Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Articulations – Maladies'
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Grimaud, Eva. "Implications des systèmes LIF/gp130/gp190 et OPG/RANK/RANK-L dans la physiologie ostéoarticulaire." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT24VS.
Full textMany factors and molecules whose nature and roles are not yet entirely elucidated intervene in osteoarticular physiopathology. This work presents the implication of two molecular systems, LIF (Leukemia inhibitory factor)/gp130/gp190 and OPG (osteoprotegerin)/RANK(receptor activator of nuclear Factor kappa b)/RANK-L (RANK-ligand) in developmental cartilage and ostearticular pathologies. The first part of this study highlighted the presence of LIF by immunohistochemistry in the hypertrophic chondrocytes and the conjonctivo-vascular buds on sections of rat femur during endochondral ossification. These results were also confirmed at human. The presence of LIF and its expression were also highlighted by the same technique, like RT-PCR, in a cartilaginous tumour of rat, the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. These results suggest that LIF could be implied in the differentiation of the cartilaginous cells. In a second part, the expression of LIF and its receiving chains gp130 and gp190 was studied during various stages of endochondral ossification in vitro with cellular cell line ATDC5. . .
Leroy, Chloé Bellemère Philippe. "Devenir socioprofessionnel des patients opérés d'une épicondylalgie à propos de 82 cas /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=19431.
Full textJunglee, Tajbee. "Les para-ostéo-arthropathies neurogènes (POAN) : à propos d'une étude de trente cas." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25044.
Full textThèves-Teilhaud, Cécile. "Grossesse et sport : conséquences sur l'appareil ostéo-ligamentaire." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M052.
Full textTonnel-Ferroul, Julie. "Complications pulmonaires, hépatiques et ostéoarticulaires consécutives à l'instillation intra-vésicale de B. C. G : à propos de 3 observations." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR2M054.
Full textPascal, Philippe. "Les para-ostéo-arthropathies neurogènes." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23025.
Full textFirmin, Nathaly. "Manifestations ostéo-articulaires associées aux cirrhoses biliaire primitive: à propos de deux cas de pseudo-polyarthrite rhizomélique." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M212.
Full textPayan-Lepain, Elisabeth. "Acide hyaluronique et physiopathologie articulaire." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10444.
Full textGaborit, Nadège. "Intérêt de la vectorisation et/ou de l’induction des protéines de stress dans les modèles expérimentaux de pathologies ostéoarticulaires : Validation de l’électroporation biphasique." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10127/document.
Full textDuring articular diseases, chondrocytes suffer different mechanisms which take part in the degradation of the cartilage, either by generating cell death by apoptosis (without renewal of extracellular matrix components), or by protease activation which destroy matrix components. Based on the cytoprotective potential of Heat Shock proteins (Hsp70 and Hsp27) during degenerative diseases, we evaluated the therapeutic interest of these proteins induced by a transient proteasome inhibitor (MG132), in an experimental model, by transection of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACLT). During this study, we have evaluated a new electroporation system to overexpress HSPs in articular cartilage. This technique is based on two sets of electric pulses, wich have two roles, to permeabilize the target and to transport DNA across the permeabilized membrane. We have developed expression vectors to generate a fusion protein (Hsps linked to GFP). Effectively, GFP permit to detect simply the fusion protein in the targeted tissue by fluorescence. Besides, we have evaluated safety and efficiency of electric pulses on healthy and alterated tissues (degenerative and inflammatory). We have reported that this technique could limit articular tissue damages and, moreover, could offer the ability to target more specifically this tissue. Indeed, this apparatus allows a great number of electrics pulses combinations (number, frequency, intensity). Finally, the effects of the induction via MG132 of Hsps in a physiopathological ACLT model, have been evaluated and we have shown a decrease of severity of joint lesions, in cartilage and synovial tissues. This molecule has the advantage to reinforce the resistance of chondrocytes at stressful stimuli and moreover, to limite the amplitude of inflammatory response which contribute to the magnification of extracellular matrix destruction
La, Caroline. "Etude des interactions entre la peau, les intestins et les articulations dans un contexte inflammatoire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/312221/4/Table.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Demay, Omowalé. "Le syndrome de Fiessinger Leroy Reiter : à propos de 4 observations." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23085.
Full textBoyault, Sandrine. "Modulation des effets et de la production de l'interleukine-1ß par des ligands des récepteurs nucléaires : PPAR, "peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor" et RORα "retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha" dans les tissus de l'articulation." Nancy 1, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2003_0245_BOYAULT.pdf.
Full textMarcé, Stéphane. "Cirrhose biliaire primitive et manifestations rhumatologiques." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23081.
Full textBui, Catherine. "Exploration des enzymes de biosynthèse des protéoglycanes et leurs altérations lors de pathologies articulaires." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10100/document.
Full textLocated at the cell-tissue-organ interface, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) facilitate ligand-receptor interactions crucial to many physiopathological processes. The synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) requires the coordinated action of an array of glycosyltransferases (GTs) and sulfotransferases (STs). Although the biosynthetic scheme of HSPGs has been outlined, little is known about the regulation of this complex process. In the first part of our work, we performed structure-function studies of the human ß1,4-galactosyltransferase 7 (ß4GalT7) which catalyses a key step of the initiation of GAG synthesis and identified two conserved domains D163VD165 and 221FWGWGREDDE230 in the ß4GalT family. In vitro studies combined to ex vivo analysis of PG synthesis by 35S incorporation allowed us to determine the impact of site-directed mutations on the catalytic and functional properties of ß4GalT7. We identified key residues for donor UDP-galactose/Mn2+ and acceptor substrate binding, and catalysis. Secondarily, to investigate more in depth the mechanisms involved in the regulation of PG biosynthetic pathway, we inspected the 5’ region of the genes coding for GT and ST enzymes and identified the presence of typical CpG islands with the most striking hypermethylation pattern for the 3-OST gene subfamily in the chondrosarcoma cell line H-EMC-SS (HEMC). Aberrant methylation was associated with downregulation of these genes and altered HS-GAG chains, as demonstrated both at biochemical and cellular levels. Treatment of cells with an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases (5-aza-2’deoxycytidine) or reintroduction of 3-OST cDNA expression into HEMC cells resulted in a decrease in the proliferative and migration capacities of HEMC cells, and augmented adhesion ability of the cells. These findings underline the significance of HS alterations in the invasive phenotype of HEMC and identify 3-O-sulfation as a contributing factor to this process. We show for the first time that a specific set of HS-O-sulfotransferases is regulated via an epigenetic mechanism in HEMC cells, may be of particular relevance in understanding the process of cartilage tumor pathogenesis, towards the development of therapies targeting DNA methylation
Ziadé, Nelly. "Impact des pathologies ostéo-articulaires sur la mortalité de la population française : évolution au cours des quatre dernières décennies." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05S013.
