Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Arthropodes – Teneur en protéines'
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Baringou, Stéphane. "Diversité et fonctionnalité de « nouveaux types » de Heat Shock Protein-70 kDa chez les arthropodes." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1009/document.
Full textThe 70 kDa Heat Shock Proteins (HSP70) are considered the most conserved members of the HSP family. These molecular chaperones are primordial to living beings, because of their implications in many cellular pathways and the management of multiple environmental stress factors (e. g., temperature, pollutants, salinity, radiations). Widely used in ecology as a biomarker of environmental stress, the HSP70 family is also a privileged therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. In the cytosol, a wide variety of HSP70 is observed in few model species (Drosophila, human, yeast). Nevertheless, the diversity of cytosolic HSP70 remains unclear amongst the Arthropoda phylum, especially within decapods. The diversity studies of cytosolic HSP70 were based on 735 sequences from 198 arthropod species, including 142 sequences from decapods obtained during this work. Molecular phylogeny analyses revealed at least three distinct groups of HSP70 within arthropods, comprising several unrecognised subdivisions. This study proposes a new classification and an evolutionary model of cytosolic HSP70 amongst the Arthropoda phylum. The expression profiles observed in each group lead to reconsider the HSP70 classification according to their constitutive (HSC70) or inducible (HSP70) features. The observed structural specificities of genes and proteins, relative to each form of HSP70, will probably have to be linked to distinct interactions with cochaperones or other co-factors
Pichon, S. "Système de sécrétion de type IV et protéines à domaines ankyrines dans les interactions Wolbachia-arthropodes." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551985.
Full textPichon, Samuel. "Système de sécrétion de type IV et protéines à domaines ankyrines dans les interactions Wolbachia-arthropodes." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Pichon-Samuel/2009-Pichon-Samuel-These.pdf.
Full textWolbachia are intracellular Gram(-) bacteria that are reproductive manipulators of many arthropods. In the isopod Armadillidium vulgare, the Wolbachia wVulC strain induces male feminization. Here, we characterized two vir operons which are expressed in all host tissues and which encode a type IV secretion system (T4SS) used to translocate bacterial effectors into host cytoplasm. Gene organization and sequence comparison in 37 Wolbachia strains highlighted the high conservation of both vir operons and their importance for the biology of the bacteria. We also identified in the on-going assembly of the wVulC genome, 66 ankyrin domain-encoding genes. Ankyrin motifs are known to mediate protein-protein interactions in eukaryotic organisms and thus are suggested to mediate in Wolbachia the interaction with host molecules. We showed that one of the three copies of the wVulC pk2 gene is only expressed in feminizing strains but not in the three strains inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility in terrestrial isopods. The associated Pk2 protein could be involved in male feminization. We thus tested the interaction between three T4SS proteins and five ankyrins (including Pk2) via the yeast twohybrid and CRAfT (Cre-recombinase Reporter Assay for Translocation) methods. None of the five ankyrin proteins were revealed to be secreted by the wVulC strain. Nevertheless, this promising approach may enable us to identify Wolbachia effectors
Dimitrova, Tatiana. "Emulsions stabilisées par les protéines : forces colloi͏̈dales, rhéologie et crémage." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12223.
Full textSuc, Sylvie. "Amélioration génétique de la teneur en protéines du soja (Glycine max L. Merr. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT027A.
Full textPiva, Guillaume. "Maîtrise de la qualité biochimique de la graine pour deux légumineuses : soja, haricot : impact des conditions de culture et des choix de génotypiques." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT005A.
Full textLacaze, Xavier. "Interprétation des interactions génotype x environnement et étude des Déterminants génétiques de l'adaptation : exemple de la teneur en protéines du grain de blé dur (Triticum turgidum)." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0019.
Full textHernandez-Sanchez, Fabiola. "Contribution à l'étude du séchage de la spiruline et de son impact sur la qualité biochimique du produit sec." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10313.
Full textSpirulina is a high nutritive foodstuff which contains 55% to 65% of proteins. The quality of the dry product depends on drying methods. Thus, in this work, the convective drying method was investigated as concern process parameters influence and the influence of several drying methods on the biochemical quality of dried product. An air-lift photobioreactor of 40 L volume was built in order to obtain an important production of fresh biomass for the drying experiments. It was possible characterize its productivity and the spirulina cultures growth rate. The shrinkage behaviour of the biomass with convective drying was characterized for the initial samples shaped as cylinders and thin layers. The drying rate was corrected by taking of account the shrinkage. This revealed the existence of a constant drying rate periods for cylinders of various initial diameters. The Characteristic Drying Curve (CDC) and the values of the water mean diffusion coefficient were estimated for the cylinders. The proteins and total sugars contents on dried samples were analyzed after different drying methods by convective, infra-red, atomization, and freeze-drying. The best drying method for the recovery of proteins and total sugars contents was freeze-drying
Nebbak, Amira. "Développement expérimental et application sur terrain d'outils innovants pour l'identification des arthropodes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0605.
