Academic literature on the topic 'Article 1 of Protocol 12'
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Journal articles on the topic "Article 1 of Protocol 12"
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Bardutzky, Samo. "The Strasbourg Court on the Dayton Constitution: Judgment in the case of Sejdić and Finci v. Bosnia and Herzegovina, 22 December 2009." European Constitutional Law Review 6, no. 2 (2010): 309–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019610200081.
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On 22 December 2009, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (hereafter: the Court) issued a judgment on the applications filed by two citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mr Dervo Sejdić and Mr Jakob Finci. It found a violation of their rights under the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and under the Protocols to the Convention. Bosnia and Herzegovina had violated the applicants' rights under Article 14 of the Convention in conjunction with Article 3 of Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and under Article 1 of Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
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STATSENKO, Dmytro, Volodymyr STATSENKO, Yevheniia ROMANIUK, and Volodymyr OSYPENKO. "USE OF THE 1-WIRE PROTOCOL IN SMART HOME COMPUTER SYSTEMS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 315, no. 6 (2022): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-315-6(2)-94-99.
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The article examines the computer systems used in the “Smart House”. A comparative analysis of these computer systems was carried out. It was emphasized that such systems have a number of advantages that have a positive impact on human life and safety. The use of temperature measuring devices is widely used in computer systems to monitor Smart Home conditions. The need to install a large number of sensors leads to an increase in the complexity of such computer systems. Protocols for connecting sensors to a microcontroller play an important role in system development. The analysis of the latest publications and studies provides information on the widespread use of the 1-Wire protocol in various fields to solve practical problems and the need for further improvement of systems using this protocol. Two simulation models of “Smart House” computer systems for determining indoor temperature based on the classic connection protocol and using the 1-Wire protocol are presented. The simulation model based on the standard protocol uses: an Arduino Uno board based on an Atmega328p microcontroller, LM35 temperature sensors and a 74HC4051D multiplexer. In the simulation model using the 1-Wire protocol, the following are used: Arduino Uno board and DS18B20 digital temperature sensors. Information is given on the operation of the 1-Wire protocol, which is widely used to connect a large number of sensors with such an interface, namely, there is a theoretical possibility of addressing an unlimited number of similar devices on a single-wire line. In the simulation model of the system with the used 1-Wire protocol, the number of sensors connected to one output is increased to 12 in order to analyze and demonstrate the capabilities of the system. According to the simulation results, the following parameters are presented: the number of possible connections, the complexity of the design, the use of compact software code, the frequency of the clock signal, and the cost of the Smart Home computer systems. The results of the analysis of the considered simulation models of computer systems are presented in the conclusions. Advantages and disadvantages of systems with 1-Wire protocol are given.
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Baltes, Paul B., Karl Ulrich Mayer, Hanfried Helmchen, and Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen. "The Berlin Aging Study (BASE): Overview and Design." Ageing and Society 13, no. 4 (1993): 483–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00001343.
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ABSTRACTThis article, the introduction to a collection of six related articles, describes the general rationale and design of the Berlin Aging Study (BASE). The distinguishing features of BASE are: (1) a special focus on the very old (70–105 years), (2) broad inter-diciplinarity (medicine, psychiatry, psychology, sociology and economics), and (3) sample heterogeneity achieved by local (West Berlin) representativeness. In addition to discipline-specific topics, four theoretical orientations guide the study: (1) differential ageing, (2) continuity versus discontinuity of ageing, (3) range and limits of plasticity and reserve capacity, and (4) ageing as an inter-disciplinary and systemic phenomenon. To provide a foundation and framework for the remaining articles, this paper outlines the protocols, designs, and measurement procedures of fourteen data collection sessions. In addition, information is given on the samples used for empirical analysis. Two samples from the first wave of the Berlin Aging Study are addressed in this collection of articles. The first (N = 360), uses data from the BASE Intake Assessment Protocol (Session 1). The second (N = 156), employs data from the entire 14-session full protocol of BASE. Selectivity analyses involving 22 comparison variables are reported in this paper and demonstrate that, with the exception of 12-month mortality, these two samples displayed the intended sample heterogeneity. Those results suggest that data from BASE hold high generalizability.
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Mishina, N. N., I. N. Shtyrov, E. I. Semenov, and N. M. Vasilevskiy. "ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY PROTOCOL OPTIMIZATION FOR T-2 TOXIN INDICATION." Scientific Life 15, no. 4 (2020): 551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2020-15-4-551-560.
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T-2 toxin is one of the most common and toxic trichothecene mycotoxins – secondary metabolites of molds that develop on cereals and some other crops. This article discusses the development stage of a test system for the determination of T-2 toxin based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which uses an enzyme label – a conjugate of anti-rabbit goat antibodies with peroxidase. An important step in the creation of any ELISA-based test system is the preliminary titration of reaction components. The aim of the work was to determine the optimal concentration of the conjugate of antispecies antibodies in an indirectly competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent enzyme immunoassay with the indication of T-2 toxin. A number of dilutions of the antivirus conjugate were examined: 1 : 1000; 1 : 2000; 1 : 3000; 1 : 4000; 1 : 5000; 1 : 7500; 1 : 10000; 1 : 12 500; 1 : 15,000; 1 : 17,500; 1 : 20,000; 1 : 30 000. In the ELISA staging protocol, calibration solutions of T-2 toxin at concentrations of 0.0 were used; 2.5; 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 ng/ml and specific polyclonal rabbit antibodies to the T-2-BSA conjugate. Based on the average optical density values, calibration plots were constructed using the percentage of signal absorption from the zero standard. When evaluating the results of the study, the criterion for choosing the dilution of the conjugate of anti-species antibodies was considered the greatest, at which the best linearity of the grading plot is achieved and the level of its non-specific reaction with the zero standard would be the lowest. It was established that the optimal variants of dilutions of the conjugate of anti-species antibodies under the same experimental conditions tested were 1: 4000, 1 : 5000 and 1 : 12 500. Dose-dependent signal absorption was observed in all concentrations of anti-species antibodies. Dilutions of the conjugate of anti-species antibodies 1 : 1000–1 : 3000 and 1 : 17 500–1 : 30 000 were not taken into account, since the optical density of most wells was higher than the optimal boundaries in the first case (> 3.9) and lower in the second (< 0.4). Based on the foregoing, optimal dilution of the conjugate of anti-species antibodies was selected 1 : 12 500.
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Tran, Duong Dinh, Canh Minh Do, Santiago Escobar, and Kazuhiro Ogata. "Hybrid post-quantum Transport Layer Security formal analysis in Maude-NPA and its parallel version." PeerJ Computer Science 9 (September 22, 2023): e1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1556.
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This article presents a security formal analysis of the hybrid post-quantum Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, a quantum-resistant version of the TLS protocol proposed by Amazon Web Services as a precaution in dealing with future attacks from quantum computers. In addition to a classical key exchange algorithm, the proposed protocol uses a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, which is believed invulnerable under quantum computers, so the protocol’s key negotiation is called the hybrid key exchange scheme. One of our assumptions about the intruder’s capabilities is that the intruder is able to break the security of the classical key exchange algorithm by utilizing the power of large quantum computers. For the formal analysis, we use Maude-NPA and a parallel version of Maude-NPA (called Par-Maude-NPA) to conduct experiments. The security properties under analysis are (1) the secrecy property of the shared secret key established between two honest principals with the classical key exchange algorithm, (2) a similar secrecy property but with the post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, and (3) the authentication property. Given the time limit T = 1,722 h (72 days), Par-Maude-NPA found a counterexample of (1) at depth 12 in T, while Maude-NPA did not find it in T. At the same time T, Par-Maude-NPA did not find any counterexamples of (2) and (3) up to depths 12 and 18, respectively, and neither did Maude-NPA. Therefore, the protocol does not enjoy (1), while it enjoys (2) and (3) up to depths 12 and 18, respectively. Subsequently, the secrecy property of the master secret holds for the protocol up to depth 12.
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Kurakina, Polina. "European Court of Human Rights: review of the Grand Chamber judgment of 15 October 2020 in the case of Muhammad and Muhammad v. Romania (аpplication no. 80982/12)". Meždunarodnoe pravosudie 11, № 1 (2021): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21128/2226-2059-2021-1-3-12.
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In Muhammad and Muhammad v. Romania (application no. 80982/12), the European Court of Human Rights examined the legality of limiting the right to be informed of the reasons for expulsion and the right to have access to the documents in the case file. The Grand Chamber acknowledged that these rights were not established in the first paragraph of Article 1 of Protocol no. 7 to the Convention, but noted that a foreigner would not be able to present arguments against his expulsion if he did not know the factual circumstances based on which the authorities concluded that he poses a threat to national security. This information is necessary to exercise one’s rights under the first paragraph of the article in question. The mere fact that the decision on expulsion was taken by independent judicial authorities at a high level, without it being possible to establish that the Court properly used review powers, did not suffice to counterbalance the limitations of applicants’ procedural rights. The Court also found that the limitations imposed on the applicants’ rights under Article 1 of Protocol no. 7 were not counterbalanced in the domestic proceedings and did not preserve the very essence of those rights: the courts did not examine the credibility of the findings of the Romanian intelligence service, the applicant’s lawyers did not have access to classified documents, the applicants were not informed about the possibility of having lawyers with proper access to classified information, etc. After applying the facts of the present case, the Court, therefore, concluded that there had been a violation of Article 1 of Protocol no. 7 to the Convention.
