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Zhujkova, O. V. "Artifact Metaphors as Verbal Means of Objectivization of the Concept "Language" in the Philosophical Discourse of W. von Humboldt." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 3 (October 27, 2018): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2018-3-177-186.
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The research features the metaphorical representations of the language in the individual author's worldview expressed by W. von Humboldt via artifact metaphors. The linguistic personality of the great scientist remains surprisingly understudied, so it seems important to study the language means of verbalizing the basic concepts in his philosophical discourse. The research concentrates on the verbalization of the phenomenon "Language" by means of artifact metaphors in W. von Humboldt’s "On the Difference of the Structure of Human Languages and its Influence on the Spiritual Development of Mankind" (Über die Verschiedenheit des menschlichen Sprachbaues und ihren Einfluss auf die geistige Entwicklung des Menschengeschlechts, 1836) [1]. The analysis of empirical material included the method of linguocognitive analysis, the method of component analysis based on dictionary definitions, the method of interpretative analysis of contexts, conceptual and semantic-cognitive analysis of artifact metaphors, etc. The article reveals some features of the cognitive structure of the phenomenon "Language" on the basis of artifact metaphors "language as tool" and "language as fabric". As a result of the research, the frame structure of the artifact metaphorical models of the language concept has been revealed, as well as the ontological components of the language structuring various types of slots. The basic frames "language as tool" and "language as fabric" objectify the concept "Language", represented by the metaphorical model "Artifact" in the philosophical discourse of W. van Humboldt. The "language as tool" metaphor explicates the correlation of Language with such phenomena such as Spirit, Thought, andMan.The metaphorical identification of language and instrument explores the mediatory power of language in relation to Nation and Spirit. The "language as fabric" metaphor objectifies language as a complex entity, whose relevant features are anthropological qualities dominated by intellectual and sensualistic components in the diversity of their manifestations. Individuality is one of the dominant epistemological features of the concept "Language", represented by the artifact metaphorical model in W. von Humboldt’s philosophical discourse. The study proves a high degree of metaphoricity of W.vonHumboldt's linguistic worldview as a whole. One of the important concepts in his philosophical discourse is the "character of language". The scientist metaphorically "humanizes" the language, giving it individual features inherent only to human. The character of the language emphasizes the inseparable interdependence of Spirit and Nation, in its turn, being influenced by the external (verbal) form of the language.
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Kera, Denisa Reshef. "Dining Philosophers, Byzantine Generals, and the Various Nodes, Users, and Citizens under Blockchain Rule." AETiC Special Issue on Next Generation Blockchain Architecture, Infrustracture and Applications 3, no. 5 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33166/aetic.2019.05.001.
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Agreements, consensuses, protocols, resource-sharing, and fairness are all examples of social and political metaphors that define and shape new computational algorithms. The thought experiments and allegories about resource-sharing or agreement between nodes played a vital role in the development of "concurrent programming" (enabling processor power-sharing and process synchronization) and still later in the development of distributed computing (facilitating data access and synchronization). These paved the way for current concepts of consensus mechanisms, smart contracts, and other descriptions of cryptocurrencies, blockchain, distributed ledger, and hashgraph technologies, paradoxically reversing the relations between metaphor and artifact. New computing concepts and algorithmic processes, such as consensus mechanisms, trustless networks, and automated smart contracts or DAOs (Distributed Autonomous Organizations), aim to disrupt social contracts and political decision-making and replace economic, social, and political institutions (e.g., law, money, voting). Rather than something that needs a metaphor, algorithms are becoming the metaphor of good governance. Current fantasies of algorithmic governance exemplify this reversal of the role played by metaphors: they reduce all concepts of governance to automation and curtail opportunities for defining new computing challenges inspired by the original allegories, thought experiments, and metaphors. Especially now, when we are still learning how best to govern the transgressions and excesses of emerging distributed ledger technologies, productive relations between software and allegory, algorithms and metaphors, code and law are possible so long as they remain transitive. Against this tyranny of algorithms and technologies as metaphors and aspirational models of governance, we propose sandboxes and environments that allow stakeholders to combine prototyping with deliberation, algorithms with metaphors, codes with regulations.
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Bowden, Randall, Jesse Brock, and Phillis Bunch. "Metaphors, Nicknames, and Epithets: The Role of the Chair as a Cultural Artifact." Department Chair 31, no. 2 (2020): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dch.30349.
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Яковлева, Светлана Леонидовна. "METAPHORICAL MODELS OF THE CONCEPTUAL SPHERE «GRATITUDE» IN RUSSIAN PAROEMIC DISCOURCE." Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I Y Yakovlev, no. 3(108) (October 20, 2020): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2020.108.3.015.
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В работе путем семантического и контекстуального анализа рассматриваются русские паремические единицы, вербализующие понятийную сферу «благодарность», отобранные из сборника пословиц В. И. Даля. Актуальность исследования обусловлена важностью рассматриваемого фрагмента паремического дискурса для выявления характерных черт и особенностей базовых концептов русской лингвокультуры. Формирование данного чувства способствует развитию социальной эмпатии, построению нравственных и ценностных ориентиров членов сообщества. Анализ феномена благодарности, отраженного в архаичном сознании русского народа, позволяет проследить его трансформацию в социуме. В работе рассматриваются некоторые философские и психологические основания феномена «благодарность», основные субсферы метафоризации, базовые метафорические модели, их фреймовые структуры и слоты. Были выявлены метафорические модели субсфер «человек», «природа», «артефакты», «социум». Субсфера «человек» репрезентируется метафорическими моделями «Благодарность - человеческий организм», «Благодарность - действия человека». Метафорические модели субсферы «природа» представлены миром животных, миром растений и небесными телами. Метафорические модели субсферы «социум» содержат слоты, связанные с религией и пенитенциарными учреждениями. Субсфера «артефакты» репрезентируется фреймами «еда и напитки», «одежда», «деньги», «ткани», «инструменты» и некоторыми другими. Самой значительной по количеству является группа антропоморфных метафор, насчитывающая 38 единиц (41,8 %); группа артефактных метафор включает 31 единицу (34 %); природоморфные метафоры составляют 14 единиц (15,4 %) и группа социоморфных метафор представлена 8 единицами (8,8 %). The article considers the semantic and contextual analysis of Russian paroemic units verbalizing a conceptual sphere Gratitude. The units were selected from the book of proverbs by V. Dahl. This conceptual sphere is important to reveal characteristic features of basic concepts in Russian linguoculture. The formation of this feeling and emotion contributes to the development of social empathy, creation of moral values in society. The analysis of the phenomenon of gratitude reflected in the archaic consciousness of Russian people helps to observe its transformation in social continuum. The article considers some philosophical and psychological aspects of gratitude in Russian archaic consciousness, basic metaphorization subspheres, their frame structures and slots; reveals metaphorical models of subspheres Man, Nature, Artifact, Socium. The subsphere Man is represented by the metaphorical models Human Body and Actions Performed by Man. Metaphorical models of the subsphere Nature contain Flora World, Fauna World and Celestial Bodies. Frame structures of the subsphere Socium are verbalized by the slots connected with religion and penitentiary institutions. The subsphere Artifacts is represented by the models Food and Drinks, Clothes, Money, Fabrics, Instruments. The group of anthropomorphical metaphors is the largest one containing 38 units (41,8 %); the second one is the group of artifact metaphors with 31 units (34 %); the third place is taken by phytomorphical metaphors - 14 units (15,4 %) and sociomorphical group is the last one with 8 units (8,8 %).