Full textAssessing the impact of a disease on the population mortality leads to quantifying the contribution of this problem to the global burden at the population level. The impact on mortality reflects the weight of this pathology in terms of public health, and its longitudinal measurement sometimes provides etiological hypotheses that allow to explain trends over time and to guide preventive interventions. Assessing the impact on mortality at the population level is based on the analysis of national statistics on deaths. This is the only data source available nationwide, exhaustive and continual over several decades. This thesis focuses on osteoarticulardiseases, which represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in the elderly population. Two osteo-articular diseases were selected, because of their high burden of disease and the major therapeutic advances witnessed in the last two decades: rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoporotic fractures. Objective. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the population-level impact of the mentioned osteoarticular diseases on the mortality of the French population, based on the analysis of nationwide death statistics, and to estimate the trends over the last four decades. Specific dedicated methodologies were developed. Material and Methods. Nearly 20 million death certificates were analyzed. In RA, a multiple cause of death analysis was used, allowing the identification of RA, which is a disease mostly certified as an associated cause of death, at any level of the certificate and also the evaluation of the associated causes of death. As for osteoporotic fractures, a new methodology was developed. It relied on the elaboration of a new operational definition, using different components in the death certificate, particularly medical causes of death as coded according to the ICD, and based on the currently acknowledged clinical definitions of osteoporotic fractures. For both diseases, mortality rates were analyzed using Poisson regression. Annual standardized mortality rates were calculated by direct standardization using the 1990 French population as reference. Age-specific mortality rates were also calculated. Mean age at death was identified and compared to the general population. Associated causes of death were identified; their association with the disease was tested using the ratio O/E method (observed/expected pairs). Results. A significant impact of RA on mortality was identified (0. 22% of deaths). This impact decreased between 1970 and 1990, but a trend towards an increase, particularly in women, was identified starting 1990. It was driven by the increase of death rates in the most aged categories (>84 years-old). The multiple causes of death analysis allowed the identification of three times more death related to RA than the traditional approach based on the initial cause of death. It confirmed that RA related mortality seems to depend on comorbidities in part and identified a change of the pattern of associated causes of death. As for osteoporotic fractures, the methodology that was developed allowed to classify as osteoporotic all fractures occurring after the age of 70 years, in both sexes and all sites, after the exclusion of the corrected number of high-energy fractures. Based on this methodology, a significant impact of osteoporotic fractures on mortality was identified (2. 2% of deaths). A significant decline (by half) was observed during the studied period, mainly driven by hip fractures and accessorily by skull fractures. Mentions of pelvis, vertebral and ribs fractures increased with time. Comorbidities increased with time. Conclusion. Several approaches to the analysis of causes of death from national statistics of death were used. A multiple cause of death analysis was applied to quantify the impact of a chronic disease on mortality, as rheumatoid arthritis. For osteoporosis fractures, a new methodology was developed, involving the crossclassifications of information contained on the certificate, allowing quantifying the impact of diseases of complex definition on the population mortality. The application of theses methodologies on the French population across nearly four decades identified a significant impact of osteo-articular diseases on the mortality of the general population, as well as varying and complex trends over time and an important role of associatedpathologies, reflecting to the general fragility of patients
Bonotto, Bruno. "L'arthropathie des amyloses AL : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M008.
Full textSourisseau, Gaëlle. "Traitement des arthropathies de l'hémochromatose génétique par le pamidronate de sodium." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23009.
Full textRojas-Sepùlveda, Claudia Mercedes. "Relations homme-environnement en Amérique du Sud précolombienne : approche paléoépidémiologique de la maladie articulaire dégénérative et des marqueurs osseux d'activités chez des populations anciennes des régions andines septentrionales et panaméennes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20689.
Full textWinzenrieth, Renaud. "Caractérisation et modélisation de la hanche chez l'enfant par IRM : application à la maladie de Legg-Calvé-Perthes." Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1545.
Full textLegg-Calvé-Perthes disease is defined as an idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral epiphysis leading to biomechanical disorders. It affects a number of children, more frequently boys. It is in this clinical context that our study characterizes and models the hip. This study has been performed to better understand the various stages of the disease and the objective factors to identify the prospective classification of the disease. For this, two complementary approaches were elaborated: a biomechanical approach modelling the articulation and evaluating the applied mechanical stress; and an image processing approach, allowing to obtain the joint geometry, the biomechanical characterization of the joint tissues and the vascularization of the femoral head
Gouze, Jean-Noël. "Action antagoniste de la glucosamine sur les effets délétères de l'interleukine-1 ou des compressions mécaniques sur la synthèse des protéoglycanes dans des cultures chondrocytaires." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN12018.
Full textEarly stages of articular disease are characterized by a breakdown of cartilage homeostasis notably due to a biosynthesis inhibition of matricial components. Our works concerns the IL-1 and mechanical compression deleterious effects in an articular cartilage damage observed in an origjnal model of chondrocyte culture. We first have determined the krey role of GIcAT-I (an enzyme implicated in GAG elongation chain) on the decrease of PG synthesis. Moreover, we have shown that glucosamine reserves the IL-1 mechanical compression-mediated effects on anabolic, catabolic enzymes and on differents pro-inflammatory parameters. The glucosamine beneficial effects can be in part explained by an action at the receptorial level and on activation of NF-kB. This study improves knowledge of beneficial glucosamine effects on articular osteoarthritic cartilage by the identification of two targets on IL-1 signaling pathways
Zille, Hervé. "Nanoparticules recouvertes de dérivés amphiphiles de hyaluronate pour la vectorisation de molécules d'intérêt pour le traitement des pathologies de l'articulation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0320/document.
Full textA defect in articular cartilage yield to a biological response of the chondrocytes but it is not sufficient to stop the damage or heal the tissue. The non-chirurgical therapies available are based on anti-inflammatory, to relieve the pain. But, many molecules which might have therapeutic effects are not used because of poor bioavailability or severe side effects. Here, we described the elaboration of polymeric nanoparticles that can enhance articular bioavailability of entrapped drugs. One can reach this goal by using HA derivatives at the surface of such particles. HA is a polysaccharide naturally present in the joint, with a strong affinity for one receptor expressed by the chondrocytes: CD44. Such an active targeting will allow the accumulation of drugs near or in the cells (internalization) and therefore, lead to biological effects with lower concentration. We chemically modified the HA by esterification with hydrophobic chains to confer tensio-actives properties. Then, those derivatives were used to stabilize the formulation of polymeric particles and the characterization (size, distribution and amount of HA derivatives present) was determined. The encapsulation of fluorescent probes proved in vitro an internalization by the chondrocytes. Moreover, intra-articular (ia) injection of particles in healthy rats did not generate any inflammation. Entrapment of molecules (HA or Chondroitin Sulfate) was possible but the size was higher and the encapsulated amount could not be precisely measured. This work is promising for new therapies in articular diseases, the ia injection of polymeric particles covered by HA derivatives allow an active targeting of the entrapped drugs
Rupp, Paul-Antoine. "Spondylarthropathie destructive découverte par une paraplégie progressive chez un patient dialysé depuis 12 ans, évolution favorable aprés chirurgie." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M119.
