Academic literature on the topic 'Article 11-13'

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Journal articles on the topic "Article 11-13"

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Cajudo Orillaza, Faith. "Debtor’s and creditor’s stronghold: Bankruptcy chapter 7, 11 & 13." Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 1 (2019): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar201931fco.

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Bankruptcy law is created to protect debtors from the hands of creditors. This law ensures creditors repay loans by engaging in a particular process. The United States Congress has enacted a decree governing bankruptcy in the form of the Bankruptcy Code. The different types of bankruptcy will be referred to in this article by their chapters: Chapter 7, 11 and 13 (Justia, 2019). This article will identify the differences between these three chapters, their objectives, as well as the advantages and repercussions of each. Further, the non-dischargeable debts, recommendable actions for the filers, numbers of petitioners who have undergone bankruptcy cases, the financial ratio of the petitioners, the common denominator on the filers, and the methodology performed by the chief executive officer (CEO) of the four companies, Coldwater Creek, Kmart, SEARS and Toys “R” Us, will be analyzed. Additionally, the design and methodology for reviving each company that were implemented and applied by each CEO will be examined, and the reasons they were proven ineffective will be offered. By investing more, borrowing can become essential and, liabilities can grow beyond what could be repaid. This results in the filing of bankruptcy for protection from creditors.
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Barclay, L. Ross C., Jennifer K. Grandy, Heather D. MacKinnon, Heather C. Nichol, and Melinda R. Vinqvist. "Article." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 12 (1998): 1805–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-209.

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3,5-Di-tert-butyl-ortho-quinone, 6, and 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-propanone, 7, models for oxidized lignin and for lignin, were used as sensitizers of photo-oxidation. Product studies by HPLC from oxidation of methyl linoleate in solution sensitized by 6 or 7, and in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sensitized by 6, showed a product distribution of six hydroperoxides, the four conjugated 9- and 13-hydroperoxides of the geometrical isomers: trans-10, cis-12 (2), cis-9, trans-11 (3), trans-10, trans-12 (4), and trans-9, trans-11 (5)-octadecadienoates plus two nonconjugated hydroperoxides. The higher cis/trans to trans/trans (ct/tt) of geometrical isomers (2 + 3//4 + 5) compared to ct/tt from known thermal free-radical peroxidations (Type 1) indicate that singlet oxygen (Type 2) oxidation occurs in reactions sensitized by 6 or 7. Kinetic studies by oxygen uptake are reported on oxidations of hydrocarbons 1-phenyl-2-methylpropene,8, and trans-stilbene,9, sensitized by the quinone, 6, or by a dye, Rose Bengal. Quenching studies imply singlet oxygen reactions. Milled wood lignin undergoes self-initiated photo-oxidation in water, and oxygen uptake was quenched by sodium azide. Cellobiose, a cellulose model, undergoes sensitized photo-oxidation using model quinone, 6, in a mixture of tert-butyl alcohol and water or using the sensitizers benzophenone or the lignin model, 7, delivered on a solid support, silica gel, and these oxidations were quenched with sodium azide. These results implicate singlet oxygen in the photo-yellowing of high lignin content wood pulps.Key words: lignin models, ortho-quinone, photo-oxidation, singlet oxygen, lignin, cellobiose.
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Makujina, John. "T. B. Dozeman’s Revision of Exod 2:11-13: A Critique." Vetus Testamentum 62, no. 3 (2012): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853312x637703.

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Abstract This article challenges two planks of T. B. Dozeman’s interpretation of Exod 2:11-13: (1) the Egyptian whom Moses slew, first killed the Hebrew; (2) in the following scene, one Hebrew murdered the other.
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den Bogaert, Sina Van. "ECHR Rules on Illegal Ban of Warsaw Equality Parade: The Case ofBączkowski and Others v. Poland." German Law Journal 8, no. 9 (2007): 889–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200006039.

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On 3 May 2007, the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg (hereinafter “the Court”) rendered a judgment in the caseBączkowski and Others v. PolandThe Court stated that Poland violated Article 11 (freedom of association and assembly), Article 13 (right to an effective remedy) in conjunction with Article 11 and Article 14 (prohibition of discrimination) in conjunction with Article 11 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
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Jeong, Donghyun. "Wrapping It Up Like Paul." Novum Testamentum 63, no. 1 (2020): 63–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341683.