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Poveda, David, Mitsuko Matsumoto, Marta Morgade, and Esperanza Alonso. "Photographs as a Research Tool in Child Studies: Some Analytical Metaphors and Choices." Qualitative Research in Education 7, no. 2 (2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/qre.2018.3350.
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This methodological paper discusses how photographs can be used in multi-layered data projects with children and families. We present photographs as a versatile low-fi digital artifact that can be used under a variety of research circumstances and critically discuss this particular visual tool in the context of the growing body of visual and multimodal research with children and families. The critical discussion draws on a series of research projects in which we have employed photographs (topics of the projects include family diversity or children's routines). The comparisons between projects highlights some of the procedural and analytical choices that are opened up when using photographs. In particular, we focus on two issues: (a) differences that emerge when materials are created by participants or are elicited by researchers, and; (b) the metaphors that are applied to interpret and work with photographs.
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Borodina, N. A. "Figurative Means of Representing the Milky Way in Russian Fiction of XIX — Early XXI Centuries." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 3 (March 27, 2021): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-3-42-56.
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This article is an analysis of the linguistic means of figurative representation of the Milky Way in the prose works of Russian authors of the XIX — early XXI centuries. It is established that the basis for the creation of metaphorical models, in which the astroobject Milky Way is one of the components, are the similarity of external outlines, parametric indicators, the identity of light and structural characteristics, while the attraction of only perceptual signs significantly limits the possibilities for comparison. It is shown that the length of the stellar system determines its metaphorical representation as a water body, road, fabric or fiber, a bridge or its component part, an arc, a parabola, a fraction, a procession, a lane, a belt, a ski track, spilled milk, a tail. It is noted that the relative position of the celestial bodies that form the Milky Way leads to its assimilation to fog, cloud, smoke or dust; the luminosity of the stars entering the galaxy resembles the brilliance of silver and gold, and their large number is emphasized by the metaphor “Milky Way — many small objects or particles”. The author comes to the conclusion that the images that arise during the metaphorization of an astroobject differ in the frequency of use, while hydronymic, meteorological, artifact metaphors, as well as the metaphor of a path-road, are productive.
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Dymova, A. V., and A. I. Zolotaiko. "CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COLOUR BLUE METAPHORIZATION AT THE VERBAL LEVEL OF AMERICAN INTERNET AND ROCK DISCOURSE." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, no. 2 (2020): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-2-244-250.
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The article in question deals with the functional features of the lexeme blue at the verbal level of American Internet and rock discourse with specific peculiarities and characteristics. The analysis of the contexts of the spheres of the specified linguistic cultures and the deployment direction of metaphors representing the color blue in the period from 2014 to the present is carried out. The authors highlight the conceptual components in relation to blue (institutional nominations, emotional state, morbial state, artifact-related nominations) and through a series of examples illustrate the variety of interpretations of the color under study. Thus, the selection of material was carried out by the method of continuous sampling from various and numerous contexts of the verbal level of the discourses under consideration. Based on the analysis of the identified uses of the lexeme blue , the intersection of the conceptual spheres with a bipolar connotation is established in relation to the representation of the police, morbial and emotional state. The similarities and differences in the functioning of blue are illustrated by means of a series of examples. The productivity and frequency of metaphors of the color blue, their significance and presence in the linguistic system are noted.
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Michael, Mike. "Roadkill: Between Humans, Nonhuman Animals, and Technologies." Society & Animals 12, no. 4 (2004): 277–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568530043068038.
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AbstractThis paper has two broad objectives. First, the paper aims to treat roadkill as a topic of serious social scientific inquiry by addressing it as a cultural artifact through which various identities are played out. Thus, the paper shows how the idea of roadkill-as-food mediates contradictions and ironies in American identities concerned with hunting, technology, and relationships to nature. At a second, more abstract, level, the paper deploys the example of roadkill to suggest a par ticular approach to theorizing broader relationships between humans, nonhuman animals, and technology. This paper draws on recent developments in science and technology studies, in particular, the work of Latour (1993) and Serres (1982,1985), to derive a number of prepositional metaphors. The paper puts these forward tentatively as useful tools for exploring and unpicking some of the complex connections and heterogeneous relationalities between humans, animals, and the technology from which roadkill emerges.
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O’Meara, Carolyn, and Asifa Majid. "Anger stinks in Seri: Olfactory metaphor in a lesser-described language." Cognitive Linguistics 31, no. 3 (2020): 367–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2017-0100.
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AbstractPrevious studies claim there are few olfactory metaphors cross-linguistically, especially compared to metaphors originating in the visual and auditory domains. We show olfaction can be a source for metaphor and metonymy in a lesser-described language that has rich lexical resources for talking about odors. In Seri, an isolate language of Mexico spoken by indigenous hunter-gatherers, we find a novel metaphor for emotion never previously described – “anger stinks”. In addition, distinct odor verbs are used metaphorically to distinguish volitional vs. non-volitional states-of-affairs. Finally, there is ample olfactory metonymy in Seri, especially prevalent in names for plants, but also found in names for insects and artifacts. This calls for a re-examination of better-known languages for the overlooked role olfaction may play in metaphor and metonymy. The Seri language illustrates how valuable data from understudied languages can be in highlighting novel ways by which people conceptualize themselves and their world.
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Day, Matthew. "Reading the Fossils of Faith: Thomas Henry Huxley and the Evolutionary Subtext of the Synoptic Problem." Church History 74, no. 3 (2005): 534–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700110807.
