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Books on the topic 'Article usage'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Untersuchungen zum Artikelgebrauch im Deutschen. Verlag Enzyklopädie, 1986.

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2

Articles. Harper-Collins, 1993.

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3

Artikelgebrauch im Deutschen: Eine Analyse aus der Perspektive des Polnischen. Narr Verlag, 2012.

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4

Ying wen guan ci yong fa shou ce: A handbook of English article usage. Wang wen she gu fen you xian gong si, 1992.

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5

A corpus-based study of proper names in present-day English: Aspects of gradience and article usage. Peter Lang, 2005.

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6

Klages-Kubitzki, Monika. Article usage in English: A computer-based self-teaching programme on the basis of a functional theory of reference. Peter Lang GMBH, 1995.

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7

Mair, Victor H. The need for an alphabetically arranged general usage dictionary of Mandarin Chinese: A review article of some recent dictionaries and current lexicographical projects. Order from Dept. of Oriental Studies, University of Pennsylvania/CU, 1986.

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8

Michel, Quentin. Articles nucléaires et articles à double usage: Régulation du commerce au sein de l'Union européenne. P.I.E.-P. Lang, 2001.

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9

Picoche, Jacqueline. Dictionnaire du français usuel: 15000 mots utiles en 442 articles. De Boeck Duculot, 2002.

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10

Picoche, Jacqueline. Dictionnaire du français usuel: 15.000 mots utiles en 442 articles. Duculot, 2002.

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11

Picoche, Jacqueline. Dictionnaire du franais usuel: 15.000 mots utiles en 442 articles. De Boeck / Duculot, 2001.

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12

Demessence, Thierry. Mieux e crire pour mieux se faire comprendre: Construire et re diger aujourd'hui discours, articles, e ditos, courriers. Chiron, 2006.

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13

Stefan, Vogenauer. Ch.1 General Provisions, General Provisions III: Arts 1.6–1.12—Application of the PICC, Art.1.9. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0013.

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This commentary focuses on Article 1.9 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC), which stipulates requirements for the bindingness of usages or practices established between the parties. Art 1.9 does not provide criteria for ascertaining the existence of such usages or practices, but rather presupposes their existence. The parties are bound by any usage to which they have agreed and by any practices which they have established between themselves. The parties are also bound by a usage that is widely known to and regularly observed in international trade by parties in the particular trade concerned except where the application of such a usage would be unreasonable. Art 1.9 also addresses burden of proof as a requirement for parties that claim that an established practice is binding.
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14

Tse, Grace Y. W. A Corpus-based Study of Proper Names in Present-day English: Aspects of Gradience And Article Usage (English Corpus Linguistics). Peter Lang Publishing, 2005.

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15

Article Usage in English: A Computer-Based Self-Teaching Programme on the Basis of a Functional Theory of Reference (Bamberger Beitrage Zur Englischen Sprachwissenschaft). Peter Lang Publishing, 1996.

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16

Article Usage In English: A Computer-based Self-teaching Programme On The Basis Of A Functional Theory Of Reference (Bamberger Beitrage Zur Englischen Sprachwissenschaft). Peter Lang Pub Inc, 1996.

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17

Davis, Michael. Whistleblowing. Edited by Hugh LaFollette. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199284238.003.0022.

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Whistleblowing is not so much a settled practice as a growing collection of acts in search of a unifying analysis. Indeed, there is even disagreement concerning which acts belong to the collection. This article gives one informed observer's sense of how whistleblowing should be understood, what moral and practical problems whistleblowing (so understood) raises, and how those problems might be resolved. The chief test of my recommendations is whether they help us understand whistleblowing better, not whether they fit usage.
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18

Levin, Ines, and Betsy Sinclair. Causal Inference with Complex Survey Designs. Edited by Lonna Rae Atkeson and R. Michael Alvarez. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213299.013.4.