Full textHematophagous arthropods such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas are of significant importance in public health because of their ability to transmit major diseases to humans and animals. Vector control and epidemiological vector surveillance are essential in the strategy of combating vector-borne diseases. The latter is successful only by a correct and precise identification of the vectors. Thus in this work, we have developed and improved the protocols of samples preparation for the identification of adult mosquitoes and their aquatic stages, ticks, and fleas by MALDI-TOF MS. This tool has been already distinguished as being reliable for the arthropods identification. The second part of our work consisted in the application of these protocols on mosquito larvae collected in the field during an entomological investigation carried out in the city of Marseille. In this study, the relevance and reliability of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of mosquito larvae collected in the field were verified. Finally, we carried out the inventory of the viral communities of three mosquito species collected in Marseille by metagenomics, which revealed the presence of numerous new viruses. All the results presented in this thesis emphasize that the use of innovative tools such as MALDI-TOF MS and metagenomics to study vectors and the agents they carry is a promising strategy that will contribute to the knowledge of zoonotic transmission cycles and the potential risks of the emergence of vector-borne diseases in human populations
Kossinova, Olga. "Insights into the selenocysteine incorporation mechanism in mammals." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6221.
Full textThe amino acid selenocysteine is encoded by a UGA triplet which acts generally as a stop codon. A specialized machinery is used to incorporate this amino acid into selenoproteins, involving a specific stem-loop, termed SelenoCysteine Insertion Sequence (SECIS), and some protein factors. One of those is the SECIS Binding Protein 2 (SBP2), which is necessary for ribosome recognition of the UGA as the Sec codon. Using synthetic selenocysteine mRNAs and translational inhibitors, several steps of mRNA translation were analyzed. The data obtained allowed us to propose the following mechanism for selenocysteine insertion : during the transpeptidation step of elongation, SBP2 is bound to the ribosome; however, after transpeptidation, SBP2 leaves the ribosome and binds the SECIS in the pre-translocation step. We showed earlier that SBP2 binds specifically to the purified human 60S but not to the 40S ribosome subunits but the actual location was unknown. The SBP2•40S, SBP2•60S and SBP2•80S complexes were thus studied using crosslinking reagents. SBP2 did not crosslink to the 40S subunit in either the 40S•SBP2 or 80S•SBP2 complexes, correlating with the binding data. However, SBP2 crosslinks to the 60S subunit in either the free state or in the 80S ribosome. I next showed that the 28S rRNA contributes more to the crosslink than ribosomal proteins. This led us to use hydroxyl radical footprinting to study the molecular environment of SBP2 on the ribosome. According to the probing data, the binding of SBP2 to the human 60S subunit protects 2 helices in expansion segment 7 of the 28S rRNA. I proposed that the SBP2 binding site is located in the vicinity of the L7/L12 stalk
Khaldi, Marwa. "Étude du lien entre la physico-chimie de dérivés laitiers et leur aptitude à l’encrassement lors du traitement thermomécanique en échangeur de chaleur." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10032/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. work is a contribution for understanding the fouling in plate heat exchangers (PHE) during the heat treatment of whey protein solutions. This work aims at establishing the relationship between the composition of the different whey protein solutions (β-lactoglobulin content (β-lg) and calcium), their denaturation behaviour and their ability to foul the hot surfaces of the PHE.This study showed the strong impact of the calcium content and the calcium/protein molar ratio on the β-lg thermal denaturation mechanisms, the distributions of the deposit fouling, deposit formation dynamics and the structure of the first deposit layers.The determination of the β-lg denaturation kinetic constants and the knowledge of the thermal profile allowed to simulate the concentration profiles of the different β-lg species (native, unfolded and aggregated) along the PHE and to study the correlation between the dry deposit mass of and the amount of denatured β-lg in the PHE. This simulation highlighted the negligible role of the aggregates in the fouling mechanisms and both the influence of the unfolded species and the calcium content on the distribution of protein deposition. Finally, a new correlation between the distribution of dry deposit masses in each channel of the PHE and the denaturation kinetic parameters was determined for each studied protein solution, showing thus that chemical reaction engineering approaches are requested for predicting proteinaceous fouling
Moras, Benjamin. "Fractionnement de protéines végétales pour le développement d'ingrédients alimentaires infantiles hypoallergéniques et à teneur réduite en phytoestrogènes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0070.
