yang dilakukan oleh Pertamina EP Asset 1 Field Ramba lebih rendah daripada eksplorasi oleh masyarakat. Kelembaban dan suhu tanah di lokasi eksplorasi oleh Pertamina EP Asset 1 Field Ramba lebih tinggi daripada di lokasi eksplorasi masyarakat. Kadar TPH, pH, kelembaban, dan suhu tanah tidak berpengaruh terhadap indeks keanekaragaman, dominansi, dan kemerataan arhtropoda. Rata-rata indeks keanekaragaman arthropoda tergolong rendah dengan nilai indeks kurang dari 1. Soil contamination caused by the extraction of petroleum affects the environment, vegetation, and abundance of arthropods. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of oil pollution on the ground against arthropod community. The research has conducted to determine the differences of terrestrial arthropod around petroleum exploration. Moisture, pH, temperature, and soil TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) levels were measured and analyzed to determine its effect on the diversity index, dominance, and evenness of arthropods. The research has been done in the petroleum wells in Mangunjaya village of Babat Toman Toman districts on February 19 to 24, 2015. Arthropods samples were taken using pit fall traps and funnel barlese-tullgren, total sampling points are 96 points. Identification of the arthropod family has been done in Entomology Laboratory of the Agriculture Plant Disease Faculty Sriwijaya University. Analysis of soil TPH levels are using Gravimetry methods carried out in the Chemistry Laboratory of Science Faculty, Sriwijaya University. The results showed an average TPH and pH of soil in petroleum exploration conducted by Pertamina EP 1 Field Asset Ramba lower than in locations that made exploration by the public. Moisture and soil temperature at the location of the exploration by Pertamina EP 1 Field Asset Ramba are higher than in public exploration location. TPH levels, pH, moisture, and soil temperature do not affect the diversity, dominance, and evenness arhtropod index. However, the average index of arthropod diversity is low with an index value of less than 1.

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Bolduc, Elise, Nicolas Casajus, Pierre Legagneux, Laura McKinnon, H. Grant Gilchrist, Maria Leung, R. I. Guy Morrison, et al. "Terrestrial arthropod abundance and phenology in the Canadian Arctic: modelling resource availability for Arctic-nesting insectivorous birds." Canadian Entomologist 145, no. 2 (February 12, 2013): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.4.

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AbstractArctic arthropods are essential prey for many vertebrates, including birds, but arthropod populations and phenology are susceptible to climate change. The objective of this research was to model the relationship between seasonal changes in arthropod abundance and weather variables using data from a collaborative pan-Canadian (Southampton, Herschel, Bylot, and Ellesmere Islands) study on terrestrial arthropods. Arthropods were captured with passive traps that provided a combined measure of abundance and activity (a proxy for arthropod availability to foraging birds). We found that 70% of the deviance in daily arthropod availability was explained by three temperature covariates: mean daily temperature, thaw degree-day, and thaw degree-day2. Models had an adjusted R2 of 0.29–0.95 with an average among sites and arthropod families of 0.67. This indicates a moderate to strong fit to the raw data. The models for arthropod families with synchronous emergence, such as Tipulidae (Diptera), had a better fit (average adjusted R2 of 0.80) than less synchronous taxa, such as Araneae (R2 = 0.60). Arthropod abundance was typically higher in wet than in mesic habitats. Our models will serve as tools for researchers who want to correlate insectivorous bird breeding data to arthropod availability in the Canadian Arctic.

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Maher, Garrett M., Graham A. Johnson, and Justin D. Burdine. "Impervious surface and local abiotic conditions influence arthropod communities within urban greenspaces." PeerJ 10 (January 24, 2022): e12818. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12818.