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This article discusses methods that combine survey weighting and propensity score matching to estimate population average treatment effects. Beginning with an overview of causal inference techniques that incorporate data from complex surveys and the usefulness of survey weights, it then considers approaches for incorporating survey weights into three matching algorithms, along with their respective methodologies: nearest-neighbor matching, subclassification matching, and propensity score weighting. It also presents the results of a Monte Carlo simulation study that illustrates the benefits of incorporating survey weights into propensity score matching procedures, as well as the problems that arise when survey weights are ignored. Finally, it explores the differences between population-based inferences and sample-based inferences using real-world data from the 2012 panel of The American Panel Survey (TAPS). The article highlights the impact of social media usage on political participation, when such impact is not actually apparent in the target population.
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19

Manning, Patrick. Epistemology. Edited by Jerry H. Bentley. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.013.0007.

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This article poses questions and offers reflections on the most general type of thinking entailed in the study of world history. It addresses the common and contested ways of knowing the world and its past that are shared among us. It discusses the current state of epistemology in world history by giving brief and illustrative references to the development of global epistemology. The article focuses on current issues and current debates, regardless of whether they are new debates or old debates. The ‘historical record’ consists of the currently available evidence on past events. It can expand as more evidence is added with time and as new discoveries and new methods enable the retrieval of additional information on the past. But the historical record can contract as information is lost or forgotten. Finally and most common in usage is ‘history’ as representations of the past.
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20

Ackers, Peter. An Industrial Relations Perspective on Employee Participation. Edited by Adrian Wilkinson, Paul J. Gollan, Mick Marchington, and David Lewin. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199207268.003.0003.

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Industrial relations (IR) has two historical meanings. In one usage, the term describes public policy and the employment practices of employers and unions. But IR also refers to a specific academic perspective, centred on certain normative and theoretical principles. This article traces the argument between the British theorists of mainstream IR realism and their utopian ‘workers control’ protagonists. In the background, outside the mainstream IR community, runs a third, largely forgotten and widely despised, managerial, or unitarist view of organizational participation, as practiced on an ad hoc basis by a deviant group of British employers over the years and theorized by the human relations school from 1940s onwards. The approach here is highly selective and illustrative, rather than comprehensive. This article gives six historical examples of British IR approaches to organizational participation, which demonstrate the long and recurring intellectual dispute between radical utopians and pluralist realists.
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21

Kerins, Mark. Multichannel Gaming and the Aesthetics of Interactive Surround. Edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733866.013.014.

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This article appears in theOxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aestheticsedited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. This chapter examines multichannel sound—specifically 5.1-channel surround sound—in video games, using gaming genres to explore the varying ways that games structure the three-way relationship among a multichannel sound track, onscreen visuals, and the game play itself. This approach uncovers distinct strategies of multichannel usage in platformers, first-person shooters, third-person 3D games, and rhythm games, and shows how these differ from traditional cinematic multichannel uses, especially in the way they problematize the relationship between image and sound. These differing approaches to game aesthetics illustrate different ways of conceiving the relationship among players, their in-game avatars, and the game world, with the sound mixing “rules” programmed into a game revealing the type of immersion and interactivity the game can promote. For example, some strategies reinforce the player–avatar connection, whereas others increase the distance between them. The chapter concludes by considering how industrial and technical factors unique to gaming impact multichannel sound usage.
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22

Dever, Josh. What is Philosophical Methodology? Edited by Herman Cappelen, Tamar Szabó Gendler, and John Hawthorne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199668779.013.34.

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This article discusses what kind of thing a philosophical methodology (good or not) is or would be, and what kind of questions would count as methodological. The primary focus is on a “higher-order” reading, on which admissible answers are the epistemological methods that distinguish philosophy from the natural sciences and the humanities, or the pursuit of a description of reality at the most fundamental level. The article uses the term “Philosophical Methodology” to pick out questions of the higher order, and “philosophical methodology” for questions of the lower order. To provide a robust data pool, it takes all occurrences of the word “methodological” in entries of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophynford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, and considers what plausible theories of Philosophical Methodology can be fitted into that range of usage. It also discusses seven hypotheses that account for the nature of Philosophical Methodology: Eliminativism, Working-Hypothesism, Epistemologism, Theory Selectionism, Necessary Preconditionalism, Hierarchicalism, and Eliminatedivism.
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23

Arthur, John. Multiculturalism. Edited by Hugh LaFollette. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199284238.003.0017.