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In a book loaded with metaphors of assault and retaliation, Andrew Dickson White's A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom saved one of the best for Darwin. “Darwin's Origin of Species,” we are told, came “into the theological world like a plough into an ant-hill. Everywhere those thus rudely awakened from their old comfort and repose had swarmed forth angry and confused.” For White, the sometimes frenzied post-Darwinian controversies over providential design and divine creation were simply the latest episodes in an all-out struggle between theology and science that stretched back beyond Galileo's cheerless encounters with the Catholic Church. Though the voices may have been different, the song remained the same. Despite its continuing presence in the popular media, contemporary historians of religion and science now regard White's warfare thesis as an artifact of the constantly shifting relationships between these two cultural fields rather than a viable analysis of their engagement. The fundamental problem with the conflict model is that it is a bit like performing heart surgery with a Phillips head screwdriver: it is simply too blunt of an instrument for getting at the all-too-crucial particulars. As a result, it is likely to do more harm than good. To see why, consider what James Moore has called the “religious filiation” of Charles Darwin's evolutionary thought.
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Matviienko, Andrii, Abdallah El Ali, Christin Hilmer, Yannick Feld, Wilko Heuten, and Susanne Boll. "Designing Metaphor-Based Ambient Tangible Artifacts to Support Workspace Awareness." i-com 17, no. 3 (2018): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icom-2018-0024.
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AbstractCurrent asynchronous (e. g., email) or synchronous (e. g., video-conferencing) communication methods in the workspace can be obtrusive and fail to mimic spontaneous interpersonal communication. This can cause difficulties in forming close relationships among working colleagues. To examine this problem, we conducted a needs assessment study consisting of an online survey, a focus group, and a co-design session to gather a set of system requirements and metaphors as a base for future system designs. Based on the results, we designed two metaphor-based ambient tangible systems to support awareness among working colleagues:AwareCupsandAwareHouse. Furthermore, we evaluated these systems in a short field study with 22 participants and found that both systems are highly intuitive and easy to use. We discuss the solution space for metaphor-based tangible awareness systems and the effects of the outcomes on the potential increase of awareness among colleagues.
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Farquhar, Sandy, and Peter Fitzsimons. "Seeing through the metaphor: The OECD quality toolbox for early childhood." Semiotica 2016, no. 212 (2016): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2016-0134.
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AbstractThis paper explores the idea of metaphor as a persuasive device, using as an example a recent OECD publication purporting to be a quality toolbox for early childhood education and care. Leaving aside the problematic notion of quality, we argue that there is a serious problem with the idea of education as something that can be done with a toolbox, particularly in the formative stages of young children’s education. We suggest that the OECD selection of the toolbox as a metaphor is a way of inserting international economic imperatives into local government education policy, in ways that the citizenry is not aware of. As with any metaphor for education, the selection highlights some aspects while hiding others, a concealment that can’t be exposed by intensifying one’s gaze without a change in perspective. To examine the extent of what remains hidden by the toolbox, we engage in creative play with some different metaphors for education, arguing that particular metaphors may serve to obfuscate rather than clarify, an artifice that is not acceptable from a body as influential and far-reaching as the OECD.
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Schiller, Devon. "The Face is (Not) Like a Mirror." International Journal of Semiotics and Visual Rhetoric 1, no. 2 (2017): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsvr.2017070103.
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That ‘the face is like a mirror (to the soul)' resonates cross-culturally and trans-historically throughout the media imaginary of the last three millennia. But beyond its general habitual topos as an onto-cartographic blueprint in everyday life, the author presents this catoptric metaphor as a specific epistemological trope within the advertising designs that the author defines as face studies. Prospecting representative usages in the printed artifacts from scientific research, the author probes the print advertisements for scientific communications, newspaper cartoons, and periodical spreads–their intermedial and multimodal genealogies. The author then problematizes the metaphoric similitude between the face and a mirror as a fixedly stable type, with fluidly shifting tokens across explanatory models and pedagogical norms for the meaning of facial signs. Finally, the author proposes not only that scientific gatekeepers rhetorically diagrammatize semantic terms ‘face' and ‘mirror'–or other specular prostheses–in the brand identification and marketing narratives. It is with this method that they call for the attention of knowledge consumers, but also how these catoptric metaphors function as cognitive mechanisms to inspire conceptual and methodological innovation in science about the face itself.
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Golubkova, E. E., and E. B. Kivileva. "Seacraft Names in Military Discourse." Professional Discourse & Communication 3, no. 1 (2021): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2687-0126-2021-3-1-10-26.
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The article analyses the process of meaning formation of names of warships in the military discourse with the aim of identifying conceptual mechanisms which underlie the naming of seacraft. The research constitutes part of the study in the field of cognitive linguistics and fills in the gap in the studies of metaphoric potential and cultural specificities of secondary names applied to artifacts (as big as warships) in British and American tradition. The results show that of all 1200 seacraft names, 700 units are originally zoomorphic common nouns transformed into proper names of seacraft with which they “share” and sometimes even exchange some of their basic or latent semantic characteristics. It was revealed that underlying mechanisms of meaning formation in seacraft nicknames are cognitive mechanisms of conceptual metaphor, focusing and defocusing. To describe them the methods of frame analysis and cognitive metaphoric modelling are employed. Metaphor in the paper is both the object and the tool of research. To support the analysis, the information about specific features of named objects and creatures is elicited from dictionaries and language corpora.
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Austern, Linda Phyllis. "Nature, Culture, Myth, and the Musician in Early Modern England." Journal of the American Musicological Society 51, no. 1 (1998): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/831896.
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In sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England, music was often considered an aspect of natural philosophy, the general study of natural and cultural phenomena that had been inherited from classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, but was undergoing rapid metamorphosis into more modern fields of science, technology, and the arts. Against this background, many writers began to invoke machine metaphors and the triumph of cultural products over raw nature and Nature's corollaries in the form of women and animals. Older epistemologies of magic and metaphor, which had also incorporated gendered ideas of artifice, perfection, nature, and creation, informed these emerging ideas. The result on the one hand was a practice of secular musical composition that included sounds from the natural world as feminine novelties to be bounded and improved by stylistic artifice. On the other was a documentary allegorization of music that drew from chronicle history, mythology, natural science, religion, and politics to demonstrate the moral and aesthetic superiority of music and musicians that elevated natural elements into enduring musical artifice.
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Tsoloeva, Seda B. "Metaphorical models verbalized in English-language professional advertising discourse: Artifact metaphorical model." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 7 (2021): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_1_183_191.
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The article presents the results of the English-language professional advertising discourse analysis regarding the use of metaphorical models. The research material consisted of 500 English-language advertising texts from The Art of Design magazine, posted on the Internet, thematically related to the field of design and architecture. In the course of the research, it was found that the metaphor structure contains a metaphorical core and a metaphorical periphery, which convey the main and additional semantic metaphorical load in the context. The author identifies the artifact metaphorical model Design product → Artifact that verbalizes the transfer at the semantic level based on the idea that a particular design product is thought of as the result of labor, the creation of human hands. The paper presents statistical data that determines the frequency of use of the artifact metaphor within the analyzed sample, according to which, the artifact metaphorical model is present in 215 examples of advertising texts, which is 43% of the sample material.
