Academic literature on the topic 'Arthropoda – Ecology'
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Journal articles on the topic "Arthropoda – Ecology"
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Edgecombe, Gregory D. "Morphological data, extant Myriapoda, and the myriapod stem-group." Contributions to Zoology 73, no. 3 (2004): 207–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07303002.
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The status of Myriapoda (whether mono-, para- or polyphyletic) and position of myriapods in the Arthropoda are controversial, an impediment to evaluating fossils that may be members of the myriapod stem-group. Parsimony analysis of 319 characters for extant arthropods provides a basis for defending myriapod monophyly and identifying those morphological characters that are necessary to assign a fossil taxon to the Myriapoda. The alliance of hexapods and crustaceans need not relegate myriapods to the arthropod stem-group; the Mandibulata hypothesis accommodates Myriapoda and Tetraconata as sister taxa. No known pre-Silurian fossils have characters that convincingly place them in the Myriapoda or the myriapod stem-group. Because the strongest apomorphies of Myriapoda are details of the mandible and tentorial endoskeleton, exceptional fossil preservation seems necessary to recognise a stem-group myriapod.
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Destoumieux-Garzón, Delphine, Rafael Diego Rosa, Paulina Schmitt, Cairé Barreto, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Guillaume Mitta, Yannick Gueguen, and Evelyne Bachère. "Antimicrobial peptides in marine invertebrate health and disease." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1695 (May 26, 2016): 20150300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0300.
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Aquaculture contributes more than one-third of the animal protein from marine sources worldwide. A significant proportion of aquaculture products are derived from marine protostomes that are commonly referred to as ‘marine invertebrates’. Among them, penaeid shrimp (Ecdysozosoa, Arthropoda) and bivalve molluscs (Lophotrochozoa, Mollusca) are economically important. Mass rearing of arthropods and molluscs causes problems with pathogens in aquatic ecosystems that are exploited by humans. Remarkably, species of corals (Cnidaria) living in non-exploited ecosystems also suffer from devastating infectious diseases that display intriguing similarities with those affecting farmed animals. Infectious diseases affecting wild and farmed animals that are present in marine environments are predicted to increase in the future. This paper summarizes the role of the main pathogens and their interaction with host immunity, with a specific focus on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and pathogen resistance against AMPs. We provide a detailed review of penaeid shrimp AMPs and their role at the interface between the host and its resident/pathogenic microbiota. We also briefly describe the relevance of marine invertebrate AMPs in an applied context. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolutionary ecology of arthropod antimicrobial peptides’.
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Klok, C. Jaco, Richard D. Mercer, and Steven L. Chown. "Discontinuous gas-exchange in centipedes and its convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 7 (April 1, 2002): 1019–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.7.1019.
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SUMMARY We have examined the gas-exchange characteristics of five southern African centipede species from three orders. Two scolopendromorph species exhibit discontinuous gas-exchange cycles (DGCs) identical to those recorded for several insect and chelicerate species. Another scolopendromorph and a lithobiomorph species exhibit weak periodic patterns, and a scutigermorph species shows continuous gas exchange. A crucial component for DGCs in tracheated arthropods is the presence of occludible spiracles. However, on the basis of studies of temperate centipedes, most recent invertebrate biology texts hold the view that centipedes, as a group, cannot close their spiracles. Using flow-through normoxic and normoxic—anoxic—normoxic respirometry and electron microscopy, we conclusively demonstrate that at least one of the scolopendromorph species, Cormocephalus morsitansL., can close its spiracles fully, thus accounting for its DGCs. Homologies in spiracular structure and DGCs suggest that several other tracheated arthropod taxa probably have this ability too and that DGCs have evolved convergently at least four times in the Arthropoda. Spiracular closure and discontinuous gas-exchange cycles are probably more widespread in arthropods than has previously been suspected.
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ZHANG, ZHI-QIANG. "Animal biodiversity: An introduction to higher-level classification and taxonomic richness." Zootaxa 3148, no. 1 (December 23, 2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.3.
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For the kingdom Animalia, 1,552,319 species have been described in 40 phyla in a new evolutionary classification. Among these, the phylum Arthropoda alone represents 1,242,040 species, or about 80% of the total. The most successful group, the Insecta (1,020,007 species), accounts for about 66% of all animals. The most successful insect order, Coleoptera (387,100 species), represents about 38% of all species in 39 insect orders. Another major group in Arthropoda is the class Arachnida (112,201 species), which is dominated by the mites and ticks (Acari 54,617 species) and spiders (43,579 species). Other highly diverse arthropod groups include Crustacea (66,914 species), Trilobitomorpha (19,606 species) and Myriapoda (11,885 species). The phylum Mollusca (117,358 species) is more diverse than other successful invertebrate phyla Platyhelminthes (29,285 species), Nematoda (24,783 species), Echinodermata (20,509 species), Annelida (17,210 species) and Bryozoa (10,941 species). The phylum Craniata, including the vertebrates, represents 64,832 species (for Recent taxa, except for amphibians): among these 7,694 described species of amphibians, 31,958 species of “fish” and 5,750 species of mammals.