Full textThe objectives of these works were to develop industrial processes for the production of four infant food ingredients with hypoallergenic properties and reduced levels of phytoestrogens. For this purpose, the nutritional properties of the rice and soy protein are promising. However, due to the presence of phytoestrogens (isoflavones) the consumption of soy protein isolates is a big concern for infant food security because the high exposure to these compounds, known to be endocrine disruptors. Consequently, it was first intended to develop a soy protein isolate with reduced content of isoflavones below 50 μg/g following the recommendations of French and European health authorities. Rice protein isolates are either non-existent on the market, or extremely rare. Therefore, the development of rice protein isolate with a minimum content of 90 % protein was another objective. For the sensitive population, such as infants, the aim of this work was also to develop soy and rice protein hydrolysates conferring hypoallergenic properties. To achieve this goal, the reduction of the size of proteins and the control of their molecular weight was studied. Two methods were used to achieve high extractions yields. A study of ethanol extraction ranging from small-scale optimization to industrial scale was used for a final product with a residual content in isoflavones below 50 μg/g. The second method was to retain isoflavones on adsorption resin from a soy protein hydrolysate. This was possible without preliminary extraction step by solvent. This method was also tested in the industrial scale. The chromatographic behavior of different isoflavones was also studied. The extraction of isoflavones with subcritical water and supercritical CO2 is also presented in this thesis even though these methods were not retained. These pressurized extractions showed the influence of the polarity of isoflavones and the protein content of soy products onto the isoflavone extraction. These works also identified a novel process for the production of rice protein isolate by the hydrolysis of polysaccharides with cellulolytic enzymes and amylases from concentrated protein byproducts from the glucose syrup industry. Studies on less processed materials such as rice bran and flour were also studied for protein isolation. The study of the hydrolysis by proteases of soy and rice proteins were monitored by various indicators such as pH, protein solubility, the degree of hydrolysis, the molecular weight profile by electrophoresis, and size exclusion chromatography. These processes are enabled for the production of four new ingredients that will be tested for their hypoallergenic characteristics before a large scale production
Boutouili, Ghania. "Variations de la composition protéique et minérale du lait de vache : incidences sur les intéractions minéraux-protéines et la valeur technologique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPLA003.
Full textSchweizer, Martin. "Fractionnement et identification de petits peptides issus de l'hydrolyse enzymatique des protéines de colza." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL016N.
Full textCampanacci, Valérie. "Etudes fonctionnelles et structurales de protéines d'insectes impliquées dans le transport de phéromones ou de chémo-effecteurs." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11023.
Full textColin-Schoellen, Odile. "Taux protéique et qualité fromagère des laits : maîtrise des facteurs de production." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1990_COLIN_O.pdf.
Full textLe, Floc'h Nathalie. "Régulation nutritionnelle de l'oxydation de la thréonine chez le porc." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30028.
Full textGavazzi-April, Camile. "Effet du mode opératoire sur l'efficience d'un procédé d'ultrafiltration pour la fabrication d'un concentré à haute teneur en protéines." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29956.
Full textHigh-milk protein concentrates (over 80% total protein on a dry weight basis) are typically produced by ultrafiltration (UF) with constant-volume diafiltration (DF). Polymeric spiral-wound UF membranes with a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 10 kDa are mostly used at commercial scale in order to maximize protein retention. Flux decline and membrane fouling during UF have been studied extensively and the selection of an optimal UF-DF sequence is expected to have a considerable impact on both the process efficiency and the generated volumes of by-products. The objective of this work was to characterize performances of UF-DF process in terms of permeate flux decline, fouling resistance, energy and water consumption and retentate composition as a function of MWCO (10 and 50 kDa) and UF-DF sequence (3.5X – 2 diavolumes (DV) and 5X – 0.8DV). UF-DF experiments were performed on pasteurized skim milk by means of a pilot-scale filtration system operated at 50°C and under a constant transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 465 kPa. Results showed that MWCO had no impact (p>0.05) on permeate flux for a same UF-DF sequence. However, permeate flux values were significantly higher during DF for the 3.5X – 2DV sequence whatever MWCO (p<0.05). Experimental values were used as part of a simulation for the production of high milk protein concentrates in a model dairy plant processing 1500 m3 of skim milk in 20 hours. This work revealed that despite the severe total flux decline occurring during high solid concentration of milk (89% for the 5X – 0.8DV sequence vs. 58% for the 3.5X – 2DV sequence), reducing the DF step could still be of great interest in terms of energy and water consumption. The results generated by this project will benefit dairy processors producing high-milk protein concentrates with regards with their technological choices in a sustainable development perspective.