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Torres, Carlos Rocha Gomes, Eduardo Bresciani, César R. Pucci, et al. "Influence of Dentin Deproteinization on Bonding Degradation: 1-year Results." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, no. 12 (2016): 985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1968.
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ABSTRACT Introduction The decalcification protocol of dentin surface with sodium hypochlorite removes the exposed collagen fibrils and could improve the longevity of the bonding interface. This study evaluated the influence of collagen removal with 10% sodium hypochlorite (10% NaOCl) on the longitudinal shear bond strength (SBS) of adhesives to dentin. Materials and methods Seventy-two extracted human molars were sectioned and the buccal and lingual surfaces were flattened and acid etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds. The specimens were divided into six groups (n = 12 teeth – 24 sections), according to adhesive and collagen removal protocol: group 1: UNO Dentastic; group 2: Prime and Bond NT; group 3: Single Bond; group 4: 10% NaOCl + UNO Dentastic; group 5: 10% NaOCl + Prime and Bond NT; group 6: 10% NaOCl + Single Bond. Composite Z100 buildup was prepared, and the SBS test was assessed after 24 hours and 1 year. Data were submitted to three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). Results The mean values (MPa) were for 24 hours: G1: 22.45B; G2: 7.90DE; G3: 12.56CD; G4: 19.85BC; G5: 33.73A; G6: 20.77B; and for 1 year: G1: 2.43E; G2: 2.26E; G3: 4.3DE; G4: 18.79BC; G5: 26.49AB; G6: 22.73B. Conclusion Dentin deproteinization treatment with 10% NaOCI influenced the SBS compared with conventional treatment. The negative influence on SBS detected for conventional groups at 1-year interval was not detected for deproteinized groups. Clinical relevance The longevity of hybrid layer is critical due to the hydrolysis process at the adhesive interface over time. The use of 10% NaOCl deproteinization protocol might improve the longevity of bonding in adhesive restorations. How to cite this article Pucci CR, Barbosa NR, Bresciani E, Yui KCK, Huhtala MFRL, Barcellos DC, Torres CRG. Influence of Dentin Deproteinization on Bonding Degradation: 1-year Results. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):985-989.
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Unan, Rasim, Ilyas Deligoz, Kassim Al-Khatib, and Husrev Mennan. "Protocol for ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) mutagenesis application in rice." Open Research Europe 1 (March 24, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13317.1.
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Background: Non-transgenic chemical mutagen application, particularly ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), is an important tool to create mutations and gain a new genetic makeup for plants. It is useful to obtain a sufficient number of mutant plants instead of working with a severe mutation in a few plants. EMS dose and exposure period have been previously studied in several crops; however, EMS used to create point mutations in presoaked rice seeds has not been sufficiently studied and there is no standard protocol for such treatment. The aim of this study is to establish a standard protocol for EMS mutagenesis application in rice. Methods: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of four durations of rice seed presoaking (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours), four EMS concentration doses (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%), and four EMS exposure periods (6, 12, 24, and 48 hours). Germination rate, plumula and radicle length, seedling survival, shoot length, root length and fresh seedling weight were evaluated. Results: Results showed that a 12-hour presoaking duration, 0.5% EMS dose, and six hours of EMS exposure were the best practices for the optimum number of mutant plants. Conclusions: In light of both this study and the literature, a standard application protocol was established. This application protocol, detailed in this article, contains the following guidelines: (1) Presoaking: 12 hours, (2) EMS application: 0.5% dose EMS and six hours, (3) Final washing: six hours, (4) Drying: 72 hours at 38°C. A user-friendly protocol has been presented for utilization by researchers.
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Unan, Rasim, Ilyas Deligoz, Kassim Al-Khatib, and Husrev Mennan. "Protocol for ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) mutagenesis application in rice." Open Research Europe 1 (February 14, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13317.3.
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Background: Non-transgenic chemical mutagen application, particularly ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), is an important tool to create mutations and gain a new genetic makeup for plants. It is useful to obtain a sufficient number of mutant plants instead of working with a severe mutation in a few plants. EMS dose and exposure period have been previously studied in several crops; however, EMS used to create point mutations in presoaked rice seeds has not been sufficiently studied and there is no standard protocol for such treatment. The aim of this study is to establish a standard protocol for EMS mutagenesis application in rice. Methods: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of four durations of rice seed presoaking (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours), four EMS concentration doses (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%), and four EMS exposure periods (6, 12, 24, and 48 hours). Germination rate, plumula and radicle length, seedling survival, LD50 (Lethal Dose) determination, shoot length, root length and fresh seedling weight were evaluated. Results: Results showed that a 12-hour presoaking duration, 0.5% EMS dose, and six hours of EMS exposure were the best practices for the optimum number of mutant plants. Conclusions: In light of both this study and the literature, a standard application protocol was established. This application protocol, detailed in this article, contains the following guidelines: (1) Presoaking: 12 hours, (2) EMS application: 0.5% dose EMS and six hours, (3) Final washing: six hours, (4) Drying: 72 hours at 38°C. A user-friendly protocol has been presented for utilization by researchers.
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Unan, Rasim, Ilyas Deligoz, Kassim Al-Khatib, and Husrev Mennan. "Protocol for ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) mutagenesis application in rice." Open Research Europe 1 (October 8, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13317.2.
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Background: Non-transgenic chemical mutagen application, particularly ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), is an important tool to create mutations and gain a new genetic makeup for plants. It is useful to obtain a sufficient number of mutant plants instead of working with a severe mutation in a few plants. EMS dose and exposure period have been previously studied in several crops; however, EMS used to create point mutations in presoaked rice seeds has not been sufficiently studied and there is no standard protocol for such treatment. The aim of this study is to establish a standard protocol for EMS mutagenesis application in rice. Methods: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of four durations of rice seed presoaking (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours), four EMS concentration doses (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%), and four EMS exposure periods (6, 12, 24, and 48 hours). Germination rate, plumula and radicle length, seedling survival, LD50 (Lethal Dose) determination, shoot length, root length and fresh seedling weight were evaluated. Results: Results showed that a 12-hour presoaking duration, 0.5% EMS dose, and six hours of EMS exposure were the best practices for the optimum number of mutant plants. Conclusions: In light of both this study and the literature, a standard application protocol was established. This application protocol, detailed in this article, contains the following guidelines: (1) Presoaking: 12 hours, (2) EMS application: 0.5% dose EMS and six hours, (3) Final washing: six hours, (4) Drying: 72 hours at 38°C. A user-friendly protocol has been presented for utilization by researchers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Article 1 of Protocol 12"
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Önder, Beril. "The European court of human rights and gender equality : exploring the potential of article 14 ECHR and protocol no. 12 article 1 for achieving substantive equality." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAA002.
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Cette thèse analyse le traitement donné par la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme aux recours qui invoquent une discrimination fondée sur le sexe sous les articles de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme qui interdisent les discriminations (art. 14 et art. 1 du Protocole n° 12). Elle pose la question de la contribution de la Cour à la réalisation de l’égalité entre les hommes et les femmes dans une perspective d’égalité substantielle, en analysant la jurisprudence au regard des bonnes pratiques dégagées par le droit international des droits de l’homme.Elle met en évidence l’évolution, dans les dernières années, de cette jurisprudence dans le sens d’une plus grande attention aux enjeux de l’égalité réelle entre les hommes et les femmes, et les améliorations qui sont encore attendues d’elle dans cette perspective<br>This thesis carries out a critical analysis of the sex-discrimination case law (Article 14 ECHR and Protocol No. 12 Article 1) of the ECtHR from a substantive equality perspective and in light of relevant best practices of international human rights law.This research reveals that the Court’s case law under Article 14 and Protocol 12 Article 1 has adopted a more substantive interpretation of gender equality in recent years, although it still has some important shortcomings and inconsistencies. In light of the criticism from legal scholars and in light of the developments in international human rights law the Court could still develop its case law and address its own shortcomings to contribute more to substantive equality between men and women
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Khatun, Kaysara. "An investigation into the effectiveness of using forestry projects for sustainable development in India under the Clean Development Mechanism (Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508088.
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Byrne, Marion Helen. "Measuring compliance of non-forensic mental health laws with article 12 of the convention on the rights of persons with disabilities." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/134260/2/Marion_Byrne_Thesis%5B1%5D.pdf.