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The abundance of arthropods is declining globally, and human-modification of natural habitat is a primary driver of these declines. Arthropod declines are concerning because arthropods mediate critical ecosystem functions, and sustained declines may lead to cascading trophic effects. There is growing evidence that properly managed urban environments can provide refugium to arthropods, but few cities have examined arthropods within urban greenspaces to evaluate their management efforts. In this study, we surveyed arthropod communities within a medium-sized, growing city. We investigated arthropod communities (abundance, richness, diversity, community composition) within 16 urban greenspaces across metropolitan Grand Rapids, Michigan (USA). We focused our efforts on urban gardens and pocket prairies, and measured environmental variables at each site. We collected 5,468 individual arthropods that spanned 14 taxonomic orders and 66 morphospecies. The results showed that community composition was influenced by impervious surface, white flower abundance, and humidity. Total arthropod abundance and diversity were positively associated with humidity. For specific orders, Hymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps) abundance was negatively associated with temperature, and positively associated with site perimeter-area ratio. Hemiptera (true bugs) were negatively associated with impervious surface and positively associated with humidity. These findings show that impervious surfaces impact arthropod communities, but many of the observed changes were driven by local abiotic conditions like temperature and humidity. This suggests that management decisions within urban greenspaces are important in determining the structure of arthropod communities. Future studies on arthropods in cities should determine whether manipulating the abiotic conditions of urban greenspaces influences the composition of arthropod communities. These results should inform city planners and homeowners of the need to properly manage urban greenspaces in cities to maintain diverse arthropod assemblages.

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Kwok, Alan B. C., and David J. Eldridge. "The influence of shrub species and fine-scale plant density on arthropods in a semiarid shrubland." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 4 (2016): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15019.

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Plant-resident arthropods are closely tied to the distribution of their hosts across multiple spatial scales. Shrubs provide habitat for a range of arthropods, and variations within shrubland ecosystems may affect arthropod communities. We examined the role of shrub species and density in structuring arthropod communities in an encroached Australian woodland using two common and widespread shrub species, Turpentine (Eremophila sturtii) and Silver Cassia (Senna artemisioides subsp. filifolia). We found five times more arthropods (Psocoptera, Collembola and Hemiptera) on Eremophila compared with Senna. Furthermore, Psyllidae were found only on Eremophila. In total we recorded 39 Hemipteran species; 13 from Eremophila, 16 from Senna and 10 common to both shrub species. Each shrub species supported a unique arthropod assemblage, even though they grow in close proximity (<15 m). In contrast, we found limited effects of fine-scale plant density, with plants growing in low and high density supporting similar arthropod communities. Our study indicated that isolated shrubs in these woodlands support a variety of arthropods, and shrub species is a more important driver of arthropod community structure than fine-scale density.

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7

Pfeffer, Sarah, and Harald Wolf. "Arthropod spatial cognition." Animal Cognition 23, no. 6 (November 2020): 1041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01446-4.

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AbstractThe feats of arthropods, and of the well-studied insects and crustaceans in particular, have fascinated scientists and laymen alike for centuries. Arthropods show a diverse repertoire of cognitive feats, of often unexpected sophistication. Despite their smaller brains and resulting lower neuronal capacity, the cognitive abilities of arthropods are comparable to, or may even exceed, those of vertebrates, depending on the species compared. Miniature brains often provide parsimonious but smart solutions for complex behaviours or ecologically relevant problems. This makes arthropods inspiring subjects for basic research, bionics, and robotics. Investigations of arthropod spatial cognition have originally concentrated on the honeybee, an animal domesticated for several thousand years. Bees are easy to keep and handle, making this species amenable to experimental study. However, there are an estimated 5–10 million arthropod species worldwide, with a broad diversity of lifestyles, ecology, and cognitive abilities. This high diversity provides ample opportunity for comparative analyses. Comparative study, rather than focusing on single model species, is well suited to scrutinise the link between ecological niche, lifestyle, and cognitive competence. It also allows the discovery of general concepts that are transferable between distantly related groups of organisms. With species diversity and a comparative approach in mind, this special issue compiles four review articles and ten original research reports from a spectrum of arthropod species. These contributions range from the well-studied hymenopterans, and ants in particular, to chelicerates and crustaceans. They thus present a broad spectrum of glimpses into current research on arthropod spatial cognition, and together they cogently emphasise the merits of research into arthropod cognitive achievements.