Diafiltration
Lecourieux, David. "Analyse fonctionnelle des variations de la concentration en calcium libre dans le cytoplasme et le noyau des cellules de tabac en réponse à des éliciteurs des réactions de défense : identification de protéines kinases cibles." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS062.
Full textVinot-Renaud, Catherine. "Contribution à la connaissance et à la valorisation d'hydrolysats industriels de protéines de poissons." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD208.
Full textKuate, Kamga Blaise. "Caractérisation et formulation de nouveaux ingrédients alimentaires à base de complexes de protéines végétales et de polysaccharides." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37917.
Full textThe objective of this work was to characterize the physicochemical properties of complexes formed of plant proteins and dietary fibers. Nine complexes were produced from three plant protein isolates (two soy isolates and one pea isolate) and two fibers (corn and beet) with protein-polysaccharide (P-PS) ratios 1-1, 2-1 and 4-1 by gradual addition of hydrochloric acid up to a pH of 4. The size, the charge and water and oil absorption capacities of these complexes were evaluated with the aim of developing new ingredients with desired functionalities. The formation of complexes allowed to create a synergistic effect on the water absorption capacity of these new ingredients, which was found to be higher for the complexes based on soybeans and beet fiber (20 and 26% for Soya1-Bet and Soya2-Bet against 9 and 23% for Soya1-Corn and Soya2-Corn). The increase in water absorption was generally lower than oil absorption by more than 35%. The great synergy between the P-PS complex was correlated with a low protein content and smaller complex sizes. The formation of complexes appears as an interesting way to modulate the functionality of proteins and fibers to improve the level of fortification of foods.
Bedie, Kouadio Gerard. "Microencapsulation de composés nutraceutiques dans des complexes protéines-polysaccharides." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19823.
Full textDulau, Laurent. "Recherche sur les protéines responsables de la casse protéique des vins blancs secs : approche biochimique et génétique." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR20110.
Full textBon, Nina. "Etude du rôle des protéines PiT1/Slc20a1 et PiT2/Slc20a2 dans la détection du phosphate extracellulaire dans le squelette des mammifères." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1034/document.
Full textPhosphate (Pi) is a vital ion involved in numerous biological processes. Prolonged deficiency of Pi results in hypophosphatemia leading to serious consequences, including impaired bone mineralization. On the other hand, hyperphosphatemia can lead to life-threatening situations such as vascular calcifications. Controlling serum Pi concentration is therefore critical to life quality and expectancy. The first necessary step of this control is the ability to detect changes in extracellular Pi levels, which implies the existence of a Pi-sensing mechanism that would inform the body or the individual cell. Contrary to yeasts and bacteria for which Pi membrane transporters play a key role in Pi signaling, the underlying mechanism in mammals remains unknown. In this work, we hypothesized that the high affinity Na-Pi cotransporters PiT1/Slc20a1 and PiT2/Slc20a2 could be involved in Pi-sensing in mammals. As a first step, we showed in vitro that deleting either PiT1 or PiT2 blunted the Pi-dependent activation of MAPK/ERK1-2 both in osteoblasts and chondrocytes. This suggested that both PiTs were necessary to Pi signaling. Using a BRET approach, we then demonstrated that PiT1 and PiT2 could form a hetero-dimeric complex that was modulated by variations of extracellular Pi, but not by Pi transport across the membrane. Using PiT2 knockout mice, we showed that PiT2 was also necessary for the Pi-dependent regulation of FGF23 secretion, the main hormone responsible for Pi homeostasis. Taken together, our data propose that the PiT proteins could play a pivotal role in the Pi-sensing mechanism in mammals, which may be uncoupled from their Pi transport function
Alary, Rémi. "Isolement, caractérisation et importance technologique de deux gluténines de faible poids moléculaire chez le blé dur." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20010.
Full textChbab, Najat. "Réplication et morphogenèse du virus MDV-1 : caractérisation d'une protéine de tégument produit du gène UL17 essentiel à la réplication virale." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR4004.