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This thesis responds to calls for greater clarity regarding the human rights standards that should be met by mental health legislation, and a mechanism by which to measure such standards. The research provides a new and contemporary human rights analysis tool, the Analysis Instrument for Mental Health, and uses the tool to demonstrate compliance of Victorian mental health legislation. The outcomes that can be achieved through use of the tool include identification of compliance with human rights, and law reform required to achieve full recognition of the right to equal recognition before the law under mental health legislation.
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Volpi, Francesca <1984>. "Green Strategies for the Cleaning of Works of Art Setting Up of an Analytical Protocol for the Evaluation of Cleaning." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8050/1/PhD%20thesis%20FV_2017_k.pdf.
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In last decades, the safety of both artworks and restorers during cleaning operations, has been the subject of many research works, aimed at the development of gel-systems that confine the solvent action to the very surface thus preventing its absorption into the paint layers and minimizing operators’ exposure.
In this research work, a totally sustainable approach has been presented for the cleaning of artworks. In particular new organogels made of bio-compatible components, were evaluated as cleaning tool for the removal of paint varnishes. The gels consist of a polymer derived from renewable bio-materials, poly(-3hydroxybutyrrate), and different green solvents (γ-valerolactone GVL, ethyl lactate EL, dimethyl carbonate DMC). These gels, previously characterized in order to investigate thermal and mechanical properties, were tested for the removal of natural and acrylic varnishes over different binding medium (linseed oil, egg and glue).The gels were first tested on painting mock-ups, not aged and aged, then validated on real paintings. Their cleaning capabilities were compared to methods traditionally employed in restoration (e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide, benzyl alcohol acetone, carbopol-gel). A specific protocol of cleaning evaluation was designed for assessing varnish removal capability, residues releasing and solvent retention by means of Optical Microscope observations of paint cross sections in visible and ultraviolet light, µFTIR-Attenuated Total Reflection surface analyses and Head Space-Solid Phase Micro Extraction coupled with GC-MS analyses. These new totally safe and biodegradable organogels demonstrated good varnish cleaning capabilities that, in conjunction with their easy preparation, use and waste, represent a “green” and safe approach for both paintings and painting restorers.
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Laikind, Lawrence A. "The Application of Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities(CRPD) to decisions of Australian tribunals and court administering guardianship legislation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/101500/1/Lawrence_Laikind_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines compliance of decisions by Australian tribunals and courts administering guardianship legislation with the requirement of Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities that all adults have the right to universal legal capacity. Over 300 publically available guardianship tribunal and court decisions involving residential accommodation were examined from NSW, Queensland and Victoria. The cases reviewed were from the period between Australia’s ratification of the Convention in 2008 and July 2015. There was variable compliance with the Convention across the States. The principles in the guardianship legislation were more important than the Convention, and ‘best interests’ principles took priority over autonomy-based principles consistent with the Convention.
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Maxwell, Douglas. "Rights to property, rights to buy, and land law reform : applying Article 1 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285096.
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This dissertation examines the application and effect of Article 1 of the First Protocol to the ECHR in relation to Scots land law reform. Chapter one will reflect on why existing rights to property have come to be challenged. Chapter two sets out the human rights paradigm and scrutinises what rights and whose rights are engaged. Chapter three traces the development of A1P1. Chapter four applies the human rights paradigm to contemporary reforms. Chapter five considers the broader effect A1P1 has had on domestic property law. This dissertation submits that the problem to be overcome is that, in many instances, Scots land law reform has been reduced into a simplistic struggle. A1P1 has been held up as either a citadel protecting landowners or as an ineffective and unjustified right to be ignored. At the core of this debate are competing claims between liberal individualist rights to property and socially democratic, egalitarian goals. This dissertation argues that it is important to move beyond this binary debate. This is not about finding some mysterious "red card" or eureka moment that conclusively shows compatibility or incompatibility. Instead, compatibility will be determined by following a rule-based approach that values rational decision-making and the best available evidence, as well as the importance of democratic institutions. As such, it will be illustrated how future challenges are likely to focus not on the underlying purpose of land law reform but on the macro or micro granularity of Ministerial discretion. In coming to this conclusion, it will be argued that A1P1 has a pervasive influence on the entire workings of all public bodies and, like a dye, permeates the legislative process.
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Mbano, Ngcimezile Nia. "Whether it should be a legally enforceable duty to disclose one’s HIV status to a sexual partner : critical analysis of article 14(1)(e) of the African Women’s Protocol." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8096.
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This study will look at the possible interpretations and implementation methods that a state may adopt in accordance with internationally recognised standards and best practices. This will be in light of the special context of Africa and specifically as regards the disposition of women in the HIV and AIDS pandemic. The author critically analyse article 14(1)(e)of the African Women’s Protocol and establish possible interpretations that best advance the public health goal of arresting the spread of HIV in Africa<br>Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008.<br>A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Patrice E. Vahard of the Faculty of Law, Addis Ababa University<br>http://www.chr.up.ac.za/<br>Centre for Human Rights<br>LLM
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Strindberg, Mona. "Protection of Personal Data, a Power Struggle between the EU and the US: What implications might be facing the transfer of personal data from the EU to the US after the CJEU’s Safe Harbour ruling?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-294790.
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Since the US National Security Agency’s former contractor Edward Snowden exposed the Agency’s mass surveillance, the EU has been making a series of attempts toward a more safeguarded and stricter path concerning its data privacy protection. On 8 April 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union (the CJEU) invalidated the EU Data Retention Directive 2006/24/EC on the basis of incompatibility with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter). After this judgment, the CJEU examined the legality of the Safe Harbour Agreement, which had been the main legal basis for transfers of personal data from the EU to the US under Decision 2000/520/EC. Subsequently, on 6 October 2015, in the case of Schrems v Data Protection Commissioner, the CJEU declared the Safe Harbour Decision invalid. The ground for the Court’s judgment was the fact that the Decision enabled interference, by US public authorities, with the fundamental rights to privacy and personal data protection under Article 7 and 8 of the Charter, when processing the personal data of EU citizens. According to the judgment, this interference has been beyond what is strictly necessary and proportionate to the protection of national security and the persons concerned were not offered any administrative or judicial means of redress enabling the data relating to them to be accessed, rectified or erased. The Court’s analysis of the Safe Harbour was borne out of the EU Commission’s own previous assessments. Consequently, since the transfers of personal data between the EU and the US can no longer be carried out through the Safe Harbour, the EU legislature is left with the task to create a safer option, which will guarantee that the fundamental rights to privacy and protection of personal data of the EU citizens will be respected. However, although the EU is the party dictating the terms for these transatlantic transfers of personal data, the current provisions of the US law are able to provide for derogations from every possible renewed agreement unless they become compatible with the EU data privacy law. Moreover, as much business is at stake and prominent US companies are involved in this battle, the pressure toward the US is not only coming from the EU, but some American companies are also taking the fight for EU citizens’ right to privacy and protection of their personal data.
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CHUNG, HSUN-SU, and 鍾曛夙. "First-to-use Principle in Trademark Law — Focusing on Article 30, Paragraph 1, Subparagraph 12 in Our Trademark Law." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xx52bc.
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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>財經法律系研究所<br>107<br>Although our Trademark Law adopts first-to-register principle, there are some exceptions about first-to-use principle. For instance, protection of well-known marks, first-to-use marks, and bona fide first user. As to U.S. Federal Trademark Law, the owner who used his/her trademark in commerce may file a trademark registration. Furthermore, a person with bona fide intention to use could also file a trademark registration. Article 2 (d) of Federal Trademark Law adopts first-to-use principle with exception allowing concurrent use registration.
In Starlux case, Mr. Chang held a press conference and expressed his intent to use “STARLUX” as a trademark before filed the application. Two days after the press conference, Song Lin travel agency filed a trademark registration. In the opposition proceeding, our Intellectual Property Office made a decision that the case should apply §30Ⅰ○12 of our Trademark Law. The author agreed with the result since Mr. Chang used the mark in commercial and got priority right.
The case gives us a good lesson that the trademark creator should file a trademark registration as soon as possible to maintain its important rights and interests.
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莊昌鑫. "Practical Insights on the Dismissal Conditions of Employers and Analysis of Court Judgment - Centered on Paragraph 4,Paragraph 6, Item 1, Article 12 of the Labor Standard Act." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x2dq66.
