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1
Sabluk, Hanna. "Gender balance in the context of decentralization of rural development management." Ekonomika APK 315, no. 1 (2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202101053.
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The purpose of the article is to theoretically and scientifically substantiate the main methodological foundations for conducting research on gender equality and the introduction of principles covering the life of rural people. Research methods. The research process was carried out by methods of monographic and logical analysis of the development of rural areas in the system of gender policy. The issues of decentralization in the countryside are analyzed as a process of redistribution of functions and basic powers by the angle of gender. Attention is focused on women's participation in reforms at the local level. Research results. The issues of gender problems are highlighted: ensuring equal rights and opportunities in the economic, social and political life of the rural population. Attention is paid to the gender role of women in terms of the characteristics of his behavior as a mother, wife, mistress, guardian of the clan. It has been established that in the course of the decentralization reform, broader powers and directions of development in the economic and social life of rural people are revealed. Scientific novelty. The interest of communities in equal partnership between men and women in any initiatives for the economic, social and spiritual development of their rural region is characterized, takes the form of gender balance. The article considers the desire to provide a fair proof of their participation in public life, without diminishing the role of women and their work. Purposefulness should be aimed at overcoming established stereotypes. Attention is drawn to the interest of the scientific world in proving that gender equality is important for society. Practical significance. The research results emphasize that gender is a socially constructed phenomenon and this should be a direct targeting of the fair representation of each gender in the social process - with the interaction of respect and kindness for women's steps in their achievements. A number of important principles have been proposed covering the life of rural society. Refs.: 14.
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Biswas, Priti, Zarina Nahar Kabir, Jan Nilsson, and Shahaduz Zaman. "Dynamics of Health Care Seeking Behaviour of Elderly People in Rural Bangladesh." International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 1, no. 1 (2006): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.061169.
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Bangladesh is projected to experience a doubling of its elderly population from the current level of 7 million to 14 million by the end of the next decade. Drawing upon qualitative evidence from rural Bangladesh, this article focuses on coping strategies in cases of illness of elderly people and the contributing factors in determining the health-seeking behaviour of elderly persons. The sample for this study consisted of elderly men and women aged 60 years or older and their caregivers. Nine focus group discussions and 30 in-depth interviews were conducted. Findings indicate that old age and ill-health are perceived to be inseparable entities. Seeking health care from a formally qualified doctor is avoided due to high costs. Familiarity and accessibility of health care providers play important roles in health-seeking behaviour of elderly persons. Flexibility of health care providers in receiving payment is a crucial deciding factor of whether or not to seek treatment, and even the type of treatment sought.
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Ribeiro, Lilian Lopes, and Emerson Marinho. "Time poverty in Brazil: measurement and analysis of its determinants." Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo) 42, no. 2 (2012): 285–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-41612012000200003.
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This article analyzes well-being on an individual level, through the allocation of work hours done by adults and children and thus it measures time poverty in Brazil. In order to achieve such measurement, poverty indicators such as Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) were adapted into a time poverty mode. Additionally, an analysis of its determinants was also conducted. Among other findings, the fact that women (either children and adult ones) are the time-poorest individuals in urban or rural areas. Another unfortunate finding is that the high rate of time poverty among children, numerically 16,1% is not far from the adult rate which is of 19,7%. The overall composite time poor individual profile is of an African-Brazilian adult woman of little education, not necessarily income poor and residing in an urban area of the northeast region, living in a household of few people, she is the mother of children who are younger than 14 years old.
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Kumar, Ravi, L. Krishna, Avinash LNU, Kusuma Naik, and H. Nusrat. "An RCT for Efficacy of Oral Probiotics in Treatment of Cases with Symptomatic White Discharge per Vagina in Rural Population." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 4, no. 3 (2012): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1193.
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ABSTRACT Objective Determine the efficacy of probiotics in treating women with symptomatic white discharge per vagina (WDPV), role of oral probiotics in restoring the vaginal flora. Results This is a prospective randomized clinical study done on 50 women with symptomatic WDPV who are attending gynecology outpatient procedures, these patients underwent Grams stain, received antibiotics along with probiotics for a period of 1 week, again reviewed with repeat Grams stain, 50% were in the age group of 21 to 30 years, duration of symptoms was between 1 and 6 months. In 36% of patients, there was improvement in the lactobacilli count from pretreatment to posttreatment in 100% of cases, but the response in terms of symptomatic relief was seen in 82%. The improvement in the lactobacilli count was interpreted using Nugents scoring. Conclusion The combination of probiotic L. rhamnosus GR-1 and L. fermentum RC-14 is not only safe for daily use in healthy women, but it can reduce colonization of the vagina by potential pathogenic bacteria and yeast. How to cite this article Naik K, Avinash, Nusrat H, Krishna L, Kumar R. An RCT for Efficacy of Oral Probiotics in Treatment of Cases with Symptomatic White Discharge per Vagina in Rural Population. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(3):126-129.
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Gil Bermejo, Jose Luis, Cinta Martos Sánchez, Octavio Vázquez Aguado, and E. Begoña García-Navarro. "Adolescents, Ambivalent Sexism and Social Networks, a Conditioning Factor in the Healthcare of Women." Healthcare 9, no. 6 (2021): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060721.
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Even though gender equality being present in the social and political sphere, we still encounter aspects that are characteristic of sexism. Such aspects impact upon gender inequality and different types of violence towards women. The present article aims to examine the behaviour of adolescents from Huelva with regards to ambivalent sexism towards women on social networks and their influence on health. Furthermore, we seek to uncover adolescent’s perceptions with regards to gender differences in the use of social networks, the relationship between sexism and women’s emotional well-being was observed. The study sample was formed by young people aged between 14 and 16 years who were residing in rural and urban zones in the south of Spain. A mixed methods approach was taken. At a quantitative level, a sample of 400 young people was recruited. These were administered a questionnaire about sexism which was composed of two scales and has been validated at a national and international level. At a qualitative level, the study counted on 33 young people who participated in in-depth discussions via interviews and discussion groups. The results showed that sexism emerges in adolescence in the analysed sample from the south of Spain. This favoured a digital gender gap and was reinforced through social networks such as Instagram and Snapchat. Rising awareness and a critical view of the aforementioned sexism was shown on the behalf of females, particularly those from urban backgrounds.
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Chaurasiya, Dinesh, Vaishali Chaurasia, and Shekhar Chauhan. "The Correlates of Violence against Women in India: Findings from the Recent National Demographic Health Survey." Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, no. 3 (2018): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.3.1455.