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Ulyani, Ulyani, Alfian Rusdy, and Hasnah Hasnah. "Preferensi Arthropoda terhadap Warna Perangkap pada Pertanaman Kopi Arabika di Desa Atang Jungket Kabupaten Aceh Tengah." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 4, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v4i2.7456.

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Abstrak. Arthropoda merupakan filum yang paling dominan di antara filum hewan lainnya jika ditinjau dari keanekaragaman, penyebaran, dan jumlah spesiesnya. Pada pertanaman kopi arabika terdapat arthropoda yang berperan sebagai herbivor, musuh alami, serangga penyerbuk, serangga netral, dan dekomposer. Secara umum, tindakan pengelolaan yang dilakukan oleh petani pada pertanaman kopi di Desa Atang Jungket Kabupaten Aceh Tengah adalah dengan menggunakan pestisida sintetik tanpa mempedulikan kondisi agroekosistemnya. Supaya agroekosistem kopi tetap stabil dan berkelanjutan, maka perlu dilakukan tindakan pengelolaan yang ramah lingkungan yaitu dengan menggunakan perangkap warna dimana proses penemuan inang serangga didasari oleh faktor visual yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui warna perangkap yang disukai oleh arthropoda pada areal pertanaman kopi arabika. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode purposive sampling (ditetapkan) dengan luas lahan 5.000 yang berjumlah 138 tanaman, kemudian dibagi menjadi empat petak secara berjajar. Setiap petak diambil 20 tanaman sampel dengan menggunakan perangkap warna merah, kuning, hijau, dan putih. Peubah yang diamati meliputi komposisi dan kelimpahan arthropoda berdasarkan warna perangkap, indeks similaritas famili antar warna perangkap, serta kepadatan relatif Famili Scolytidae. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arthropoda yang ditemukan berjumlah 2.062 individu yang terdiri dari 2 kelas, 12 ordo, dan 72 famili. Ordo Hymenoptera merupakan ordo dengan jumlah individu paling banyak. Perangkap warna kuning merupakan paling banyak memerangkap arthropoda yaitu 552 individu dibandingkan perangkap warna merah, hijau, dan putih yang masing-masingnya hanya 547 individu, 527 individu, dan 436 individu. Nilai indeks similaritas famili arthropoda antar warna perangkap tergolong rendah berarti keragaman famili yang menyusun komunitas tersebut tinggi. Kepadatan Famili Scolytidae berjumlah 0,02 individu/m2 dan kepadatan relatif 0,04%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan tanah dan tanamannya secara ekologis masih menguntungkan, tidak mengancam keberlangsungan budi daya tanaman.Preference of Arthropod to Color of Trap on Arabica Coffee Plantation in Atang Jungket Village Aceh Tengah DistrictAbstract. Arthropods are the most dominant phylum among other animal phyla when viewed from the diversity, distribution, and number of species. In arabica coffee plantation there arthropods that act as herbivor, natural enemies, pollinating insects, neutral insects, and decomposers. In general, the management actions carried out by farmers on coffee plantations in Atang Jungket Village, Central Aceh District is to use synthetic pesticides regardless of agro-ecosystem condition. For coffee agro-ecosystem to remain stable and sustainable, it is necessary to do an environmentally friendly management action that is by using color trap where the process of invention of insect host is based on visual factor which aim to know color of trap were liked by arthropod in arabica coffee plantation area. This research uses purposive sampling method with 5,000 land area of 138 plants, then divided into four plots in a row. Each plot was taken 20 sample plants using red, yellow, green, and white traps. The observed variables include the composition and abundance of arthropods based on the trap color, the family similarity index between the trap colors, and the relative density of the Scolytidae Family. The results showed that the arthropods were 2,062 individuals consisting of 2 classes, 12 orders, and 72 families. The Hymenoptera Order is the order of the largest number of individuals. The yellow trap is the most arthropod trap of 552 individuals compared to the red, green, and white traps of 547 individuals, 527 individuals and 436 individuals each. The value of the arthropod family similarity index between the trap colors is low, meaning that the diversity of families that make up the community is high. The Scolytidae Family density was 0.02 individuals/m2 and the relative density was 0.04%. This indicates that the management of land and plants are ecologically still profitable, not threatening the sustainability of cultivation of crops.