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Abstract The peculiarity of 2 Corinthians 13:11–13 has been noticed by scholars since the eighteenth century, but suggestions about the passage have often briefly made without a thorough textual examination. Employing several types of evidence used for identifying interpolations, this article will demonstrate that the letter closing of 2 Corinthians (13:11–13) has three distinctive characteristics. Independently, these are not definite evidence, but their cumulative weight increases the possibility that this ending was created by a redactor.
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Wongrith, Paleeratana. "CORRIGENDUM: Predicting diabetic self-care management based on the theory of planned behavior among elderly with type 2 diabetes in Thailand (Diabetes Mellitus.2019;22(3). DOI: 10.14341/dm10290)." Diabetes mellitus 22, no. 5 (2020): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/dm12113.

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A corrigendum on Predicting diabetic self-care management based on the theory of planned behavior among elderly with type 2 diabetes in Thailand by Paleeratana Wongrith (2019). Diabetes Mellitus. 22(4). doi: 10.14341/DM10290There are some errors on the page 368: source [11] should be replaced by [9], [12] [11], [13] [12], [14] [13], [15] [14].The author apologizes for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.The original article has been updated.
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Zipunnikova, Yulia N. "Procedural Consequences of Mistakes in Selection of a Judicial Proceedings Type and the Procedural Form: Post Factum Reflections." Arbitrazh-civil procedure 11 (October 29, 2020): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-383x-2020-11-11-13.

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The article is devoted to changes in procedural legislation in relation to the procedural consequences of the wrong choice of the type of proceedings and the impact of such changes on the understanding of the procedural form.
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Horner, Jeffrey M. "Leading like a fool: an evaluation of Paul’s foolishness in 2 Corinthians 11:16-12:13." Perichoresis 16, no. 3 (2018): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/perc-2018-0015.

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Abstract The apostle Paul employed many techniques that demonstrated his leadership. One of the most understated instances of that is in his ‘Fool’s Speech’ in 2 Corinthians 11:16- 12:13. Paul flaunted his rhetorical skills in calling attention to his own shortcomings, in lampooning his opponents, and in revealing the source of his assurance for foolishness. This article evaluates Paul’s rhetorical masterpiece calling the Corinthians to humble submission to his apostleship by synthesizing the work of both Jennifer Glancy and Lawrence Welborn with Don Howell. [All Scriptural quotes are taken from the New American Standard Bible © 1977]
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Vaudelin, C. Zhoselin. "Transport Policy of France in the Context of Ecological Problems." RUDN Journal of Political Science, no. 3 (December 15, 2016): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2016-3-87-96.

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This article has the objective of studying the French transport policy in the wave of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference. This article describes the link between transport and climate, and try to determinate the changes in terms of security after the 13/11 attacks.
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Sarokhani, Diana, Mandana Sarokhani, Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, and Moloud Fakhri. "Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian students: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 33, no. 4 (2020): 453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2019-0474.

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AbstractBackgroundObesity and overweight are among the most common and serious health issues in many countries, leading to numerous medical consequences such as heart disease, hypertension, fatty liver etc. This review article addressed the prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian students by using meta-analysis.MethodsA number of domestic and international databases were searched, including IranMedex, Magiran, SID, Scopus, PubMed, IranDoc, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Eligible publications were 160 articles that addressed the prevalence of obesity or overweight. Data were combined using random effects model. Heterogeneity of the studies was examined by Q statistics and the I2 index. Data were analyzed using STATA version 11.1.ResultsIn the 160 reviewed studies, a total of 481,070 individuals (6–20 years) were included. The prevalence of obesity among Iranian students based on body mass index (BMI) was 11% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10%–12%) (in girls 8% [95% CI: 7%–10%] and in boys 11% [95% CI: 10%–13%]). The prevalence of overweight in students based on BMI was 12% (95% CI: 12%–13%) (in girls 13% [95% CI: 11%–14%] and in boys 11% [95% CI: 18%–30%]). The rate of obesity was 13% (95% CI: 11%–16%) in elementary school students, 10% (95% CI: 7%–14%) in secondary school students and 7% (95% CI: 6%–9%) in high school students.ConclusionsThe prevalence rate of overweight was more than that of obesity with a 1% difference. The prevalence of obesity was higher in boys, while the prevalence of overweight was higher in girls. The prevalence of obesity was higher in primary school students than in secondary school students. This prevalence was higher in secondary school students than in high school students.
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Books on the topic "Article 11-13"

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World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: Guidelines for implementation article 5.3, article 8, articles 9 and 10, article 11, article 12, article 13, article 14 . 2nd ed. World Health Organization, 2011.

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World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: Guidelines for implementation : Article 5.3, Article 8, Article 11, Article 13. World Health Organization, 2009.