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Violence against women is a serious human rights abuse and public health issue in India. The Intimate Partner violence (IPV) cases among Indian couples are very high. This article aims to find the determinant of Intimate Partner Violence in India. The data are drawn from the fourth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-IV). According to Demographic Health Survey guidelines, IPV is measured using 13-item questions in women questionnaire. This section is analysed to fulfil the objective of the study. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression is used to find out the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio. The analysis is carried out using STATA version 14. The prevalence of IPV, emotional violence (EV), physical violence (PV) and sexual violence (SV) is 33.15, 13.23, 29.68 and 6.60 respectively. The likelihood of IPV increases with the increase in marital duration. All kind of violence is less likely to occur in rural areas (IPV: AOR=0.86, p<0.01; EV: AOR=0.81, p<0.01; PV: AOR=0.85, p<0.01; & SV: AOR=0.92, p=0.09). Hindu women are more likely to face all kind of violence than women in other religion. Alcohol consumption is one of the predominant factors for IPV in India (AOR=3.08, CI=2.96-3.21, p<0.01). From this study, we find that marital duration, the age difference of spouses, number of children, place of residence, caste, religion, and education of couple, alcohol consumption and wealth index are some of the important predictors of IPV in India.
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Taylor, Alice Y., Erin Murphy-Graham, and Giovanna Lauro. "Conceptualizing Controlling Behaviors in Adolescent and Youth Intimate Partner Relationships." Partner Abuse 10, no. 2 (2019): 137–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.10.2.137.
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Considerable evidence shows that adolescent intimate relationships influence the course of adult relationships, that is, whether relationship experiences are characterized by abuse or violence, or healthy, equitable dynamics. Controlling behaviors (CBs)—a phenomenon related to intimate partner violence (IPV)—are pervasive in adolescent intimate relationships, yet there is a lack of consensus on how to conceptualize them and subsequently, limited research which explores the role of CBs, including their role as warning signs for other forms of harm and abuse. As such, there are gaps in integrating CBs in policy and program interventions that could prevent IPV from the earliest stages. This article presents findings from in-depth qualitative research on adolescent relationship violence conducted in under studied settings of Brazil and Honduras. Adolescents described using or experiencing CBs in at least one form in 147 interviews with girls/young women and boys/young men aged 14–24 in rural and urban sites. Drawing from these empirical findings and conceptual and theoretical aspects from the literature, this article analyzes CBs in adolescent relationships and how they relate to IPV. By doing so, it seeks to offer a conceptual framework on CBs that could better inform policies and programs by being reflective of adolescent experiences, and ultimately more nuanced in promoting healthy adolescent relationships.
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Hoffmann, B., A. Stang, K. H. Jöckel, E. Rabe, and F. Pannier. "Prevalence of Stemmer's sign in the general population." Phlebologie 36, no. 06 (2007): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1622201.
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SummaryLymphoedema is a disease frequently diagnosed in vascular departments, its origin being primary or secondary after cellulitis or cancer treatment. The prevalence of lower extremity lymphoedema in the general population is largely unknown. The aim of this article is to describe the prevalence of Stemmer's sign as a diagnostic criterium for lymphoedema in an unselected adult German population. Methods: The population for this cross-sectional study was recruited from November 2000 through March 2002 from the general population of the city of Bonn and two surrounding rural communities. 3072 individuals (1145 rural and 1927 urban) could be enrolled in the study. The results of the clinical examination were categorized in four groups: grade 0 normal skin fold at the dorsum of the second toe, grade 1 skin fold enlarged measuring 0.5–1 cm, grade 2 the skin fold >1 cm and grade 3 >1 cm with severe induration or papillomatosis. Results: Among 3055 out of 3072 subjects information on all variables were available. In 15.9% of the population a positive Stemmer sign was found with a slightly higher overall prevalence in women. Most of this group presented as grade 1 Stemmer's sign (14.1%). The more severe grades 2 and 3 were present in 1.8 % of the study population with no clear difference between sexes. We observed a considerably higher prevalence of Stemmer's sign of all grades in the urban population. The prevalence of Stemmer's sign increased with age from 3.2% up to 35.9% in the 70–79 year old population. Prevalence of positive Stemmer's sign was also higher in higher C-stages of the CEAP classification (5.8% in C0 to 100% in C6). Conclusions: The prevalence of lymphoedema in the general population represented by grade 2–3 Stemmer's sign in 1.8% and grade 1 Stemmer's sign in 14% is high. Women have a slightly higher prevalence of positive Stemmer's sign than men. The prevalence of positive Stemmer's sign is associated with age and chronic venous insufficiency.
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Bhuller, Sharan. "Dedicated researcher brings cancer care to rural communities." Advances in Modern Oncology Research 2, no. 5 (2016): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/amor.v2.i5.180.
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<div>As an ardent cancer researcher, Dr. Smita Asthana has a vision to create wider awareness on cancer and its prevention, and aims to work on translational research to benefit the general public through the implementation of evidence-based research. “I have been associated with the National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR) and Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICPO) since November 2004 and have progressed over a period of time from being a staff scientist to the current role of a senior scientist,” says Dr. Asthana, who is presently with NICPR’s Biostatistics and Epidemiology division.</div><p> </p><p>“I have been working in various positions that deal with the design, execution, and evaluation of medical projects. Recently, we have concluded two major cervical cancer screening projects and conducted a screening of 10,000 women in rural areas,” she tells AMOR. One project, funded by the Indian Council of Medical Research, was carried out 100 km west of New Delhi in the rural town of Dadri “as part of an operational research to see the implementation of VIA (visual inspection with acetic acid) and VILI (visual inspection with Lugol's iodine) screenings with the help of existing healthcare infrastructure,” she explains.</p><p> </p><p>As a leading researcher in cervical cancer screening, she completed an Indo-US collaborative project on the clinical performance of a human papillomavirus (HPV) test, used as a strategy for screening cervical cancer in rural communities, with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation via the international non-profit global health organization PATH. “The primary objective of the project was to observe the performance of careHPV, a new diagnostic kit, in a rural setup,” she says.</p><p> </p><p>CareHPV is a highly sensitive DNA test, which detects 14 different types of the human papillomavirus that cause cervical cancer, providing results more rapidly than other DNA tests and is designed especially for use in clinics that lack reliable clean water or electricity. It is an incredibly cost-effective option for low-resource countries seeking to develop national cervical cancer screening and treatment programs according to PATH.</p><p> </p><p>“Both projects were completed successfully and brought out research conclusions in the form of national and international publications,” Dr. Asthana says. In addition to the projects, she had also developed health education materials to create cervical cancer awareness among the women of rural Indian community, while providing training to auxiliary nurses and midwives for cervical cancer screening.</p><p> </p><p>Dr. Asthana graduated with a degree in Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery from King George Medical College (KGMC), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, before pursuing her Doctor of Medicine (MD) in Community Medicine from Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial (GSVM) Medical College, Kanpur, India. Throughout her career, she has published over 40 articles in national and international journals. As a result of her hard work and dedication toward the medical field, she has been awarded first prizes for oral presentation in international conferences such as Indian Cancer Congress (ICC 2014) and Asia Oceania Research Organisation on Genital Infections and Neoplasia (AOGIN 2012).