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MAMAT, NUR SYAHIRAH, NURUL AINA ADNAN, MUHAMMAD FAIZ ZAKARIA, SURZANNE MOHD AGOS, AMIN SAFWAN ADNAN, DZULHELMI MUHAMMAD NASIR, LAILATUL-NADHIRAH ASRI, et al. "Arthropod Communities on Sonneratia caseolaris along Selangor River, Kampung Kuantan, Kuala Selangor, Malaysia." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4463.2022.

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Sonneratia caseolaris commonly known as mangrove apple or Berembang in the Malay language, is a species of plant in the family Lythraceae. Area of S. caseolaris along Selangor River in Kampung Kuantan has become a natural habitat for a variety of arthropods. This study aimed to identify the species variations in arthropod communities at different selected stations along Selangor River at two different sampling times. Present study was conducted for six consecutive months (August 2010 until January 2011) at 19 selected stations along the Selangor River. Sampling was conducted once per day and night. Sweeping method by using sweep nets were used as the arthropod sampling method. Data analysis was done quantitatively to determine the composition of arthropod community. A total of 7,707 individual arthropods collected belonging to 10 different orders consisting of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera, Odonata, Lepidoptera, Blattodea, Mantodea and Araneae. A total of 4,563 arthropod individuals were sampled at night, which was more than the daytime (3,144 individuals), with Station 17 recorded the highest arthropod individual out of the 19 sampling sites. During the night, the firefly, that belongs to the Lampyridae family showed the highest arthropod composition. The presence of arthropod biodiversity along the Selangor River reveals that the S. caseolaris area is important in maintaining a diverse community of fireflies and other arthropods for conservation purposes.

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Wang, Kehong, Xingzhong Yuan, Guanxiong Zhang, Shuangshuang Liu, Fang Wang, Hong Liu, Mengjie Zhang, and Lilei Zhou. "Diversity and Distribution of Riparian Arthropods in the Drawdown Zone of China’s Three Gorges Reservoir." Environmental Entomology 48, no. 6 (September 30, 2019): 1340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz104.

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Abstract Riparian zones are interesting habitats as they are important transitional zones between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, but highly threatened by human disturbances. They support a high arthropod diversity as they experience periodic flooding disturbance and sharp environmental gradients. Their associated arthropod fauna are of high conservation value. Nevertheless, their arthropod diversity remains largely unknown, and its distribution pattern along elevational gradients is poorly understood. Few data are available on the effects of flood regimes and other factors in determining riparian arthropod communities. In this study, we investigated the diversity and distribution of riparian arthropods along an elevational gradient and determined the major factors structuring the arthropod communities in the drawdown zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Significant compositional and structural changes of riparian arthropod communities were observed along the test elevational gradient. The abundance and richness of riparian arthropods increased with elevation. The relative abundance of predators decreased with elevation, whereas the saprovores and omnivores showed an upward trend along the elevational gradient. Redundancy analysis showed that there were significant interactions between the flood regimes, plant communities, and soil conditions. Among these environmental factors studied, flood duration was the main factor in structuring the riparian arthropod communities. Conservation and restoration strategies should consider flood duration in the operation of large reservoirs because riparian arthropods are particularly sensitive to flood regimes.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arthropod"

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Lewis, Graham Allan. "Development of a protocol for sampling arthropod diversity in areas of native vegetation /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ACH/09achl674.pdf.

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Fagan, William Fredric. "Population dynamics, movement patterns, and community impacts of omnivorous arthropods /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5270.

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Manning, Robert John. "Conidiobolus-arthropod interactions : spore germination on arthropod surfaces and its consequences." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272825.