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BLAKE, JAMES A. "Revalidation of the genus Thoracophelia Ehlers, 1897, replacing Euzonus Grube, 1866 (Polychaeta: Opheliidae), junior homonym of Euzonus Menge, 1854 (Arthropoda: Diplopoda), together with a literature summary and updated listing of Thoracophelia species." Zootaxa 2807, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2807.1.5.
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Brewer et al. (2011) recently demonstrated that the generic name Euzonus was being used in both Arthropoda (Diplopoda) and Polychaeta (Opheliidae) systematics and that the arthropod name was the senior synonym. The diplopod name Euzonus Menge, 1854, based on a single species, E. collulum Menge, 1854 from Baltic amber predates Euzonus Grube, 1866, established for E. arcticus Grube, 1866 from the Arctic Ocean. The Nomenclator Zoologicus (2005) verifies that both names are listed as uncorrected homonyms.
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Dierking, Katja, Wentao Yang, and Hinrich Schulenburg. "Antimicrobial effectors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans : an outgroup to the Arthropoda." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1695 (May 26, 2016): 20150299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0299.
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Nematodes and arthropods likely form the taxon Ecdysozoa. Information on antimicrobial effectors from the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans may thus shed light on the evolutionary origin of these defences in arthropods. This nematode species possesses an extensive armory of putative antimicrobial effector proteins, such as lysozymes, caenopores (or saposin-like proteins), defensin-like peptides, caenacins and neuropeptide-like proteins, in addition to the production of reactive oxygen species and autophagy. As C. elegans is a bacterivore that lives in microbe-rich environments, some of its effector peptides and proteins likely function in both digestion of bacterial food and pathogen elimination. In this review, we provide an overview of C. elegans immune effector proteins and mechanisms. We summarize the experimental evidence of their antimicrobial function and involvement in the response to pathogen infection. We further evaluate the microbe-induced expression of effector genes using WormExp, a recently established database for C. elegans gene expression analysis. We emphasize the need for further analysis at the protein level to demonstrate an antimicrobial activity of these molecules both in vitro and in vivo . This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolutionary ecology of arthropod antimicrobial peptides'.
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Blick, Theo. "Korrekte Erscheinungsdaten von Arthropoda Selecta." Arachnologische Mitteilungen 19 (July 1, 2000): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5431/aramit1911.
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Eckert, Rolf, and Jürgen Becker. "Myriapoden aus mitteldeutschen Höhlen (Arthropoda, Myriapoda)." Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologisches Museum und Institut für Spezielle Zoologie 〈Berlin〉 72, no. 2 (October 28, 1996): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830720203.
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Sperfeld, Erik, Jens Petter Nilssen, Shelby Rinehart, Klaus Schwenk, and Dag Olav Hessen. "Ecology of predator-induced morphological defense traits in Daphnia longispina (Cladocera, Arthropoda)." Oecologia 192, no. 3 (January 16, 2020): 687–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04588-6.
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AGUILA, RAYNER NÚÑEZ, and ALEJANDRO BARRO CAÑAMERO. "A list of Cuban Lepidoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta)." Zootaxa 3384, no. 1 (July 10, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3384.1.1.
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A total of 1557 species belonging to 56 families of the order Lepidoptera is listed from Cuba, along with the source ofeach record. Additional literature references treating Cuban Lepidoptera are also provided. The list is based primarily onliterature records, although some collections were examined: the Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática collection, Havana,Cuba; the Museo Felipe Poey collection, University of Havana; the Fernando de Zayas private collection, Havana; andthe United States National Museum collection, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC. One family, Schreckensteinidae,and 113 species constitute new records to the Cuban fauna. The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Paucivenahoffmanni (Koehler 1939) (Psychidae), new comb., and Gonodontodes chionosticta Hampson 1913 (Erebidae), syn. nov.,is a synonym of Gonodontodes dispar Hampson 1913. Burca cubensis (Skinner 1913) (Hesperiidae), and Eulepidotis reflexa (Herrich-Schäffer 1869) (Erebidae) are revised and revalidated.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arthropoda – Ecology"
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Pravia-Fernández, Ainoa. "The response of arthropod assemblages to peatland restoration in formerly afforested blanket bog." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=240202.