Full textCambon-Palazzo, Clémence. "Evaluation de la contribution des maladies musculosquelettiques au handicap en France à partir de l'enquête Handicap-santé." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC018.
Full textIntroduction : Representative national data on disability are becoming increasingly important in helping policymakers decide on public health strategies. Objective : to assess the contribution of rheumatologic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) to disability in France 1) comparing disabilities attributable to RMDs to disabilities attributable to other chronic disorders, 2) evaluating disabilities encountered in different Methods : Data on diseases and on disability for 29,931 subjects living in households were extracted from the national 2008-2009 Disability-Health Survey results. A weighting factor was applied to obtain representative estimates for the French population. Diagnosis and disabilities were self-reported. In the first part, disability was defined as at least one restriction in activities of daily living (ADL), severe disability as the inability to perform at least one ADL atone, and self-reported disability as a general feeling of being disabled. In the second part, we used the core set of disability categories for RMDs of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for analysis. To account for comorbidities, we assessed the contribution of each chronic disorder to disability by using the average attributable fraction (AAF). This could be defined as the proportion of disability that could be avoided eliminating the disease. Results: Neurological, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular chronic disorders mainly contribute to disability in France. Neurological and musculoskeletal diseases had the largest impact on disability (AAF 17. 4% and 16. 4%, respectively). Neurological disorders contributed the most to severe disability (AAF 31. 0%). Musculoskeletal and sensorial impairments contributed the most to self-reported disability (AAF 15. 4% and 12. 3%). Cardiovascular conditions were also among the top four contributors to disability categories (AAFs 8. 5%-11. 1%). Overall, 27. 7% (about 17. 3 million people) (95% CI 26. 9-28. 4%) of the population reported having at least one RMD. The most prevalent RMDs were low back pain (12. 5%, 12. 1-13. 1) and osteoarthritis (12. 3%, 11. 8-12. 7). Osteoarthritis was the main contributor to activity limitations (AAF 22% for walking difficulties, 18. 6% for difficulties in carrying objects, and 12. 8% for difficulties in dressing were attributable to OA). OA was also a contributor to need for human assistance (9. 2% of the need for help from immediate family, 11. 8% of the need for help from health professionals were attributable to OA), and to health service delivery (AAF 8. 9%). Changing jobs was mainly attributed to neck pain (AAF 13%) and low back pain (11. 5%). Conclusion : Our findings provide an overview of disabilities attributable to chronic diseases and RMDs in France. They may help to convince policymakers of the need to focus on RMDs to improve population health
Boileau, Christelle. "Conséquences articulaires de la sélectivité d'inhibition des COXs par les AINS dans des modèles expérimentaux d'arthropathie." Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0313_BOILEAU.pdf.
Full textBriot, Jérôme. "Contribution à la quantification objective des pathologies ostéo-articulaires par une approche interdisciplinaire en imagerie et biomécanique." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30161.
Full textFilali, Samira. "Interactions entre cellules et facteurs solubles dans les maladies articulaires chroniques : compréhension et ciblage thérapeutique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1294.
Full textSynoviocytes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic joint diseases, particularly in the osteoarticular destruction phase by becoming resistant to apoptosis. A first study has demonstrated an antiproliferative efficacy of cadmium mineral on these synoviocytes. A proof of concept of a new intra-articular cadmium-based therapeutic product has been developed. This innovative pharmaceutical preparation, developed to prevent the spread of mineral cadmium in the body, contained cadmium-based nanoparticles, which can be administered in liquid form at room temperature and gelled at body temperature, forming micelles containing nanoparticles, thus crossing the synovial cavity. Initially, the reproducibility of the antiproliferative effect of cadmium between the mineral form and the nanoparticles was verified in an in vitro model of human synoviocytes with rheumatoid arthritis. A different uptake of nanoparticles according to the inflammatory or pathological environment of synoviocytes was then explained by the massive modification of their morphologies. Similarly, the effect of inflammation on the physical properties of the vesicles, secreted by synoviocytes, consolidated the choice of the characteristics of the formulation.Tests on arthritis models in rats have demonstrated the effectiveness of this new original preparation, easily injectable intra-articular, reducing clinical scores with a single injection. This local therapy can be a quick technique and achievable in outpatient
Mrugala, Dominique. "Cellules souches mésenchymateuses et ingénierie du cartilage : identification de facteurs chrondrogéniques et développement d'un modèle pré-clinique de réparation du cartilage chez l'ovin." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T026.
Full textRopars, Mickaël. "Contribution clinique et biomécanique au diagnostic d’hyperlaxité de l’épaule." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20010.
Full textThe aim of this study was to give a new definition to shoulder hyperlaxity. This work was conduced with clinical, surgical andmotion capture experimentations. We first gave a definition of hyperlaxity, as described actually in the literature, and its link with shoulder instability and treatment. Chapter 1 described also motion capture technics used along this work. Then, several studies were proposed. Study n°2 was a surgical one, and tempted to correlate peroperative capsular laxity and hyperlaxity. Therafter, study n°3 looked for an optimized way to examine external rotation of the shoulder. Studies N° 4 and 5 used motion capture analysis to assess clinical shoulder examination patterns and global reachable shoulder space volume. This volume was finally correlated to shoulder sign of hyperlaxity in study n°6. The last chapter, « general conclusions and perspectives » gather together conclusions of each study and redefine hyperlaxity. Finally, we report our prospect, giving first results of an anatomical study exploring the volumetric definition of shoulder range of motion described previously
Bourgeois, Éric. "Manifestations osteo-articulaires chez les parkinsoniens : a propos de 103 cas." Reims, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REIMM050.
Full textROUX, CAIRE LAURENCE. "Diagnostic et traitement des maladies de l'articulation temporo-mandibulaire d'apres farrar et mc carthy." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20264.
Full textVoisin, Véronique. "Intérêt de la tomodensitométrie dans l'exploration de la pathologie sacro-iliaque : à propos de 93 cas." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3123.
Full textSchmitt, Katharina. "Les arthrodèses médio-tarsiennes selon J. Steinhäuser : à propos de 23 malades opérés au Centre de traumatologie et d'orthopédie de la C.R.A.M.A.M. de Strasbourg." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR1M072.
Full textLELIEVRE, ANTOINE. "La maladie de horton : a propos d'une observation particuliere par ses manifestations et par son mode de diagnostic." Amiens, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AMIEM058.
Full textTaïeb, Mahdia. "Investigation des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans les anomalies du développement ostéoarticulaire chez la souris invalidée pour le gène de la Xylosyltransférase I." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0032/document.