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碩士<br>南臺科技大學<br>財經法律研究所<br>106<br>Dismissal is a form of labor contract termination by the employer, which is the most severe measure taken by an employer for reasons of the employee. In Taiwan, the action of firing employees is mainly based on the provisions of Item 1, Article 12 of the Labor Standard Act. At the same time, provisions of Item 1, Article 12 are subject to the exclusion period of Item 2 of the same Article. This paper discusses the doctrinal dismissal based on Paragraph 4, Paragraph 6, Item 1, Article 12 of the Labor Standard Act. In addition, this paper also reviews the application of Paragraph 4, Paragraph 6, Item 1, Article 12 of the Labor Standard Act in practice through the practical insights and court judgment cases, and finds out the common dismissal of each provision for the source of the law in reality. After the practical case analysis and induction, this paper describes the dismissal. In Taiwan, companies have established the dismissal procedure (such as the system of three demerits) and organizations similar to the personnel evaluation council as part of the procedure before the dismissal. However, there still seems to be deficiencies in the right of offering an explanation and the provision of appeal channels before the dismissal of employees. This paper argued that the right of offering an explanation and the provision of appeal channels can avoid lawsuits of dismissal disputes, which can serve as a direction for future efforts. Therefore, as for dismissal, this part is the focus that should be reinforced now. According to the basis of dismissal, in accordance with the actual operation of Item 1, Article 12 of the Labor Standard Act, the actual practice of Paragraph 1, Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 5 is mostly not separated from the original provisions. As for Paragraph 4, due to the “severe violation” in the provision is the dismissal derived from the uncertain legal concept, in addition to causing the largest number of cases, it also has the problems of too large covering range. The controversy of “absenteeism” in Paragraph 6 is mostly caused by other disputes between the employer and the employee, such as work transfer, leave disputes and the recovery of working hours. Therefore, as for common dismissals, through the analysis of practical cases and court judgments, this paper establishes the systematic and general judgment standard and provides reference for employers while carrying out the dismissal based on accumulated court judgments. In addition, the Principle of the Final Means of judging whether dismissal is reasonable tends to be gradually valued in practice. Since this principle lacks general usage standards in the case of this paper, it is still necessary to establish the judgment standard in the future.
Books on the topic "Article 1 of Protocol 12"
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Uruguay, ed. Concluding observations on the initial report submitted by Uruguay under article 12, paragraph 1, of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. United Nations, 2015.
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Sigron, Maya. Legitimate expectations under Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights. Intersentia, 2014.
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Ploeger, H. D., J. P. Loof, and Arine van der Steur. The right to property: The influence of Article 1 Protocol no. 1 ECHR on several fields of domestic law. Edited by E. M. Meijers Instituut. Shaker Pub., 2000.
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Schutte, Camilo Basilio. The European fundamental right of property: Article 1 of Protocol no. 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights : its origins, its working, and its impact on national legal orders. Kluwer, 2004.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs. Protocol drawn up on the basis of article 43 (1) of the Convention on the establishment of a European Police Office (Europol Convention) amending article 2 and the annex to that convention: Brussels, 30 November 2000. Stationery Office, 2001.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce, ed. How Internet Protocol-Enabled Services Are Changing The Face of Communications: A View From Technology Companies, Serial No. 109-12, February 9, 2005, 109-1 Hearing, *. s.n., 2005.
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Rights, African Commission on Human and Peoples'. General comments on article 14 (1) (D) and (E) of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa. African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, 2013.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs. Protocol drawn up on the basis of article 43(1) of the Convention on the Establishment of a European Police Office (Europol Convention) amending that Convention, Brussels, 27 November 2003. Stationery Office, 2004.
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Affairs, Canada Dept of External. Geneva conventions: Protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol 1, with Annexes) and of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol 2) (with Canadian Reservations and Statements of Understanding). s.n, 1991.
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Kansas. Dept. of Corrections. Regulations: Inmate conduct, penalties, discipline procedure, disciplinary and administrative segregation, grievance procedure, and reporting and claims procedure : article 44-12 through 44-16 of Kansas administrative regulations : effective May 1, 1985. Dept. of Corrections, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Article 1 of Protocol 12"
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Oberthür, Sebastian, and Hermann E. Ott. "The Clean Development Mechanism (Article 12)." In The Kyoto Protocol. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03925-0_14.
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Oberthür, Sebastian, and Hermann E. Ott. "Preamble and Definitions (Article 1)." In The Kyoto Protocol. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03925-0_9.
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Malisch, Rainer, Karin Malisch, F. X. Rolaf van Leeuwen, et al. "Overview of WHO- and UNEP-Coordinated Human Milk Studies and Their Link to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants." In Persistent Organic Pollutants in Human Milk. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34087-1_2.
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AbstractBuilding on the two rounds of human exposures studies coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the mid-1980s and 1990s to determine the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in human milk, five further studies were performed between 2000 and 2019. Following the entering into force of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in 2004, WHO and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) agreed to collaborate in joint studies. The collaboration aimed at supporting the Convention’s implementation by assessing its effectiveness as required under Article 16. It expanded the number of analytes in the studies to include the initial 12 POPs targeted by the Convention for elimination or reduction and subsequently to the 30 POPs covered under the Stockholm Convention as of 2019, furthermore two POPs proposed for listing.The implementation of the studies has followed three basic steps: (1) collection of a large number of individual samples from mothers based on the standardized WHO/UNEP protocol; (2) from equal amounts of the individual samples, preparation of pooled samples that are considered to represent the average levels of POPs in human milk for a country or subpopulation of that country at the time of sampling; and (3) analysis of POPs in the pooled samples by the Reference Laboratories for the WHO/UNEP-coordinated exposure studies 2000–2019 (for chlorinated and brominated POPs in the period 2000–2019 at CVUA Freiburg, Germany, and for perfluoroalkane substances in the period 2009–2019 at Örebro University, Sweden).In studies between 2000 and 2019, 82 countries from all United Nations regions participated, with 50 countries participating in more than one study. Repeated participation of countries permits the assessment of temporal trends, which can be used for risk management purposes as well as the evaluation of the effectiveness of the Convention in eliminating or reducing emissions of POPs.
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Ball, Petra, and Yvette Zegenhagen. "Common Article 1 and counter-terrorism legislation." In Ensuring Respect for International Humanitarian Law. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429197628-12.
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Stephanie, Krisper. "Entry into Force." In The United Nations Convention Against Torture and its Optional Protocol. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198846178.003.0064.
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This chapter discusses Article 28 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, covering the chronology of draft texts, analysis of Working Group discussions, and issues of interpretation. Article 28 describes the procedure of the entry into force of the Protocol in line with Article 27 of the Convention against Torture. Entry into force means that the provisions laid down in the Protocol becomes legally binding on all States parties that have ratified or acceded to it. In line with Article 28(1) of the Optional Protocol, the Protocol entered into force under international law on 22 June 2006. As of 12 December 2018, the Optional Protocol had 88 States parties.
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maere, Matthieu, and Charlotte Streck. "Legal Ownership and Nature of Kyoto Units and EU Allowances." In Legal Aspects of Implementing the Kyoto Protocol Mechanistns: Making Kyoto Work. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199279616.003.0003.
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Abstract The Kyoto Protocol is based on the principle of achieving quantitative reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by establishing binding emission targets on individual parties to the Protocol. While the overall goal is the reduction ofGHG emissions, the Protocol allows for certain flexibility as to where the emission reductions can be generated. The flexibility is created through a mechanism for trading emission rights (Article 17), and two mechanisms for creating project-based emission credits, which are measured and verified against baseline emission levels (Articles 6 and 12).1 The base units of the Kyoto Protocol are Assigned Amount Units (MUs) where each unit is equivalent to one metric tonne of carbon dioxide emissions equivalents assigned to an industrialized {Annex I) country pursuant to Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol.
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Kotzeva, Anna, Lucy Murray, and Robin Tam QC. "Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (Prohibition of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment)." In Asylum And Human Rights Appeals Handbook, edited by Ian Burnett QC. Oxford University PressOxford, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199289424.003.0003.
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Abstract Under section 6(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA), it is unlawful for a public authority to act in a way which is incompatible with a right protected under the European Convention on Human Rights, as translated into domestic law rights by the HRA. The translated Convention provisions are Article 2 (right to life), Article 3 (prohibition of torture), Article 4 (prohibition of slavery and forced labour), Article 5 (right to liberty and security), Article 6 (right to a fair trial), Article 7 (no punishment without law), Article 8 (right to respect for private and family life), Article 9 (freedom of thought, conscience, and religion), Article 10 (freedom of expression), Article 11 (freedom of assembly and association), Article 12 (right to marry), Article 14 (prohibition of discrimination), as well as Articles 16 to 18 and parts of the First and Sixth Protocols, which are less relevant in the immigration context.
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Ahnfeldt-Mollerup Ulrik. "The Universal Legal Regime against Terrorism – the Role of the United Nations." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - E: Human and Societal Dynamics. IOS Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-58603-997-4-88.
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This article describes the universal legal regime against terrorism and explains the role of the Terrorism Prevention Branch of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in advancing this regime. The main Security Council instruments described are the 12 international conventions, 3 protocols and 1 amendment relating to the fight against terrorism. An overview of the level of ratification of these instruments is provided.
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"Article 1. Objective." In Unraveling the Nagoya Protocol. Brill | Nijhoff, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004217188_003.
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Patricia, Schulz, Halperin-Kaddari Ruth, Rudolf Beate, and Freeman Marsha A. "Article 12." In The UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and its Optional Protocol. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192862815.003.0014.