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Terblanche, Jonathan Steed. "Variability among individuals and populations : implications for arthropod physiology." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21763.

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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Within arthropods, inter-individual and inter-population variation is generally poorly explored for physiological parameters. Such physiological variability is important, as it can provide insight into the capacity for evolutionary adaptation and how animals may cope with anthropogenic climate change. Insect vectors of human and animal diseases, such as tsetse flies (Diptera, Glossinidae) which carry trypanosomes, are of particular interest. Predictions of tsetse fly (Glossina spp.) range expansion, possibly paralleled by increased disease occurrence, have been made under future climate scenarios. Moreover, since there are generally strong relationships between abiotic variables (e.g. temperature and moisture availability), population dynamics, distribution and abundance, determining the physiological mechanisms influencing such relationships has utility for predictive modelling of spatial and temporal changes in tsetse fly distributions. I investigated physiological variation among individuals and populations, focusing mainly on Glossina spp. but using other arthropods to address certain issues. Specifically, I show the following: i) metabolic rate is repeatable (intra-class correlation coefficient) within individuals, and may be influenced by several factors such as age, gender, body mass and pregnancy; ii) while metabolic rate is repeatable within individuals, it remains unaltered with acclimation to laboratory conditions from field collection; iii) within a population, metabolic rate-temperature relationships are surprisingly invariant among physiological states such as age, gender, feeding status, pregnancy and temperature acclimation; iv) the magnitude of the effect of temperature acclimation differs among traits, in that upper thermal tolerances respond less than lower thermal tolerances, while metabolic rate responds to heat but not to cold. Water loss rate is relatively unresponsive to either treatment; v) plasticity can account for most inter-population variation in physiological traits related to climatic stress resistance (e.g. thermotolerances and desiccation rates) in the natural environment; vi) adult physiological performance responds differently to developmental and adult acclimation, such that marked traitspecific variation occurs, and combinations of both developmental and adult plasticity can result in further alteration of adult performance. These results have implications for the evolution of stress resistance to abiotic factors in these and other arthropods. I conclude by discussing the potential physiological patterns linking population dynamics and abiotic factors, with particular reference to tsetse flies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Binne arthropoda, is tussen-individu en tussen-bevolking variasie in die algemeen sleg bestudeer vir fisiologiese parameters. Hierdie fisiologiese variasie is belangrik want dit kan insig gee in die mate van evolusionêre aanpassing en hoe diere antropogenies klimaatsverandering kan hanteer. Dit is veral belangrik in die geval van insekte wat mens- en diersiektes kan dra, soos tsetse vlieë (Diptera, Glossinidae) wat trypanosome oordra. In die geval van tsetse vlieë (Glossina spp.) is voorspellings vir verhoogde verspreiding, en gevolglik verhoogde siekte voorkoms, gemaak onder toekomstige voorkoms klimaat senario’s. Verder, aangesien daar in die algemeen sterk verwantskappe tussen abiotiese parameters (bv. temperatuur en water beskikbaarheid), bevolkingsdynamika, verspreiding en voorkoms is, is die bepaling van die fisiologiese meganisme, wat ‘n invloed het op hierdie verwantskappe, nuttig vir die voorspelling van tsetse oor spasie en tyd. Hier, met hoofsaaklik die gebruik van Glossina spp., maar ook ander arthropoda wanneer dit nodig is, word navorsing wat fisiologiese variasie tussen individue en bevolkings aanspreel voorgelê. Spesifiek, word dit gewys dat i) metaboliese tempo is herhaalbaar (intra-klas korrelasie koeffisient) binne individue, alhowel metaboliese tempo kan beinvloed word deur faktore soos ouderdom, geslag, liggaamsmassa en swangerskap, ii) terwyl metaboliese tempo binne individue herhaalbaar is, verander dit nie met akklimasie na laboratorium toestande vanaf versameling in die veld, iii) binne ‘n bevolking metaboliese tempo-temperatuur verwantskappe is verbasend eenders tussen fisiologiese toestande soos ouderdom, geslag, voeding staat, swangerskap en temperatuur akklimasie, iv) die grootte van die effek van temperatuur akklimasie verskil tussen eienskappe, en die boonste termiese limiete reageer minder as laer termiese limiete, terwyl metaboliese tempo reageer op hitte maar nie koue nie, en waterverlies tempo is relatief terughoudend tot enige temperatuur toestand, v) buigbaarheid kan die meeste van inter-bevolkingsvariasie in fisiologiese eienskappe van klimaatstres weerstandsvermoë (termiese toleransie en uitdrogingstempo) in die natuurlike omgewing verklaar, vi) volwasse fisiologiese prestasie reageer verskillend op ontwikkelende en volwasse akklimasie, soveel dat eienskap-spesifieke variasie kan voorkom, en ‘n kombinasie van beide ontwikkelende en volwasse buigbaarheid ‘n verskillende volwasse prestasie tot gevolg kan hê. Hierdie resultate het implikasies vir die evolusie van weerstandsvermoë tot abiotiese faktore in hierdie en ander arthropoda. Hierdie tesis word afgesluit met ‘n bespreeking van die moontlikke fisiologiese patrone wat bevolkingsdinamika en abiotiese faktore kan verbind, met ‘n fokus op tsetse vlieë.