Full textProteoglycans (PGs) play an essential role in several major physiological processes such as cell signaling, proliferation and migration; this is mainly due to the interactions between their glycosaminoglycan chains (GAGs) with soluble mediators and their receptors. The initiation of the synthesis of GAG chains of PGs is catalyzed by Xylosyltransferase I (XT-I). Recently several studies have shown that mutations in XT-I gene are associated with Desbuquois syndrome type II which is characterized by skeletal abnormalities. To study the role of XT-I in skeletal development, we generated knockout mice for the XT-I gene (XT-I KO). XT-I KO mice show pronounced dwarfism and apparent frontonasal hypoplasia reflecting abnormalities in skeletal development. Evaluation of PG content revealed a strong decrease in PG synthesis in XT-I KO mice. Analysis of the different chondrocyte zones in the growth plate revealed a loss of columnar organization of proliferative chondrocyte and a significant reduction of the hypertrophic zone. To identify the mechanisms and factors underlying skeletal abnormalities in XT-I KO mice, the expression of several genes involved in skeletal development and in the regulation of chondrogenesis were analyzed by in situ hybridization using RNAscope technique. The results showed a strong expression of markers of chondrocyte hypertrophy thus suggesting early maturation of chondrocytes in XT-I KO mice. The XT-I KO embryos show also a premature formation of the secondary ossification center, indicating a precocious ossification which ultimately leads to the growth abnormalities showed in XT-I KO mice. The study of the signaling pathways involved in differentiation and chondrocyte maturation revealed an overexpression of the FGFR3 receptor and a significant activation of the downstream signaling pathways, thus suggesting disturbances of FGF signaling. Given the important role of FGFR3 in the regulation of chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification, these results strongly suggest the involvement of the FGF pathway in the development of skeletal abnormalities in XT-I KO mice and pave the way for the development of new therapeutics for the treatment of patients with Desbuquois syndrome type II
Bousquet, Vincent. "L'arthroplastie prothétique de l'épaule : à propos de 26 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23015.
Full textLevy, Joël. "L'arthroscope interventionnel multi-canaux de l'articulation temporo-mandibulaire." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23051.
Full textKoufany, Meriem. "Étude de la contribution des récepteurs activés par les proliférateurs de peroxysomes en physiopathologie articulaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0230/document.
Full textPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors implicated in lipid metabolism and glucose tolerance. Once activated by specific agonists, PPARs control inflammation associated with numerous diseases, notably Rheumatoid arthritis. The first study presented here aim to compare the anti-arthritic potency of two high-affinity synthetic agonists for PPARα and PPARγ in an experimental model. Then we focused on the effect of pioglitazone, a high-affinity synthetic agonists for PPARγ, and demonstrated that a per os treatment with this agonist not only reduced experimental arthritis but also inhibited partly inflammation-related bone loss by preserving bone microarchitecture. We pointed out that PPARγ, on one hand, regulated local and systemic expression of interleukine-17 (IL-17) and RANKL and on the other hand, inhibited expression of transcription factor RORγt, a main regulator of IL-17/Th17 pathway. Study of mice deficient for PPARγ confirmed its major role in the development of the arthritic process since these mice developed spontaneously arthritis. Of interest arthritis in these mice is associated with increased number of synovial mast cells able to produce IL-17 and their own differenciation factor, the SCF. Finally, we discussed the possible link between inflammatory arthritis and mastocytosis in a case report of a patient suffering from rheumatoid arthritis concomitant to systemic mastocytosis
Ager, Amanda. "The effectiveness of an upper extremity neuromuscular training program on the shoulder function of military members with a rotator cuff tendinopathy : a pilot randomized controlled trial." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30269.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The shoulder is the most mobile joint of the body which means that it heavily relies of an important level of neuromuscular control at all times. A rotator cuff (RC) complex provides stability to the shoulder and often times falls victim to injury, which can produce functional limitations during activities of daily living and work tasks. Individuals affected by an RC tendinopathy often have neuromuscular and proprioceptive deficits. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study are to (i) conduct a systematic review to identify methods of quantifying shoulder proprioception in a laboratory and clinical setting and to present the associated psychometric properties. (ii) To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel neuromuscular training program for the upper extremities versus one-on-one physiotherapy care (manual therapy, range of motion exercises, strengthening) for the reduction of shoulder pain and improvement in function with soldiers affected by an RC tendinopathy. METHODS: (i) A review of five databases was conducted from conception to July 2016 to identify studies that reported at least one psychometric property of a shoulder proprioception protocol. The included studies were evaluated using the QualSyst checklist and the 4-point COSMIN scale. (ii) Thirty-three military personnel with the Canadian Armed Forces were randomly assigned to one of the following interventions: 1) Upper Extremity Neuromuscular Training Program; (2) usual physiotherapy care. The main outcomes included symptoms and functional capacity assessed using the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. A secondary outcome included the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) Index. Outcome measures were evaluated at baseline (T0) and 6 (T6) and 12 (T12) weeks post-intervention. The effects of the interventions were evaluated using repeated 2-way variance measures (ANOVAs) for a per-protocol analysis and intention-to-treat. RESULTS: i) Twenty-one studies were included, resulting in 407 participants and 553 evaluated shoulders (n). The weighed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for intra-rater reliability were highest for passive joint position sense and kinesthesia, ICC = 0.92 ± 0.07 (n = 214) and ICC = 0.92 ± 0.04 (n = 74), respectively. The most reliable direction of movement and equipment used were internal rotation at 90° abduction, ICC = 0.88 ± 0.01 (n = 53), and the dynamometer, ICC = 0.92 ± 0.88 (N = 225). ii) No significant group (p ≥ 0.1) or group × time interactions (p ≥ 0.1) were found; though a statistically significant time effect (p < 0.001) was established for the DASH questionnaire and WORC Index. Our preliminary data suggests a marginally better improvement with the control group with all outcomes over 12 weeks. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of shoulder proprioception is most reliable when using a passive protocol with an isokinetic dynamometer for internal rotation at 90° shoulder abduction. The preliminary results of our pilot RCT suggest that both groups statistically improved with a time effect, but that the usual care group further demonstrated clinically significant gains. The results of this study will provide clinicians with potential guidelines for measuring shoulder proprioception in a clinical setting, as well as an innovative approach to group therapy that is potentially less costly and equally as effective as conventional one-on-one physiotherapy. Key words (4-6) : Shoulder, tendinopathy, motor control, proprioception, exercise program, physiotherapy care
Fournier, Belley Amélie. "La stimulation transcrânienne par courant direct pour potentialiser la réadaptation des personnes atteintes d'une tendinopathie de la coiffe des rotateurs." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28322.
Full textBACKGROUND: Rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy results in pain and functional limitations, and these deficits can be explained, in part, by an alteration of shoulder motor control. For treatment of RC tendinopathy, sensorimotor training has been shown to be effective to reduce symptoms and improve function, as well as optimize shoulder motor control. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS), an electrostimulation technique known to modulate the motor cortex excitability, has been shown to enhance the effects of sensorimotor training in neurological populations. The addition of a-tDCS during a rehabilitation program centered on sensorimotor training could enhance motor learning associated with sensorimotor training and thus improve treatment outcome. OBJECTIVE: To compare a group receiving a rehabilitation program centered on sensorimotor training with a-tDCS to a group receiving the same rehabilitation program with sham a-tDCS. METHODS: Forty adults with RC tendinopathy part in the 4 evaluation sessions (0, 3, 6, 12 weeks) and the 8 supervised physiotherapy treatments during the 6-week rehabilitation program (education, sensorimotor training, strengthening) of this triple-blind randomized control trial (evaluator, physiotherapist and participants). Outcome measures were symptoms and functional limitations (Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH] and the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff [WORC] index), as well as acromiohumeral distance (AHD; ultrasonographic measurement at 0° and 60° of elevation arm). A-tDCS (1.5 mA for 30 minutes) was applied during sensorimotor training on the motor cortex contralateral to the side of pain. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant improvement in DASH and WORC at 3, 6 and 12 weeks and in AHD at 45° and 60° at 6 weeks (P < .05). However, no significant Group-by-Time interaction was observed for all outcomes (P > .43). CONCLUSION: Results do not demonstrate any added effects of a-tDCS during a rehabilitation program in individuals with RC tendinopathy.