</p><p> </p><p>She is an active member of various scientific associations and societies such as the Indian Association for Cancer Research (IACR), Indian Society for Medical Statistics (ISMS), Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine (IAPSM), and International Epidemiological Association (IEA). In her effort to provide impactful messages via research publications, she is currently working on remodeling the cancer registry data, which includes a diversified field for incidence of childhood cancer, breast and cervical cancer, trends of major cancer, cancer burden in Northeast of India, among other things.</p><p> </p><p>According to Dr. Asthana, her vision is the utilization of voluminous cancer registry data to produce comprehensive reports in the form of research communication to give a clearer picture of different cancer burden in various Indian registries. “I have also proposed a project for establishing cancer registry at NICPR, which was approved by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in principle, but we are currently still waiting for funding,” says the medical scientist.</p><p> </p><p>Focusing on the area of cancer epidemiology and research methodology, Dr. Asthana has faced many challenges commonly encountered by any researcher with a vision to improve medical research. “Gradually, with time and experience, I have overcome these limitations and I now conduct research methodology workshops to help clinicians have a better orientation toward research,” she says. Dr. Asthana is the coordinator of research methodology workshops, which is a series of training courses that started in 2007. Training courses/workshops are being conducted on a regular basis — two to three times a year at ICPO — and on an invitation basis, she has held workshops at other institutions such as her previous visit to Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS in Malaysia to train 30 PhD students.</p><p> </p><p>“The main aim or idea is to educate scientists/researchers and medical faculties about the basics of research methodology, which consist of descriptive statistics, statistical analysis, and clinical trial sampling, as well as research protocol development and scientific reporting/writing,” she elaborates. “The curriculum was formed and executed in such a way that new scientists gain an overall knowledge on how a research project should be planned, executed, and the results communicated,” she adds. The courses, according to her, are targeted for medical faculty members, medical post-graduate students, undergraduate students, and PhD students with a basic science background from various medical institutions.</p><p> </p><p>As a researcher with almost 14 years of experience in medical research, her passion for research does not end there. Dr. Asthana has also ventured into various other new areas that are currently lacking presence in India and other low- and middle-income countries. One such area is palliative care, where she has undergone specialized training in palliative care from the Indian Association of Palliative Care. Additionally, Dr. Asthana is working on a global systematic review project that studies smokeless tobacco attributable risk for oral cancer. She further adds, “As an officer in the district technical support team and in collaboration with World Health Organization, I have devoted quite some time in serving the rural community for leprosy monitoring.”</p><p> </p><p>When asked for her opinion about the future of cancer research, Dr. Asthana believes that targeted therapy is the future of cancer therapy, as it kills only cancer cells and not normal cells, which leads to lesser side effects. “However, the major concern is the cost of it,” she says, “and it doesn’t appear to be affordable in the near future.” Hence, “developing countries like India should focus on the prevention of cancer through the modification of risk factors and adopting healthy lifestyles,” she concludes.</p>
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Makhmudova, Mukhabbat Madirimovna. "STUDYING THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 05 (2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-05-10.
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The article briefly highlights the history of the study of the health problem by Uzbek scientists in a certain period of time. The works of the authors are divided into groups based on their quality, nature and focus. Monographic and dissertation research is especially highlighted. Used methods of chronological and comparative analysis, particular attention is paid to the study of orientalists of Uzbekistan and publications of foreign authors. It is recognized that as a result of the implementation of the results of dissertation research by individual authors, there is an optimization of the structure of health care authorities and a decrease in the level of disease in the population. Over the years of independence, a health care reform program has been implemented. Much has been done to improve its quality and culture of timeliness and efficiency. A network of urgent emergency care, rural medical outpatient clinics and city polyclinics, multidisciplinary specialized clinics, scientific centers has been created. Medical care for women and children of the country is provided at the level of world standards, personnel training is carried out in 14 medical universities and one pharmaceutical institute, in 85 medical colleges. Advanced training and retraining of medical personnel is carried out in universities and an advanced training institute. At present, it is one of the most important branches of the country’s national economy. As a result of socio-economic and medical measures in Uzbekistan, medical care has become universal and publicly available, such dangerous diseases as cholera, plague, smallpox, parasitic typhus, trachoma have been eliminated, and the incidence of many others has been reduced. Over the past 10 years, the incidence of the population with such socially dangerous ailments as congenital defects by 32.4%, infectious diseases by 40%, the incidence of the upper respiratory tract has decreased by 4.2 times. The incidence of diphtheria, paratyphoid fever, poliomyelitis, malaria has been completely eradicated [1]. The health care system employs about 650 thousand people (this is almost 10 percent of the able-bodied population of the republic), including more than 84 thousand doctors and 500 thousand paramedical workers. An extensive network of medical institutions in Uzbekistan is capable of providing the necessary medical and preventive care to the entire population.
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Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad, Anita de Bellis, Wendy Abigail, and Evdokia Kalaitzidis. "Elderly Women in Rural Bangladesh." South Asia Research 38, no. 2 (2018): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728018767018.
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In Bangladesh, one of the world’s poorest countries, a significant proportion of its most deprived citizens are elderly women living in rural areas, where healthcare access remains difficult. This article argues that as citizens, such elderly women, too, should have a constitutional right to healthcare access. Meeting this constitutional and human rights challenge is a joint obligation for the government and healthcare professionals. Yet, socio-economic discrimination and several cultural factors at individual, societal and institutional levels are known to limit access to healthcare services for elderly rural women in Bangladesh, who represent a highly vulnerable population group in Bangladesh regarding healthcare and healthcare access. This article first examines demographic ageing trends and then highlights key issues concerning the necessity of securing better healthcare for rural elderly women (REW) in Bangladesh.
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Muthaleb, Abdullah Abdul. "Rural Women and Information on Natural Resources: Rural Women in Aceh’s Struggle for Agency." Jurnal Perempuan 24, no. 4 (2019): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.34309/jp.v24i4.369.
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<p>Rural women have the potential to mobilize herself and her community towards a sovereign and just rural community. However, rural women frequently face form of discrimination that impede them to achieve their maximum potential. In the midst of forest and land degradation, those gender-based discrimination also prevent women from participating in land and forest governance that is vital for the rural community’s livelihood. An example of form of gender-based discrimination experienced by women in several regions in Aceh is discrimination in accessing public information. This article describes and analyses several Aceh women’s experiences in using the rights-based approach on access to information. The women in this article have used the Law on Public Information as the basis for their advocacy towards the land and forest governance in their residential area. These experiences of the rural women have shown shows that women have not only interests upon the information on natural resources, but they also possess capability, perseverance, and will to obtain such information.</p>
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MALABASARI, ROOPA T., and UMA S. HIREMATH. "Capacity building of rural women through trainings." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HOME SCIENCE EXTENSION & COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT 3, no. 1 (2016): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijhsecm/3.1/8-14.