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This chapter discusses Article 12 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). It shows how the CEDAW Committee has applied Article 12 to States parties so as to identify discrimination against women in the field of health care. One pervasive form of gender-based discrimination is the denial or neglect of women’s basic health services due to the failure to take account of the socio-economic determinants of women’s ill health. A further factors of discrimination is that health-care systems are structured in ways that subordinate women and their health-care needs to those of men and deny them their agency in making their own health-care decisions and their voice in designing health systems. Article 12(2) also addresses sex-specific reproductive health-care needs by requiring appropriate services for women relating to pregnancy, confinement, and the post-natal period and adequate nutrition during pregnancy and lactation. General Recommendation No 24 requires that reports of States parties to the Committee demonstrate that their respective health legislation, plans, and policies are based on scientific and ethical research and assessment of the health status and needs of women in that country.
Conference papers on the topic "Article 1 of Protocol 12"
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Silva, Elaine F., Luciene S. Santos, Merlin C. E. Bandeira, et al. "Raman and FT-IR Based Methodology Development to Assess Flexible Pipelines Pressure Barrier Degradation in Offshore Installations of the Oil and Gas Industry." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-18997.
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Abstract The recommended standard technique for monitoring the degradation of polyamide 12 (PA-12) is viscosimetry, through measurements of inherent viscosity (IV) to obtain the values of Corrected Inherent Viscosity (CIV). The CIV values were used as reference to correlate with Raman and IR results. PA-12 pristine samples and those submitted to ageing in reactors with controlled pressure and supercritical CO2 conditions were analyzed. The specimens were immersed in mineral water (pH 4.0), at a temperature of 120 °C for a period of up to 45 days. From the Raman spectra the νasCH2 vibration at 2924 cm– 1 seems to be a sensitive spectral probe of PA-12 hydrolytic degradation, therefore the relative intensity decrease of pristine and aged samples was used to compare RAMAN and CIV results. From FTIR spectra, a variation in the intensity of the bands attributed to the α and γ phases, at ~ 1560 and 1545 cm– 1, respectively, was observed, which might be related to the degradation/ageing of the polymer. After analyzing samples submitted to different ageing conditions, there are good evidences that an analyses protocol of Raman and FTIR give consistent qualitative information on the degradation of PA-12, and therefore, is a new alternative for monitoring the hydrolytic degradation of PA-12, thus eliminating the use of toxic organic solvents, reducing the analysis time and bringing information about the degradation mechanism.
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Budde, Frederic E., and Robert L. Moison. "The Role of Coatings in Mold and Mildew Remediation." In SSPC 2005. SSPC, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2005-00006.
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Abstract The proper use of barrier coating technology as part of the mold and mildew remediation process is discussed, along with the properties the appropriate barrier coating should exhibit. Testing to confirm these properties is discussed, along with some interesting comparison testing on the need for pesticides to achieve mold resistance of the coating s film. Interestingly, the US-EPA has already established independent certified lab tested standards for barrier coatings, this is also discussed. One of the newer hazards facing property owners and managers of residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial structures is mold and mildew infestations. Newer is used loosely as mold and mildew (M&M) have been around since the beginning of time. In fact, regulations for dealing with mildew are given in the Old Testament in Leviticus 13. Much has been written and speculated upon as to why this has become such a frequent issue in just the past few years, but this is not the topic of this paper. Nor are the potential health issues from exposure to M&M a topic for this discussion. M&M and their resultant health issues are here and here to stay if proper remediation steps are not taken. As the proper M&M remediation protocol is followed, coatings can play an important cost saving role in many situations. This paper will discuss the exact role coatings should play and the physical properties that are necessary for a coating or coating system to provide the desired long-term protection. Performance testing relevant to the use of coatings for mold and mildew remediation will also be discussed. The information contained in this article expands on that contained in an earlier article by the authors (Ref. 1).
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Ćorić, Vesna, Ana Knežević Bojović, and Fernanda Fernandez Jankov. "Collective property through the lens of the case-law of the European court of human rights." In Common (and collective) property – a historical perspective. Institute of Comparative Law in collaboration with Department of Law of the University of Naples “Federico II”, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56461/zr_24.ccp.12.
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This paper aims to explore to what extent “property”, as an ECtHR autonomous concept, includes the collective dimensions of property rights, as well as to systematize different collective dimensions of the right to property as addressed in the ECtHR case law. The underlying hypothesis of the paper, which was confirmed by research, is that the ECtHR failed to sufficiently elaborate on the collective dimensions of the right to property due to the causes that are not linked to cultural relativist arguments but to the ECtHR general approach of giving deference in examining domestic law pertaining to all the aspects of the right of property under Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the ECHR. Firstly, the key standards for protecting the right to property as developed through the ECtHR caselaw will be briefly presented. After that, selected ECtHR case-law on the collective dimension of the propriety rights of indigenous peoples and the caselaw on the restitution afforded in cases of denationalization will be examined to assess whether they diverge from the general protection of the right to property afforded by the ECtHR. The normative-legal method to analyze the case law of the ECtHR in terms of the protection it afforded to collective dimensions of the property right will be predominantly utilized.
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Sellberg, Charlott, Gesa Praetorius, and Markus Nivala. "Eye-tracking in simulator training and assessment: A semi-structured meta-review." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002416.
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The potential for using eye-tracking as quantitative and objective tools for training and assessment has gained substantial attention across domain with high standards for safety [1]. The aim of this study is to synthesize results from previous reviews on eye-tracking support in training and assessment for work in complex socio-technical domains. In particular, the objective is to map out a) how eye-tracking is currently used in training and assessment, and b) the barriers and benefits of using eye-tracking reported in the literature. To answer the research questions, this study is designed as a meta-review, that is, a review of previous reviews or meta-analyses [2]. Since this study takes on broad re-search questions and aims to include different types of methodological contributions from various field to synthesize the state of knowledge between disciplines, a semi-structured review approach is chosen. Semi-structured approaches are suitable for mapping a field of research and synthesize the state of knowledge to set an agenda for future studies [3]. The approach takes on systematic search strategies but often lack the level of scientific rigour of systematic or scoping reviews. What is considered important for the semi-structured review method is a transparent and developed research strategy for the audi-ence to determine the worth and value of the chosen topic, method used and findings from the study [3]. In accordance with best practices, the study design is guided by the PRISMA-protocol for systematic reviews [4]. A search for literature was conducted in February 2021. Advanced search options for discriminating type of articles (reviews) and timespan (2010-2021) were used on three databases: Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct. Using search words “eye tracking”, “simulator”, “training” and “assessment” when searching through article titles, abstracts and keywords, a total of 403 studies were identified. After removing duplicates, 373 studies were screened. Articles that didn’t meet the inclusion criteria or lacked an explicit focus on eye-tracking support in simulator training and/or assessment were excluded. In all, 20 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. After reading full-text, 12 studies remained and are included in the meta-review. The results show how eye-tracking most commonly is used for 1) summative assessment of technical skills, 2) formative assessment of non-technical skills, 3) identifying differences between novices and experts, and 4) capturing expert gaze patterns. The results show how eye-tracking is appreciated as an unobtrusive technology that enables a quantitative assessment of objective parameters. Hence, the promise of using eye-tracking for informing instructional design as well as for designing training systems and improve learning environments is clear. However, it is important to consider that implementing eye-tracking is a rather expensive and time-consuming endeavour that requires carefully designed tasks and task analyses to fulfil its potential. References1.Rosch, J. L., & Vogel-Walcutt, J. J. A review of eye-tracking applications as tools for training. Cogn. Technol. Work. 15(3), 313–327 (2013)2.Sarrami‐Foroushani, P., Travaglia, J., Debono, D., Clay‐Williams, R., & Braithwaite, J. Scoping meta‐review: introducing a new methodology. Clin. Transl. Sci. 8(1), 77–81 (2015)3.Snyder, H. Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. J. Bus. Res, 104, 333–339 (2019)4.Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., ... & Stewart, L. A. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst. Rev. 4(1), 1-9 (2015)
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Shabaldin, Andrey. "Constructing a Tester for Checking Student Protocol Implementations." In Spring/Summer Young Researchers' Colloquium on Software Engineering. Institute for System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/syrcose-2007-1-12.
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Browne, Emma, Siobhán Kavanagh, and Sinead Devery. "The Cytotoxicity of Phorbol 12- Myristate 13-Acetate and Lipopolysaccharide on THP-1 Cells and an Optimized Differentiation Protocol." In Biosystems in Toxicology and Pharmacology – Current Challenges. MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bitap-12785.
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Ruffini, Stefano, and Shane McKeown. ""Tight Sync" in Precision Time Protocol (PTP), Requirements and Impact at Optical Component Level." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2024.tu2a.1.
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Accurate time sync is required by various applications (e.g., 5G). This talk will go through the challenges in distributing accurate timing, including the impact to performance from some optical technologies, and options to verify performance of optical modules. Full-text article not available; see video presentation
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Holmberg, C., H. Bandos, A. Fagerlin, et al. "Abstract P6-10-01: Results from NRG oncology/NSABP protocol DMP-1: Women's decision-making in breast cancer risk reduction." In Abstracts: Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 8-12, 2015; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p6-10-01.