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Azarbayjani, Fathollah Fathi, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Science and Technology, and School of Science. "Assessment of estimators and factors affecting arboreal arthropod biodiversity on Melaleuca Linariifolia." THESIS_FST_SS_Azarbayjani_F.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/246.

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This study was carried out in a woodland on the campus of University of Western Sydney at Richmond, Australia to investigate seasonal effects and recovery speed of arboreal arthropods after disturbance. Twenty one pairs of Melaleuca linariifolia Sm. trees were sampled using insecticide spraying in a log2 nine period sequence (1-32) of weeks supplemented by additional samples to incorporate seasonal (weeks 24 and 48) and annual (week 52) samples. Using species accumulation curves, it was found that four collectors provided a reasonable representation of a tree's fauna and that a single tree does not provide a representative sample of the arthropod fauna found on trees of this species in the study area. The application of richness and evenness indices in different seasons showed significant changes in diversity. It was clear from the findings of the study that careful attention needs to be paid to experimental design. Under replication is the normal situation in previous studies and the effects of location, season and disturbance are all critical factors affecting the estimation of diversity.
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6

Longhorn, Stuart John. "Phylogenomic approaches to arthropod systematics." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429293.

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Pace, Ryan M. "Evolution Of Arthropod Morphological Diversity." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/578719.

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A fundamental problem in developmental and evolutionary biology is understanding the developmental genetic basis of morphological diversity. The current paradigm holds that a genetic and developmental program, or developmental genetic "toolkit", conserved across hundreds of millions of years patterns development in all metazoans. However, outside of a few well-characterized signal transduction pathways and developmental processes, overly broad strokes have been used to paint this "toolkit" metaphor as a hypothesis. Arthropoda, one of the largest groups of metazoans, represent the most morphologically diverse groups of metazoans, making them of particular interest for studies of morphological diversity and its evolution. Arthropoda is also home to one of the most well-understood model systems for developmental and genetic studies, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. However, Drosophila is highly derived among arthropods with respect to the molecular genetic mechanisms that function during its development. As it is expected that all arthropods have access to the same development "toolkit", some changes are expected based on the observable differences in morphology, making arthropods extremely powerful tools for comparative genomic and molecular genetic studies. In this dissertation I characterize how modifications to the developmental "toolkit" contribute to the evolution of morphological diversity using emerging model arthropod systems. First, as part of a collaboration, I show that several genes expected to be conserved in all arthropods, belonging to the Hox family of transcription factors, have been lost from the genome of a phylogenetically basal arthropod, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Second, I perform a genomic survey and find an overall reduction in the conservation of Drosophila orthologs from several major signal transduction pathways in the Tetranychus genome in comparison with findings from previous insect surveys. Third, I show that arthropod Hox genes, expected to be found in a tightly linked genomic cluster in most arthropod genomes, are not as tightly clustered as previously thought. Fourth, I show that changes in the genomic arrangement of Tetranychus Hox genes correspond with shifts in their expression and morphological change. Finally, I show the terminal Hox gene Abdominal-B is required for proper axial elongation and segment formation (both segment identity and number) during embryogenesis and metamorphosis in the red-flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Taken together, these findings advance our knowledge of the evolution of morphological change, with a primary focus on Hox genes and their contribution to axial patterning during development.