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Yu, Haiqing, and Lili Cui. "China's E-Commerce: Empowering Rural Women?" China Quarterly 238 (February 7, 2019): 418–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741018001819.
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AbstractThis article employs a feminist political economy perspective to explore the connection between e-commerce, entrepreneurship and gender in rural China. It discusses gendered engagement with, and discourses of, the new digital economy represented by Taobao villages, and asks: how has the success of rural e-commerce impacted the evolving gender mandate and hierarchy in a competitive market economy in rural China? Has rural women's participation in digital economic activities changed their gendered roles and the patriarchal structure in their family and village? This article argues that women's socioeconomic enablement does not necessarily translate into cultural and political empowerment. The enabling potential of female entrepreneurship is tempered by traditional constraints on women and digital capitalist exploitation of their cheap, flexible and docile labour.
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Purtzer, Mary Anne, and Lindsey Overstreet. "Transformative Learning Theory: Facilitating Mammography Screening in Rural Women." Oncology Nursing Forum 41, no. 2 (2014): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/14.onf.176-184.
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Shabunova, Alexandra A., and Galina V. Leonidova. "Rural life of Russian women." POPULATION 23, no. 2 (2020): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.2.2.
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The relevance of the study of the living conditions of rural women is related to the actual demographic situation in the Russian hinterland. In rural areas of the Russian Federation there is a stable decline in the population due, first of all, to natural population decrease, as well as migration outflow connected with low standards and quality of life, unattractiveness of labor in rural areas, and social infrastructure. Rural women as a socio-demographic group with typical socio-psychological, ideological, moral and ethno-cultural characteristics, similar spiritual values, social experience and lifestyles, being a more numerous part of the population of rural territories, act as a kind of bulwark for preservation of the village, its culture, traditions and rural economy as a whole. A quarter of all Russian women live in rural areas. Distribution of the country’s population by gender and age groups as of January 1, 2019 shows that women predominate in the rural population (52%). And the group of women over working age is twice as large as that of men (6775 thousand against 3230 thousand). In other words, Russian village has actually a female face. In this regard, the study of rural women’s issues is very important and timely. The article shows the role of women in the social development of the village, provides excerpts from interviews of rural female activists, their reasoning about how they live despite the difficulties that surround them. It highlights demographic trends in rural areas, assesses the quality of the labor potential of rural residents in comparison with urban residents, and shows a higher level of self-realization in labor activity among women than among men.
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Jo Wainer. "Rural Women's Health." Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, no. 3 (1998): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98033.
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Rural women in Australia have reduced access to health and illness-management services, live in more hazardous environments, and yet describe themselves as healthier than urban women. These contradictions illustrate some of the consequences of different ways of measuring health. Data based on presentations to hospital for episodes of illness management, within a conceptual framework of biomedicine which has been developed with little input from women, presents one picture of the health of a community. Data based on asking women what is going on provides another picture. These different pictures highlight the distinction between health and illness management. This article introduces the reader to rural culture, considers some of the epidemiological evidence about the presentation of illness and mortality for rural women, summarises the outcomes of research and consultations with women, and concludes by making recommendations about effective ways to enhance rural women's health through service delivery.
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M. Oddo, Vanessa, Joanne Katz, Keith P. West, Jr, Steven C. LeClerq, and Subarna K. Khatry. "Employment And Nutritional Status Among Women In Rural Nepal." International Journal of Nutrition 1, no. 3 (2015): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-14-608.
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Kumar, Sudesh, and Anindya J. Mishra. "Forced Displacement: Impact on Rural Women in India." ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 3, no. 1 (2018): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455632718778393.
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The article explores the loss of traditional occupations and customary rights among displaced women and the socio-economic consequences of being forced into the labour market in the absence of a uniform rehabilitation and resettlement policy in India.
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Kui-Ling, Emily Lau, Monna Kiaw, Nurul Huda Hamzah, and Peter Sercombe. "The Perception of Malaysian Rural and Urban Indigenous Women on Body Image." Melayu Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu 14, no. 2 (2021): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/jm.14(2)no7.
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This study investigates the perception of body image among indigenous women in Peninsular Malaysia. Using a sample drawn from urban (n=38) and rural (n=21) settings, the study engages participants who are more or less socio-economically acculturated to mainstream society in order to explore different attitudes to body image, and anxiety level about social physique between rural and urban women. Rural indigenous women registered a higher level of body dissatisfaction than their urban counterparts. However, there was no significant difference in attitudes towards body image between indigenous women in both locations. Due to a degree of presumed acculturation to western ideals of body image, urban indigenous women who were not underweight showed a higher anxiety level concerning their physique than those from rural areas with a similar body size. It was also found that a higher level of body dissatisfaction correlated with a poorer body image among indigenous women in Malaysia.
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Kapondera, Sellina Khumbo, and Wallace Chigona. "Domestication of Telecentres by Malawian Rural Women." International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development 10, no. 1 (2018): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicthd.2018010104.
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The potential of telecentres to bridge the digital divide can only be realised when their services are appropriated by all groups in the community. Previous studies show that in Malawi only a few women use telecentres. This article used Domestication Theory to explain the processes through which women in rural Malawi encounter technologies, deal with them and integrate them into their lives. Data was obtained via interviews with women (both users and non-users) and a Telecentre Manager. The study shows that: i) commodification was influenced mainly by word of mouth; ii) the women who appropriated the Telecentre used it for instrumental and hedonic purposes; iii) the appropriation was influenced by convenience, compatibility with the needs of women and perceived usefulness of the Telecentre; and iv) non-use was due to lack of awareness, illiteracy, limited financial resources, cultural roles and perceptions about the telecentres. The findings could help policymakers in maximising use of telecentres among women.
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Al Mamun, M. A., S. Jesmin, M. A. Rahman, et al. "PO202 METABOLIC SYNDROME PREVALENCE AND ITS COMPONENTS AMONG RURAL BANGLADESHI WOMEN." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 106 (November 2014): S151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8227(14)70496-6.
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Tamboli, Sabiha Saleem, Reena Raju, and BS Nagoba. "Prevalence of HIV in pregnant women in a rural area of Maharashtra, India." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 14, no. 2 (2015): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v14i2.10323.
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Bidwell, Nicola J. "Rural Uncommoning." ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 28, no. 3 (2021): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3445793.
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Shared use of small-scale natural commons is vital to the livelihoods of billions of rural inhabitants, particularly women, and advocates propose that local telecommunications systems that are oriented by the commons can close rural connectivity gaps. This article extends insights about women's exclusion from such Community Networks (CNs) by considering ‘commoning’, or practices that produce, reproduce and use the commons and create communality. I generated data in interviews and observations of rural CNs in seven countries in the Global South and in multi-sited ethnography of international advocacy for CNs. Male biases in technoculture and rural governance limit women's participation in CNs, and women adopt different approaches to performing their communal identity while using technology. This situation contributes to detaching CNs from relations that are produced in women's commoning. It also illustrates processes that co-opt the commons in rural technology endeavours and the diverse ways commoners express their subjectivities in response.