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Ferrag, Mohamed amine, Mehdi Nafa, and Salim Ghanemi. "OLSRBOOK: A PRIVACY-PRESERVING MOBILE SOCIAL NETWORK LEVERAGING ON SECURING THE OLSR ROUTING PROTOCOL." In eLSE 2012. Editura Universitara, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-12-113.
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Social networking mobile Ad Hoc have no centralized infrastructure, so it is difficult to provide authentication services. Much work is ongoing and no complete solution to secure mobile ad hoc networks against attack has been made to date. This problem remains a major problem facing today\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s researchers in the field of ad hoc networks. Through this article, we proposed a security scheme for mobile ad hoc social networks where OLSR is the routing protocol .We have chosen the OLSR routing protocol because it is the most widely used ad hoc community. In general the attacker can delete, modify, copy control messages to send false messages. Our scheme consists of detecting the type of attack, the checks and then ends with alert the nodes of mobile social network. These three elements is based on the addition of five messages \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Hreq , Hrep, HAlert, Probing and ACKprob\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" in the OLSR protocol. For the exchange of a package of Hreq , Hrep and HAlert ; and to provide authentication as well confidentiality. We have proposed the dual use of public key encryption; the message will be decrypted only by the true recipient and to ensure safe exchange of a package of Probing and ACKprob, we proposed an architecture through the use of RSA and MD5 to sign messages. The proposed solution is easy to deploy and requires no time synchronization or location information nor does it require any special equipment or complex calculation. The performance of this approach shows a high detection rate for all attacks against OLSR under various scenarios.
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Vlazneva, Nina Sergeevna, Nasima Ilyasovna Yakhina-Gimranova, and Maria Alexandrovna Kolotilina. "AUTOMATED LIBRARY SYSTEMS." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-9/12.
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The article discusses the concept of automated library systems, analyzes the areas of automation in this industry, identifies the main advantages of using automated library systems and features that must be taken into account when implementing automated library systems
Reports on the topic "Article 1 of Protocol 12"
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Luan, Sisi, Wenke Cheng, Chenglong Wang, Hongjian Gong, and Jianbo Zhou. Impact of glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs on cognitive function among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0015.
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Review question / Objective: Diabetes is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. Little is known regarding the neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Here, the study aim to assess the impact of GLP-1 on general cognition function among patients with T2DM. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) an original article was recently published in English, (2) the population included subjects diagnosed with diabetes at baseline, (3) GLP-1 analogs is a single formulation rather than a fixed dose combination, (4) GLP-1 analogs were compared with no GLP-1 use or placebo or self-control before treatment, (5) the duration of antidiabetic agent use was 12 weeks or more, and (6) it provided quantitative measures of general cognitive function assessed by MMSE or MoCA. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the publication was a review, case report, animal study, or letter to the editor, (2) the study did not clearly define clinical outcomes, (3) the authors could not provide valid data after being contacted, (4) duplicated data.
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Keating, Louise, Ailish Malone Name, Maire-Brid Casey, Ciaran Bolger, Dara Meldrum, and Catherine Doody. Conservative Primary Care Management for Recent Onset Cervical Radiculopathy – a Systematic Review & Meta-analysis Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0047.
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Review question / Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of conservative management available in primary care for adults with recent onset (less than 12 weeks) cervical radiculopathy. Conservative management will be compared to any available comparator i.e. no treatment, placebo or any treatment. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria – trials (as defined in item 15) investigating any conservative management (e.g. exercise, advice, manual therapy, traction, acupuncture, pharmacology etc), involving adults with single level CR (as defined in item 10) of any aetiology, with symptom duration of 12 weeks or less, and including 1 or more of the following outcomes i.e. pain, disability, overall improvement or satisfaction with intervention, quality of life or participation restriction. Exclusion criteria – full text not available, not a randomised controlled trial, trials not involving CR (e.g. cervicobrachial pain, neck pain only), trials involving chronic CR, multilevel or bilateral CR (polyradiculopathy) or radiculomyelopathy, major or systemic pathology, post-surgery interventions, trials of surgery or spinal injection only, or involving a paediatric population or not in English language.
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Blanken, Annelies, Bafrin Abdulmajid, Eva van Geel, Joost Daams, Martin van der Esch, and Michael Nurmohamed. Effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibiting treatment on arterial stiffness and arterial wall thickness in rheumatoid arthritis patients: protocol for a systematic review and planned meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0131.
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Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect of TNF inhibiting treatment on arterial stiffness (as measured with pulse wave velocity and augmentation index) and arterial wall thickness (as measured with carotid intima media thickness) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Condition being studied: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder, which affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Information sources: The following electronic databases will be searched for potentially eligible studies: EMBASE, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. For the studies identified as eligible for inclusion, similarity tracking will be used to identify more potentially relevant articles with the ‘related article’ feature in PubMed. In addition, a citation search will be performed for included studies to identify articles that have cited them. Reference lists of the included studies and previous reviews on the subject will be searched for potentially relevant studies. ResearchGate profiles of top authors on the subject will be investigated to identify potentially relevant data points. For ongoing or finished studies that are potentially eligible, but without a publication, study authors will be contacted for information. When additional information is needed, study authors will be contacted as well.
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MacFarland, Jennifer, and Jennifer MacFarland. Carlsbad Caverns National Park southwestern willow flycatcher surveys and intensive point count surveys at Rattlesnake Springs, 2022 and 2023: Final report. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2306229.
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In 2022, Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Surveys and Intensive 10-minute Point Count Surveys for all bird species were conducted on July 6, 2022, and July 12, 2022 in Rattlesnake Springs area within Carlsbad Caverns National Park and The Nature Conservancy?s Rattlesnake Springs Preserve. Two Tucson Audubon staff members conducted these surveys and are both permitted by USFWS to conduct the official USFWS Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Survey Protocol. One hundred sixty-five Southwestern Willow Flycatcher call-back protocol point counts were conducted with zero detections. The Arizona Important Bird Areas Intensive Point Count Protocol for 10-minute surveys for all bird species detected a total of 31 species with 8 additional species detected by surveyors between point counts. In 2023, USFWS Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Surveys and Intensive 10-minute Point Count Surveys for all bird species were conducted on May 15, June 5, June 13, June 27, and July 10, 2023. Four Tucson Audubon staff members conducted these surveys, and all were permitted by USFWS to conduct the official USFWS Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Survey Protocol. Five hundred nineteen Southwestern Willow Flycatcher call-back protocol point counts were conducted with positive detections on June 5, 2023 (one bird), June 13, 2023 (two birds, likely pair), and June 27, 2023 (three birds, 1 pair and a single). The all-species 10-minute Intensive Point Count Protocol detected a total of 58 species with 3 additional species detected by surveyors between point counts.
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Salerno, Ivanna Laura, and Claudio Dachevsky. Evaluation of 80 mg/ml calcium hydroxyapatite in the treatment of nasolabial folds. Analysis of durability, safety, and efficacy at 12 months. Edited by María Fernanda Cristoforetti. Lugones Editorial, 2025. https://doi.org/10.47196/0596.
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Introduction: skin aging involves collagen fragmentation, which affects the extracellular matrix and accelerates deterioration. Photoaging, caused by ultraviolet radiation, motivates patients to seek corrective treatments. Calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) is a biocompatible filler that stimulates collagen production and provides safe and long-lasting results with a low complication rate. Correction of the nasolabial fold (NLF) is key to facial aesthetics, and CaHA has been shown to be effective in improving appearance and rejuvenating the face. Objectives: demonstrate the efficacy and safety of Cientific Permanent Facial Implant II® (CaHA 80 mg/ml) for the correction of mild to moderate NLF. Materials and methods: a multicenter, prospective, open-label, longitudinal clinical study included 122 patients of both sexes (35–65 years old) with mild to moderate nasolabial folds (NLF). A maximum of 1 ml of CaHA filler was applied per fold, with the possibility of reapplication after 9 months in selected cases clinical parameters of efficacy, safety, and duration of effect were assessed using validated scales at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The Lemperle scale was used for the initial patient assessment, and improvements were also assessed using this scale and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and photographs of each follow-up. Results: the study confirmed the safety and efficacy of Cientific Permanent Facial Implant II® (CaHA 80 mg/ml) for the correction of NLF, with mild adverse events such as pain, erythema, edema and ecchymosis, all transient and resolved spontaneously. At 12 months, the majority of patients maintained satisfactory results, with a high rate of improvement according to the GAIS scale. Only two patients were evaluated outside the protocol for asymmetries, and only one required correction. All participants attended the established follow-up visits, demonstrating adherence to the study and stability of the treatment. Conclusions: Cientific Permanent Facial Implant II® (CaHA 80 mg/ml) was shown to be an effective and safe treatment for the correction of mild to moderate NLF. Reapplication after 9 months optimizes the duration of the effect in certain patients.