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The restoration of drained afforested blanket bogs is a cost-effective management approach in peatland conservation that aims to restore key ecosystem functions such as biodiversity and carbon storage and sequestration. Although arthropods are one of the most abundant and widespread animal groups in peatlands, little research has been carried out to assess their response to the variety of restoration management techniques that have been applied in afforested blanket bogs. We assessed the effectiveness of restoration by investigating the restoration trajectory of arthropod assemblages in formerly afforested blanket bog. We first looked at the long-term trajectory of arthropod assemblages, as well as carabid and moth taxa, in a chronosequence of tree-felled/drain-blocked treatments. Then, we looked at the short-term response of arthropod and carabid assemblages in treatments under varying regimes of brash management. General arthropod assemblages, and the functional traits of carabids and moths, were used to further investigate what type of biotic and abiotic parameters might be of importance during restoration. Lastly, we looked at potential biondicators of restoration progress to be used in restoration monitoring. The long-term restoration trajectory showed that typical bog assemblages are yet to be achieved due to persistence of generalists, as well as absence of bog specialists. Divergence in assembly trajectory was found at 18 years since onset of restoration, suggesting the emergence of an alternative state. Short-term restoration shows that brash might act as temporary habitat at early stages, where carabids favour lower structurally complex habitats than arthropods. Broad patterns of moth distribution revealed trait syndromes associated with blanket bog, whilst abiotic components such as vegetation structure, temperature, plot perimeter and blanket bog connectivity were found to be key for arthropod assemblages. The latter suggests potential legacy and edge effects associated with the restoration process. Arthropods and carabids showed high habitat specificity and fidelity, providing high bioindicator potential for restoration progress. This thesis shows that typical bog arthropod assemblages largely rely on habitat microstructure, particularly Sphagnum mosses, and associated microclimates for survival. Management can provide temporary refuge for arthropods, but the re-establishment of peat-forming vegetation and water table depth is essential for the return of typical bog assemblages. Though trade-offs might be encountered in the long-term restoration of peatland functions, a restoration framework is provided for the monitoring of arthropod assemblages.
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Roets, Francois. "Diversity and ecology of ophiostomatoid fungi and arthropods associated with proteaceae infructescences." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52807.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Five new species of ophiostomatoid fungi, colon ising the infructescences of serotinous Protea species, have recently been discovered in South Africa. Prior to this, ophostomatoid fungi were thought to be restricted to the Northern Hemisphere. The discovery of these five species thus extensively expanded the known geographical range of these fungi, now also to include the Southern Hemisphere. Since this discovery, few studies have focused on the interesting ecology of this group, which is uniquely adapted for spore dispersal by arthropods. Studies focussed on ophiostomatoid fungi provide an unique opportunity to study inter-organism interactions between fungi, their host plants and the arthropods responsible for their spore dispersal. Very few similar studies have been undertaken, particularly in the Fynbos Biome, to which most of our economically important Protea species are confined. The current study provides insight into some ecological aspects of these complex interactions. The seasonal distribution of the ophiostomatoid fungi associated with the infructescences of members of the Proteaceae was investigated. Definite seasonal patterns were observed, with peak fungal colonisation occurring during the wetter winter months. While determining the host specificity of these fungi, a new Protea host for Ophiostoma splendens was identified, and a new species of Rhyncomeliola was discovered. All ophiostomatoid species native to Fynbos in the Stellenbosch region are exclusively associated with the infructescences of species in the plant genus Protea. By employing a multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), a set of group specific primers was developed for the identification of South African Ophiostoma and Gondwanamyces fungal DNA. This newly developed method was used to scan arthropods collected from the infructescences of P. repens for the presence of 0. splendens and G. proteae spores. By using these group-specific primers, three insects possibly responsible for long range dispersal of fungal spores were identified. Three further insect species, possibly contributing to the short-range dispersal of ophiostomatoid spores, were also implicated through this method. All arthropods associated with the fruiting structures of selected members of the Proteaceae were also investigated. A total of 62 pseudospecies (ca. 7500 individuals), belonging to 45 different arthropod families, were collected. Proteaceae species with larger fruiting structures housed more arthropod species and higher numbers of individuals than Proteaceae taxa with smaller fruiting structures. Some plant species housed similar arthropod communities, while others housed unique suites of arthropods. Seasonal patterns in arthropod numbers were observed, and it was found that, in most instances, arthropod numbers peaked during the autumn and winter months. Twenty-five fungal taxa were isolated from various Proteaceae arthropods, many of which are genera known to include Proteaceae pathogenic species. Ophiostomatoid fungi have a saprophytic relationship with their Protea hosts, and may deter some of these potentially harmful fungi from colon ising the infrutescences. Some fungi showed a high degree of specificity towards potential vectors, while others were found on a diverse range of arthropods. This study highlights the existence of complex inter-organismal interactions within the Fynbos Biome, a study area where the interactions between plants, fungi and insects have been grossly neglected. The few studies that have been conducted in this field have mostly focussed on a limited number of organisms, and no wide-scale attempts, such as presented here, have been published. It is important to obtain a holistic view in any ecological study that focuses on interactions between different suites of organisms. Ultimately this will aid in the development of better conservation strategies. This study thus provides a muchneeded start in studies on multi-organismal interactions in the Fynbos Biome.