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Kharel, Suman. "Rural Womens' Access to Community Finance." Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies 14, no. 1-2 (2017): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdrs.v14i1-2.19654.
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This study explained access of women in community finance and its impact on their household economy. To the end, 140 community finance groups of Phulwari Village was regarded as case of the study and purposively selected 66 households were unit of analysis. Under case study methodology, descriptive/explanatory research design was used to analyze collected data. The study found that out of total 140 community finance groups, 92 were women led, 6 men led and 42 were jointly led by men and women. And from 66 sample households women are involved in 154 financial groups. The numbers of members in one financial group ranges from 9 to 296 at the time of establishment. A total amount NRs 22 million is saved from financial groups. The natures of groups are mostly unregistered, led by women, small amount of saving and dominated by Brahmin and Chhetri. Community finance has increased saving habit of the members and led them more access to credit facilities. Women are socio-economically and politically empowered due to the impact of community finance. They are participating in community work, becoming self-employed and supported to household economy. The status of the family has been improved. Finally, the study found that, level of education, labour migration, saving/credit and training opportunities are the motivational factors for involving women in community finance.Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural StudiesVol. 14 (Joint issue) (1&2), 2017, Page: 112-123
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Jatav, Hansraj, and D. K. Suryawanshi. "Empowered of rural women by dairy programme through doubling the farmers income." RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND DAIRY SCIENCE 10, no. 1 (2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/rjahds/10.1/14-20.
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Khuntia, Nibedita. "Impact of Climate Change on Women in Rural India." VEETHIKA-An International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 2, no. 3 (2016): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/veethika.2016.02.03.005.
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This article analyses the disproportionate impact of climate change on women residing in rural parts of India. Using secondary data sources and other literature, it argues how women are at higher risk socially, economically and on account of health. However, despite this vulnerability, women are important change makers and are leading the fight against climate change at the grassroot level. It highlights the work done by two such women groups based in Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan. It also briefly comments on the future plan of action to create a gender-sensitive approach to mitigating climate change.
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Núñez, Paula Gabriela, Carolina Lara Michel, Paula Alejandra Leal Tejeda, and Martín Andrés Núñez. "Rural Women’s Invisible Work in Census and State Rural Development Plans: The Argentinean Patagonian Case." Land 9, no. 3 (2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9030092.
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This article reviews the invisibility and the recognition of rural female work in the Patagonian region of Argentina over time. The analysis is carried out based on (a) the systematisation of research articles (b) a historical study of censuses, and (c) the systematisation of rural development plans related to the subject. The article adopts an ecofeminist perspective. The results have been organised into four sections. (1) An overview of the later Patagonian integration; (2) the work of Patagonian women in history; (3) the recognition of rural production in censuses; (4) Patagonian family farming. We found out that the metaphors that relate women with the land are used to deny both rural female work and the family land use. One of its consequences is that Patagonia has become one of the most affected by extractivism. We conclude reviewing the forms of economic and political recognition, which could intervene in future planning.
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Zafreen, Farzana, Md Mahbubur Rahman, Latifa Rahman, and Md Abdul Wahab. "Awareness about Antenatal Care Services among Rural Pregnant Women." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 13, no. 2 (2019): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v13i2.41365.
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Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) is the care of a pregnant woman required to ensure a healthy pregnancy and safe childbirth. According to the World Health Organization to achieve the full life-saving potential for pregnant women and babies, minimum four ANC visits are essential. Quality and quantity of ANC visit depends on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, awareness and attitude of the individual. To get the benefits from ANC services awareness among pregnant women and their family members are very important.
 Objective: To evaluate the awareness about ANC service among the pregnant women attending Upazila Health Complex of a rural community.
 Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the pregnant women attending the outpatient department of Kaligonj Upazila Health Complex, Gazipur, Bangladesh from January to March 2017. Data were collected by face-to-face interview of the respondents using a structured questionnaire. Chi-square (χ2) test was done to see the association among the respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics with awareness about ANC services.
 Result: Respondents’ age range was 16-40 years and 61.9% were below 25 years and 71.1% married before 20 years. More than half (66.5%) of the respondents’ found aware about pregnancy danger sign, safe delivery and benefits of ANC service. This study found a significant (p<0.05) association between socio-demographic characteristics and awareness about ANC services of respondents.
 Conclusion: Overall knowledge and awareness level on different component and benefits of ANC visit were below the national standard. To improve the community awareness and practice on ANC services community campaign is recommended.
 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 11-14
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Pankaj, Ashok. "Jeevika, Women and Rural Bihar: Cultural Impact of a Development Intervention." Sociological Bulletin 69, no. 2 (2020): 158–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022920923205.
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This article narrates a story of cultural change caused by livelihood intervention in rural Bihar (India). It shows that the impact of Jeevika, a microcredit-based rural livelihood promotion project, goes beyond its call for promoting livelihoods. The article recognises the distinction between structural and cultural aspects of social change and holds that an important impact of Jeevika on rural women of Bihar has been the cultural loosening of the patriarchal noose over their necks. It argues that the sustainability of such an impact is, however, unlikely, as the structural bases of patriarchy, namely, family, caste, land and agriculture, remain largely unaffected. Moreover, the whole process is exogenous—a creation of programme intervention.
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Fombad, Madeleine C., and Glenrose Veli Jiyane. "The role of community radios in information dissemination to rural women in South Africa." Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 51, no. 1 (2016): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000616668960.
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Rural women in South Africa are important role players in community development; to withhold information from them is to hold back the potential for rural development. However, obstacles such as poverty, illiteracy, fear, poor access to public agencies, and lack of knowledge about the right to information and how or where to ask for it has deprived women of access to information. Since post-apartheid South Africa, government has made progress toward empowering women. Community radio is the only accessible and readily affordable medium within the rural community and can play a significant role in rural development of women. This article adopts the case study research approach through the use of document analysis and interviews to investigate the role of two community radio stations in selected areas of the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa with regard to rural development and the dissemination of information to women listeners. It also suggests ways by which these radios may be used to enhance access to information by rural women in South Africa. The findings reveal that although community radio stations are recognised as support systems for information dissemination in rural communities, their role in information dissemination and the community development of women has not been fully explored. This article suggests ways in which the services of community radios may be enhanced by the provision of information to women for rural development.
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Blythe, Meghan, Kathryn Istas, Shane Johnston, Jasmine Estrada, Maci Hicks, and Michael Kennedy, M.D. "Patient Perspectives of Rural Kansas Maternity Care." Kansas Journal of Medicine 14 (September 1, 2021): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.vol14.14752.