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Horner, Kimberley Jane. "The diversity of arthropods in the surface soil layers of an old-growth redwood forest." Scholarly Commons, 1993. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2249.

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The abundance and diversity of arthropods present in the surface soil layers at various forest sites in northern California were investigated, primarily at two old-growth redwood forest sites in Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park and Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park. A wide variety of arthropods were found, including representatives of Araneae, Pseudoscorpiones, Opiliones, Acarina, Isopoda, Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla, Pauropoda, Protura, Diplura, Collembola, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. Arthropod densities were significantly higher in the wet than in the dry period, indicating seasonal variation in surface densities of soil arthropods. The densities of arthropods in soils collected from beneath coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) trees were not significantly different.

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Ozanne, Claire Margaret Philippa. "The arthropod fauna of coniferous plantations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303621.

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Palmer, William Jack Philip. "Immune system evolution in arthropod genomes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709120.

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Books on the topic "Arthropod"

1

Fortey, R. A., and R. H. Thomas, eds. Arthropod Relationships. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4904-4.

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A, Fortey Richard, and Thomas R. H. 1954-, eds. Arthropod Relationships. London: Chapman & Hall, 1998.

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Fernández-Rubio, Fidel. Artrópodos y salud humana. Pamplona: Gobierno de Navarra, Departamento de Salud, 1999.

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Smagghe, Guy, and Isabel Diaz, eds. Arthropod-Plant Interactions. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3873-7.

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Marcondes, Carlos Brisola, ed. Arthropod Borne Diseases. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13884-8.

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Santos, Jean Carlos, and Geraldo Wilson Fernandes, eds. Measuring Arthropod Biodiversity. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53226-0.

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N, Kondrashova Z., and Institut ėkologii rasteniĭ i zhivotnykh (Akademii͡a︡ nauk SSSR). T͡S︡entralʹnai͡a︡ biblioteka., eds. Organizm chlenistonogikh kak sreda obitanii͡a︡ vozbuditeleĭ: Annotirovannyĭ spisok literatury. Sverdlovsk: UNT͡S︡ AN SSSR, 1985.

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8

Alekseev, A. N. Organizm chlenistonogikh kak sreda obitanii͡a︡ vozbuditeleĭ. Sverdlovsk: UNT͡S︡ AN SSSR, 1985.

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Boudreaux, H. Bruce. Arthropod phylogeny with special reference to insects. Malabar, Fla: R.E. Krieger Pub. Co., 1987.

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Minelli, Alessandro, Geoffrey Boxshall, and Giuseppe Fusco, eds. Arthropod Biology and Evolution. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45798-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Arthropod"

1

Dalingwater, John E., and Harry Mutvei. "Arthropod Exoskeletons." In Skeletal Biomineralization: Patterns, Processes and Evolutionary Trends, 83–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5740-5_7.

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Dhaliwal, B. B. Singh, and Prayag Dutt Juyal. "Arthropod Zoonoses." In Parasitic Zoonoses, 123–29. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1551-6_6.

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Gillott, Cedric. "Arthropod Evolution." In Entomology, 3–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-4380-8_1.

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Albrigo, L. G., L. L. Stelinski, and L. W. Timmer. "Arthropod pests." In Citrus, 183–213. Wallingford: CABI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781845938154.0183.

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Ben-Yakir, David, Un Taek Lim, and Gábor Horváth. "Arthropod vision." In Optical manipulation of arthropod pests and beneficials, 19–48. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394705.0019.