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Ward, Kimiora. Sierra Nevada Network white pine monitoring: 2022 annual report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301003.
Full textAbstract:
Five-needle white pines (Family Pinaceae, Genus Pinus, Subgenus Strobus), and in particular whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), limber pine (P. flexilis), and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana) are foundation species in upper subalpine and treeline forests of several National Park Service Pacific West Region parks, including Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The Sierra Nevada Network Inventory & Monitoring Program, in collaboration with the Klamath Network, Upper Columbia Basin Network, and Mojave Desert Network have implemented a joint long-term monitoring protocol to assess the current status and future trends in high elevation white pine communities. Key demographic parameters within white pine forest communities will be estimated by monitoring individual trees within permanent plots through time. This report documents the results of the 2022 field season, which was the ninth year of monitoring in SEKI and YOSE. The 2021 goal was to complete the first full measure of the third of three rotating panels (Panel 3) for each species-park population: YOSE-whitebark pine, SEKI-whitebark pine, and SEKI-foxtail pine. Each panel consists of 12 permanent 50 x 50 m (2,500 m2) plots that were randomly selected for each of the three populations. The full sampling array thus includes a total of 36 whitebark pine plots in YOSE, 36 whitebark pine plots in SEKI, and 36 foxtail pine plots in SEKI. Data from plot surveys will be used to characterize white pine forest community dynamics in SEKI and YOSE, including changes in tree species composition, forest structure, forest health, and demographics. Partial measures of Panel 3 were completed in 2017 (11 plots) in Yosemite whitebark pine, in 2017 (9 plots) in SEKI whitebark pine, and in 2014 (7 plots) and 2017-2018 (8, 1 plots) in foxtail pine. In 2022, the first full measure of all Panel 3 plots (and 2nd or 3rd remeasure of most plots) was successfully completed, and installation was completed on four of these plots in SEKI whitebark pine and two in foxtail pine. In total, the crew visited 36 sites during the 2022 field season, all from Panel 3. Within the 36 completed Panel 1 plots, a total of 6,398 trees were measured. Species composition, forest structure, and factors affecting tree health and reproduction including incidence and severity of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) infection, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestation, dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.) infection, canopy kill, and female cone production were recorded. During the 2022 field season crews continued to count the total number of mature cones per tree for whitebark and foxtail pine, use crown condition codes to assess crown health, and tag individual seedlings to be tracked through time. All three of these procedures started in 2017 and are to be evaluated by each of the three participating networks over several years, to determine whether they should become permanent changes to the monitoring protocol. In YOSE, all 12 Panel 3 whitebark pine plots were measured. A total of 2,720 trees were sampled, which included 977 live whitebark pine trees and 1,605 other live conifers. An additional 135 trees (including 26 whitebark) were recorded as dead. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 81 (SD = 94). White pine blister rust (WPBR) aecia were observed on five whitebark pine in one plot in YOSE in 2022, and no trees in any plot had inactive cankers showing three or more indicators of WPBR. WPBR had previously been documented in this plot, so the number of plots where rust has ever been observed in Yosemite remains unchanged at six. However, an infection documented in plot 42 in 2021 was not observed again when the plot was resampled in 2022, so it is possible this number should be five. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed on one live whitebark pine and three live and one dead lodgepole pine in YOSE in 2022. Despite documentation of many stands impacted by beetle attack in the field crew notes, the quantified rate of MPB attack was lower than in 2021. Twenty-one percent of live whitebark pine trees produced female cones. Cone-bearing trees averaged 7 (SD = 10) cones/tree. Whitebark pine seedling density averaged 80 (SD = 152) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark pine seedlings found in a plot was 51 and five of the twelve plots contained whitebark seedlings. All 12 Panel 3 SEKI whitebark pine plots were measured in 2022, and installation was completed on four of these, so this Panel is now fully installed. Within these plots, 2,179 live whitebark pine, 10 live foxtail pine, and 297 other live conifers were sampled (including 5 live western white pine). The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 181 (SD = 125). Although the crew observed white pine blister rust in seven SEKI whitebark Panel 3 plots, no active cankers (aecia) were observed, and no trees displayed 3 of 5 indicators, so no infections were quantified. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed in 18 live and 23 dead whitebark pine and 1 live and one dead lodgepole pine within three plots in SEKI. Dwarf mistletoe was not encountered. Seven percent of live whitebark pine trees produced female cones. Cone-bearing trees averaged 3.7 (SD = 3.6) cones/tree. Whitebark seedling regeneration averaged 700 (SD = 752) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark seedlings found in a plot was 19, and two of the 12 plots did not contain any whitebark seedlings. In the foxtail pine Panel 3, all 12 plots were measured in 2022, and installation was completed on two of these, so installation of the panel is now complete. Within these plots we measured 309 live foxtail pine, 302 live whitebark pine, and 380 other live conifers, including four live western white pine. An additional 112 dead or recently dead trees and 22 unidentified snags were also measured, 19 of which were foxtail pine. The average number of foxtail pine trees per plot was 26 (SD = 26). No signs of blister rust infection or mistletoe were observed on foxtail pine. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed on one dead foxtail pine, one live whitebark pine, and seven live and one dead lodgepole pines within four plots. Sixty-two percent of the foxtail pine trees produced female cones. Cone-bearing trees averaged 33 (SD = 53) cones/tree. Seven foxtail pine seedlings were recorded within five plots, resulting in an estimated 72 (SD = 98) seedlings per hectare. Eight whitebark pine seedlings and three lodgepole pine seedlings were also found within three additional plots.
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Emmons, Gavin. Prairie and peregrine falcon occupancy and productivity monitoring at Pinnacles National Park: 2023 annual report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302448.
Full textAbstract:
Pinnacles National Park (?Pinnacles?) provides diverse habitats for numerous cliff-nesting raptors, including prairie falcons (Falco mexicanus) and peregrine falcons (F. peregrinus), as well as a spectacular array of summits and cliff-wall routes for rock-climbers. This monitoring program was established to determine long-term trends in the number of occupied territories and productivity of nesting prairie and peregrine falcons. The monitoring program grew out of a need to reduce potential disturbance that climbers and off-trail hikers may have on cliff-nesting raptors. The falcon monitoring program began with a pilot effort in 1984, and after two years of no monitoring efforts in 1985 and 1986, monitoring data have been collected annually from 1987 to the present. This report summarizes the results from the 2023 breeding season and represents the 38th year of monitoring at the park, consistent with the standardized methods and procedures detailed in the Prairie Falcon Monitoring Protocol for Pinnacles National Monument (Emmons et al. 2011). To monitor falcons, field technicians surveyed all potential nest sites three times per breeding season, with visits spaced 21 to 28 days apart. We revisited those nests determined to be active to confirm rearing of nestlings and fledging of young. In 2023, we conducted monitoring from 1 January 2023 until 9 July 2023, with a total of over 150 possible and active nest sites monitored during 870 observation hours. For prairie and peregrine falcons combined, we documented 14 territorial pairs this year, with 12 pairs actively nesting. Six nests successfully fledged 17 young; six nests failed. For prairie falcons specifically, we documented ten territorial pairs, with three nests successfully fledging 10 young. For peregrine falcons, we documented four territorial pairs, with three nests successfully fledging 7 young. Falcon fecundity for the 2023 season was notably lower compared to the 37-year average. The data from 38 years of falcon monitoring at Pinnacles suggest an apparent cyclic population pattern in annual prairie falcon productivity, supplemented by increased peregrine falcon breeding efforts in recent years (Appendix C).
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Ward, Kimiora. Sierra Nevada Network high elevation white pine monitoring: 2021 annual report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302327.