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Introduction. Pregnant women in rural areas face a unique set of challenges due to geographic maldistribution of obstetric services. The perspectives of rural Kansas women were sought regarding experience of birth and satisfaction with maternity care. Methods. Medical student research assistants facilitated discussion groups in rural Kansas communities with women who had given birth in the last 24 months. Guiding questions were used to facilitate discussion. Survey instruments were used to gather information about satisfaction with maternity care. Data for qualitative and quantitative analysis was aggregated using Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes. Results. 14 groups with 47 total participants completed the survey and discussion. Participants were representative of a variety of Large Rural, Small Rural, and Isolated areas in Kansas as described by RUCA Code Four Category Classification. Survey results indicate that satisfaction with maternity care in participants’ home county was significantly higher in Small Rural and Isolated compared to Large Rural RUCA. Qualitative analysis results show positive experiences related to: doctor characteristics, relationship with doctor, doctor’s involvement with care, alternative labor options, and distance convenience. Negative experiences were related to: doctor bedside manner, doctor not there until delivery, and staff related complaints. Conclusions. Women in Small Rural and Isolated RUCA codes appear to be more satisfied with care contrary to previous study findings.
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Watkins, M. M., C. Gabali, M. Winkleby, E. Gaona, and S. Lebaron. "Barriers to cervical cancer screening in rural Mexico." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 12, no. 5 (2002): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200209000-00011.
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Cervical cancer is a major health problem in Mexico. The national mortality rate due to cervical cancer was estimated at 21.8 per 100,000 among women over 15 years of age in 1994. Reasons for this high prevalence have not been defined, although it may be influenced by lack of access to health care, lack of knowledge about the Pap procedure, or cultural beliefs. While some studies have examined barriers to Pap screening, most have focused on urban samples. We conducted a pilot study using direct interviews to learn about factors that may influence cervical cancer screening among rural Mexican women. We interviewed 97 rural women between the ages of 16 and 66 and found that 52% had not received a Pap smear within the last 2 years (of that group, 62% had never received a Pap smear). In our sample, the most frequent reason for not obtaining a Pap smear was anxiety regarding physical privacy (50%). Less frequent reasons were lack of knowledge (18%) and difficulty accessing health care (14%). Women who had delivered children were significantly more likely to have received a Pap smear (71%) than women who had no children (10%), P < 0.05. The responses of many women suggest that compliance with cervical cancer screening would be enhanced by addressing cultural beliefs, encouraging conversations about women's health issues, and increasing the number of female health care providers.
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Hamidazada, Marina, Ana Maria Cruz, and Muneta Yokomatsu. "Vulnerability Factors of Afghan Rural Women to Disasters." International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 10, no. 4 (2019): 573–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13753-019-00227-z.
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Abstract Disaster management is a global challenge, but disasters do not affect men and women equally. In most of the world’s disasters, more females are impacted than males, and in Afghanistan the disparity between female and male victims is even greater. This study identifies and maps the relationships between the factors that make Afghan rural women more vulnerable to natural hazard-induced disasters. Data for this study were obtained through focus group discussions with rural women and men, as well as person-to-person interviews with employees of government and nongovernmental organizations at the national and local levels in Afghanistan. The study uses Grounded Theory and Interpretive Structural Modeling, not widely used before for this type of study, to analyze the data collected and to map the factors of vulnerability identified and their relationships. In agreement with previous studies, our findings show that insufficient disaster education, inadequate protection measures, and powerful cultural issues, both pre- and post-disaster, increase women’s vulnerability during and after disasters. In particular, cultural issues play a role after disasters by affecting women’s security, access to disaster aid, and health care. The study also found that perception regarding these cultural issues and how they affect women during disasters differs among men and women. Finally, by using Interpretive Structural Modeling, we show how the importance of the factors and their interrelationships change in pre-disaster and post-disaster situations. We conclude the article with some policy recommendations such as finding ways to allow women to participate in disaster planning activities and decision-making processes related to disaster risk reduction, as well as securing dedicated funds for the mainstreaming of gender in disaster risk reduction policies in Afghanistan.
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Manning, Kimberley Ens. "Embodied Activisms: The Case of the Mu Guiying Brigade." China Quarterly 204 (December 2010): 850–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741010000998.
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AbstractIn this article I re-think the complex legacies of the Maoist era and their relationship to the contemporary decline in rural women's leadership. By focusing on some of the gendered dimensions of rural development policy, it becomes evident that many “traditional” beliefs about the leadership abilities of rural women were given new life during the Maoist era. Prior to the Cultural Revolution rural women had two dominant paths of “liberation” or jiefang available to them: one that involved a liberation through the female body and household, the path of dangjia, and one that involved a liberation from the constraints of the female body and household, the path of fanshen. In this article I show how the simultaneous implementation of these two paths of liberation on a unique women-led Mu Guiying Brigade during the Great Leap Forward reproduced the problem of the political unacceptability of rural women.
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Azizova, Nodira Mannapovna, and Lobarkhon Kadirjanovna Azizova. "IMPLICATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ON RURAL WOMEN’S WELFARE: CASE OF UZBEKISTAN." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 4, no. 5 (2020): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2020/4/5/13.
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Background. Lack of water supply and sanitation infrastructure in rural areas affects people’s health, welfare and living conditions, negatively impacts the rural environment, and can stall rural development and prosperity. Improving equitable and sustainable access to safe and improved water supply and sanitation in rural areas is therefore an important national development objective. This article presents to what extend the welfare level of the rural women in Uzbekistan correlates with socio-economic factors such as access to water supply and sanitation services in Uzbekistan. Methods. This article is based on comparative analysis of the gender aspects of welfare of rural women in Bukhara region. The gender aspects assessment of the water supply and sanitation sector identifies that rural women experience the unequal access to infrastructure in comparison with urban population and urban women. The utilizing of the concept of analysis based on identification of inequalities by going “beyond income, beyond averages and beyond today” demonstrates that there is no direct impact of the socio-economic factors on poverty rate of the family [1;6].
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Cossa, H. A., S. Gloyd, R. G. Vaz, et al. "Syphilis and HIV Infection among Displaced Pregnant Women in Rural Mozambique." International Journal of STD & AIDS 5, no. 2 (1994): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249400500208.
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A cross-sectional study was conducted among displaced pregnant women in Mozambique to determine the prevalence and correlates of HIV infection and syphilis. Between September 1992 and February 1993, 1728 consecutive antenatal attendees of 14 rural clinics in Zambézia were interviewed, examined, and tested for HIV and syphilis antibodies. The seroprevalence of syphilis and HIV were 12.2% and 2.9%, respectively. Reported sexual abuse was frequent (8.4%) but sex for money was uncommon. A positive MHA-TP result was significantly associated with unmarried status, history of past STD, HIV infection, and current genital ulcers, vaginal discharge, or genital warts. Significant correlates of HIV seropositivity included anal intercourse, history of past STD, and syphilis. In summary, displaced pregnant women had a high prevalence of syphilis but a relatively low HIV seroprevalence suggesting recent introduction of HIV infection in this area or slow spread of the epidemic. A syphilils screening and treatment programme is warranted to prevent perinatal transmission and to reduce the incidence of chancres as a cofactor for HIV transmission.