Esculier, Jean-François. "Le syndrome fémoropatellaire chez les coureurs : effets de différentes approches de réadaptation basées sur les mécanismes sous-jacents." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27727.
Full textSoixante-neuf coureurs ayant un syndrome fémoropatellaire (SFP) ont participé à une session d’évaluation pendant laquelle les symptômes et limitations fonctionnelles, la force musculaire, les chaussures de course, la cinématique et la cinétique de course et l’état radiologique du genou atteint ont été évalués. Pendant la technique de course habituelle, l’utilisation de chaussures montrant un niveau de minimalisme plus important tel qu’objectivé par l’Indice minimaliste était associée à une cadence des pas plus élevée ainsi qu’un angle d’inclinaison du pied et une force à l’articulation fémoropatellaire moindres, qui représentent des variables clés dans le traitement du SFP selon la littérature actuelle. Des modifications au patron de course habituel ont permis de diminuer la douleur de façon immédiate chez une portion des coureurs, en lien avec une réduction de la cinétique fémoropatellaire. Chez les attaqueurs du talon, le fait d’augmenter la cadence, de transférer vers une attaque de l’avant-pied et de courir sans bruit ont été les modifications les plus efficaces, en comparaison avec l’augmentation de la cadence et la course sur l’avant-pied chez les attaqueurs non-talon. Les coureurs ont ensuite été assignés à un programme de réadaptation d’une durée de 8 semaines parmi (1) éducation sur les modifications d’entraînement en fonction des symptômes; (2) programme d’exercices en plus de la composante d’éducation; (3) modifications au patron de course en plus de la composante d’éducation. Les trois programmes ont mené à des améliorations significatives sur les niveaux de symptômes et de limitations fonctionnelles. Cependant, bien que les mécanismes sous-jacents aux modifications du patron de course et au programme d’exercices aient bel et bien été modifiés, l’ajout de telles composantes à l’éducation n’a pas procuré de bénéfice supplémentaire à une intervention impliquant seulement l’éducation. Globalement, 78% des coureurs ont atteint le critère de succès clinique au suivi 3 mois après la fin de l’intervention. La combinaison du niveau de symptômes et de limitations fonctionnelles, de la force des extenseurs du genou et de l’intégrité du tendon rotulien a montré la meilleure capacité à prédire le succès clinique suite à une intervention mettant l’emphase sur l’éducation chez cette cohorte de coureurs ayant un SFP.
Sixty-nine runners with patellofemoral pain (PFP) took part in a baseline assessment during which their level of symptoms and function, lower limb strength, running shoes, running kinematics and kinetics as well as radiological outcomes were evaluated. During the habitual running pattern, the use of footwear showing a greater level of minimalism as indicated by the Minimalist Index was associated with outcomes that have previously been suggested to treat PFP in runners, namely greater step rate, lower foot inclination angle and lower patellofemoral joint kinetics. Running gait modifications, which were linked with decreased patellofemoral joint kinetics, were efficient in immediately decreasing symptoms in a subset of runners. In rearfoot strikers, the most efficient modifications were increasing step rate, forefoot striking and running softer, while non-rearfoot strikers benefited from increasing step rate and forefoot striking. Runners were then assigned to one of three 8-week rehabilitation programs among (1) education on training modifications based on symptoms; (2) an exercise program in addition to the education component; (3) gait retraining in addition to the education component. All programs led to significant improvements in the levels of symptoms and functional limitations. Even though gait retraining and exercises improved their targeted mechanisms, their addition to education did not provide additional benefits. Globally, 78% reached clinical success at the follow-up 3 months after the end of the program. A combination of the level of symptoms and function, knee extensors strength and patellar tendon integrity best predicted clinical success of runners with PFP following an intervention focused on education.
Darjana, Anne-Marie. "Sacro iliites à pyogènes chez l'enfant en Nouvelle-Calédonie : 10 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25017.
Full textMarchiori, Claire. "Identification des situations à risques de Troubles musculosquelettiques par un indice d'inconfort articulaire biomécanique. : Application clinique aux utilisateurs de fauteuil roulant manuel." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS034V/document.
Full textThe main objective of this work was to evaluate MD risk situations in manual wheelchair users (MWU). To do a biomechanical joint discomfort index based on a fuzzy quote was created. It was then used in three common use cases of MWU: propulsion, transfer and curb ascent. The secondary objective of this study was to identify the most deleterious joints within each activity.The study 1 helped highlight the discomfort Articular is medium during propulsion on level ground and increases with the slope. The study 2 emphasizes that the positioning strategy of the trunk during a pivot transfer does not affect the already high level of risk transfer but the level of discomfort varies between the two arms. Finally, the third study to show a higher level of risk in the curb ascent that during propulsion. The rise of the rear wheels is the most demanding phase.Analysis of the daily activities (DA) aims to assess the most deleterious DA for MWU in order to "guide" the MW use to preserve their UL by limiting the most risky activities. The focused articular discomfort index of each activity helped to highlight the most at-risk joints in each activity: the wrist and shoulder. The high prevalence of MDs among MWU and possible occurrence throughout their lifetime requires the establishment of a monitoring with the primary objective to prevent the development of MDs. We observed in these studies that the level of risk varies from one skill to another as well as joint stress. However, to be complete analysis of the risk level should be taking into account environmental aspects
Aunoble, Stéphane. "Prise en charge des disjonctions sterno-claviculaires : étude multicentrique de 82 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23054.
Full textGabrion, Antoine. "Anatomie fonctionnelle et biomécanique des ménisques du genou." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIED007.
Full textReeff, Jonathan. "Development and evaluation in vitro and in vivo of injectable hydrolipidic gels with sustained-release properties for the management of articular pathologies." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209288.
Full textIn the first step of this work, it was decided to develop and characterize hydro-lipidic gels based on the use of monolein and hyaluronic acid in order to provide in vitro sustained release of hydrophilic drugs such as clonidine and lipophilic drugs such as betamethasone. Initially, a compatibility study was performed on the main ingredients selected in order to check that there were not physico-chemical incompatibilities, which could be deleterious regarding to their stability in formulation. Then, the development of hydro-lipidic gels was initiated by considering on the first hand the solubility of each ingredient and on the other hand the syringeability, the rheological properties and the in vitro dissolution profiles obtained for the developed formulations. The objective of this preformulation program was to identify potential candidates that presented suitable syringeability while being able to sustain the release of drugs over weeks and being characterized by interesting viscoelastic properties for the long-term management of osteoarthritis. Moreover, several methods of quantification and characterization were developed in order to allow the physico-chemical properties (rheology, syringeability, water uptake, stability and dissolution profiles) of the developed formulations to be studied.