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Few ideas are as open to different interpretations these days, or as controversial, as multiculturalism. Like many other ‘isms’ — socialism, conservatism, fascism — multiculturalism is a political movement as well as a set of philosophical, social, and political ideas. Before looking at the range of positions associated with multiculturalism, this article first describes its historical origins and the social forces that came together to create it. ‘Multiculturalism’ is a term that has, in Nathan Blum's phrase, both ‘great currency’ and ‘imprecise usage’. It is also a relatively new word, making its first recorded appearances in Canada and Australia during the 1970s, at a time when both countries were struggling to deal with large influxes of non-European immigrants and with a new-found appreciation of the mistreatment of their own indigenous peoples.
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24

Ross G, Anderson. Ch.2 Formation and authority of agents, Formation II: Arts 2.1.6–2.1.14—Acceptance, Art.2.1.6. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0022.

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This commentary focuses on Article 2.1.6 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the mode of acceptance of an offer. Art 2.1.6 stipulates that a statement made by or other conduct of the offeree indicating assent to an offer is an acceptance. Silence or inactivity does not in itself amount to acceptance. Acceptance of an offer becomes effective when the indication of assent reaches the offeror. However, if, by virtue of the offer or as a result of practices which the parties have established between themselves or of usage, the offeree may indicate assent by performing an act without notice to the offeror, the acceptance is effective when the act is performed. Art 2.1.6 explains explicit and implicit indication of assent, silence or inactivity as acceptance, effectiveness of acceptance, order of communications and labels, and burden of proof.
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25

Crystal, David. Punch as a satirical usage guide. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808206.003.0006.

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Punch magazine is a primary source for popular attitudes to language in the nineteenth century. This chapter presents the findings of a comprehensive search of the issues published in the Victorian era, between 1841 and 1901, to determine which linguistic topics provided the motivation for articles and cartoons. Particular attention is devoted to grammar (especially the ongoing influence of Lindley Murray) and pronunciation (especially the use and abuse of ‘letter H’), but a number of other themes also emerged, notably in relation to vocabulary, slang, orthography, and style. Languages other than English (especially French) also receive satirical attention. A chronologically organized appendix lists all the items found.
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26

Dionne, Valérie M. Montaigne on Justice and Law. Edited by Philippe Desan. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215330.013.27.

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This article examines the distinction that Montaigne makes between law and justice, between the words of the law and the ideal of justice. In refuting the concepts of divine justice and natural law, he demystifies justice and hopes to humanize law. He does not criticize the force of the law, but he condemns violence in the name of justice, and illustrates that justice as an ideal is problematic because impartial judgment is all but impossible to attain. Courts must not imagine that they operate in the image of God as purveyor of an absolute justice. Rather the authority of the law derives from usage alone. Judges must therefore uphold human dignity by recognizing the impossibility of judicial certainty and moderate the severity of their sentences accordingly. Montaigne lays the groundwork for modern views of alternative solutions to punishment, and for understanding the fallibility of the ideal of justice.
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27

Frey, Jörg. Dualism and the World in the Gospel and Letters of John. Edited by Judith M. Lieu and Martinus C. de Boer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739982.013.16.

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The article first discusses definitions of the term dualism on the basis of its usage in modern scholarship, including a taxonomy of various types of dualistic oppositions in early Jewish and early Christian texts. In the second section, the author provides a brief sketch of the application of the term in Johannine studies, especially in the Bultmann school and in the debate on the influence of Qumran texts and ideas. He then describes various elements of dualistic language in the Gospel and the Epistles of John, including names of eschatological opponents, the spatial categories of above and below, the metaphoric language of light and darkness, the notion of a final eschatological destiny of life or death, and the opposition of the community and the world. On the basis of those observations, the function of the dualistic language elements in the Gospel and Epistles of John is determined.
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28

Jockers, Matthew L. Nationality. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037528.003.0007.

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This chapter explores the potential influences or entailments of nationality on authorial style. Nations have distinct linguistic habits of style. For example, the British have the propensity to drop the word the in front of certain nouns for which American speakers and writers always deploy the article. This explains why the mean relative frequency of the word the is lower in British and Irish novels than in American novels. In this chapter, an analysis of a corpus of 3,346 nineteenth-century American and British novels reveals that British authors use the word the at a rate of 5 percent, compared to 6 percent for their American counterparts. Thus, the word the is a strong indicator of author nationality, at least when trying to differentiate between British and American texts. This chapter discusses the results of author nationality analyses, along with word usage analyses, for British, American, and Irish novels. It demonstrates what stylistic or linguistic feature analyses can provide in terms of separating writers by nationality.
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29

Parker. Pamphlets in Defence of the Oxford Usage of Subscription to the Xxxix Articles at Matriculation. HardPress, 2020.