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vyf nuwe ophiostoma-agtige fungus spesies is onlangs in die vrug-liggame van Suid Afrikaanse Protea plante ontdek. Voor hierdie ontdekking, was die algemene opvatting dat ophiostoma-agtige fungi beperk is tot die Noordelike Halfrond. Die ontdekking van hierdie vyf spesies het dus die bekende geografiese verspreiding van hierdie tipe fungi vergroot om nou ook die Suidelike Halfrond in te sluit. Sederdien het min studies gefokus op die interesante ekologie van hierdie groep, wat aangepas is vir spoorverspreiding deur geleedpotiges. Studies wat fokus op die ophiostoma-agtige fungi voorsien 'n unieke geleentheid om die inter-organismiese-interaksies tussen fungi, hul gasheer plante en die geleedpotiges wat hul spore versprei, te bestudeer. Baie min soortgelyke studies is al voorheen in die Fynbos Bioom, waar die meeste van ons ekonomies-belangrike Protea spesies voorkom, onderneem. Die huidige studie verleen meer inligting oor sommige ekologiese aspekte van hierdie komplekse interaksies. Seisoenale verspreidingspatrone van ophiostoma-agtige fungi geassosieer met die vrug-liggame van lede van die Proteaceae, is ondersoek. Daar is defnitiewe seisoenale patrone in die aanwesigheid van fungi gevind, met 'n piek in fungi kolonisasie-getalle gedurende die vogtiger wintermaande. 'n Nuwe Protea gasheer vir Ophiostoma splendens en 'n nuwe fungus spesie (Rhyncomeliola sp.), is ontdek. Alle Fynbos ophiostoma-agtige spesies in die Stellenbosch area, is beperk tot Protea spesies. 'n Multipleks Polimerase Ketting Reaksie is ontwikkel om die spesifieke DNS van ophiostoma-agtige fungi te herken. Hierdie metode is gebruik om te toets vir die aanwesigheid van spore van hierdie fungi op die liggame van geleedpotiges (geassosieerd met P. repens). Hierdeur is drie insekte wat waarskynlik verantwoordelik is vir die langafstand verspreiding van spore geidentifiseer. Drie verdere insekte wat moontlik verantwoordelik is vir die kortafstand verspreiding van ophiostoma-agtige fungi is ook aangewys. Alle geleedpotiges geassosieer met die vrugstrukture van geselekteerde lede van die Proteaceae is ondersoek. 'n Totaal van 62 pseudo-spesies (omtrent 7500 individue), wat tot 45 families behoort, is versamel. Proteaceae spesies met groter vrugstrukture het meer geleedpotige spesies en individue gehuisves as taksa met kleiner vrugstrukture. Sommige plant spesies het soortgelyke geleedpotige gemeenskappe gehuisves, terwyl unieke groepe geleedpotiges in ander plante voorgekom het. Alhoewel die geleedpotiges seisonale variasies in getalle geopenbaar het, het die meeste groepe 'n piek in getalle getoon gedurende die herfs- en wintermaande. Vyf-en-twintig fungi taksa is geïsoleer vanaf verskeie Proteaceae geleedpotiges. Sommige van hierdie is genera wat Proteaceae patogeniese spesies insluit. Sommige fungi het 'n hoë graad van spesifisiteit teenoor potensiële vektore getoon, terwyl ander weer algemeen op verskeie geleedpotige spesies gevind is. Hierdie studie dui op die bestaan van komplekse inter-organismiese-interaksies in die Fynbos Bioom, in 'n area waar die studie van interaksies tussen plante, fungi en insekte nog baie min aandag geniet het. Die beperkte aantal studies wat tot dusver in hierdie veld onderneem is, fokus gewoonlik slegs op 'n paar organismes. Geen grootskaalse studies, soos die een hier voorgelê, is al gepubliseer nie. In enige ekologiese studie wat fokus op interaksies tussen verskeie organismes, is dit belangrik om 'n holistiese siening te probeer verkry. Uiteindelik sal dit bydra tot die ontwikkeling van beter bewarings-strategië. Hierdie studie verleen dus 'n noodsaaklike begin tot studies op multiorganismiese- interaksies.
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Chan, Lai-chun, and 陳麗珍. "The ecology of marine plankton in Tai Tam Bay, Hong Kong, with specialreference to barnacle (arthropoda : cirripedia) larvae." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31234112.
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Chan, Lai-chun. "The ecology of marine plankton in Tai Tam Bay, Hong Kong, with special reference to barnacle (arthropoda : cirripedia) larvae /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14709089.
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Brown, Grant R. "Garden life : the influence of garden age and area on the biodiversity of ground active arthropods." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6815.
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Urbanisation is a global issue, and rapidly gaining attention from researchers as a major cause of biodiversity loss. Gardens represent a considerable proportion of the urban landscape in the UK and have significant potential to promote urban biodiversity and reduce species loss providing they can be designed and managed appropriately. This research focused on gardens in St Andrews, Scotland, and investigated the influence of environmental variables such as age and area on arachnid and beetle biodiversity with the aim of identifying key predictors of arthropod species richness in urban environments. The key result of this research was that the age and area of individual gardens was not a strong predictor of ground active arthropod biodiversity. This suggests that more recently developed or smaller gardens can contribute to the overall urban region species richness pool as well as larger or more ancient gardens. The most important predictor of ground active arachnid and beetle species richness was the proportion of porous (or 'green') habitat surrounding each garden, and suggested that urban density and habitat connectivity at the regional scale are of key importance. In general, variables measured within gardens (e.g. the provision of microhabitats such as leaf litter, non-managed vegetation, etc.) did not exert any measurable effect on the biodiversity of arachnids or beetles. The findings of this research suggest that the regional availability of heterogeneous greenspace habitat is of high importance for promoting and maintaining urban arthropod biodiversity.
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Ferreira, Aila Soares. "Varia??o temporal e descri??o de novas esp?cies de collembola (arthropoda, hexapoda) em uma ?rea de caatinga do nordeste do Brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17353.