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Heracleous, Loizos, and Claus D. Jacobs. "Understanding Organizations through Embodied Metaphors." Organization Studies 29, no. 1 (2008): 45–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840607086637.
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We outline the dominant, positivist approach to conceptualizing and researching organizations through multi-level research that views levels as independently existing, hierarchically nested entities, and problematize this view by offering an alternative approach based on embodied realism. We operationalize this approach through a study of three organization development workshops where organizational actors constructed artifacts we label embodied metaphors. We propose that analysis of embodied metaphors can enable access to actors' first-order conceptions of organizational levels and related organizational dimensions and reveals alternative qualities and interrelations among them; can support a clinical approach to organizations; provides a window to organizational, divisional or task identities; and poses substantial challenges to established conceptions of ontology and method in organization theory.
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Sherin, Bruce, Brian J. Reiser, and Daniel Edelson. "Scaffolding Analysis: Extending the Scaffolding Metaphor to Learning Artifacts." Journal of the Learning Sciences 13, no. 3 (2004): 387–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327809jls1303_5.
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Tolcheyeva, T. S. "Principles of Metaphor-Artifacts Formation Based on Conceptual Integration Process." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 9. Current Trends in Language Development, no. 20 (2020): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series9.2020.20.08.
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Alexandrova, Ekaterina. "Text as metaphor and as artifact: Why Structuralism was rejected by Egyptology." Shagi / Steps 7, no. 2 (2021): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2412-9410-2021-7-2-93-114.
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Jung, Heekyoung, Heather Wiltse, Mikael Wiberg, and Erik Stolterman. "Metaphors, materialities, and affordances: Hybrid morphologies in the design of interactive artifacts." Design Studies 53 (November 2017): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2017.06.004.
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Pradhan, Jaya Bishnu. "Cultural artefacts as a metaphor to communicate mathematical ideas." Revemop 2 (March 4, 2020): e202015. http://dx.doi.org/10.33532/revemop.e202015.
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The cultural artifacts created by the culture of a particular group of people embed sophisticated mathematical ideas and knowledge. The cultural artifacts familiar to students mediate to communicate abstract ideas of mathematics. This paper is intended to explore the mathematical ideas embedded in cultural artifacts and to assess its contribution to the process of teaching and learning of school mathematics. The ethnographic methodology was used to collect the data. Highly sophisticated mathematical ideas were found in the analysis of different cultural artifacts observed in the out-of-school environment. The cultural artifacts familiar to students are the source domain of conceptual metaphor to communicate difficult and abstract concepts of mathematics. Both teachers and students reported that the cultural artefacts and different cultural activities of the group of people help them in teaching and learning of mathematical concepts.Keywords: Conceptual Metaphor. Cultural Artefacts. Ethnography. Ethnomathematics. Mathematical Ideas.Los artefactos culturales como una metáfora para la comunicación de las ideas matemáticasLos artefactos culturales creados por la cultura de un grupo particular de personas incorporan ideas y conocimientos matemáticos sofisticados. Los artefactos culturales familiares para los estudiantes median para comunicar ideas abstractas de las matemáticas. Este documento tiene como objetivo explorar las ideas matemáticas incrustadas en artefactos culturales y evaluar su contribución al proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas escolares. La metodología etnográfica se utilizó para recopilar los datos. Se encontraron ideas matemáticas altamente sofisticadas en el análisis de diferentes artefactos culturales observados en el entorno fuera de la escuela. Los artefactos culturales familiares para los estudiantes son el dominio fuente de la metáfora conceptual para comunicar conceptos matemáticos difíciles y abstractos. Tanto maestros como estudiantes informaron que los artefactos culturales y las diferentes actividades culturales del grupo de personas los ayudan a enseñar y aprender conceptos matemáticos.Palabras clave: Metáfora Conceptual. Artefactos Culturales. Etnografía. Etnomatemáticas. Ideas Matemáticas.Artefatos culturais como uma metáfora para comunicação de ideias matemáticasOs artefatos culturais criados pela cultura de um determinado grupo de pessoas incorporam ideias e conhecimentos matemáticos sofisticados. Os artefatos culturais familiares aos alunos auxiliam na mediação para comunicar ideias abstratas da Matemática. Este artigo objetiva explorar as ideias matemáticas incorporadas aos artefatos culturais e avaliar sua contribuição para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da matemática escolar. A metodologia etnográfica foi utilizada para a coleta dos dados. Ideias matemáticas altamente sofisticadas foram encontradas na análise de diferentes artefatos culturais observados no ambiente extra-escolar. Os artefatos culturais familiares aos alunos são o domínio de origem da metáfora conceitual para comunicar conceitos difíceis e abstratos da matemática. Professores e alunos relataram que os artefatos culturais e as diferentes atividades culturais do grupo de pessoas os ajudam a ensinar e aprender conceitos matemáticos.Palavras-chave: Metáfora Conceitual. Artefatos Culturais, Etnografia, Etnomatemática, Ideias Matemáticas.
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Goodwin, Donna L., Robin Thurmeier, and Paul Gustafson. "Reactions to the Metaphors of Disability: The Mediating Effects of Physical Activity." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 21, no. 4 (2004): 379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.21.4.379.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the metaphors of disability to which young people with physical disabilities felt they were exposed and the moderating influence of physical activity on the meanings ascribed to those metaphors. Fourteen participants (7 males, 7 females) with physical disabilities between the ages of 14 and 24 years participated in the study. Their experiences were captured by way of one-on-one audio taped semi-structured interviews and the use and interpretation of artifacts and field notes. Three themes emerged from the thematic analysis: don’t treat me differently, managing emotions, and physical activity balances perceptions. The implications of the findings are discussed within the context of stigma theory and the liminality of social indefinition.
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Reale, Michelle. "A Recently Discovered Bell: Artifact, Metaphor, Secrets, and Identity in an Italian American Family." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 18, no. 4 (2017): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708617727753.
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Secrets in families are often toxic, leading to a sense of bewilderment at one’s own identity. Within the context of family origins, the discovery of seemingly simple and ordinary artifacts, far from being revelatory, can further obscure meaning and understanding of the person to whom it belonged. The effect of secrets can reverberate for generations affecting who we are, where we come from, and who we have the potential to be.