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Vervaet, Lies. "Women and leasehold in rural Flanders, c. 1290 to c. 1570." Rural History 30, no. 1 (2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793319000037.
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AbstractResearch has emphasised the stability in female landholding between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, despite demographic shocks and fundamental economic changes. However, in this period, a new type of land exploitation emerges: leasehold. This article wants to introduce a gender perspective into the history of leasehold. It investigates women’s activities on the lease market in late medieval and sixteenth-century Flanders, a region where short-term and competitive leasehold spread early and widely. An analysis of the actual practice, making use of landlords’ manuals and accounts, demonstrates women’s decreasing participation at the lease market. Moreover, their marital status increasingly mattered: from the beginning of the fifteenth century only widows could hold land. This article also demonstrates that, next to marital status, the size of the holding had a marked influence on women’s opportunities. Finally, these results invite us to rethink the grounds of women’s growing participation at the labour market in post-Black Death Europe, since especially single women lost access to land, particularly to land offered on the lease market.
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Rahman, Md Mahfuzar, Md Atiqur Rahman, Farnaz Mehrin, Abu Kawser, and Anwar Hossain Tushar. "Birth Practices Among the Rural Women: Facts & Reasons." Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal 9, no. 1 (2018): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v9i1.35815.
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Background: Pregnancy and childbirth related complications are the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in Bangladesh. An estimate shows that about 28,000 mothers die in each year in Bangladesh due to obstetric complications. The aim of this study was to find out the birth practice among rural women in Bangladesh.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 1220 respondents by purposive sampling technique from 2nd to 4th January, 2017 in different villages of Dhamrai Upazila, Dhaka. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire duly pretested through face to face interview. Data were analyzed manually and by using computer.Results: Then study revealed that majority of the respondents 80% were Muslims by religion and about 26% respondents were found within the age 25-29 years with mean age 31±7.59 years. Most of them 86% were literate and only 14% were found illiterate. Among the respondents 75% were Housewives and 11%, 9%, 1% and 4% were involved in Service, Business, Agriculture and others occupation respectively. Moreover, 78% respondents monthly income were less than TK 3000. About 43% & 16% respondents were found to have 2 & 3 children respectively. In this study, about 73% received antenatal visit and among them 57% received 1 to 3 antenatal visits and 74% received TT immunizations. It was found that 69%, 54% and 59% received antenatal advices on healthy diet, personal hygiene, drug use respectively. Home delivery and Hospital delivery practice were found among 44% & 56% respondents respectively. The reasons for home delivery like Feeling comfortable, Family decision and Financial problem were found in 60%, 26% & 42% respondents respectively. The most common complications during last delivery were obstructed labor, found among 39% respondents.Conclusion: Still now women prefer home delivery. Major reasons for home delivery were Feeling comfortable, Family decisions and Financial problems. Delivery conduction by qualified doctors were found only among 47% women. Efforts needed to increase maternal health related knowledge and awareness towards birth practice to facilitate decision in minimizing complications and mortality.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 9, No. 1: Jan 2018, P 5-9
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McCann, Brandy Renee, and Katherine R. Allen. "Romantic Forecasts in Later Life: Older Single Women’s Perspectives on Family and Kin Relationships." Journal of Family Issues 39, no. 3 (2016): 747–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x16680011.
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This study examines the ways in which family and cultural context influence the romantic prospects of rural women in later life. Using a feminist life course perspective, we interviewed 14 single women over the age of 50 years who lived in rural Appalachia. Grounded theory methods were used to analyze in-depth interview data. Contextualized romantic forecasts of midlife and older rural women are presented. We found that women who were highly integrated into an extended family network, typically their own family of origin, had little if any interest in romance in later life. Women who were not highly integrated into a kin network were most hopeful about finding a romantic or marriage partner. We conclude that place-based kin networks mattered in the romantic forecasts of midlife and older single women, and discuss implications for future research.
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Saravanakumar, P., and J. Elizabeth Varakumari. "A comparative study on women empowerment in urban and rural setting in Tamil Nadu." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 3 (2019): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190594.
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Background: Women empowerment is vital for decision making on nutrition, health-seeking, family planning and economic issues for the family as a whole. In reality, there is prevalence of unequal gender norms among the women in India in urban and rural area. The objective of the study was to compare the empowerment of women in urban and rural setting in Tamil Nadu.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Nandivaram (RHTC) and Shenoy Nagar (UHTC) attached to Government Kilpauk Medical College among 200 married women of age 15-49 years with a semi-structured questionnaire during June 2018. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS 16. Chi Square test and logistic regression was used for statistical analysis.Results: Mean age in rural group was 26.74±6.45 years and 30.4±7.35 in urban. Illiterates were 27% in rural and 14% in urban. About 67% were homemakers in rural vs. 43% in urban. About 33% were BPL in rural vs. 21% in urban. Decision making regarding household decisions, about73% in rural vs. 87% urban had participated. In health seeking behavior, 77 % in rural had no say while only 45% in urban. For Family planning, 33% in rural vs. 74% in urban had decision making which were statistically significant. Only 33% contributed to family income in rural vs. 47% in urban.Conclusions: Women empowerment is better in urban setting than rural setting. There is a strong need to create awareness and training in rural setting for better productive life.
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Kurebwa, Jeffrey, and Nyasha Yvonne Kurebwa. "Child Marriages in Rural Zimbabwe." International Journal of Civic Engagement and Social Change 5, no. 1 (2018): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcesc.2018010103.
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The objectives of this article was to understand the causes, effects and measures to reduce child marriages in rural Zimbabwe. Child marriages have serious social, economic, health and political implications on young girls and their communities. Young girls are also robbed of their locally and internationally recognised rights. Ending child marriages demands a multi-sectoral approach where all actors, such as parents, national governments, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), local culture, and religion are involved. This article relies on qualitative methodology to gather data. Purposive sampling and snow ball sampling methods were used to identify key informants and women who were victims of child marriages. Stakeholders involved in children's rights should provide reproductive health and education services to local communities in order to end child marriages.
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Notermans, Catrien. "Prayers of Cow Dung: Women Sculpturing Fertile Environments in Rural Rajasthan (India)." Religions 10, no. 2 (2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10020071.