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Reich, Danya, Corinna Eleni Psomadakis, and Bobby Buka. "Arthropod Bites." In Top 50 Dermatology Case Studies for Primary Care, 85–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18627-6_14.

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Leonard, Leah F., and Kristine O. Evans. "Arthropod Diet." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_810-1.

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Johnson, Kali, and Kristine O. Evans. "Arthropod Navigation." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_827-1.

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Freas, Cody A. "Arthropod Cognition." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_830-1.

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Dalingwater, John E., and Harry Mutvei. "Arthropod Exoskeletons." In Skeletal Biomineralization: Patterns, Processes and Evolutionary Trends, 83–96. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/sc005p0083.

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Conference papers on the topic "Arthropod"

1

Moyer, V., E. Fichter, and B. Fichter. "Analyzing dynamics of arthropod walking." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1988.94949.

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2

Wani, Duhita, and Tomas Maul. "Image Super-Resolution for Arthropod Identification." In CSSE 2021: 2021 4th International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3494885.3494943.

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3

Martin, Tony, Melissa Lowery, Michael Hall, Thomas H. Rich, Steven Morton, Lesley Kool, Peter Swinkels, and Patricia Vickers-Rich. "CRETACEOUS POLAR ARTHROPODS ON WALKABOUTS: NEWLY DISCOVERED ARTHROPOD TRACE FOSSILS FROM THE WONTHAGGI FORMATION (BARREMIAN), VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-364259.

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4

Ocon, Samantha B., James C. Lamsdell, and Jennifer E. Bauer. "ASSESSING PALEOZOIC ARTHROPOD SURVIVORSHIP THROUGH DATA AGGREGATORS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-334668.

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"Arthropod Communities Inhabiting Organic Rice Agro-ecosystem." In International Conference on Agricultural, Ecological and Medical Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c714014.

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Meierotto, Sarah L. "Assessment of forest arthropod diversity through metabarcoding." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.109561.

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Demir, Alican, Edward W. Samson, and Noah J. Cowan. "A tunable physical model of arthropod antennae." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robot.2010.5509323.

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Naranjo, Steven. "Economic value of arthropod biological control in IPM." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93313.

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Flannagan, Ronald D. "The Center for Arthropod Management Technologies: Industry perspective." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94466.

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Leppla, Norman C. "History of alien invasive arthropod detections in Florida." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94536.

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Reports on the topic "Arthropod"

1

Randen, Neil A. Controlled-Release Personal Use Arthropod Repellent Formulation. Phase 2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb112150.

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Randen, Neil A. Controlled-Release Personal Use Arthropod Repellent Formulation. Phase 3. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb116939.

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3

Meyers, Wayne M., Adolfo Firpo, and Douglas J. Wear. Topics on the Pathology of Protozoan and Invasive Arthropod Diseases. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada545141.

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4

Dave, Kirti I. Detection of Arthropod-Borne Pathogens By Rapid Panel Assays in Mosquitoes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb229467.

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Harris, Marvin K., and Fadel Mansour. Natural Arthropod Defence Mechanisms of Deciduous Trees, Adaptable for use in Agriculture. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1986.7587741.bard.

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Miller, S. E., J. Burgett, and M. Bruegmann. Surveys of arthropod and gastropod diversity in the geothermal resource subzones, Puna, Hawaii. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/167171.

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Matthews, J. V., and J. G. Fyles. Late Tertiary plant and arthropod fossils from the high-terrace sediments on Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/211969.

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Copeland, M. J. Anomalocaris [of unknown affinity] and Tuzoia [a possible arthropod] from the lower cambrian Eager formation near Cranbrook, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/183977.

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Ruth, Jerry L. Development and Commercialization of Analyte Specific Reagents (ASRs )for the Diagnosis of Selected Arthropod-Borne Viruses on FDA-Cleared Real-time PCR Platforms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada577674.

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Csoka, Gyuri, William J. Mattson, Graham N. Stone, and Peter W. Price. The biology of gall-inducing arthropods. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-199.

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