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Collembola is one of the most abundant and diverse group of terrestrial arthropods, being at the base of the food chain operating in the decomposition process. They have a wide distribution in the world and can be found in practically all habitats. The knowledge of this distinctive fauna is still deficient in brazilian territory, especially in semi-arid region. The aim of this study was to investigate which climatic variables may act as predictors of species richness, abundance of individuals and compositional structure of the taxocenose of Collembola over 12 months in an area dominated by semi-arid Caatinga vegetation, northeastern Brazil and describe new species of the genus Seira found, more diverse taxon of Collembola in Brazil. Samples were collected in Jo?o C?mara, Rio Grande do Norte. Ten plots of 20 x 20 meters were established and the specimens were collected with collection effort of one hour/people using entomological aspirator. The identification and description of the species was carried out by studying the morphology and chaetotaxy. Was performed a multiple regression analysis between species richness and abundance of individuals with climatic variables. A total of 1231 individuals belonging to 15 species, 12 genera and nine families. The greatest richness and abundance of Collembola were found during the rainy season. The genus Seira was the most abundant. Rainfall explained the temporal variation in species richness and abundance of Collembola in the semi-arid region, which is consistent with the biology of these animals. The populations of Collembola showed grouped distribution. Three new species of Seira were described and illustrated and all show similarities with species already registered in the national territory
Collembola constitui um dos grupos mais abundantes e diversos de artr?podes terrestres, estando na base da cadeia alimentar e atuando no processo de decomposi??o. Possuem ampla distribui??o no mundo e podem ser encontrados em praticamente todos os habitats. O conhecimento desta distinta fauna ainda ? deficiente em territ?rio brasileiro, especialmente no semi?rido. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar quais as vari?veis clim?ticas podem atuar como preditoras da riqueza de esp?cies, abund?ncia de indiv?duos e da estrutura composicional da taxocenose de Collembola ao longo de 12 meses em uma ?rea semi?rido dominada por vegeta??o de Caatinga, Nordeste brasileiro; e descrever novas esp?cies encontradas do g?nero Seira, t?xon mais diverso de Collembola no Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas em Jo?o C?mara, Rio Grande do Norte. Dez parcelas de 20 x 20 metros foram estabelecidas e os esp?cimes foram coletados com esfor?o de coleta de uma hora por pessoa utilizando um aspirador entomol?gico. A identifica??o e descri??o das esp?cies foram realizadas atrav?s do estudo da morfologia e quetotaxia dos exemplares. Foi realizada uma an?lise de regress?o m?ltipla entre a riqueza de esp?cies e a abund?ncia de indiv?duos com as vari?veis clim?ticas. Foi coletado um total de 1231 indiv?duos, distribu?dos em 15 esp?cies, 12 g?neros e nove fam?lias. As maiores riqueza e abund?ncia de Collembola foram encontradas durante a esta??o chuvosa. O g?nero Seira foi o mais abundante. A precipita??o explicou varia??o temporal da riqueza de esp?cies e abund?ncia de Collembola no semi?rido, o que condiz com a biologia desses animais. As popula??es de Collembola apresentaram distribui??o agrupada. Tr?s esp?cies novas de Seira foram descritas e ilustradas e todas apresentam semelhan?as com esp?cies j? registradas em territ?rio nacional
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Patrick, L. Brian. "Fertilization and plant litter effects on the plant and epigeal arthropod communities." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1259588844.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed April 14, 2010). Advisor: Mark W. Kershner. Keywords: biodiversity; nitrogen; fertilization; plant litter; trophic dynamics; epigeal community. Includes bibliographical references.
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François, Sarah. "Diversité et écologie des virus associés aux arthropodes : des communautés aux génomes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT106/document.