Results of the compatibility study showed that the concomitant use of monolein, hyaluronic acid and clonidine/betamethasone is not contraindicated. Next, the preformulation program allowed many injectable drug delivery systems to be prepared. However, the carrier that best meets our needs was composed of 10,0 % (wt/wt) absolute ethanol ;15,0 % propylene glycol (wt/wt) ;15,0 % (wt/wt) water ;55,0 % (wt/wt) de monolein ;5,0 % (wt/wt) purified soybean oil ;0,03 % (wt/wt) α-tocophérol and 7,5 mg/g sodium hyaluronate (1.9 MDa). This carrier assured suitable syringeability and rheological properties. Indeed, it presented marked pseudoplastic flow behavior that allowed relatively fast injection through a narrow needle, followed by an increase in viscosity upon contact with aqueous fluids to obtain an in vitro sustained release of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs over a few weeks. As a consequence, it was assumed that this carrier should be able to jellify in situ upon contact with physiological fluid such as synovial fluid. Then, according to EMA recommendations, a fast and easy manufacturing process that could be applied in a cleanroom at industrial scale was validated in our Laboratory. Finally, according to these promising results obtained in vitro, a stability study was performed on the carrier alone and containing clonidine or betamethasone according to ICH recommendations described for products intended for storage in a refrigerator. In that purpose, several parameters such as the quantification of drugs, the pH, the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid, the dissolution profiles of drugs and the rheological properties of the formulations were recorded depending on time and conditions of storage. This stability study showed clearly the importance to adjust the pH value of the formulation. Indeed, it was demonstrated that a pH value of 6.5, adjusted with diluted NaOH, allowed the stability of the formulation to be significantly improved. During this first step of this project, our Laboratory initiated two new collaborations. On the first hand, collaboration with the Laboratory of Professor Siepmann (University of Lille 2 – Faculty of Pharmacy) was started for their expertise on mathematical modeling. On the other hand, collaboration with the Laboratory of Professor Jerôme (ULg – Faculty of sciences) was started for their expertise on macromolecular chemistry and more particularly on rheological properties.
In the second step of this work, it was decided to evaluate in vitro the safety and the efficiency of the developed carrier and formulations containing clonidine or betamethasone. In this way, it was suggested to test selected drugs and potential candidates formulations on equine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) by measuring the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by PMNs stimulated or not with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). For that purpose, our Laboratory initiated a new collaboration with the Laboratory of Professor Serteyn (ULg – Faculty of veterinary) for their expertise on equine PMNs and quantification of (ROS) produced in particular in inflammatory diseases.
This in vitro study has shown that no pro-inflammatory effect appeared by incubating carrier with unstimulated PMNs in comparison with the control assay. However, the production of ROS was quickly and considerably decreased when stimulated cells were placed in contact with carrier regardless on the incorporation of clonidine or betamethasone. This observation demonstrated that developed carrier provided a strong antioxidant effect, certainly by trapping the ROS produced. These results were very promising because that antioxidant effect of carrier could inhibit oxidative damages and might consequently potentiate the prevention of inflammatory conditions. Concerning the clonidine and betamethasone, only the last one provided significant inhibition of the ROS activity.
Finally, by considering the very promising results obtained with the in vitro study on PMNs, an in vivo study on rabbits, which seemed to be the most appropriate small animal model for this kind of intraarticular formulations, was performed to evaluate the toxicity and the efficiency of the developed carrier and formulation containing betamethasone. Therefore, our Laboratory started collaboration with the unit of research in osteo-articular pathologies (UROC) of Pr. Henrotin (ULg) for their expertise in animal models, in particular rabbits with osteoarticular pathologies such as osteoarthritis. For this purpose, this in vivo study was outsourced by TNO (Delft, Holland) and was designed as follow: (i) 0.9 % saline buffered (n=8); (ii) carrier (n=8); (iii) formulation containing betamethasone (n=8); (iv) Durolane® (n=8) a marketed product of HA. Surprisingly, it seemed that the control group (saline buffered) presented macroscopical and histological scores that were globally low according to literature. As a consequence, it was difficult to conclude about the efficiency of the developed treatments by considering only this pilot study. However, it is important to note that it seemed that the expected viscoelastic protection of the carrier to prevent the degradation of articular cartilage was not optimal regardless on the incorporation of betamethasone. Nevertheless, the histological analyses of synovial membranes from each treated groups demonstrated that there was no pro-inflammatory reaction. This meant that all formulations tested were well tolerated despite of the apparition of lumps (in 37.5 % of treated rabbits) that are probably due to both the high volume injected (900 µL) and an excessive and unexpected in situ water uptake of developed formulations based on GMO. However, this lack of rejection of the developed carrier could be very important since it allowed new perspectives to be considered. For example, other articular disorders could be targeted by incorporating drugs, for which in situ sustained release or mechanical protection could be beneficial.
Our laboratory is member of a collaborative project "JOINT-AIC" from BioWin and is supported by a grant from the Walloon Region. The development of analytical methods, the evaluation of physico-chemical properties and finally the preparation of sterile batches of formulations based on GMO intended for in vitro and in vivo studies were performed in the Laboratory of Galenic and Biopharmacy of the Faculty of Pharmacy of ULB./L’arthrose est une pathologie dont la prévalence et le coût ne font qu’augmenter dans notre société vieillissante. Les moyens thérapeutiques actuels étant fort limités suite à de sérieux effets secondaires à long terme, il existe réellement un besoin médical important de développer de nouveaux traitements locaux qui soient bien tolérés, biocompatibles et biodégradables. Idéalement, ceux-ci devraient être actifs au niveau du processus inflammatoire ou de la douleur tout en étant capable de stabiliser, voire de restaurer, l’intégrité mécanique de l’articulation.
Dans cette optique, l’objectif de ce projet a été de développer des systèmes hydrolipidiques stériles, injectables et viscoélastiques qui soient capables de prolonger in situ la libération de principes actifs hydrophiles et lipophiles. Cette caractéristique devait permettre de réduire le nombre d’injections nécessaires dans le cadre du traitement symptomatique de l’arthrose et de maintenir l’effet des composés sur un minimum de quatre à six semaines. Cette étude entre dans le cadre du projet JOINT-AIC entièrement financé par le programme BioWin de la Région Wallonne. Le développement, la validation des méthodes analytiques, l’évaluation des propriétés physico-chimiques ainsi que la préparation stérile des lots de formulation destinés aux tests in vitro et in vivo ont été réalisés au sein du Laboratoire de Galénique et Biopharmacie de la Faculté de Pharmacie de l’ULB.