Full textThis work aimed at studying the Marek's Disease virus (MDV) UL17 protein which is homologous to the capsid and tegument protein of HSV-1 virus. For this purpose, we used a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) of the highly pathogenic MDV strain RB-1b to generate mutant viruses in which the UL17 gene was either deleted or tagged with the HA peptide. The results showed that MDV pUL17 is a phosphoprotein (82 kDa) essential for viral replication. During the infection, pUL17 localizes in the nuclear compartment. This nuclear localization is not an intrinsic property of pUL17 and implies a viral factor. The co-localization of pUL17 with the major capsid protein VP5 and its influence on the cellular distribution of the tegument protein pUL14 favour the hypothesis that pUL17 participates in early tegumentation
Ducruet, Julien. "Etude des protéines du vin rouge : Mécanismes d'action d'enzymes de macération sur le raisin rouge." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR20742.
Full textBogard, Matthieu. "Analyse génétique et écophysiologique de l'écart à la relation teneur en protéines - rendement en grains chez le blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.)." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679581.
Full textBouvier, Nathalie. "Le soja : impact en nutrition et médecine humaine." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P145.
Full textFontaine, Albin. "Diversité et Immunogénicité des protéines salivaires de Culicidae." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20661/document.
Full textThe primary mean to protect individuals from arthropod-borne diseases is the prevention of bites from infected arthropods which could be achieved by vector control strategies. Mosquito saliva could induce a specific antibody response in exposed individuals that could be used to assess the effectiveness of anti-vector measures. The aim of this study is to assess the possibility to use anti-mosquito saliva antibody responses in order to evaluate the exposure to specific species of vectors and to identify salivary protein candidates that can be used as immunological markers of exposure. We first verify the lack of intraspecific differences among several mosquito colonies which is essential to further observe potential differences at the species level. Moreover, a convenient storage method was developed to preserve salivary samples in non optimal condition on the field. Based on these preliminary results, we evaluated the salivary gland protein repertory diversity among four Anopheles species using complementary approaches and we shown a genus and species specificity at the protein and antigen level. At least, a spatio-temporal evolution of anti-saliva antibody responses was shown according to the Aedes caspius density using sera of differentially exposed individuals. The specificity of this response was also reported at the genus and species level. All together, these results suggest the feasibility to characterize genus and species specific salivary antigens which could be used as immunological markers of exposure to evaluate host/vector contacts, the risk of vector-borne disease transmission or the effectiveness of anti-vector strategies
Silvestre, Marialice Pinto Coelho. "Nouvelles méthodes d'étude de la composition d'hydrolysats de caséine (cuprimétrie, spectrophotométrie, chromatographie d'exclusion stérique) : application à l'estimation de leur teneur en di- et tripeptides." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114820.
Full textVigeant, Nathalie. "Effets de la diminution de la teneur en protéines et de l'ajout d'additifs sur les propriétés de foisonnement de la crème à fouetter U.H.T." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60660.pdf.
Full textIlami, Golnar. "Purification, caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle d'une protéine, BnD22, induite par la contrainte hydrique progressive chez le colza." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120028.
Full textBasset, Gilles. "Etude du protéasome 20S dans des racines de mai͏̈s : relation entre carence carbonée, oxydation des protéines et protéasome." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28778.
Full textKobbi, Sabrine. "Purification de la RuBisCO à partir de la Luzerne, hydrolyse enzymatique, identification, structure-fonction des peptides bioactifs et leur valorisation dans des produits alimentaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10201.
Full textAlfalfa is an excellent source of protein. However, RuBisCO proteins showed most interest. Indeed, this protein has been labelled the most abundant on earth; it constitutes about 65% (w/w) of soluble leaf protein of Alfalfa. In this work, a new method was introduced for the purification of RuBisCO from alfalfa powder 10% (w /v), using two different solvents and pH effect. In a first step, the performance of the proposed RuBisCO recovery method was evaluated through qualitative and quantitative analysis and the results obtained showed that this new method could replace some conventional industrial processes. In a second step, enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out on the purified RuBisCO, which resulted in a large bioactive peptide population. The final peptides after 24h of hydrolysis showed better antibacterial or antioxidant activity compared to the other peptide hydrolysates. Nine new antibacterial peptides have been identified and characterized by MS and have a MIC of 2-6 mM against four species of bacteria: B subtilis, E coli, L innocua and M luteus. In addition, antioxidants peptide fractions were identified in this work, their antioxidant activity was evaluated by various in vitro and in vivo tests on oil of Colza. Finally, the addition of peptide RDRFL derived from the peptic hydrolysis of RuBisCO has a positive effect on the prolongation of the shelf life of minced meat and of tomato puree
Rederstorff, Mathieu. "Etude du rôle du sélénium et de la sélénoprotéine N dans les pathologies musculaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/REDERSTORFF_Mathieu_2006.pdf.
Full textCruveiller, Stéphane. "Organisation et évolution du génome des vertébrés : les impacts de la transition compositionnelle majeure à l'échelle des génomes, des gènes et des protéines." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077058.
Full textHelle, Stanislas. "Etude de la stœchiométrie des protéines liées à l'amidon : vers des programmes novateurs pour la sélection et la production de nouvelles variétés de pommes de terre." Thesis, Lille, 2020. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/EDBSL/2020/50376-2020-Helle.pdf.
Full textPotato represents, in term of quantity produced, the 5th crop culture, and the 4th starch source in the world. Moreover, its market is booming, as a result of its highest starch/land parcel yield. Starch is nowadays the main source of carbohydrate in human and cattle food. It is also used as food additive, glue, bioplastic and biofuel. Researches that have been leaded in order to understand the functions of proteins responsible of starch synthesis and degradation allowed to understand better its metabolism. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of association between the granule and the proteins are still misunderstood. In a fundamental point of view, the objective is to better understand these association mechanisms. With the help of mass spectrometry, we first identified the whole proteome of potato starch. Then, established stoichiometry of proteins bound to potato starch by quantitative proteomics. Afterward, we have compared this stoichiometry between different granules morphologies, and have highlighted that protein stoichiometry inside the granule fluctuates with its size. Thereafter, we have studied the incorporation rate of exogen heavy nitrogen 15N in the sequence of starch bound proteins at different time, in order to follow dynamically the association of proteins to the granule. These results demonstrated a higher incorporation rate during the first three weeks of the tuberization, and a difference of incorporation between the starch synthases, which elongate the glucan chains, and the starch branching enzymes, which form the branching points. Moreover, we have investigated the impact of the major protein inside the starch granule, the Granule Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS), on the association of the other proteins by comparative proteomics between starch granules from mutant potatoes for this protein. Finally, protocols will be miniaturized up to the analysis of a single starch granules, to avoid bias due to inter-granule heterogeneity. In a research and development point of view, the collaboration with the breeding company Florimond Desprez Veuve et Fils will allow the development of programs of selection and production of new potato varieties, particularly by the identification of protein markers for a given phenotype
Bédard-St-Amant, Jessika. "Effet de la pasteurisation haute du babeurre sur sa composition minérale et celle des constituants protéiques des fragments de la membrane du globule gras du lait." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26364/26364.pdf.
Full textLesdema, Aurélie. "Etude de l'effet combiné des fibres et des protéines sur la satiété et influence des paramètres psychologiques." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0093.
Full textIn the general context of weight management, the development of food with higher satiating power appears to be an interesting alternative or a complementary answer to the proposition of calorie-reduced diets. The main aim of this thesis was to evaluate the single and combined satiating effects of proteins and fibres in biscuits and the influence of psychological factors, such as a given message about a food, on satiety. As for cognitive parameters, considering Stunkard and Messick guidelines about TFEQ limits, young French adults aged 20–39 yrs have low cognitive restraint, disinhibition and hunger scores. This finding makes it possible to suggest new limits for the TFEQ scores better adapted to this category of the population which is often used in clinical studies. We used these limits to define our groups of volunteers in the study about the influence of a message on satiety. It was found that giving a message on the satiating potential of a food may affect a sub-group of the population, such as low-restrained high-disinhibited women. To optimize the selection of the prototypes used in the clinical study about fibre and protein effects on satiety, we developed a new successful methodology to train a panel of sensorial experts in satiety assessment. A combination of fibre and protein in biscuits reduces appetite sensations more than do single enrichment in fibre or protein. The mixing of fibre and protein activates mechanisms which are induced by fibre (such as reduced insulinemia and slowed gastric emptying) and protein (such as reduced glycaemia). In conclusion, this integrative approach on satiety brings new knowledge about the synergistic effect of fibre and protein on appetite sensations. It proposes a new methodology using sensory and nutrition expertise to assess the satiety power of products and it also highlights the importance of psychometric traits in human food studies.Key words: Satiety, Fibres, Proteins, Three-Factor Eating questionnaire, Satiety message, training in satiety assessment
Barbottin, Aude. "Utilisation d'un modèle de culture pour évaluer le comportement des génotypes: Pertinence de l'utilisation d'Azodyn pour analyser la variabilité du rendement et de la teneur en protéines du blé tendre." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001262.
Full textEl, youssef Cynthia. "Sensory benefits provided by selected microorganisms for the fermentation of plant matrices." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB027.
Full textThe new food trend in favor of the increasing consumption of plant proteins is mainly linked to the negative effects of products of animal origin on health and environment. To meet consumers’ needs, agro-food industries are working on the development of plant protein-based products.Among the different sources of proteins, pea (Pitsum sativum) offers environmental, technological and nutritional advantages. However, its use in the formulation of products remains strongly hampered by the presence of off-flavors, described mainly as “beany”, “green” and “vegetable”. Fermentation is one of the means that could be chosen to modify the quality of these products.Therefore, this research consisted of studying the impact of fermentation on the sensory perception of a pea protein yoghurt-like product. Microbiological, physico-chemical and sensory methods were implemented.The molecules responsible for off flavors in the unfermented matrix were identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Aldehydes, particularly hexanal, furans, alcohols and ketones are the major molecules present in this initial matrix.A variety of preselected microorganisms were cultured on this matrix, and their acidification and aromatization capacities were evaluated. Consortia of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were selected, based on the desired functionalities that each provides.The modification of the sensory perception of fermented products was confirmed by sensory analyses. The origin of this improvement might be related to the production of fruity aromas by the yeasts and / or the degradation of off-flavors.In order to get a better understanding of this phenomenon, sensory analyses on model solutions of the targeted molecules (recombination and omission experiments) were performed.In parallel, molecular fingerprinting by gas chromatography coupled with olfactometry were carried out on the fermented products.Hence, the produced esters by yeasts played a decisive role in improving the sensory perception of pea protein fermented products. Regarding the molecules responsible for defects, the dominant impact of certain molecules including hexanal and 2-pentylfuran has been highlighted. Nevertheless, the effect of other off-flavor molecules, remaining in the fermented matrix, still needs further exploration. In particular, the perception threshold in these matrices needs to be determined and the interaction effects require exploration.To conclude, this industrial thesis allowed to file a patent pertaining to the development of an innovative ingredient, resulting from the combination of a fermentation process and stabilization by drying
Paradis, Cloé. "Modification de la teneur en acides linoléiques conjugués du tissu adipeux du veau de boucherie au pâturage par l'apport de soya extrudé aux vaches allaitantes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18956.
Full textEl, Zein Rana. "Dynamiques saisonnières des réserves carbonées et azotées chez le chêne sessile (Quercus petraea) et le hêtre (Fagus sylvatica) adultes." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10002/document.
Full textSessile oak and beech are two deciduous temperate broadleaved species, characterized by contrasted foliar and cambial phenologies. In order to progress in our understanding of reserves management in these species, we studied the seasonal dynamics of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) reserves in adult trees in their natural environment. For this purpose, we developed a multidisciplinary approach associating ecophysiology, biochemistry and isotopy. The monthly monitoring of seasonal variation in C and N reserves in the stem sapwood showed a strong remobilization of starch from the most recent rings of oak in the spring in order to supply the necessary C for early wood growth that is concomitant to leaf expansion in this species. For beech, spring growth seemed to be less dependant on C stored within the stem sapwood. In both species, 2 polypeptides of 13 and 26 kDa accumulated with leaf senescence in the autumn and were highly abundant during the dormant period then they were remobilized with bud burst in the spring. This seasonal variation supports their role in nitrogen storage as vegetative storage proteins (VSP) and does not exclude a role in cold hardiness too. In sessile oak, the in situ 15N labeling of soil N (newly absorbed N) during the bud burst in the spring showed that N reserves accounted for 90% of total N of the new organs (leaves and twigs) at the first stages of growth. The contribution of newly assimilated N became more important when bud burst was achieved. The distribution patterns of non-structural C and N concentrations and amounts at the tree level was realized by an exhaustive sampling of trees from both species in the winter (January) and at full leaf expansion (June). This study showed i) that the distribution of concentrations among tree organs was dependant of the physiological function, wood anatomy and proximity to sink organs, ii) the importance of stem sapwood and coarse roots in reserves storage during the winter, iii) the importance of non-structural nitrogen amounts in leaves and twigs despite their low biomass, iv) higher amounts of non-structural C and N compounds in oak compared to beech, that reflects contrasted needs for spring growth and tissue maintenance during the winter dormancy
Casagrande, Marion. "Evaluation précoce des performances du blé biologique (rendement et teneur en protéines) : une approche combinée de diagnostic agronomique, de modélisation à l'aide d'indicateurs de nuisibilité et d'études des pratiques dans les exploitations agricoles." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004736.
Full textGloaguen, Mathieu. "Identification des acides aminés limitants secondaires pour la croissance des porcelets dans des régimes à basse teneur en protéines et des mécanismes de régulation de la consommation volontaire lors d’une carence en valine." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSARB227.
Full textKnowledge of amino acid requirements and the use of free AA in diets allow reducing the dietary crude protein(CP) content, improving the nitrogen efficiency and reducing the incidence of digestive disorders while maintaining performance of pigs. The 1st objective of the project was to identify the limiting amino acid for growth in low CP diets with a focus on valine (Val), isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu) and histidine (His). When the dietary Val supply is limiting, the voluntary feed intake of pigs decreases significantly. The underlying mechanisms have not yet been studied in pigs. The 2nd objective ws to contribute to the identification of mechanisms involved in feed intake regulation in pigs offered a diet deficient in Val. Our results indicated that a supply of 49 % Ile:Lys, 102 % Leu:Lys, and 32 % His:Lys (on a standardized ileal digestible bais) allows to maintain growth in pigs. The use of free Val, Leu, Ile, Phe and His enables a 4 percentage unit reduction in dietary CP content without affecting growth, which corresponds to a decrease of 40 % of nitrogen excretion. The feed intake reduction of a diet deficient in Val is the consequence of post-ingestive signals. The pig is able to detect a deficient supply of Val within A h after ingestion, which correspond to a low accumulation of plasma Val. In conclusion, our results show thaht it is possible to formulate very low CP diets for pigs and suggest implication of metabolic signals responsible for the reduction of feed intake when the diet is deficient in Val
Casagrande, Camille. "Evaluation précoce des performances du blé biologique (rendement et teneur en protéines) : une approche combinée de diagnostic agronomique, de modélisation à l'aide d'indicateurs de nuisibilité et d'études des pratiques dans les exploitations agricoles." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4736/01/ThèseMCasagrande.pdf.
Full textTouratier, Christine. "Comportement des protéines sarcoplasmiques de la viande de porc au cours du stockage et du chauffage : relations avec la qualité de la viande." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1992_TOURATIER_C.pdf.
Full textBarthélemy, Nicolas. "Protéomique qualitative et quantitative, une passerelle pour relier l’expression génomique à la construction des édifices biologiques : Application à la compréhension de la structure moléculaire du cheveu humain." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/BARTHELEMY_Nicolas_2011.pdf.
Full textHair fiber is a sophisticated biological material for which the details of its molecular structure failed to be well understood because of the lack of data regarding protein expression and organization. In this context, improvement on human hair cells knowledge with proteomic approaches has been performed in this PhD. This work has been structured in four parts : establishment of the knowledge on hair biology and its molecular structure obtained by literature mining. Development of a well-suited proteomic strategy for the special case of hair proteins analysis. This strategy is mainly based on the improvement of nanoLC-ESI-Q-TOF coupling for high-throughput peptide sequencing. Cell type isolation to study the proteome of cortical and cuticular hair cells. We have compared the semi quantitative expression of the identified proteins to investigate their location in those proteomes. These analyses led to protein expression evidence for 60% of keratin associated proteins predicted genes (KAP) compared to the only 20% previously evidenced (according to Uniprot). Use of complementary approaches to attempt to refine the quantification of the major proteins of cortical cells, to evidence structural properties for specific protein sequences and to propose hypotheses for the main KAP genes origin
Vasconcelos, Antônio Silvio do Egito. "Les protéines du lait de jument : caractérisation physico-chimique et recherche de peptides inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine I." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10016.
Full textA better knowledge of mares' milk proteins and biological activities related to peptides was required. Mares' breeds could be distinguished by electrophoretic analysis of caseins. Equine α-Lactalbumin and lysozyme were partially glycosylated. α-Lactalbumin spontaneously underwent an irreversible conformational change in time. αs1-, ß-, [kappa]-, γ-Caseins and proteose peptone component 5-like peptides were separated and characterized by chromatography, electrophoresis, and microsequencing. The equine caseins show a great heterogeneity probably resulting from variable phosphorylations and glycosylations. [kappa]- And ß-caseins had a preferential site of hydrolysis by chymosin, which generates para-[kappa]-casein and glycomacropeptide from [kappa]-casein. Some tryptic peptides of αs1- and ?-caseins presented an inhibition of the angiotensin I converting enzyme. A concentration of 285 ?M of the ß-casein 32-40 peptide was required to reduce 50% of the enzyme activity