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Les nouvelles technologies de séquençage des génomes ont permis de révéler l’extraordinaire diversité des séquences virales dans des groupes d’hôtes jusque-là largement inexplorés. Ainsi, notre connaissance des virus d’arthropodes, infectant les animaux les plus diversifiés et abondants sur Terre, était jusque-là essentiellement réduite à des espèces d’intérêt économique et médical. Les nouvelles données de diversité virale chez les arthropodes illustrent le besoin d’étendre l’inventaire viral à l’échelle de l’écosystème et d’inclure les virus comme une composante essentielle de leur fonctionnement et de leur évolution.Dans ces travaux de thèse, j’ai développé et appliqué deux approches d’étude de la diversité virale chez des arthropodes, ainsi que de la circulation des virus dans des écosystèmes, en me focalisant sur des espèces d’intérêt agronomique : i) une approche virus-centrée par fouille de bases de données nucléotidiques, en recherchant la présence d’un groupe de petits virus à ADN inféodés aux arthropodes, les densovirus ii) une approche arthropode-centrée, utilisant une méthode séquençage haut débit de génomes viraux (métagénomique virale) pour analyser des communautés virales associées à des arthropodes de différents niveaux trophiques échantillonnés dans des agroécosystèmes.Mes résultats ont permis de :(i) Mettre en évidence que les densovirus sont largement présents dans l’ensemble du règne animal - notamment chez une grande diversité d’arthropodes - et qu’ils sont très diversifiés génétiquement, ce qui a permis de mieux appréhender histoire évolutive de ce groupe de virus ;(ii) Découvrir de nouveaux virus chez certains ravageurs de cultures : le tétranyque tisserand (Tetranychus urticae, Acarien) provenant de populations de laboratoires, ainsi que le puceron vert du pois (Acyrthosiphon pisum, Hémiptère), le phytonome de la luzerne (Hypera postica, Coléoptère) et l’armigère de la tomate (Helicoverpa armigera, Lépidoptère) provenant de populations naturelles échantillonnées dans des cultures de luzerne et des prairies. Ces études ont permis de mettre en évidence la présence de viromes spécifiques de chaque espèce d’arthropode et de caractériser la distribution de certains virus dans des communautés d’arthropodes d’un même écosystème. Plus de 60 nouvelles espèces de virus d’arthropodes et de plantes ont été découvertes. Leurs liens évolutifs avec des espèces de virus connues ont été caractérisés par des analyses phylogénétiques.(iii) Enfin, les travaux menés en (ii) ont également permis d’optimiser la méthodologie permettant d’obtenir et d’analyser des viromes obtenus à partir d’échantillons multiplexés, optimisant notamment l’étape d’attribution taxonomique des séquences obtenues par séquençage à haut débit, réduisant ainsi leur proportion en « matière noire » inhérente aux analyses des viromesHigh throughput sequencing technologies have revealed the extraordinary diversity of viral sequences in hitherto largely unexplored host groups. Thus, our knowledge about arthropod viruses, infecting the most diverse and abundant animals on Earth, was hitherto essentially reduced to species of economical and medical interest. New data on viral diversity in arthropods illustrate the need to expand viral inventory at the scale of the ecosystem and to include viruses as an essential component of their functioning and their evolution.In my thesis, I developed and applied two approaches to study the diversity of viruses in arthropods and how virus circulate in ecosystems, focusing on species of agronomic interest: (i) a virus-centered approach by exploring nucleotidic sequence databases, searching for the presence of a group of small DNA viruses infecting arthropods, the densoviruses (ii) an arthropod-centered approach at the scale of the ecosystem, using a viral metagenomic method to analyze viral communities associated with arthropods from different trophic levels from the same agroecosystems.My results showed that:(i) Densoviruses are spread throughout the animal kingdom - particularly in a wide diversity of arthropods - and are highly diverse genetically, which led to a better understanding of the evolutionary history of this group of viruses;(ii) A number of new viruses can be described in pests: the spider mite (Tetranychus urticae, Acari) from laboratory populations, as well as the green pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum, Hemiptera), the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica, Coleoptera) and the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera, Lepidoptera) from natural populations sampled from alfalfa crops and grasslands. These studies also highlighted that specific viromes are associated with each pest species, and I characterized the distribution of some of these viruses in arthropod communities. In total, more than 60 new species of arthropod and plant viruses were discovered. Their evolutionary links with known virus species was characterized by phylogenetic analyzes.(iii) The work realized in (ii) also contributed to optimize a methodology to prepare and analyze viromes from multiplexed samples, that is particularly suitable to optimize the taxonomic allocation of sequences and thus reduce the "dark matter" that is inherent to viral metagenomics analyses
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Boonzaaier, Carmen. "Conservation in human-influenced areas : epigaeic arthropods in the Cape Floristic Region Lowlands." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21551.