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In line with the special issue’s focus on material religion and ritualistic objects, this article focuses on the multi-sensory prayers that certain groups of Hindu women craft in cow dung at the doorstep of their residences during Divali. This yearly ritual of kneading and praying with cow dung is known as the Govardhan puja (worship of Mount Govardhan). It is generally said to be the worship of the popular cowherd god Krishna and the natural environment he inhabits. Ethnographic research into the multiple meaningful layers of women’s cow dung sculptures in the rural villages nearby Udaipur (Rajasthan) reveals the ritual is more than that. The cow dung sculptures not only reflect Krishna’s body and sacred landscape but also the local environment women share with families, animals and (other) gods. Therefore, the article seeks to answer the following questions: how are women’s cow dung sculptures built up as ritual objects, what different images are expressed in them, and what do these images reveal about women’s intimate and gendered connections with their human and non-human environment? To answer these questions the article focuses on the iconography of women’s sculptures, the performance of the ritual, and the doorstep as the location where women’s beautification of the cow dung takes place.
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Sebastian, Nancy. "(Re)investigation of Rural Women’s Labour Supply in India: The Impact of Household Poverty Status—A Panel Data Analysis." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 13, no. 4 (2019): 436–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973801019868372.
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This article examines the role of household poverty in shaping rural female labour supply using the unique panel dataset of India Human Development Survey. The results using Vella and Verbeek’s two-step panel estimation reveal the presence of a backward-sloping labour supply curve for rural women from below poverty line households, and an upward-sloping labour supply for rural women from above poverty line (APL) households. This implies the existence of ‘forced’ or ‘need-based’ participation among poor women and justifies why they work long hours in poorly paid hazardous jobs. The article also finds horizontal labour supply among agriculture wage workers and for Adivasi and Dalit rural women to some extent, reflecting limited job options, and surplus unskilled labour who are unable to demand higher wages for their labour supply. On the other hand, when categorised by occupation type, the downward-sloping labour supply for rural women from APL households indicates the dominance of the income effect over the substitution effect, and the socio-cultural factors that gain strength as income levels increase. JEL Classification: J220, R21, J16, R230, I32
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Izolda Khasaia. "THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN SMALL SCALE TOURISM BUSINESSES IN RURAL IMERETI (GEORGIA) IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION." World Science 2, no. 10(38) (2018): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/31102018/6190.
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 Rural tourism is gradually becoming one of the most important instruments for economic development in Georgia. The rural parts of Georgia have a large amount of attractions suitable for tourism and a high percentage of the local population are trained craftsmen. The rural population also has a reputation for hospitality. More than 60% of Georgians live in rural areas and 58 % of total employment is found in these areas. Despite from this, calculations show that almost one million people in Georgia live in poverty. The purpose of this research is to look at the role of women entrepreneurs in small scale rural tourism in the region of Imereti. Research in this topic is relevant and necessary due to the problems of poverty, especially in rural parts Imereti. Taken into account the recent popularity of rural tourism globally, it is interesting to study the potential of tourism as an alternative for economic development in the Imereti region. The article especially concentrate on how rural tourism could be a potential field in which women can be more integrated economically, politically and socially.Based on interviews with a selection of women entrepreneurs the article discusses potential, possibilities and constraints of rural tourism in the Imereti region. Based on the findings, the article concludes with suggestions and further recommendations for the development of rural tourism in the Imereti region.
 
 
 
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Zervou, Regina. "Women and Carnival Space." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 25, no. 2 (2016): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2016.250204.
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This article focuses on gender relations through the performance of carnival rites in a North Aegean island rural community. Based on qualitative research, it approaches the women’s use of public space during carnival and the changes under the influence of women’s emancipation since the 1970s. The percentage of women, especially young girls, participating in carnival rites has risen dramatically over the last decade. However, not all carnival public spaces are equally open to women. The article examines the way women try to impose their presence on the strictly male universe of the carnival space and especially the marketplace, the traditional and timeless core of the carnival rites, where only men can pronounce the obscene carnival language, fruit of the kafeneion male discourse and the reactions of the male community to the novelties brought by feminism into the village.
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Kumar, Suman, Ayesha Ahmad, and Tamkin Khan Rabbani. "Epilepsy: Special Consideration in Women." International Journal of Infertility & Fetal Medicine 6, no. 1 (2015): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10016-1094.
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ABSTRACT Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorder complicating pregnancy. The article reviews various management issues in women in preconceptional, antenatal and postnatal period. An online search was carried out for articles on epilepsy in women and different aspects relating to contraception, conception, antenatal, intranatal and postnatal management. The available guidelines on the subject were also reviewed. How to cite this article Ahmad A, Rabbani TK, Kumar S. Epilepsy: Special Consideration in Women. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015; 6(1):11-14.
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Stovba, E. V. "THE FORMATION OF STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH." Scientific Journal ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 1, no. 181 (2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29030/2309-2076-2021-14-2-20-27.
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The article reveals the necessity to use a systematic approach when designing strategic plans and programs for the socio-economic development of rural municipalities in the present conditions of spatial and harmonious development of rural territories. The article has a word about methodological approaches to the formation and implementation of a strategy for sustainable rural development. The application of a systematic approach to strategic planning of sustainable rural development based on the foresight is methodologically justified. The article presents the results of foreseeing the economic development of rural territories of the Non-chernozem zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Summing up that the foresight technologies should be used as a system tool for developing a strategy for sustainable development of rural territorial systems
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Song, P. K., L. X. Li, Q. Q. Man, C. R. Wang, L. P. Meng, and J. Zhang. "P327: Case–control study on anemia among elderly women in three rural areas of China." European Geriatric Medicine 5 (September 2014): S184—S185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1878-7649(14)70491-7.
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Joshi, Prajakta Ganesh, Ganesh Arun Joshi, Sapna Jain, and Vijaya Dubey. "Nutritional status of pregnant women reporting at Rural Health Training Centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 9 (2017): 3846. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20173684.
Full textAbstract:
Background: United Nations had passed MDGs followed by SDGs, half of which are based on women’s health. Despite best efforts, malnutrition remains a major problem that affects our country. This is a significant risk factor for maternal and foetal mortality. This study was conducted to identify current status of maternal wellbeing in villages under an RHTC to get baseline for further interventional studies in the villages.Methods: A descriptive study was done on the rural pregnant patients attending RHTC of LNMC and JKH situated at outskirts of Bhopal was done. All pregnant women attending RHTC from January 2016 to June 2017 were studied for nutrition indicators. Their weight and height were recorded and haemoglobin was measured by Sahli’s Haemoglobinometer and the data was compared. WMA Declaration of Helsinki was followed during this study.Results: Two hundred participants in this study were between age ranges 17 to 35 years with gravidity level of the participants ranging 1 to 5. Their Body Mass Index (BMI) ranging 14 to 30. One fourth participants were having BMI of 18.5 or less and four fifth had anaemia.Conclusions: Majority of pregnant women reporting for prenatal checkup at RHTC are malnourished and anaemic. It is recommended to study government scheme at micro level if it is serving as cash incentive for frequent and multiple pregnancy to potentially catapult the desired effect to worsen the situation of maternal health on one side and population control on the other. Health education for the rural public is recommended.