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Kamola, Jadwiga. "“Pani z pieskiem” (“Lady with Pooch”): Ludwik Fleck’s uses of images in his epistemological works." Transversal: International Journal for the Historiography of Science, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24117/2526-2270.2016.i1.10.
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Ludwik Fleck (1896-1961) was a bilingual academic conversant with the medical and philosophical vocabulary in both Polish and German. This paper pays tribute to Fleck’s academic bilingualism and focuses on his uses of images in the original versions of his epistemological works “Some Specific Features of the Medical Way of Thinking” (1927), “Crisis of Reality” (1929), “Scientific Observation and Perception in General” (1935) and “To Look, To See, To Know” (1947). Images are understood as actual artifacts as well as literary metaphors that structure Fleck’s thinking on epistemology. By examining Fleck’s rhetoric in the original Polish and German versions of these texts this paper unfolds the multifaceted meanings and connotations of the various image metaphors and illuminates the rhetoric impact of Gestalt psychology on Fleck’s ideas on cognition.
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Fong, Grace S. "Wu Wenying's Yongwu Ci: Poem as Artifice and Poem as Metaphor." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 45, no. 1 (1985): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2718965.
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Lestel, Dominique. "The metaphors of complexity: the language and cognitive resources of artificial life." Social Science Information 35, no. 3 (1996): 511–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901896035003006.
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The use of computers has opened access to complex phenomena for the comprehension of which no operational narrative traditions are available. Notions of “life”, “cognition” and “intelligence” constitute metaphors and procedures for description and understanding that make it possible to discuss these phenomena, however. They represent cognitive resources for scientists. Why do computer scientists “play” at being biologists, and why do they view it as essential to naturalize their artifacts? When this question is taken as the starting point, it becomes possible to outline what an anthropological study of relations to complexity might look like. For “artificial life”, the outcome is a faustian attitude, implying the creation not of life, pure and simple, but of all possible forms of life. Most importantly, this “Godly discourse” goes along with the development of a truly astonishing object — self-modifiable, adaptable and evolutionary mimetic programs. There is no place for these surprising artifacts in the narrative traditions by means of which scholars may describe and account for them. To examine the all-pervasive but constantly denied language-related dimension of experimentation in artificial life, in an attempt to reach a more intimate understanding of how a purely playful technical project may be transformed into a grandiose metaphysical program, points to two major characteristics of such discourse, which have attracted little attention so far: its insistence on staging parallel, manipulatable and acceleratable temporal sequences for the phenomena observed, as well as an obdurate, painstaking will to exclude everything human from these worlds, which must be perfectly and even hermetically sealed off, this being perceived as a precondition for real life. One direct consequence of these radical positions is that they cut off artificial life from its richest heritage, and in particular from its forefathers in the world of art. One major consequence of this research on artificial life is the reformulation of where we cross boundaries in our culture, and rethinking the status of human beings.
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Pérez, Efrén O., and Marc J. Hetherington. "Authoritarianism in Black and White: Testing the Cross-Racial Validity of the Child Rearing Scale." Political Analysis 22, no. 3 (2014): 398–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpu002.
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Using a scale of child rearing preferences, scholars find that African Americans are far more authoritarian than Whites. We argue that this racial gap in authoritarianism is largely a measurement artifact. The child rearing scale now used to measure authoritarianism is cross-racially invalid because it draws heavily on a metaphor about hierarchy. Akin to someone who favors enforcing conformity in a child, the authoritarian is thought to be inclined toward enforcing conformity in social subordinates. In both cases, one's perspective is drawn from a position of relative power. We believe this metaphor is effective among members of a majority racial group becauseindividualdominance at home meshes withgroupdominance in society. For members of a racial minority, we believe this metaphor breaks down. Using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, we establish that Blacks and Whites construe the child rearing items differently. Consequently, authoritarianism correlates highly with the things it should for Whites, but rarely so for Blacks. Using an illegal immigration experiment, we then show divergent patterns of intolerance based on the same child rearing scale. Our results highlight measurement's role in producing large racial gaps in authoritarianism, while illuminating the racial boundaries of the child rearing scale.
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Vysotska, Natalia. "Monarch’s Multiple Bodies: Implementing Body Politic Metaphor on Present-Day North American Stages." Pitannâ lìteraturoznavstva, no. 101 (July 9, 2020): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/pytlit2020.101.163.
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The paper seeks to explore the strategies instrumental for the implementation of the body politic metaphor that had been active in Western culture since classical antiquity in the plays authored by present-day North American dramatists (Sarah Ruhl’s Passion Play, USA, 2010, and Timothy Findley’s Elizabeth Rex, Canada, 2000). Drawing upon the concept of the “king’s two bodies” (E. Plowden, E. Кantorowicz, М. Аxton, А. Мusolff, L. Montrose and other New Historicists), the author sets out to demonstrate that in S. Ruhl’s dramatic cycle the metaphor serves to indicate the inextricable links between the concepts of power, the sacred, and the theatrical, whereas Т. Findley uses it to study the ontology of sex and gender in political and theatrical contexts. It is argued that the age-old somatic metaphor conceived in the archaic layers of human psyche manifests its viable receptive potential through its efficient functioning in the early 21st century cultural artifacts.
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Halskov, Kim, and Caroline Lundqvist. "Filtering and Informing the Design Space." ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 28, no. 1 (2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3434462.
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Building on the concept “prototypes that filter the design space,” we establish how other kinds of design artifacts and activities (e.g., sketching, tests, concept posters, metaphors, design tools) are equally critical in filtering the design space. We also suggest a parallel term, “informing the design space,” to define how design artifacts and activities expand the design space. We focus on a 16-month, full-scale media architecture design project and zero in on seven of its component events, and use design-space schemas to shed light on the dynamics of the design space with respect to informing and filtering the design space. Our concluding contribution is to propose design-space thinking as a sub-discipline of design research. We argue that this research perspective serves to address the creative aspects of the design process, the generative potential of design-space thinking, and the tools that support design-space thinking and research.
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Hendriyana, Husen. "Meanings and Symbols of Dalima Relief in Keraton Kasepuhan Cirebon." International Journal of Creative and Arts Studies 1, no. 2 (2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/ijcas.v1i2.1557.
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Dalima relief is the Keraton Cirebon’s artifacts in periods of Sultan Sepuh I and II (1678-1723). Dalima’s relief is rich of symbolic values with aesthetic expression of its typical culture. There are so many interpretations about Dalima Relief and yet has not been clearly undefined up to these days. This research is using qualitative research with ethnography approach aiming to constructive knowledge and aesthetic interpretation construct. This aesthetic phenomenon has a connection with the events in the past, which will be studied as synchronic or diachronic ways. Diachronic analysis aims to discover a comprehension about culture transformations of Cirebon society from the era of Hindu up to Islamic, while the aesthetic concepts will trace based on value, function and meaning through synchronic analysis with consideration of three culture phenomenon: ideas-activity-artifact, corresponding with the local attributes.Thus ‘Dalima’ is a metaphoric depiction of Q.S Al-Ikhlas (a verse in Holy Qur’an), with etymology of letter compounding ‘dal’ and number five; ‘lima’. These symbols formed by the visual elements of flowers and fruit of Delima (pomegranate), and a pair of white crows. This inspirational object, Dalima is formed as the structure of cosmological acculturative culture (Hindu, Chinese and Islam) with metaphorical representations. Activities and contextual events on this relief made it as Catatan Suluk or lessons to Cirebon’s Mursyid. Norms and theorems which shape as a culture convention on that era, becomes a power of collective traditions which tint the principal and conceptual of Cirebon culture.
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Luhman, John Teta. "Reimagining organizational storytelling research as archeological story analysis." Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal 14, no. 1 (2019): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrom-01-2017-1487.
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PurposeWe should understand stories told in organizational settings in relation to the time, space and process of their telling. This, however, is problematic since many researchers, as a matter of habit, take organizational stories out of their context and process because they tend to collect their stories through interviews. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachIn order to accept organizational stories taken out of context and process, the author looks toward archeology and its method of interpretation of artifacts as a metaphor to guide future storytelling analysis. The author argues that storytelling researchers need the analogy of archeological interpretation of artifacts to be more convincing in their quest to discover meaning.FindingsIf one sees stories as artifacts from past utterances that are lost to the moment in which they were uttered, which the metaphor of archeology allows one to do, then the goal is to reason out a coherent narrative out of the stories collected by describing their formal attributes, their spatial attributes and their chronological inference. After which, one might fit the collected stories within the broader cultural contexts of the organization under study.Originality/valueThe author offers the idea of “archeological story analysis” as a three-step method of story analysis, which allows organizational storytelling researchers to more convincingly analyze stories collected out of their context and process. The first two steps are in the interpretation of the formal attributes and spatial attributes of the stories, while the third step (chronological inference) is an attempt to analyze storytelling intent and impact on the life of the organization.
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Davis, Brian. "Instrumentalizing the book: Anne Carson’s Nox and books as archives." Frontiers of Narrative Studies 7, no. 1 (2021): 84–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fns-2021-0005.
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Abstract This article introduces an experimental mode of contemporary writing and bookmaking that I call multimodal book-archives, an emergent mode of contemporary literature that constructs narratives and textual sequences through the collection and representation of reproduced texts and other artifacts. In multimodal book-archives the book-object is presented as a container designed to preserve and transmit textual artifacts. In this article, I examine Anne Carson’s Nox (2010) as a case study in archival poetics, exemplifying the “archival turn” in contemporary literature. My analysis draws attention to how writing, subjectivity, knowledge, history, and memory in the digital age are increasingly configured through distributed networks of people and artifacts in different social and institutional spaces, demonstrating how Nox functions not only as an instrument of psychological rejuvenation, but as an aesthetic instrument for documenting, ordering, listing, and juxtaposing disparate bits of information and memory into cathartic self-knowledge. Carson’s archival poetics is deeply personal, laden with private symbols and metaphors that readers are asked to collocate, cross-reference, and translate as part of the archival reading process. If grief is a kind of chaos, then Carson’s archival poetics instrumentalizes the book as a tool for ordering that chaos into something manageable, useful, even beautiful.
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Neander, Karen. "Moths and Metaphors. Review Essay on Organisms and Artifacts: Design in Nature and Elsewhere by Tim Lewens." Biology & Philosophy 21, no. 4 (2006): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10539-005-9006-6.
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Coeckelbergh, Mark. "Technoperformances: using metaphors from the performance arts for a postphenomenology and posthermeneutics of technology use." AI & SOCIETY 35, no. 3 (2019): 557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00146-019-00926-7.
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AbstractPostphenomenology and posthermeneutics as initiated by Ihde have made important contributions to conceptualizing understanding human–technology relations. However, their focus on individual perception, artifacts, and static embodiment has its limitations when it comes to understanding the embodied use of technology as (1) involving bodily movement, (2) social, and (3) taking place within, and configuring, a temporal horizon. To account for these dimensions of experience, action, and existence with technology, this paper proposes to use a conceptual framework based on performance metaphors. Drawing on metaphors from three performance arts—dance, theatre, and music—and giving examples from social media and other technologies, it is shown that we can helpfully describe technology use and experience as performance involving movement, sociality, and temporality. Moreover, it is argued that these metaphors can also be used to reformulate the idea that in such uses and experiences, now understood as “technoperformances”, technology is not merely a tool but also takes on a stronger, often non-intended role: not so much as “mediator” but as choreographer, director, and conductor of what we experience and do. Performance metaphors thus allow us to recast the phenomenology and hermeneutics of technology use as moving, social, and temporal—indeed historical—affair in which technologies take on the role of organizer and structurer of our performances, and in which humans are not necessarily the ones who are fully in control of the meanings, experiences, and actions that emerge from our engagement with the world, with technology, and with each other. This promises to give us a more comprehensive view of what it means to live with technology and how our lives are increasingly organized by technology—especially by smart technologies. Finally, it is argued that this has normative implications for an ethics and politics of technology, now understood as an ethics and politics of technoperformances.
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Hernández Martín, José Alonso. "Writing short stories to describe literary language use and perceptions as writer." Enletawa Journal 10, no. 2 (2018): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/2011835x.8691.
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This qualitative case study aims at describing the process followed by ninth grade students at a private religious school when using and analyzing literary language. The instruments used to carry out this study were: students’ artifacts to identify and analyze the literary language used, field notes, and interviews. During this process, the learners as authors generated the construction of meaning and developed their competence in writing. The results show that students used metaphors and similes (literary features) to express ideas and details about their contexts in written production. In turn, students profited from the poetic function of the language where their voices as authors describe their perceptions and experiences as writers.
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Hutchins, Edwin. "Ecological Cognition and Cognitive Ecology." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 22 (2000): 566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402218.
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The Ecological Cognition perspective emphasizes the fact that human cognition is adaptive to the constraints of the context of task performance. People are good at developing strategies for task performance that take advantage of the informational affordances of the task environment. Therefore, if we wish to understand human cognition, we must look beyond the skin and skull of the individual to the material and social structures with which the mind interacts. Of course, material artifacts and social arrangements are elements of adaptive processes as well. Material artifacts are often crystallizations of regularities in the task environment and they develop over time, changing adaptively to fit the constraints of the task, the properties of the task performers, and the other artifacts employed in the task performance. Such changes in the material artifacts change the informational affordances of the task environment, which creates new opportunities for the development of strategies. Thus, human cognition and the material supports of human cognition must be seen as a co-adaptive system. Similarly, in complex work settings where two or more persons jointly perform tasks, social arrangements are enacted anew each time a socially distributed task is performed. Strategies for the social division of cognitive labor are also part of this co-adaptive system, both constraining and being constrained by mental and material artifacts. These interlocked co-adaptive systems suggest a cognitive ecology. It's a compelling way of talking about such systems. Can it be more than a metaphor?
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Yu. Ivanchenko, Mariia. "The National Specifics of Betrayal Metaphors Actualization in English Language Consciousness." Arab World English Journal, no. 3 (November 15, 2020): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/elt3.18.
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The article deals with metaphors of betrayal in English. The concept of betrayal studied concerning the peculiarities of its national and cultural actualization. The main issue of the work is to identify the principles of knowledge and ideas about the extra lingual reality presentation in English language consciousness. The significance of the study lies in identifying the axiological dominants of the researched concept cognitive structure, its ethnocultural specificity. The research data includes 543 examples naming betrayal inventoried through the complete selection from dictionaries, the thesaurus of English metaphors, fiction texts, etc. The method applied in this research corresponds to the objectives and data. The semantic and contextual analysis provided in lexicographical sources and fiction texts helps sort out the data collected. All examples divided into blocks: to betray- to scam, to deceive, to betray – to reveal the secret, to betray relations, to betray yourself. The analysis showed that betrayal actualized with the verbs, which contain semes to send a beep, to move in space, to remove, to leave, to put something over something, to leave; nouns – somatics; fauna; geographical objects; artifacts; adjectives with the semantic imperfect; adverbs – out, away. The result of the study shows that to respect confidentiality, personal life, ability to keep the secrets, to be honest, decent, to respect private interests are of primary importance for the English. They mostly appreciate loyalty, devotion, reliability, respect, tolerance in human relationships.
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Kim, Han-Jong, Yunwoo Jeong, Ju-Whan Kim, and Tek-Jin Nam. "A prototyping tool for kinetic mechanism design and fabrication: Developing and deploying M.Sketch for science, technology, engineering, the arts, and mathematics education." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 12 (2018): 168781401880410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018804104.
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Recently, the demand for designing mechanism-embedded artifacts has increased in personal digital fabrication. However, it is difficult for nonexperts without engineering knowledge to design and build a prototype with a kinetic mechanism. We present M.Sketch, a prototyping tool that helps nonexperts to design and build linkage-based kinetic mechanisms. It enables the user to easily configure the linkage-based mechanism with a simple interface applying a geometry drawing metaphor. The tool features computational support, including interactive visualization, top-down optimization, and connection to digital fabrication, to obtain and build the desired movement. In order to support science–art integrated science, technology, engineering, the arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education related to digital fabrication of interactive artifacts, we deployed M.Sketch in design workshops and student contests of walking robot design. The participants in the contests were able to successfully design and build walking robots with the Theo-Jansen mechanism using various support features of M.Sketch. Based on the development and deployment in science, technology, engineering, the arts, and mathematics educational domains, we figured out several implications, and further improvement points of prototyping tools supporting nonexperts in designing mechanism-embedded interactive artifacts.
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jordi, nathalie. "Samuel Chamberlain's Cléémentine in the Kitchen." Gastronomica 7, no. 4 (2007): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2007.7.4.42.
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Even apparently insignificant artifacts like menus or food columns function as spy-holes into an epistemology, revealing coded cultural mores, rituals and desires. This article explores the nature of the relationship between distinction and French cooking in Samuel Chamberlain's 1941––43 Gourmet magazine column, Cléémentine in the Kitchen, a fictionalized account of family life with a Burgundian cook. What tropes are drawn upon to evoke the desirability of French cooking, and what about Chamberlain lent them their discursive power? How are the discourse's recurring metaphors——nostalgia for a (partly invented) past, for instance, or authenticity, or the dichotomy between tradition and modernity——used to convince Americans of the refinement and achievability of French cooking?
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Hishitani, Shinsuke. "Vividness of Image and Retrieval Time." Perceptual and Motor Skills 73, no. 1 (1991): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1991.73.1.115.
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The relationship between vividness of image and information-retrieval time was examined. In an integrated-image condition the retrieval time for a vivid-image set was shorter than the retrieval time for a dim-image set; on the other hand, there was no difference in retrieval time between vivid- and dim-image sets in a verbal-rehearsal condition. Since the retrieval time difference between the two sets in the integrated-image group was not an artifact of image-construction time or presentation position, it was concluded that vividness of image affected information-retrieval time in the integrated-image group. The results were explained in terms of a picture-metaphor hypothesis of imagery.
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Lundholm, J. T., and D. W. Larson. "Restoring Artifacts as a Metaphor for Restoring Ecosystems: A Hands-on Exercise for Teaching Restoration Ecology." Ecological Restoration 22, no. 2 (2004): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.22.2.126.
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Barkan, Leonard. "Making Pictures Speak: Renaissance Art, Elizabethan Literature, Modern Scholarship." Renaissance Quarterly 48, no. 2 (1995): 326–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2863068.
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Some Often Quoted Lines from Sidney's Apology for Poetry can stand both as a piece of literary history in themselves and as a methodological guide for the study of that history: “Poesy therefore is an art of imitation: for so Aristotle termeth it in the word mimesis, that is to say, a representing, counterfeiting, or figuring forth—to speak metaphorically, a speaking picture.“1 It is one of the most famous of all definitions of poetry, and like many other such definitions—Plato's in the Republic, Horace's in the Ars Poetica2- —it arrives at saliency by drawing an analogy to the visual. More succinctly even than his predecessors, Sidney demonstrates just how difficult it is to unpack the cdncept of mimesis as he ranges through a sequence of functional descriptions ﹛representing, counterfeiting, figuring forth), none of which quite does the trick, until he arrives at a metaphor that names itself as such. One might say that a metaphor is itself a speaking picture and therefore Sidney's memorable phrase is a self-confirming artifact. But let us shy away from such metaformulations and content ourselves with a sense of just how felicitous the expression “speaking picture” turns out to be.
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Mohammed, Suha. "The Promotion of Social Awakening through the Speech of Lewis Richardson: A Metaphorical Lens that is Echoed Today." Proceedings of the International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference 4 (2021): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30658/icrcc.2021.18.
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This analysis will illustrate how a journey through the lens of metaphorical criticism can openly display the hardships, life, and reality of past African American voices, as their stories echo through the rhetor, Lewis Richardson. An examination of a striking speech that speaks volumes, recited by Lewis Richardson, will unravel the depth in imagery, interpretation, and symbolism from an application of a metaphorical critical lens that tells a story that just keeps getting louder and louder as it grows unheard. “When metaphor is seen as a way of knowing the world, it plays a particular role in argumentation” [8]. This artifact’s use of metaphor builds an argumentative case for freedom, justice, and empathy. The following analysis will shed light on how authentic slave testimony, metaphor, symbolism, personification, and juxtapositions, once coded, can bring us to a reality that may not seem so unfamiliar in comparison to our current climate of racial social instability which has erupted in an uproar of protests, movements such as Black Lives Matter, as well as a full-blown unravelling social awakening.
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Bonica, Joseph S. "“The Motherly Office of the State”: Cultural Struggle and Comprehensive Administration Before the Civil War." Studies in American Political Development 22, no. 1 (2008): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x08000059.
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This essay examines the cultural dimensions of state administrative formation. Revisiting the organization of early U.S. state school administrations in the decades before the Civil War, I emphasize the culturally peculiar vocabularies of universal salvation and motherly care in which early administrators outlined an apparatus of state “designed, like the common blessings of heaven, to encompass all.” Self-consciously distinguishing themselves from a republican governing tradition that depended upon localities to administrate state policy, the Unitarian Horace Mann and his liberal Protestant allies imagined a unified state “like a mother … taking care of all its children.” Drawing from a cultural preoccupation with a motherly and infinitely forgiving God, these Massachusetts state administrators articulated a vision of a department of state government that would directly recognize all persons, and all schools, “within every part of the Commonwealth.” Such words were more than metaphor, though metaphor was crucial to the project. Rather, the organizational logic of the “motherly state” unfolded in the matrices of responsibility and communication, of surveillance and discipline and labor policy that constituted the foundational systems of early comprehensive state administration. By bringing together the insights of institutional development with the methods of cultural history, this essay ultimately suggests that government itself can be understood as a cultural artifact.
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Kuzina, N. "Reception of the Manifestations of the Culture of Egypt in Russian Literature." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 11 (2019): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/48/49.
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The paper presents analysis of historiosophical themes, images and motifs reflecting the Egyptian culture in Russian literature of the 19th–20th centuries. They were popular among the authors of the early 20th century not only because of interest in artifacts found in the 19th century but also — and first of all — as part of a significant metaphor ‘Pre-revolutionary / Post-revolutionary Russia VS. Egypt’. There is shown the process of creating this comparison being much later than the ‘Russia VS. Europe’ paradigm in the context of the ‘Myth of St. Petersburg’, which included elements of the Egyptian theme (Sphinxes of the Neva) by the 20th century.
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Johansson Falck,, Marlene, and Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr.,. "Embodied motivations for metaphorical meanings." Cognitive Linguistics 23, no. 2 (2012): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2012-0008.
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AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between people's mental imagery for their experiences of paths and roads and the metaphorical use of path and road in discourse. We report the results of two studies, one a survey examining people's mental imagery about their embodied experiences with paths and roads, with the second providing a corpus analysis of the ways path and road are metaphorically used in discourse. Our hypothesis is that both people's mental imagery for path and road, and speakers' use of these words in metaphorical contexts are strongly guided by their embodied understandings of real-world events related to travel on paths and roads. The results of these studies demonstrate how bodily experiences with artifacts partly constrains not only how specific conceptual metaphors emerge, but how different metaphorical understandings are applied in talk about abstract entities and events.
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Leschke, Rainer, and Norm Friesen. "Education, Media and the End of the Book: Some Remarks from Media Theory." MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung 24, Educational Media Ecologies (2014): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21240/mpaed/24/2014.10.03.x.
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This paper sketches out an understanding of contemporary educational forms and practices from a vantage point afforded by recent German media studies. In so doing, it introduces a number of concepts from continental media theory. With the book – both as an artifact and an epistemic metaphor – in evident decline, what is taking its place is not any one new medium, but rather a radically new kind of media systematicity. By relentlessly reducing all content (e. g., music, film, text) to ones and zeros, digitization effectively erases the material characteristics of separate media forms, leaving behind only their conventionalized aesthetic qualities and forms. The paper builds on these arguments by concluding that the symbolic competencies which once constituted the core of all education (reading, writing, ‘rithmatic) are increasingly at odds with performative and stylistic abilities integral to this new mediatic order.
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Huertas Martín, Victor. "Theatrum Mundi and site in four television Shakespeare films." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 99, no. 1 (2019): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0184767819837548.
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This article explores metatheatricality and site specificity in four Shakespeare television films produced by Illuminations Media: Gregory Doran’s Macbeth (2001), Hamlet (2009) and Julius Caesar (2012), and Rupert Goold’s Macbeth (2010). Drawing on metatheatrical theory applied to the screen and recent criticism on site-specific theatre, I explore the films as self-referential and self-conscious works embedded in environments that oppose the artifice of drama to the ‘reality’ of normative television film. Shakespeare’s aesthetic metaphor, presented in self-contained theatrical worlds, does not depict autonomous fictions but is disrupted by outside ‘reality’.
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Corrington, Gail Paterson. "The Milk of Salvation: Redemption by the Mother in Late Antiquity and Early Christianity." Harvard Theological Review 82, no. 4 (1989): 393–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000018563.
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In their recovery and interpretation of the evidence for women's religious involvement in antiquity, feminist historians of religion employ terms like “image,” “reflection,” and “symbol” as constants in their vocabulary. This terminology indicates the importance feminist scholars attach to the ways in which women's activities are presented and the ways in which they are interpreted. Interpretation becomes the more difficult as one approaches the religions of the ancient Mediterranean world, not only because of the relative paucity and elusive nature of the evidence for women's participation in these religions, but also because the two great bodies of canon in the West—the literary artifacts of the Greco-Roman world and the canon of biblical literature—reflect a dual process of “canonization.” Certain cultural constructs and dominant metaphors have become embodied in the text themselves, while a tradition of “canonized conventions” has been modeled by these metaphors to “evaluate a priori what we see.” The interaction of conceptualization, representation, and interpretation of appearance, moreover, is such that there cannot be an “innocent eye.” Nelson Goodman observes: “The eye always comes ancient to its work. …Not only how but what it sees is regulated by need and perspective. …It does not so much mirror as take and make.” Moreover, the use of the term “image” itself reflects a process by which a particular representation is shaped and subsequently held up as the way in which something is conceptually “seen” or meant to be “seen,” and which is not necessarily or even possibly a “true” reflection.