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30

Stefan, Vogenauer. Ch.5 Content, third party rights and conditions, s.1: Content, Art.5.1.2. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0085.

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This commentary focuses on Article 5.1.2 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning implied contractual obligations. According to Art 5.1.2, implied obligations stem from the nature and purpose of the contract as well as practices established between the parties and usages. Arts 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 cover the same ground as Art 4.8. It does not matter which of these provisions is applied.
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31

Kamundia, Elizabeth. Kenya. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786627.003.0010.

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This chapter describes the use of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) by Kenyan courts. The chapter analyses fourteen cases in which Kenyan courts have made reference to the CRPD and finds that there is a steady increase in the usage of CRPD provisions by Kenyan courts, particularly since the coming into force of the Constitution of Kenya in 2010 which transformed Kenya into a monist state. The most widespread use of the CRPD is to support a decision that would have been reached anyway, based on other sources; however, in a few cases, the CRPD has significantly impacted on court judgments. The vast majority of references to the CRPD in court cases were references to specific CRPD articles including Articles 2, 4, 5, 12, 26, 27, 28 and 29. Kenyan courts are not currently engaging in a transnational dialogue regarding the CRPD.
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32

Stefan, Vogenauer. Ch.4 Interpretation, Art.4.3. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0078.

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This commentary focuses on Article 4.3 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning relevant circumstances, factors, aspects, or criteria that are to be used in establishing the intention of the parties or the understanding of reasonable persons. Relevant circumstances that are important in contractual interpretation include words used by the parties, internal context of the contract, preliminary negotiations between the parties, practices established between the parties, subsequent conduct of the parties, nature and purpose of the contract, meaning commonly given to terms and conditions in the trade concerned, usages, and policy arguments. This commentary also discusses the weight of the relevant circumstances and the burden of proof of the party that wishes to rely on a relevant circumstance in support of a particular interpretation.
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33

Tax administration: Increasing EFT usage for installment agreements could benefit IRS : report to congressional requesters. The Office, 1998.

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34

Stefan, Vogenauer. Ch.1 General Provisions, Introduction to Chapter 1 of the PICC. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0004.

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This chapter contains three groups of ‘general provisions’ of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC). The first group deals with fundamental principles of contract law, including freedom of contract, freedom from formal requirements, the bindingness of contract, good faith and fair dealing, and the so-called ‘prohibition of inconsistent behaviour’. The second group of provisions addresses the role and function of mandatory rules and the third group deals with the application of the PICC, focusing on general guidelines for the interpretation of the various articles of the instrument; specific key terms that are used throughout the following Chapters of the PICC such as ‘court’, ‘place of business’, ‘obligor’, ‘obligee’, and ‘writing’; the role of usages and practices established between the parties; and rules for certain scenarios that may arise in various contexts if the PICC apply.
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35

Krawatzek, Félix. Youth in Regime Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826842.001.0001.

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How do political regimes respond to the challenges emanating from youth mobilization? This book seeks to understand regime resilience and breakdown by analysing the public meaning of youth, as well as the physical mobilization of young people. Mobilization by young people is a key component in understanding the stabilization of the authoritarian regime structures in contemporary Russia, but the Russian experience makes sense only if placed in its broader historical context. Three comparative cases—the breakdown of the authoritarian Soviet Union, the breakdown of the democratic Weimar Republic, and the crisis of the democratic regime in France around 1968—highlight how regimes which lacked popular support have compensated for their insufficient legitimacy by trying to mobilize youth symbolically and politically. This book illustrates the symbolic significance of youth and its role in regime crisis by analysing a new dataset of newspaper articles with a new method of discourse analysis. The combination of qualitative interpretation and quantitative network analysis enables a deeper and more systematic understanding of discursive structures about youth. Through this methodological innovation the book contributes to the way we define the categories of youth, generation, and crisis. It makes the case that our conceptualization should reflect the way terms are being used—usages that can be captured in a systematic way with new methods of discourse analysis.
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