Full textAbstract:
Five-needle white pines (Family Pinaceae, Genus Pinus, Subgenus Strobus), and in particular whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), limber pine (P. flexilis), and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana) are foundation species in upper subalpine and treeline forests of several National Park Service Pacific West Region parks, including Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The Sierra Nevada Network Inventory & Monitoring Program, in collaboration with the Klamath Network, Upper Columbia Basin Network, and Mojave Desert Network have implemented a joint long-term monitoring protocol to assess the current status and future trends in high elevation white pine communities. Key demographic parameters within white pine forest communities will be estimated by monitoring individual trees within permanent plots through time. This report documents the results of the 2021 field season, which was the eighth year of monitoring in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The 2021 goal was to complete the third full re-measure of the second of three rotating panels (Panel 2) for each species-park population: YOSE-whitebark pine, SEKI-whitebark pine, and SEKI-foxtail pine. Each panel consists of 12 permanent 50 x 50 m (2,500 m2) plots that were randomly selected for each of the three populations. The full sampling array thus includes a total of 36 whitebark pine plots in YOSE, 36 whitebark pine plots in SEKI, and 36 foxtail pine plots in SEKI. Data from plot surveys will be used to characterize white pine forest community dynamics in SEKI and YOSE, including changes in tree species composition, forest structure, forest health, and demographics. The first full measure of all Panel 2 plots was completed over two years in 2013-2014, then a full remeasure of both parks? whitebark pine Panel 2 was conducted in 2016, with 10 of 12 SEKI-foxtail plots sampled that year. A third remeasure of all Panel 2 plots was not possible in 2021 because a smaller crew size was necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, the crew visited 37 sites, and sampled 31, during the 2021 field season. One plot in the YOSE whitebark pine frame was uninstalled before reading and one plot in the SEKI whitebark pine frame was uninstalled after reading, both for safety concerns. Four plots were not visited due to lack of capacity with the reduced crew size: one in each of the YOSE and SEKI whitebark frames, and three in the SEKI foxtail frame. A plot from Panel 3 in each of the parks? whitebark frames was measured, for a total of 11 plots measured in each whitebark pine frame. Nine plots were measured in the SEKI foxtail pine frame. Within the 31 plots completed, a total of 5,728 trees was measured. Species composition, forest structure, and factors affecting tree health and reproduction, including incidence and severity of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) infection, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestation, dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.) infection, canopy kill, female cone production and regeneration were recorded. During the 2021 field season, crews continued to count the total number of mature cones per tree for whitebark and foxtail pine, use crown condition codes to assess crown health, and tag individual seedlings to be tracked through time. All three of these procedures started in 2017 and are to be evaluated by each of the three participating networks over several years, to determine whether they should become permanent changes to the monitoring protocol. In YOSE, 11 whitebark pine plots were re-measured, from Panels 2 and 3. A total of 2,810 trees were sampled, which included 586 live whitebark pine trees and 2,097 other live conifers. An additional 127 trees (including 17 whitebark pine) were recorded as dead. The forest crew noted little sign of white pine blister rust (WPBR) in Yosemite in 2021, and just a single inactive canker was observed on one whitebark pine in Panel 3, Plot 42, near Dana Meadows. This infection was new to plot 42, and it expands the total number of plots where white pine blister rust has been documented in Yosemite to six. The crew also noted little mountain pine beetle activity, documenting beetle galleries on 15 lodgepole pines in three Panel 2 plots. Dwarf mistletoe was not observed. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 53 (SD = 56). This was a low cone crop year for whitebark pine, with two percent of live whitebark pine trees producing female cones. Cone bearing trees averaged 2 (SD = 1) cones per tree. Whitebark pine seedling density averaged 90 (SD = 157) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark pine seedlings found in a plot was four, and three of the eleven plots contained whitebark seedlings. In SEKI, 10 of 12 Panel 2, and one Panel 3, whitebark pine plots were re-measured. Within these plots, 1,246 live whitebark pine, 30 live foxtail pine, and 861 other live conifers were sampled. WPBR was infrequently documented in the SEKI whitebark frame as well, with indicators of infection in Plot 31 near Window Creek and Plot 44 near Upper State Lake. These were the first infections documented in these plots, bringing the number of plots where WPBR has been documented in the SEKI whitebark panel to nine. Although WPBR was documented in Plot 27 near Charlotte Dome in 2016, it was not documented this year because putative cankers showing three signs of infection in 2016 showed only two or fewer signs in 2021. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed in one live lodgepole pine and two recently dead whitebark pine, within three plots in the SEKI whitebark sample frame. An exception to the low levels of mountain pine beetle activity was outside Plot 31 in the Window Creek area, where the forest crew noted many recently dead whitebark pine with signs of beetle activity. Dwarf mistletoe was not encountered. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 113 (SD = 86). Less than one percent of live whitebark pine trees produced female cones, each producing on average 2 (SD = 1) cones. Whitebark seedling regeneration averaged 303 (SD = 319) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark seedlings found in a plot was eight, and eight of the 11 plots contained whitebark seedlings. Nine of the 12 SEKI foxtail Panel 3 plots were remeasured. Within these plots, 413 live foxtail pine, 67 live whitebark pine, and 402 other live conifers were sampled. Ninety-two dead or recently dead trees were also documented, 65 of which were foxtail pine. No signs of blister rust infection, mistletoe, or mountain pine beetle were observed in the foxtail plots sampled. The average number of foxtail pine trees per plot was 46 (SD = 33). Fifty-four percent of the foxtail pine trees produced female cones, averaging 14 (SD =15) cones/tree. Only one foxtail pine seedling was recorded within the 9 foxtail pine plots, resulting in an estimated 14 (SD = 41) seedlings per hectare. Eight whitebark pine seedlings were also found within two plots.
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Schiller, Brandon, Tara Hutchinson, and Kelly Cobeen. Cripple Wall Small-Component Test Program: Wet Specimens II (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ldbn4070.
Full textAbstract:
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 4 (WG4): Testing, whose central focus was to experimentally investigate the seismic performance of retrofitted and existing cripple walls. This report focuses stucco or “wet” exterior finishes. Paralleled by a large-component test program conducted at the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) [Cobeen et al. 2020], the present study involves two of multiple phases of small-component tests conducted at the University of California San Diego (UC San Diego). Details representative of era-specific construction, specifically the most vulnerable pre-1960s construction, are of predominant focus in the present effort. Parameters examined are cripple wall height, finish style, gravity load, boundary conditions, anchorage, and deterioration. This report addresses the third phase of testing, which consisted of eight specimens, as well as half of the fourth phase of testing, which consisted of six specimens where three will be discussed. Although conducted in different phases, their results are combined here to co-locate observations regarding the behavior of the second phase the wet (stucco) finished specimens. The results of first phase of wet specimen tests were presented in Schiller et al. [2020(a)]. Experiments involved imposition of combined vertical loading and quasi-static reversed cyclic lateral load onto ten cripple walls of 12 ft long and 2 or 6 ft high. One cripple wall was tested with a monotonic loading protocol. All specimens in this report were constructed with the same boundary conditions on the top and corners of the walls as well as being tested with the same vertical load. Parameters addressed in this report include: wet exterior finishes (stucco over framing, stucco over horizontal lumber sheathing, and stucco over diagonal lumber sheathing), cripple wall height, loading protocol, anchorage condition, boundary condition at the bottom of the walls, and the retrofitted condition. Details of the test specimens, testing protocol, including instrumentation; and measured as well as physical observations are summarized in this report. Companion reports present phases of the tests considering, amongst other variables, impacts of various boundary conditions, stucco (wet) and non-stucco (dry) finishes, vertical load, cripple wall height, and anchorage condition. Results from these experiments are intended to support advancement of numerical modeling tools, which ultimately will inform seismic loss models capable of quantifying the reduction of loss achieved by applying state-of-practice retrofit methods as identified in FEMA P-1100,Vulnerability-Base Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of One- and Two-Family Dwellings.
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Browdy, Craig, and Esther Lubzens. Cryopreservation of Penaeid Shrimp Embryos: Development of a Germplasm Cryo-Bank for Preservation of High Health and Genetically Improved Stocks. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695849.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The objectives of the project were to develop a successful protocol for cryopreservation of penaeid germ plasm in order to preserve a pathogen-free broodstock nucleus for commercial exploitation of marine shrimp in aquaculture. The critical parameters to be characterized in the project were: 1. Determination of chill sensitivity and chill tolerant embryonic stages, including a full description and time course study of embryonic developmental stages. 2. Development of protocols for loading and removal of cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) from embryos; determination of optimal concentrations and duration of loading. 3. Characterization of the toxicity of the selected CP As and 4. Establishing optimal cooling and thawing procedures. Studies were performed on two penaeid species: Litopenaeus vannamei (in the USA) and P. semisulcatus (in Israel). The effect of incubation temperature on embryonic development rate and hatching success was studied in L. vannamei, showing that spawns maybe maintained at temperatures ranging from 24°C to 30°C, without compromising hatchability. Embryonic development extends from 12 hr to 19 hr at 30°C and 24°C, respectively. Studies showed that advanced embryonic developmental stages were chill tolerant in the two studied species, but P. semisulcatus could better endure lower temperatures than L. vannamei. A large number of experiments were performed to determine the optimal CP As, their concentration and duration of loading. Permeating (e.g. glycerol, methanol, DMSO, 1,2- propanediol, ethylene glycol, glucose) and non-permeating CPAs (sucrose, PVP, polyethylene glycol) were tested and several combinations of permeating and non-permeating CP As, on fertilized eggs (embryos), nauplii and protozoeae. In general, nauplii tolerated higher CPA concentrations than eggs and nauplii were also more permeable to radiolabeled methanol. Chlorine treatment intended to remove the chitinous envelop from eggs, did not increase dramatically the permeation of radiolabled methanol into eggs. Cooling eggs, nauplii or protozoeae to cryogenic temperatures, by either vitrification or slow cooling protocols, did not result in full survival of thawed samples, despite exhaustive attempts testing various protocols and CP As. Results seemed more encouraging in freezing of nauplii in comparison to eggs or protozoeae. Successful preliminary results in cryopreservation of spermatozoa of P. vannamei, will facilitate preservation of genetic specific to some extent.