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Maryland. Sales and use tax admissions and amusement tax laws and regulations: Tax General-Article, Titles 1, 4, 11, and 13, Annotated code of Maryland : Code of Maryland regulations, COMAR 03.01.01, 03.01.03, 03.06.01, 03.06.02, and 03.06.03. 2nd ed. M. Bender, 2000.

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Maryland. Sales and use tax, admissions and amusement tax, laws and regulations: Tax General-Article, Titles 1, 4, 11, and 13, Annotated code of Maryland, Code of Maryland regulations : COMAR 03.01.01, 03.01.03, 03.01.04, 03.05.01, 03.05.02, 03.06.01, 03.06.02, and 03.06.03. 2nd ed. LexisNexis, 2007.

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Maryland. Sales and use tax, admissions and amusement tax, laws and regulations: Tax General-Article, Titles 1, 4, 11, and 13, Annotated code of Maryland, Code of Maryland regulations : COMAR 03.01.01, 03.01.03, 03.01.04, 03.05.01, 03.05.02, 03.06.01, 03.06.02, and 03.06.03. 2nd ed. LexisNexis, 2004.

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Alexandra, Xanthaki. Part III Rights to Culture, Ch.10 Culture: Articles 11(1), 12, 13(1), 15, and 34. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673223.003.0011.

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This chapter examines the rights to culture in Articles 11(1), 12, 13(1), and 34. The freedom of indigenous peoples to have their indigenous identities and cultures respected has been the main incentive for their struggle and one of the main reasons for the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). The recognition of indigenous cultural rights is deeply rooted in the principle of respect of the diversity and richness of their identities, the end of historical injustices committed against them, and the principle of self-determination, all of which are incorporated in the preamble of the Declaration. Unfortunately, patterns of expropriation of indigenous religious and cultural objects and neglect, even destruction of indigenous cultural manifestations, still continue. In addition, new waves of tourism beyond ‘the beaten truck’ commodify important indigenous historical and archaeological sites. It is therefore of no surprise that the protection of culture is so important in the whole text of the Declaration.
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Amendments to Articles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 22 and the Annex of the European Agreement Concerning the Work of Crews of ... 1970 (Cm.: Treaty Series: 1996: 3042: No. 1). Stationery Office Books, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Article 11-13"

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"Writing requirements: Article 11-13." In The Draft UNCITRAL Digest and Beyond. Sellier de Gruyter, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783866537309.2.206.

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Jianlong, Yu, and Cao Lijun. "6 Commencement of the Arbitration and Written Submissions: (Articles 11 to 13, 15 to 17, and 20 to 22)." In A Guide to the CIETAC Arbitration Rules. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199671717.003.0006.

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This chapter analyses the provisions on the commencement of arbitration under the CIETAC Rules. It first examines the timing of commencement of arbitration (Article 11) and the CIETAC’s acceptance of a case filing (Article 13). Article 11 provides that the arbitral proceedings shall commence on the day on which the Arbitration Court receives a Request for Arbitration. The chapter then discusses the written submissions to be submitted by the parties—such as the Request for Arbitration, the Statement of Defense, and counterclaims (Articles 12, 15, and 16)—as well as a party’s right to amend its claim or counterclaim (Article 17), which are relevant to the initial stage of an arbitral procedure. It also provides practitioners with guidance on the logistical aspects of case filing and submissions, particularly the mode of submission, exchange of documents, and copies of documents to be submitted (Articles 20 and 21). Finally, the chapter examines a party’s right to legal representation (Article 22).
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Kosta, Eleni. "Article 7 Conditions for consent." In The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826491.003.0036.

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Article 4(11) (Definition of consent) (see too recitals 32 and 33 on consent for scientific research purposes); Article 6(1)(a) (Lawfulness of processing—consent) (see also recitals 40 and 42–43); Article 8 (Conditions applicable to child’s consent in relation to information society services); Article 9(2) (Processing of special categories of personal data—consent) (see too recital 50); Article 13(2)(c) (Information to be provided—withdrawal of consent); Article 14(2)(d) (Information to be provided—withdrawal of consent); Article 17(1)(b) (Right to erasure—withdrawal of consent) (see also recital 65); Article 18(2) (Right to restriction of processing); Article 20(1)(a) (Right to data portability) (see also recital 68); Article 22(2)(c) (Automated decisions and profiling) (see also recital 71); Article 49(1)(a) (Derogations for specific situations) (see also recital 111); Article 83 (General conditions for imposing administrative fines) (see also recitals 155 and 171).
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Polčák, Radim. "Article 12 Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject." In The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826491.003.0042.

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Article 11 (Processing which does not require identification); Article 13 (Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject) (see too recitals 60–62); Article 14 (Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject) (see too recital 61); Article 92 (Exercise of the delegation) (see too recital 166).
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Zanfir-Fortuna, Gabriela. "Article 15 Right of access by the data subject." In The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826491.003.0046.

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Article 5(1) (Principles of fairness, lawfulness and transparency) (see too recital 39); Article 11 (Processing which does not require identification) (see too recital 57); Article 12 (Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject) (see too recitals 58–59); Article 13 (Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject) (see too recital 60); Article 14 (Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject); Article 23 (Restrictions) (see too recital 73).
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Georgieva, Ludmila, and Christopher Kuner. "Article 9 Processing of special categories of personal data." In The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826491.003.0038.

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Article 4(1) (Definition of personal data); Article 4(2) (Definition of processing); Article 4(11) (Definition of consent); Article 4(13) (Definition of genetic data, see also recital 34); Article 4(14) (Definition of biometric data); Article 4(15) (Definition of data concerning health, see also recital 35); Article 6(4)(c) (Lawfulness of processing, compatibility test) (see too recital 46 on vital interest); Article 13(2)(c) (Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject); Article 17(1)(b), (3)(c) (Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’)); Article 20(1)(a) (Right to data portability); Article 22(4) (Automated individual decision-making, including profiling); Article 27(2)(a) (Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union); Article 30(5) (Records of processing activities); Article 35(3)(b) (Data protection impact assessment) (see too recital 91); Article 37(1)(c) (Designation of the data protection officer) (see too recital 97); Article 83(5)(a) (General conditions for imposing administrative fines).
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Viscasillas, Pilar Perales. "Articles 11–13." In UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). Nomos, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845266398-184.

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Rainey, Bernadette, Elizabeth Wicks, and Andclare Ovey. "20. Protection of Property." In Jacobs, White, and Ovey: The European Convention on Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198767749.003.0020.

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This chapter examines protection of the right to property in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). It discusses the provisions of Article 1 of Protocol 1 and explains that all the provisions of the Convention, including Articles 13 to 18, apply equally to the rights guaranteed by the First Protocol. The chapter also suggests that the Strasbourg Court has come to approach the protection of property rights using much the same methodology as it adopts in relation to complaints of violations of the rights protected by Articles 8 to 11. It examines the application of the right to property to issues such as restitution and rent control.
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Rainey, Bernadette, Pamela McCormick, and Clare Ovey. "20. Protection of Property." In Jacobs, White, and Ovey: The European Convention on Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198847137.003.0020.

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This chapter examines protection of the right to property in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). It discusses the provisions of Article 1 of Protocol 1 and explains that all the provisions of the Convention, including Articles 13 to 18, apply equally to the rights guaranteed by the First Protocol. The chapter also suggests that the Strasbourg Court has come to approach the protection of property rights using much the same methodology as it adopts in relation to complaints of violations of the rights protected by Articles 8 to 11. It examines the application of the right to property to issues such as rent control and restitution, especially focusing on cases arising from the transition of post-Soviet States to democracy, and cases arising from armed conflict.
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Kaj, Hobér. "9 Part III: Investment Promotion and Protection." In The Energy Charter Treaty. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199660995.003.0009.

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This chapter explores Part III of the Energy Charter Treaty, which sets forth the provisions on substantive protection of investments. Promotion and protection of investments are different things. Promotion of investment is concerned with attracting and permitting foreign investments. Protection of investment deals with the way in which investments must be treated, once they have been made. As a matter of policy, however, promotion and protection of investments are closely linked. That explains why the two concepts are addressed in one and the same article of the ECT: Article 10, which is entitled ‘Promotion, Protection and Treatment of Investments’. The chapter then describes the concept of fair and equitable treatment (FET). Article 11 of the ECT obliges Contracting Parties to treat key personnel of Investors in a fair way. Article 12 deals with loss of and damage to the property of Investors in situations where Article 13, concerning expropriation, is not applicable. Article 14 in essence creates a right for Investors to repatriate capital and earnings in a prompt and effective way. Article 15, a so-called subrogation clause, provides for the transfer of rights that a foreign investor may have in relation to the host State, if it has received compensation from its home state under an investment insurance or guarantee. Meanwhile, Article 16 addresses the situation when the ECT overlaps with other treaties. Lastly, Article 17 restricts the benefits of Part III of the ECT to certain categories of legal entities or Investments of Investors.
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Conference papers on the topic "Article 11-13"

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Fedorkiv, L. A. "Semantics and functions of the indefinite pronoun muta in the Khanty language." In General question of world science. L-Journal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-30-11-2020-13.

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Indefinite pronouns, like all pronouns, receive specific meanings in a coherent speech environment and serve as a means of actualizing communication. The functional-semantic features of the indefinite pronouns of the Khanty language were not the subject of special research. A single indefinite pronoun has its own functional-semantic potential. For the first time, the article discusses in detail the features of the functioning of the indefinite pronoun of mŏλti in the Kazym dialect of the Khanty language.
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Riyahi, Pouria, and Azim Eskandarian. "Analyzing Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials for Effective User Response Detection for Brain-Computer Interfaces." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65592.

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This article evaluates an M-order Adaptive Kalman filter analysis on Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs). This model is based on finding the original brain source signals from their combined observed EEG signals. At each time step, observed brain signals are filtered according to their ideal reference signals measured from 10, 11, 12 and 13 Hz LED stimuli. SSVEP response detection is based on maximum Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the brain source signals. In each test, the average system accuracy is calculated with and without overlapped time-windows along with system Information Transfer Rate (ITR). The overall system accuracy and ITR are showing promising level of SSVEP detection for future online BCI systems.
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Goncharov, Evgenii A., Kirill V. Arbuzov, and Natalya A. Bulygina. "CHANGE OF RADIATION PARAMETERS ALONG A LANDSCAPE PROFILE IN THE MAJDAN RIVER POOL OF THE ULLYANOVSK REGION." In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-11-13.

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The article presents the results of assessing the contribution of technogenic and terrigenic radionuclides to the formation of the dose rate of gamma radiation for geosystems of the small river basin.
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Moreno Giner, David, and Michal Manka. "Motorcycle Dynamic Models for Virtual Rider Design and Cornering Analysis." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86823.

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In this paper, three motorcycle models of increasing complexity are introduced. The first, and most simple, can be considered an extension of the model developed by Neil Getz in which the non-holonomic constraints have been removed to take into account the sideslip in tires. Also, this model can be viewed as an extension of the popular bicycle model, widely used in analyzing car dynamics. It has been extended with an additional degree of freedom essential to study motorcycle dynamics: the roll angle. Such a model, simple yet detailed enough, will be used as the basis in the development of a virtual rider. The second model is much more complex than the previous one. It includes the real geometry of the steering system and circular tire profiles which greatly increases the size of the equations. This is a multibody model of a complete rigid motorcycle (i.e. it has no suspensions) consisting of 4 bodies: rear wheel, main frame, fork and front wheel. The last model incorporates the front and rear suspensions together with all the features of its predecessor. It has 13 degrees of freedom, 11 of the mechanical system and 2 of the tire relaxation equations. It will be used as a full model for simulation and rider validation. The models presented in this article have been developed using Maple mathematical software which allows symbolic manipulation of equations. Thus, with this set of models, one can study in depth the phenomena that govern motorcycle dynamics since all the equations are available symbolically.
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Sances, Anthony, Srirangam Kumaresan, and Richard Clarke. "Biomechanical Analysis of Side Release and Top Release Seat Belt Buckles." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42711.

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Various articles suggest that the maximum release force for buckle according to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) 109 of 133 N is beyond the capability of a large percentage of our population [1, 2]. Inversion studies with a large male in a three-point production belt showed he could not open a side release buckle [3]. Numerous articles and patents reference the potential for entrapment of inverted occupants unable to release the seat belt buckle [4–11]. Various articles and patents discuss the problems associated with entrapment of individuals in fires, water or emergency situations or where the occupant is deprived of oxygen due to positional asphyxia [12]. While the use of seat belts has increased markedly over the years [13], investigations indicate that rollover accidents showed fatally injured occupants in their seats which were entrapped in their vehicle. The forces to release the buckles under full load of the inverted occupants were beyond the physical capacities of the occupants involved. Canadian motor vehicle safety standard 209 (CMVSS 209) requires that a buckle must release with a force of 133 N to the button with a restraining loop force of 666 N. About 80 % of driver’s could not release a buckle that requires 133 N of force on the button [1]. Females could exert about 80 N with their fingers when opening child restraint buckles [14]. Females were generally found to have about half the physical capacity to open buckles compared to males. The maximum buckle release force of 133 N is not found in literature. Dreyfuss in his book indicates various forces for females and males [15]. European standards require that latch plate be ejected, therefore side release buckles are not allowed.
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