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The conservation of biodiversity is becoming increasingly challenging as habitats are disturbed, fragmented or destroyed. Although nature reserves now cover more than 10 % of the earths’ surface it has become clear that more will have to be done to ensure the long-term survival of species. Therefore, focus is increasingly shifting towards conserving biodiversity in natural and semi-natural remnants in human-influenced areas. This study aimed to determine the contribution of remnants in human-influenced areas to the conservation of biodiversity in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) lowlands, using ground-dwelling arthropods, specifically ants, as the focal taxon. Initially, base-line information of arthropods and in particular ants was obtained. Sampling arthropods generally involves a large sample effort. Therefore maximizing sampling effort for ants in the CFR was investigated by trapping ground-dwelling ants at a single locality. Doubling the number of grids of pitfall traps was found to be more effective in trapping a greater number of species than doubling the duration of sampling. Therefore increasing spatial sampling intensity rather than sampling duration maximizes sample effort for CFR ants. Also, the seasonal changes of ground-dwelling arthropods, including ants, were determined by sampling four times during the year at a single locality. Overall arthropod abundance was found to peak in summer while dropping to a minimum in winter. This pattern was mirrored by that of the ants, indicating that ant results have a broader relevance than to ants only. The ground-dwelling fauna was dominated by ants emphasizing their importance in the CFR lowlands, and demonstrating that ants are an appropriate flagship taxon for epigaeic arthropod diversity in the CFR. Finally the contribution of remnants in human-influenced areas to the conservation of the CFR was investigated. A nested hierarchical approach was used, where five localities were selected across the CFR, each containing one reserve site and one site with natural remnants. Ants were sampled, along with environmental variables, namely weather, vegetation and soil. Overall, remnants were found to support similar ant assemblages to those of reserves. However for individual localities some remnants were significantly different to their reserve counterparts. Differences in ant assemblages were found to be greater between localities than between reserves and remnants. The relatively high heterogeneity of ants found in this study emphasizes the conservation significance of invertebrates along with that of plants in the CFR. Remnants clearly show the potential to conserve ant assemblages, however correct management is needed for these areas to maximize their potential. Disturbances such as the presence of the invasive Argentine ant and increasing soil nutrients by fertilization, pose a distinct threat to the ability of remnants to conserve ant assemblages. This study has shown that remnants currently support ant assemblages representative of those present in the CFR today. Therefore, some remnant patches of habitat in agricultural areas currently do contribute highly to the conservation of a functional important taxon in this global biodiversity hotspot, and if managed correctly, may continue to do so in the future.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die vernietiging en fragmentering van habitatte maak die bewaring van biodiversiteit al hoe meer van ‘n uitdaging. Alhoewel natuur reservate reeds meer as 10 % van die aarde se oppervlak beslaan is dit duidelik dat meer gedoen sal moet word vir die lang-termyn voortbestaan van spesies. Dus word die fokus van biodiversiteit-bewaring toenemend gerig op bewaring van natuurlike en semi-natuurlike fragmente in menslik-beinvloede gebiede. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal wat die bydrae van fragmente van natuurlike veld in menslik-beinvloede gebiede is tot die bewaring van die streek. Dit is gedoen deur van grond-lewende geleedpotiges en spesifiek, miere in die Kaapse floraryk (CFR) gebruik te maak. Aanvanklik is kennis ingewin oor die geleedpotiges en spesifiek miere in die omgewing. Omdat die versameling van geleedpotige diere gewoonlik baie moeite vereis is ‘n maksimum steekproef gedoen by ‘n enkele lokaliteit. Daar is gevind dat ‘n verdubbling van die aantal ruitsteekproefnemings met vanggate meer effektief is om miere te vang as ‘n verdubbling in die tydperiode wat vanggate oop is. Dus, is ‘n hoër ruimtelike steekproef intensiteit meer effektief in vergelyking met ‘n langer tydsduur vir miere in die CFR. Die seisoenale veranderinge van grond-lewende geleedpotiges, sowel as miere, was ook bepaal. Dit was gedoen deur vier seisoenale steekproewe te doen by ‘n enkele lokaliteit. Die totale geleedpotige-talrykheid was die meeste gedurende die somer en die minste in die winter. Die miertalrykheid het ook hierdie patroon weerspieël. Dit dui daarop dat veranderinge in mier versamelings van breër belang is vir alle grondlewende geleedpotiges. Miere was die dominante grond-lewende geleedpotiges en beklemtoon die belangrikheid van miere in die CFR, sowel as hulle toepaslikheid as vlagskip taksa vir grond-lewende geleedpotige diversiteit in die CFR. Laastens was die bydrae van gefragmenteerde natuurlike veld in menslik–beinvloede gebiede tot die bewaring van die CFR ondersoek. ’n Krimpende/ genestelde hiërargies benadering is gebruik in vyf geselekteerde lokaliteite, elk het bestaan uit ‘n area in ‘n natuur reservaat en ‘n area in ‘n naasliggende fragment. Miere was versamel saam met ‘n verskeidenheid omgewings veranderlike, naamlik weer, plantegroei en grond. In die algemeen is gevind dat fragmente en reservate gelyksoortige mier versamelings het. Daar was wel gevind dat party fragmente aansienlik verskillend was van die reservaat teenstuk. Verskille in mier versamelings tussen lokaliteite was groter as verskille tussen reservate en fragmente. Die relatief hoë heterogeniteit van miere beklemtoon die bewaringsbelang van invertebrate saam met dié van plante in die CFR. Dit is duidelik dat fragmente wel ‘n potensiale bydrae kan maak om die mier versamelinge te bewaar, maar gepaste bestuur is nodig om hierdie potentiaal te maksimaliseer. Versteurings soos die teenwoordigheid van die indringer Argentynse mier en toenemende grondvoedingstofkonsentrasie as gevolg van bemesting is ‘n groot bedreiging tot die vermoë van fragmente om mier versamelings te bewaar. Hierdie studie wys dat mier versamelings in gefragmenterde areas verteenwordigend is van die algemene mier versamlings wat op die oomblik in die CFR is. Dus lewer party fragmente in landbou gebiede op die oomblik ‘n wesenlike bydrae tot die bewaring van ‘n funksioneel belangrike takson in hierdie globale biodiversiteitsbrandpunt en die bydra sal volhoubaar wees met korekte bestuur.
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Netchy, Kristin. "Epibenthic Mobile Invertebrates along the Florida Reef Tract: Diversity and Community Structure." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5085.