Au cours de ce projet, il a donc fallu dans un premier temps développer et caractériser des formulations hydrolipidiques à base de monoléine et d’acide hyaluronique permettant une libération in vitro prolongée de principes actifs tels que la clonidine (hydrophile) et le dipropionate de bétaméthasone (lipophile). Une étude de compatibilité a ainsi été préalablement réalisée afin de s’assurer qu’aucun des constituants principaux de la formulation ne présentaient d’incompatibilité physico-chimique qui pourrait être délétère vis-à-vis de leur stabilité en formulation. Ensuite, le développement de préparations hydro-lipidiques a été initié en tenant compte, d’une part de la solubilité des différents composants et, d’autre part de l’injectabilité, des propriétés rhéologiques et des profils de libération de la clonidine obtenus à partir des gels développés. Cette étude visait à obtenir une composition de référence qui soit à la fois injectable et capable de libérer un principe actif hydrophile sur plusieurs jours, voire plusieurs semaines, tout en possédant des propriétés rhéologiques intéressantes dans le cadre d’une viscosupplémentation articulaire. Enfin, un protocole de fabrication en milieu aseptique a été développé et plusieurs méthodes pour étudier les propriétés physico-chimiques des gels développés telles que la rhéologie, l’injectabilité, l’indice de gonflement, la stabilité et les profils de libérations ont été mises en place.
Les résultats ont montré qu’aucune incompatibilité ne semblait exister entre les trois composés majeurs de notre préparation, la monoléine, l’acide hyaluronique et la clonidine. Le développement des formulations nous a ensuite permis d’obtenir de nouveaux systèmes hydrolipidiques stériles et injectables à délivrance prolongée. Le véhicule qui remplissait au mieux nos objectifs était composé de 10,0% (m/m) d’éthanol ;de 15,0% de propylène glycol (m/m) ;de 15,0% (m/m) d’eau ;de 55,0% (m/m) de monoléine ;5,0% (m/m) d’huile de soja purifiée ;0,03% (m/m) d’α-tocophérol, de 7,5 mg/g d’HA et son pH était ajusté à 6,5 avec du NaOH 1N. Ce véhicule a montré un intérêt réel dans le cadre du développement de préparations biodégradables et biocompatibles pour le traitement de pathologies articulaires.En effet, cette composition présentait un écoulement de type pseudoplastique et des propriétés rhéologiques qui lui procuraient une bonne injectabilité. De plus, cette formulation a démontré in vitro une excellente capacité à gélifier au contact de fluides aqueux et à ralentir efficacement sur plusieurs semaines la libération des différents principes actifs incorporés (clonidine et dipropionate de bétaméthasone). Nous pouvions, dès lors, envisager que celle-ci serait capable de gélifier in situ au contact d’un fluide physiologique tel que le liquide synovial. Ensuite, suivant les recommandations de l’EMA, nous avons décidé d’utiliser l’association d’une filtration stérilisante et d’une préparation en milieu aseptique pour obtenir des formulations qui répondaient aux exigences en matière de préparation parentérale. C’est ainsi qu’un protocole de fabrication stérile de nos gels a été développé par nos soins en vue d’une éventuelle mise à l’échelle industrielle. Enfin, une étude de stabilité sur une année, suivant les normes ICH décrites pour des formulations destinées à être conservées au frigo, a été réalisée sur différents véhicules développés et contenant soit la clonidine, soit le dipropionate de bétaméthasone. Dans cette optique, plusieurs paramètres, tels que le dosage en principe actif, l’évolution du pH et du poids moléculaire de HA, le profil de libération ainsi que la rhéologie des formulations ont été évalués au cours du temps aux différentes conditions de conservation testées. Cette étude a permis de démontrer toute l’importance d’ajuster le pH de la préparation pour prévenir l’hydrolyse de l’HA, et cela indépendamment de l’incorporation de principe actif. Ainsi, il a pu être montré que l’ajustement du pH du véhicule à 6,5 à partir de NaOH dilué permettait d’améliorer considérablement la stabilité de la formulation puisqu’aucune modification significative de ses différents paramètres physico-chimiques et teneurs n’a été observée après un an de conservation à 5 et à 25 °C (60% HR) mais également après six mois à 30 °C (65% HR). Au cours de cette première partie, deux collaborations ont été initiées, l’une avec le Laboratoire du Prof. Siepmann de l’Université de Lille 2 et l’autre avec le Prof. Jerôme de l’Université de Liège. Avec l’aide du Prof. Siepmann, il a été possible de mettre au point un modèle mathématique pour caractériser les profils de libération des principes actifs à partir des différents véhicules développés. Le Prof. Jerôme a, quant à elle, mis à notre disposition un rhéomètre qui a permis d’approfondir nos connaissances sur les propriétés rhéologiques et viscoélastiques des formulations.
Ensuite, la seconde partie de notre travail a consisté à évaluer la tolérance, ainsi que l’efficacité des principes actifs sélectionnés et des formulations développées, à travers un modèle in vitro de cellules de l’inflammation (neutrophiles équins). Cette étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer deux aspects importants de la formulation :d’une part vérifier l’absence de réaction pro-inflammatoire qui pourrait être in vivo destructrice vis-à-vis du véhicule ainsi que des tissus environnants, et d’autre part vérifier l’effet anti-inflammatoire propre à la clonidine et au dipropionate de bétaméthasone seuls et en formulation. Cette étude a été réalisée avec la collaboration du Laboratoire du Prof. Serteyn de l’Université de Liège.Cette étude in vitro a démontré que les cellules restaient viables au moins pendant quatre heures lorsqu’elles étaient exposées à la matrice épurée de ses solvants. Ensuite, de manière surprenante, il a même pu être démontré que le véhicule permettait à la fois de prévenir et de réduire significativement la production des espèces réactives de l’oxygène (ROS) par les neutrophiles équins lorsque ceux-ci étaient stimulés au phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Cette propriété peut être d’un grand intérêt dans le cadre de la prise en charge de l’arthrose car cette activité antioxydante pourrait permettre d’inhiber les dommages oxydatifs générés par les ROS et ainsi prévenir les dommages liés au développement du processus inflammatoire et qui peut, à long terme, s’avérer délétère pour les tissus environnants tels que le cartilage. Cette propriété du véhicule semble trouver son origine dans la monoléine qui, de par sa composition en alpha-tocophérol (200 ppm), présente également une activité antioxydante vis-à-vis des ROS. Toutefois, une action synergique liée à l’HA, à l’huile de soja ou à l’alpha-tocophérol incorporés aux formulations, n’est pas à exclure. Enfin, parmi les deux principes actifs sélectionnés, seul le dipropionate de bétaméthasone a montré une inhibition significative de la production des ROS.
Enfin, en tenant compte des résultats obtenus sur cellules, une étude in vivo pilote a été réalisée sur base d’un modèle de lapins. Cette étude visait à vérifier la tolérance ainsi que l’efficacité en prophylaxie de l’arthrose du véhicule développé ainsi que de la formulation contenant le dipropionate de bétaméthasone. Dans ce but, quatre groupes d’animaux (n=8) ont été constitués pour chacun des traitements testés :(i) groupe témoin :0,9 % tampon salin pH 7,4 ;(ii) véhicule à base de GMO développé; (iii) véhicule contenant du dipropionate de bétaméthasone ;(iv) groupe référence :Durolane®. Cette étude a été réalisée avec l’aide du Laboratoire du Prof. Henrotin de l’Université de Liège. L’hébergement des animaux ainsi que les actes chirurgicaux ont, quant à eux, été sous-traités par TNO (Delft, Pays-Bas).
