Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Article 11 / Books

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Article 11.

Books on the topic 'Article 11'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 books for your research on the topic 'Article 11.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse books on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: Guidelines for implementation article 5.3, article 8, articles 9 and 10, article 11, article 12, article 13, article 14 . 2nd ed. World Health Organization, 2011.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: Guidelines for implementation : Article 5.3, Article 8, Article 11, Article 13. World Health Organization, 2009.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Sjåfjell, Beate, and Anja Wiesbrock. The greening of European business under EU law: Taking article 11 TFEU seriously. Routledge, 2015.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Margolis, Jonathan. [Article on the total eclipse of the sun in Cornwall, August 11 1999]. Associated Newspapers, 1998.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Castagnède, Bernard. La défiscalisation des investissements outre-mer: Article 22 de la loi no 86-824 du 11 juillet 1986. Presses universitaires de France, 1987.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Balthasar, Alexander, and Johannes W. Pichler. Open dialogue between EU institutions and citizens: Chances and challenges : proceedings of a series of workshops on article 11 (2) TEU in Brussels 2011/2012. Publication in Austria, Neuer Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, 2013.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Minnesota. Business and Community Development Division. Developing the hydrogen economy in Minnesota: Creating jobs and economic development through Minnesota-based renewable hydrogen resources : a report to the State Legislature pursuant to Minn. Laws, Chapter 11, Article 2, Section 19. The Division, 2004.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Essential articles 11: The articles you need on the issues that matter. Carel, 2008.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

commission, European. Measures taken pursuant to Council Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources: Summary of reports submitted to the Commission by member states under Article 11. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1998.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Maryland. Sales and use tax admissions and amusement tax laws and regulations: Tax General-Article, Titles 1, 4, 11, and 13, Annotated code of Maryland : Code of Maryland regulations, COMAR 03.01.01, 03.01.03, 03.06.01, 03.06.02, and 03.06.03. 2nd ed. M. Bender, 2000.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Maryland. Sales and use tax, admissions and amusement tax, laws and regulations: Tax General-Article, Titles 1, 4, 11, and 13, Annotated code of Maryland, Code of Maryland regulations : COMAR 03.01.01, 03.01.03, 03.01.04, 03.05.01, 03.05.02, 03.06.01, 03.06.02, and 03.06.03. 2nd ed. LexisNexis, 2007.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Maryland. Sales and use tax, admissions and amusement tax, laws and regulations: Tax General-Article, Titles 1, 4, 11, and 13, Annotated code of Maryland, Code of Maryland regulations : COMAR 03.01.01, 03.01.03, 03.01.04, 03.05.01, 03.05.02, 03.06.01, 03.06.02, and 03.06.03. 2nd ed. LexisNexis, 2004.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Constitution, United States Congress Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on the. Impeachment of Article III judges: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on S.J. Res. 11, S.J. Res. 232, and S.J. Res. 233, joint resolutions proposing amendments to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the impeachment of Article III judges, March 21, 1990. U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on the Constitution. Impeachment of Article III judges: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on S.J. Res. 11, S.J. Res. 232, and S.J. Res. 233, joint resolutions proposing amendments to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the impeachment of Article III judges, March 21, 1990. U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Sambănth Khmaer Jaṃrẏan niṅ Kārbārsiddhi Manuss. Land and housing rights in Cambodia parallel report 2009: Submitted to the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights concerning article 11 (1) right to adequate housing of the covenant on economic, social and cultural rights : for consideration at its 42nd sessions, 4-22 May 2009. LICADHO, 2009.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Stoyan, Robert. Management von Webprojekten: Führung, Projektplan, Vertrag ; mit Beiträgen zu IT, Branding, Webdesign und Recht ; mit 11 Tabellen. 2nd ed. Springer, 2007.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Italy. Codice tributario: Aggiornato fino alla Legge 11 novembre 1993, n. 447-G.U. n. 266 del 12 novembre 1993 : coordinato e annotato articolo per articolo. Finanze e lavoro, 1993.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Ronald, Reagan. Proposed agreement between the United States and Japan concerning peaceful uses of nuclear energy: Message from the President of the United States transmitting a proposed Agreement for Cooperation Between the Government of the United States and the Government of Japan Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, including an implementing agreement pursuant to Article 11 of the proposed agreement, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 2153(b). U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Ronald, Reagan. Proposed agreement between the United States and Japan concerning peaceful uses of nuclear energy: Message from the President of the United States transmitting a proposed Agreement for Cooperation Between the Government of the United States and the Government of Japan Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, including an implementing agreement pursuant to Article 11 of the proposed agreement, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 2153(b). U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Reagan, Ronald. Proposed agreement between the United States and Japan concerning peaceful uses of nuclear energy: Message from the President of the United States transmitting a proposed Agreement for Cooperation Between the Government of the United States and the Government of Japan Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, including an implementing agreement pursuant to Article 11 of the proposed agreement, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 2153(b). U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

(Region), Réunion. Complément d'informations relatif aux projets de décrets d'application de la Loi d'orientation pour l'outre-mer (articles 2, 5, 6, 11, 23 et 29). Région Réunion, Conseil régional, 2001.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Harry, Stroomer, ed. Études berbères V: Essais sur des variations dialectales et autres articles : actes du "5. Bayreuth-Frankfurt-Leidener Kolloquium zur Berberologie", Leiden, 8-11 octobre 2008. Köppe, 2010.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

nationale, Québec (Province) Assemblée. Proposition de modifications au règlement de l'Assemblée nationale: Prenant effet le mardi 11 mars 1997 et se terminant le mercredi 22 octobre 1997 : articles proposés. Assemblée nationale, 1997.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

International Congress of Napoleonic Studies (2nd 1999 Israel). Napoleon and the French in Egypt and the Holy Land, 1789-1801: Articles presented at the 2nd International Congress of Napoleonic Studies, Israel, July 4-11, 1999. Edited by Shmuelevitz Aryeh, Gichon Mordechai, Markham J. David, Mendelson David, ʻAmutah ha-Yiśreʼelit le-ḥeḳer Napoleʼon u-teḳufato., and International Napoleonic Society. Isis Press, 2002.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Symposium on the Future of Law Libraries (2005 Amelia Island, Fla.). The future of law libraries: Selected articles from a symposium on the impact of technology on law libraries and law classrooms of the future, March 10-11, 2005, Amelia Island, Florida. West, 2006.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

National Association of State Telecommunications Directors. Meeting. National Association of State Telecommunications Directors: 11th Annual Conference, Boston, Massachusetts, September 11-15, 1988 : a collection of presentations given at the 1988 NASTD Annual Conference plus other related technical articles. Published by the National Association of State Telecommunications Directors through the Council of State Governments, 1989.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Weissbrodt, David S. The right to a fair trail under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: [articles 8, 10 and 11 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights]. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2001.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Marsha A, Freeman, Chinkin Christine, and Rudolf Beate. Article 11. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fso/9780199565061.003.0013.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Martin F, Gusy, Hosking James M, and Schwarz Franz T. 11 Article 11—Replacement of an Arbitrator (Articles 10 and 11). Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199596843.003.0011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Roland, Bank. Part Two General Provisions, Article 11. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199542512.003.0028.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Martin F, Gusy, Hosking James M, and Schwarz Franz T. 10 Article 10—Replacement of an Arbitrator (Articles 10 and 11). Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199596843.003.0010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Stuart, Casey-Maslen, Clapham Andrew, Giacca Gilles, and Parker Sarah. Art.11 Diversion. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198723523.003.0015.

Full text

Abstract:

This chapter analyses Article 11 of the ATT. The article includes a series of obligations and commitments aimed at preventing, addressing, and comprehending the diversion of conventional arms, generally understood as delivery to an unauthorized end user or unauthorized use by an authorized end user. The commitments pertain to all states parties involved in the transfer of arms including exporting, importing, transit, and trans-shipment states, as well as those involved in any brokering activities relating to a proposed transfer. The obligations concern only the possible diversion of conventional arms covered under Article 2(1), not ammunition/munitions or parts and components. Co-operation and assistance, particularly information-sharing among states parties, are central to the provisions in Article 11, highlighting that the diversion of conventional arms is not something that states can prevent or address in isolation from each other.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Jones, Alison, and Brenda Sufrin. 11. Vertical Agreements. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198723424.003.0011.

Full text

Abstract:

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter, which discusses EU competition policy towards vertical agreements, begins by outlining the choices available to a supplier when deciding how best to market and sell its products or services to customers, and the impact that the competition rules may have on a supplier's choice. It then discusses the EU approach to vertical restraints; the application of Article 101(1) and Article 101(3) to vertical agreements; sub-contracting agreements; and the possible application of Article 102 to distribution agreements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Roland, Bank. Part Two General Provisions, Introduction to Article 11 Refugees at Sea. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199542512.003.0027.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Tobias, Stoll. Part III Rights to Culture, Ch.11 Intellectual Property and Technologies: Article 31. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673223.003.0012.

Full text

Abstract:

This chapter looks at the specific right to intellectual property and technologies in Article 31. Article 31 sets out a number of rights of indigenous peoples relating to their science, technology, and culture, and calls for State action in this regard, which is to be taken with the involvement of those peoples. The provision relates to three different subject matters, between which there obviously exists quite some overlap. It refers, first, to ‘cultural heritage, traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions’. Second, it refers to ‘intellectual property’ over such heritage, knowledge, and expressions, and third, to ‘manifestations of…sciences, technologies and cultures’ — representative examples of which find themselves included in an illustrative list. According to Article 31, with a view to each of these subject matters, indigenous peoples have a right to ‘maintain, control, protect and develop’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

William A, Schabas. Part 2 Jurisdiction, Admissibility, and Applicable Law: Compétence, Recevabilité, Et Droit Applicable, Art.11 Jurisdiction ratione temporis /Compétence ratione temporis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0014.

Full text

Abstract:

This chapter comments on Article 11 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article 11 states that the Court only has jurisdiction over crimes committed since its entry into force, that is, since July 1, 2002. Article 11(1) is related to articles 22 and 24, both of which also contemplate the temporal application of the Statute. In particular article 24(1), which specifies that ‘No person shall be criminally responsible under this Statute for conduct prior to the entry into force of the Statute’, essentially restates the norm expressed in article 11(1), although from the standpoint of individual criminal responsibility rather than jurisdiction ratione temporis. In the case of States that become party to the Statute subsequent to July 1, 2002, the Court may only exercise jurisdiction with respect to crimes committed since the date of entry into force for that State.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Michael W, Lodge. 11 The Deep Seabed. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198715481.003.0011.

Full text

Abstract:

The deep seabed is the part of the seabed that is beyond national jurisdiction and is referred to as ‘the Area’ in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC). This chapter discusses the legal regime of the deep seabed. It covers the legal status of the Area and its resources; the International Seabed Authority; the regulation of ‘activities in the Area’; commercial exploitation; reserved areas; sponsorship by states parties; dispute settlement; and responsibility of the International Seabed Authority under Article 82 (4) of the LOSC.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Keane, Adrian, and Paul McKeown. 11. Hearsay in criminal cases. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198811855.003.0011.

Full text

Abstract:

This chapter discusses the meaning of hearsay in criminal proceedings and the categories of hearsay admissible by statute in such proceedings. It considers the relationship between the hearsay provisions of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (the 2003 Act) and Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights as it relates to hearsay; the definition of hearsay and its admissibility under the 2003 Act, including admissibility under an inclusionary discretion (section 114(1)(d); and safeguards including provisions relating to the capability and credibility of absent witnesses the power to stop a case and the discretion to exclude. Also considered in this chapter are: expert reports; written statements under section 9 of the Criminal Justice Act 1967; and depositions of children and young persons under section 43 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Sujit, Choudhry. Part III Constituting Democracy, Ch.11 Language. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704898.003.0011.

Full text

Abstract:

This chapter examines the constitutional politics of official language status in India. It gives an overview of the debates in the Indian Constituent Assembly over issues such as the official language of the Central Government and the Indian Constitution’s distinction between the language of parliamentary deliberations and the language of legislation. It considers the disaggregation of official language status into different linguistic states within the context of the relationship between federalism and language. It also discusses the implications of linguistic federalism for linguistic minorities in India and the legal controversy regarding the extent to which Article 30(1) of the Indian Constitution grants linguistic minorities the right to exclude instruction in the regional language.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Clark, Mary Marshall. Case Study: Field Notes on Catastrophe: Reflections on the September 11, 2001, Oral History Memory and Narrative Project. Edited by Donald A. Ritchie. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195339550.013.0018.

Full text

Abstract:

This article focuses on the catastrophe of September 11, 2001; its memory sustained through oral history and captured in narratives. The purpose of this article is twofold: to explore the natural capacity of oral history, an ethical practice, for supporting the active process of historical remembrance even in its most nascent stages; and to use the September 11, 2001, Oral History Narrative and Memory Project as a means of defining a possible approach to documenting historical trauma through oral history. Psychologists who study the impact of massive catastrophic events, from genocide and war to natural catastrophes, define this range of work as “trauma mental health.” Oral history has demonstrated its value in recording traumatic and catastrophic events, whether natural or human-made. This article further traces the case studies conducted weeks after the attacks. One records trauma in the immediate context and the other records the aftermath of trauma followed by a reflection on the same.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Mary Ellen, O’Connell. Part 3 The Post 9/11-Era (2001–), 63 The Crisis in Ukraine—2014. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784357.003.0063.

Full text

Abstract:

On 28 February 2014, Russian forces moved out of their base on the Black Sea into Crimea, triggering a crisis with Ukraine that quickly spread to Eastern Ukraine. Russia has attempted to justify its actions in Ukraine. On close analysis, no argument is adequate to avoid the charge of aggression, which is any serious violation of United Nations Charter Article 2(4). Article 2(4) is no mere treaty rule. It is jus cogens, a peremptory norm, meaning it is durable, impervious to modification. Facts on the ground in Ukraine may remain unchanged without sufficient international pressure. Regardless, Russia’s presence will remain unlawful.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Sonja, Meier. Ch.11 Plurality of obligors and of obligees, s.1: Plurality of Obligors, Art.11.1.1. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0214.

Full text

Abstract:

This commentary analyses Article 11.1.1 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning definitions related to the plurality of obligors in a contractual setting. Art 11.1.1 defines two forms of plurality of obligors, joint and several obligations and separate obligations, but does not say under which circumstances they arise. According to this article, when several obligors are bound by the same obligation towards an obligee, the obligations are joint and several when each obligor is bound for the whole obligation; the obligations are separate when each obligor is bound only for its share. The PICC therefore appear to assume that, in principle, a plurality of contractual obligors produces either joint and several, or separate obligations. This commentary discusses the requirements for the plurality of obligors, joint and several obligations, separate obligations, and types of plurality not mentioned in Article 11.1.1, namely indivisible obligations, communal obligations, and accessory obligations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Gerard, McMeel. Part II Related Doctrines, 11 New Horizons: Good Faith, Contractual Discretions, and Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198755166.003.0011.

Full text

Abstract:

This chapter explores the roles of good faith, contractual discretions, and human rights in either the negotiation or performance of contracts. It first revisits the orthodox position is that English law does not recognize any over-arching obligation to act in good faith, before providing some examples of statutory interventions as well as common law principles. The chapter then turns to the problem of contractual discretions and provides some analogies with public law. Finally, the chapter turns to the subject of human rights, wherein it discusses the relevant provisions as stated in the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (‘the Convention’)—Article 6 and Article 1 of Protocol 1. To conclude, the chapter examines a human rights case in Khan v Khan, in the context of an alleged compromise arising out of a family partnership in the Muslim community.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Sonja, Meier. Ch.11 Plurality of obligors and of obligees, s.1: Plurality of Obligors, Art.11.1.6. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0219.

Full text

Abstract:

This commentary analyses Article 11.1.6 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the effects of a release or settlement agreed upon by the obligee and all the obligors. Under Art 11.1.6, release of one joint and several obligor, or settlement with one joint and several obligor, discharges all the other obligors for the share of the released or settling obligor, unless the circumstances indicate otherwise. When the other obligors are discharged for the share of the released obligor, they no longer have a contributory claim against the released obligor under Article 11.1.10. This commentary discusses the possible consequences of the release of one obligor, including partial discharge of the remaining obligors and full discharge of all obligors. It also considers the presumption of partial discharge, the effect of an increase of the contributory shares, and waiver of joint and several liability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Sonja, Meier. Ch.11 Plurality of obligors and of obligees, s.1: Plurality of Obligors, Art.11.1.7. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0220.

Full text

Abstract:

This commentary analyses Article 11.1.7 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the effects of expiration or suspension of the limitation period. Joint and several obligations do not necessarily share the same fate in terms of limitation periods. Under Art 11.1.7(1), the limitation period of the obligee's rights against one obligor has expired while the limitation period of its rights against another obligor has not. This commentary explains how the expiration of limitation period affects the obligee's claims against other obligors. It also considers the suspension of running of limitation period due to initiation of legal proceedings and the effects of other events regarding limitation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

William A, Schabas. Part 11 Assembly of States Parties: Assemblée Des États Parties, Art.112 Assembly of States Parties/Assemblée des États Parties. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0117.

Full text

Abstract:

This chapter comments on Article 112 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article 112 establishes the Assembly of States Parties. The Assembly plays an important role in the operations of the Court, acting in its own right and through its subsidiary bodies such as the Committee on Budget and Finance. The Assembly meets once a year for about two weeks. Its responsibilities are assured on a continuous basis through its permanent Secretariat and its Bureau. In addition to what are essentially administrative functions, the Assembly of States Parties also has a legislative role. Through adoption and amendment of the Elements of Crimes and the Rules of Procedure and Evidence it exercises a significant influence upon the law applicable before the Court. It is also, together with the review conferences, the forum for amendments to the Rome Statute itself.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Sonja, Meier. Ch.11 Plurality of obligors and of obligees, s.2: Plurality of obligees, Art.11.2.1. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0228.

Full text

Abstract:

This commentary analyses Article 11.2.1 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning definitions related to the plurality of obligees. Art 11.2.1 defines three types of plurality of obligees which the parties can stipulate in their contract: separate claims, joint and several claims, and joint claims. There is no rule as to when one of these claims arises, and no default rule. This commentary discusses two types of plurality of obligees not mentioned in Art 11.2.1, namely communal claims and common law joint claims. It also considers the presumption of separate claims, noting that the PICC do not provide for any default rule for cases where the terms of the contract are silent on this matter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Martin, Schmidt-Kessel. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1980)—Full Text, Part I Sphere of Application and General Provisions, Ch.II General Provisions, Article 11. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198723264.003.0014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Sonja, Meier. Ch.11 Plurality of obligors and of obligees, s.1: Plurality of Obligors, Art.11.1.4. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0217.

Full text

Abstract:

This commentary analyses Article 11.1.4 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the effects of defences on the relationship between the obligee and the obligors. Under Art 11.1.4, a joint and several obligor against whom a claim is made by the obligee may assert all the defences and rights of set-off that are personal to it or that are common to all the co-obligors. However, the obligor may not assert defences or rights of set-off that are personal to one or several of the other co-obligors. This commentary discusses the common defences that the obligor can assert against the obligee, along with personal defences which involve the right to avoid the contract for mistake, fraud, threat, or gross disparity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Sonja, Meier. Ch.11 Plurality of obligors and of obligees, s.1: Plurality of Obligors, Art.11.1.8. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0221.

Full text

Abstract:

This commentary analyses Article 11.1.8 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the effects of the court's decision as to the liability to the obligee of one joint and several obligor. The obligee can commence judicial or arbitral proceedings against all the obligors together. In that case, the court decision will bind the obligee and all the obligors because they are all parties to the legal proceedings. Under Art 11.1.8(1), a decision by a tribunal (state court or arbitral tribunal) has no effect on the other obligors, neither on their obligations towards the obligee nor on the rights of recourse. This commentary explains the effects of a decision in favour of the obligee and in favour of the obligor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!