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Benthic mobile invertebrates are important components of coral-reef diversity and community structure, though, in most cases, their ecological contributions are poorly known. Baseline information on their diversity, prevalence, assemblages, and ecological roles is needed to aid in the conservation of coral-reef habitats. The objectives of this study are to 1) describe diversity and assemblages of epibenthic, mobile invertebrates in shallow water coral-reef communities in Florida, 2) evaluate their ecological roles by reviewing published literature on diet, and 3) measure the degree of linear dependence between mobile invertebrates and scleractinian corals. Underwater surveys were conducted in the summer of 2013 at 40 sites distributed along the Florida Reef Tract from Broward County to the Dry Tortugas. The presence/absence of all mobile, epibenthic invertebrate fauna observed were recorded and identified to the lowest level possible. The survey data include 618 records of 116 unique taxa, 83 species, 61 genera, 46 families, 19 orders, seven classes, and four phyla of mobile invertebrates, comprising herbivores, detritivores, carnivores, omnivores, and suspension feeders. These taxa represent 22% of the comparable taxa in a historical dataset that spans 60 years, plus an additional 18 taxa. The survey data also show that the percent composition of major phyla is similar to the historical dataset, despite taxonomic bias evident in the historical dataset. During the survey, novel unique taxa were encountered frequently, but were seldom recurrent, which highlights their cryptic nature. While regional patterns were not identified in the study, assemblages of dominant taxa were characteristic of reef type: echinoderms were the most diverse on patch reefs and southeast Florida reef complexes, mollusks were most diverse on shallow bank reefs, and arthropods were diverse on deep bank reefs, Southeast Florida reef complexes, and shallow bank reefs. Herbivorous mobile invertebrate diversity was negatively correlated with scleractinian coral diversity, underlining competition between corals and macroalgae, and association of herbivores with macroalgae. All of these results suggest that reef types are distinct, but interrelated communities of fauna having specific habitat requirements and important roles. This study also reinforces the challenges in assessing the diverse and often cryptic mobile invertebrate fauna and emphasizes the need for further research and monitoring to detect changes in their communities for the conservation of Florida reef systems.
Books on the topic "Arthropoda – Ecology"
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Schwennesen, Caren. Bedeutung sekundärer Trockenbiotope für den Naturschutz. Kiel: Karl Wachhotz, 1993.
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Mitra, S. K. Effects of continuous cultivations and other agronomic practices on soil microarthropods: A unifying concept of agriculture and ecology for tropical agroecosystem. Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India, 1993.
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Frank, Slansky, and Rodriguez J. G, eds. Nutritional ecology of insects, mites, spiders, and related invertebrates. New York: Wiley, 1987.
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Levin, Luis. Vida silvestre en un bosque urbano Caracas. Caracas: Fundación Empresas Polar, 2009.
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Vida silvestre en un bosque urbano Caracas. Caracas: Fundación Empresas Polar, 2009.
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Levin, Luis. Vida silvestre en un bosque urbano Caracas. Caracas: Fundación Empresas Polar, 2009.
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Ėkologii͡a︡ khishchnykh chlenistonogikh mezotrofnogo bolota. Petrozavodsk: Karelʹskiĭ filial AN SSSR, In-t lesa, 1987.
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Acosta, Alberto. Técnicas de campo en ambientes tropicales: Manual para el monitoreo en ecosistemas acuáticos y artrópodos terrestres. Bogotá: Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 2009.
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Reddy, M. V. Consumer & decomposer arthropods in pine plantations of Meghalaya, N.E. India: A biodiversity and ecological analysis. Calcutta: The Survey, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Arthropoda – Ecology"
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Sabelis, Maurice W., Arne Janssen, Jan Bruin, Frank M. Bakker, Bas Drukker, Petru Scutareanu, and Paul C. J. van Rijn. "Interactions between arthropod predators and plants: A conspiracy against herbivorous arthropods?" In Ecology and Evolution of the Acari, 207–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1343-6_15.
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Chakravarthy, A. K., Vasudev Kammar, and P. R. Shashank. "Arthropods: Evolution and Ecology." In Economic and Ecological Significance of Arthropods in Diversified Ecosystems, 1–16. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1524-3_1.
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Janetschek, Heinz. "Arthropod Ecology of South Victoria Land1." In Entomology of Antarctica, 205–93. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ar010p0205.
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Tilbrook, P. J. "Arthropod Ecology in the Maritime Antarctic." In Entomology of Antarctica, 331–56. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ar010p0331.
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Schulz, Stefan. "Selectivity in Chemical Communication Systems of Arthropods." In Ecology of Sensing, 237–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22644-5_12.
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van Loon, Joop J. A., and Marcel Dicke. "Sensory Ecology of Arthropods Utilizing Plant Infochemicals." In Ecology of Sensing, 253–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22644-5_13.
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Ginzel, Matthew D., and Gary J. Blomquist. "Insect Hydrocarbons: Biochemistry and Chemical Ecology." In Extracellular Composite Matrices in Arthropods, 221–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40740-1_7.
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Yanoviak, Stephen P. "Effects of lianas on canopy arthropod community structure." In Ecology of Lianas, 343–61. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118392409.ch24.
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Romoser, William S. "Introduction to Arthropods: Systematics, Behavior and Ecology." In Medical Entomology, 53–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1009-2_3.
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Romoser, William S. "Introduction to Arthropods: Systematics, Behavior and Ecology." In Medical Entomology, 53–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6472-6_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Arthropoda – Ecology"
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Haelewaters, Danny. "Laboulbeniales fungal ectoparasites on cave arthropods: Remarkable models for ecology and evolution." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115378.
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