De manière étonnante, il s’est avéré que le groupe contrôle présentait des scores macroscopique et histologique globalement peu élevés par rapport à ce qui est rapporté dans la littérature. Compte tenu de cette observation, il est difficile de se prononcer, sur base uniquement de cette étude, sur l’efficacité des différents traitements testés. Toutefois, il faut reconnaître que l’effet protecteur attendu pour le véhicule vis-à-vis de la dégradation du cartilage ne semble pas optimal et cela indépendamment de l’incorporation de dipropionate de bétaméthasone. Par ailleurs, l’étude des membranes synoviales a permis de démontrer qu’il n’y avait aucune différence significative en termes d’inflammation et de structure entre le groupe contrôle et les différents groupes traités. Ce qui signifie qu’aucun rejet n’a été observé vis-à-vis des formulations et que celles-ci ont, par conséquent, été bien tolérées malgré la formation de masses liées probablement au volume important injecté (900 µL) et au gonflement in situ du produit chez 37,5 % des lapins. Cette observation est importante puisqu’elle permet d’envisager de nouvelles perspectives telles que l’incorporation d’autres principes actifs pouvant éventuellement viser d’autres pathologies articulaires et pour lesquels une libération prolongée ou une protection mécanique du principe actif in situ serait bénéfique.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Laffenêtre, Olivier. "Etude biomécanique et morphométrique de l'articulation talo-crurale. Applications à la conception d'une prothèse de cheville." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23023.
Full textJeanmaire, Yves. "Intérêt de l'arthroscopie dans le traitement des tendinopathies calcifiantes de la coiffe des rotateurs de l'épaule : à propos de 50 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25241.
Full textSavoie, Alexandre. "Effet d'un programme de réadaptation sur le niveau de douleur et d'incapacité de personnes souffrant de tendinopathie de la coiffe des rotateurs." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25914.
Full textShoulder pain affects more than 20% of the population. Amongst shoulder pathologies, rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy is the more prevalent cause of pain. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that lead to healing of such pathology. The current project aimed at assessing the efficacy of a physiotherapy intervention centered on movement training and assessing the impact of such intervention on the acromiohumeral distance (AHD). Twenty-five subjects suffering from unilateral RC tendinopathy underwent the intervention. The intervention consisted of ten supervised physiotherapy sessions and a home exercise program over a 6-week period. Following the intervention there was a significant decrease in pain and disability levels. Further, a significant increase in AHD during arm elevation was observed. The results of the present study suggest potential for motor training as a useful approach in physiotherapy for the treatment of RC tendinopathies.
Meunier-Komosa, Nathalie. "Recherche moléculaire de Tropheryma Whippelii dans le liquide articulaire de patients affectés de rhumatismes inflammatoires inclassés." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR23015.
Full textBahm, Jorg. "Les altérations des mouvements rotatoires de l'épaule après lésion obstétricale du plexus brachial: clinique, chirurgie et analyse de facteurs pronostiques objectifs." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209898.
Full textThis pathology is often unrecognized and may lead to a limitation in active movements, a pathologic and less efficient motion pattern in the affected limb, and the development of a severely incongruent and dysplastic glenohumeral joint prone to further arthrosis.
Hypothesis
Glenohumeral dysplasia after obstetric brachial plexus lesion has multiple etiologies: A hypothetic obstetric trauma may precede the motor imbalance, due to the initial palsy and prevalent recovery of the medial rotators of the shoulder.
The correction of the muscular imbalance, by neurotization of the lateral rotators (supra- and infraspinatus muscle) using a local nerve transfer or by a later muscle transfer surgery, improves function, seems to prevent the development of joint dysplasia and limits the articular deformities once they are present.
The early (peripartal) glenohumeral subluxation must be recognized and treated immediately to prevent the development of a severe joint contracture and dysplasia.
Material and methods
Two retrospective and one prospective study evaluate how surgery may correct the muscular imbalance.
In a first series of 65 children, we analyse the recovery of the supra- and infraspinatus muscle after a nerve transfer onto the suprascapular nerve.
In a second retrospective analysis on 114 children, we study the outcome after secondary surgery (anterior joint release, modified Hoffer muscle transfer) dedicated to improve active and passive lateral rotation of the shoulder.
A prospective study of 50 magnetic resonance (MRI) scans of the glenohumeral joint describes the articular deformities.
Finally, 10 children presenting a very early glenohumeral subluxation have undergone a closed orthopaedic reposition and plaster immobilisation and were followed for a minimum of 2 years.
Results
In the first group, neurotization of the suprascapular nerve has been performed either by a dorsal or a ventral approach at a mean age of 14 months. The mean follow up is of 3 years and the improvement in aLR(ABD) is 68°and only 25°in aLR(ADD). None of these children with improved active lateral rotation of the shoulder developed clinical signs of a glenohumeral dysplasia within the follow up period.
Among the 114 children operated between 6 months and 44 years with a shoulder release, 74 had an isolated release procedure, 40 an associated tendon transfer or a suprascapular neurotization. The mean improvement in passive lateral rotation with the arm adducted (pLR (ADD)) was 60°. Active lateral rotation was possible in 63 % of children who underwent an isolated joint release.
The Hoffer muscle transfer was performed in 29 children and improved the aLR (ABD) by 60° (mean postoperative follow-up of 30 months). No signs of severe glenohumeral dysplasia developed in these children later on.
The prospective study of 50 consecutive MRI scans in children presenting at the consultation with a rotatory imbalance of their shoulder, as a sequel from obstetric brachial plexus palsy (Bahm et al. 2007) shows 37 congruent joints, 10 dorsal subluxations, 2 dorsal luxations and one complete dislocation associated with the formation of an independent neoglenoid. The humeral head was deformed in 12 cases; the glenoid in 34 children (flat in 23, biconcave 7 times, convex 3 times).
The follow up of 2 years in 10 children who underwent an immediate closed reposition shows evidence of joint congruence with a limited (30°) pLR (ADD), definitely lower than after a surgical release.
Conclusion
Some osteo-articular deformities secondary to neuromuscular diseases are well described ;those following an obstetric brachial plexus lesion are insufficiently recognized. Their etiology is unclear.
At the level of the shoulder joint, these sequels might be very important.
Our neuroorthopaedic hypothesis concerning a multifactorial etiology and treatment strategy raises the need of an early and precise screening of the deforming forces to render normal biomechanics and function.
The surgical strategy includes the reconstruction of the responsible motor nerve and the improvement of the passive and active range of motion of the shoulder in lateral rotation
It seems to be efficient to limit the progression to severe glenohumeral dysplasia and further arthrosis.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished