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Journal articles on the topic 'Artificial agarwood production'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Suharti, Sri, Pratiwi Pratiwi, Erdy Santosa, and Maman Turjaman. "FEASIBILITY STUDY OF BUSINESS IN AGARWOOD INOCULATION AT DIFFERENT STEM DIAMETERS AND INOCULATION PERIODS." JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH 8, no. 2 (2011): 114–29. https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2011.8.2.114-129.

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Indonesia signifies as the biggest agarwood producer country in the world. Its demand and price tend to increase and have brought about over exploitation of agarwood. Consequently, its population in nature has decreased significantly. To overcome the situation, since 1995, agarwood has been included in the CITES Appendix II. However, illegal exploitation remains persistent and reaches an excessive level. In order to deal with it, agarwood cultivation and its artificial production have been undertaken at several provinces in Indonesia. Some supporting factors for agarwood cultivation and artifi

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2

Du, Tian-Ye, Cheng-Jiao Dao, Ausana Mapook, et al. "Diversity and Biosynthetic Activities of Agarwood Associated Fungi." Diversity 14, no. 3 (2022): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14030211.

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Agarwood is a fragrant dark resin produced in plants belonging to the family Thyme-laeaceae and which has a high economic value. The unique fragrance and medicinal applications intensify the value of agarwood. The wild populations of agarwood trees are highly threatened by high economic demand. Therefore, it is worthwhile to develop an artificial agarwood induction technology for the countries that rely on agarwood from the natural habitat of the plants. Fungal induction of agarwood has been shown to be an efficient method. Interestingly, most of the fungi known from agarwood are endophytic. I

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3

Herath, H. M. W. A. I., and B. M. S. Jinendra. "Recent Advancement in Agarwood Induction Technology: A Comprehensive Review for the Transformation of Artificial Agar Resin Induction Methods." Journal of Agro-Technology and Rural Sciences 3, no. 1 (2023): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/atrsj.v3i1.46.

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Agarwood is a high valued resinous wood containing aromatic constituents of sesquiterpenes and phenyl-ethylchromones. They are typically found in the wood tissue of Thymalaeaceae family trees such as Aquilaria and Gyrinops species once they have been physically or chemically damaged or diseased by microbial pathogens. However, the natural occurrence based agarwood production is inadequate to fulfill the worldwide market demand as it never reach to the potential yield. As a result, recent advancements in artificial agarwood induction technology have led to the efficient production of agarwood r

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4

Zhao, Weiwei, Xiaochen Song, Zaizhi Zhou, Gaofeng Liu, Qingqing Zhang, and Shengjiang Pang. "Effects of Different Levels of Physical Damage Combined with Fungal Induction on Agarwood Formation." Forests 15, no. 1 (2024): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15010168.

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As wild Aquilaria sinensis resources are exhausted and protected, China has established a huge number of plantations of Aquilaria trees and developed artificial induction techniques. However, the current output and quality of artificial induction technology have not yet met the expected results. It has been found that high-oil-containing agarwood may contain particular fungal stains associated with agarwood production. To enhance the quality of agarwood, we recovered and characterized three highly active fungi from high-oil-containing agarwood and inoculated them onto A. sinensis trees using t

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5

Novriyanti, Eka, and Erdy Santosa. "THE ROLE OF PHENOLICS IN AGARWOOD FORMATION OF Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte AND Aquilaria microcarpa Baill TREES." JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARC 8, no. 2 (2011): 101–13. https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2011.8.2.101-113.

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  Phenolic is well known as a secondary metabolite that plays an important role in plant defense system. Information about the fungi-impeded role of secondary metabolite is important in achieving success of artificial agarwood production, in that fungi induction imparted to the selected potential trees will be more effective and efficient. This research was aimed to investigate the correlation of agarwood tree phenolics in relation with the susceptibility of corresponding trees to <em>Fusarium solani </em>attack in the formation of agarwood and observing total phenolics content of <em>Aqu

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6

Faizal, Ahmad, Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti, Nadia Puji Utami, et al. "Elicitation of Secondary Metabolites in Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. Callus Culture by Crude Mycelial Extract of Fusarium solani and Methyl Jasmonate." Forests 14, no. 1 (2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14010048.

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Agarwood is a resinous wood of great economic value produced by trees from the Thymelaeaceae family in response to stress. The natural formation of agarwood can take decades after exposure to the stressors. Artificial agarwood induction by inoculating the stem with fungi has been successfully demonstrated, but resin accumulation occurs very slowly. Cell suspension and callus cultures may serve as an alternative solution to provide a fast-growing plant material to produce artificial agarwood in a short period. Here, we induced agarwood formation in callus cultures of Aquilaria malaccensis by ap

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7

Sundaraj, Yasotha, Ahmed Mediani, Kenneth Francis Rodrigues та Syarul Nataqain Baharum. "GC-MS olfactometry reveals sesquiterpenes α-humulene and δ-cadinene significantly influence the aroma of treated Aquilaria malaccensis essential oil". December 2023, № 17(12):2023 (1 грудня 2023): 893–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.12.p3916.

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Aquilaria malaccensis is a tropical woody tree that produces agarwood, which is valued for its aromatic properties. Agarwood is widely used in traditional medicines and the cosmetics industry. Natural agarwood production in the wild, which occurs due to fungal infection, is scarce and cannot meet the market demand. Hence, many artificial techniques have been employed to stimulate the production of agarwood. Although many studies have determined the volatile compounds present in naturally produced agarwood, the characterisation of these compounds from differentially treated agarwood samples, pa

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8

Roslee, Muhammad Nurrifat, Siti Zarina Mohd Muji, Balkis A. Talip, et al. "An Automatic Transfusion Set for Accelerating Inoculation Process of Agarwood Artificial Inducer." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.30 (2018): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.30.22335.

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The formation of agarwood resin can be accelerated by natural or artificial intervention of Aquilaria tree. Many planters developed varies inoculant or inducer in order to accelerate the formation of agarwood. Aquilaria trees require more than 20 years to form natural agarwood formation naturally, thus it becomes impractical especially for commercial purposes. On the other hand, the production of varies booster commonly unequipped with standard inoculating apparatus. The existing agarwood-inducing techniques require longer time to complete the inoculation process for each tree. Therefore, this

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9

Shivanand, Pooja, Nurul Fadhila Arbie, Sarayu Krishnamoorthy, and Norhayati Ahmad. "Agarwood—The Fragrant Molecules of a Wounded Tree." Molecules 27, no. 11 (2022): 3386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113386.

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Agarwood, popularly known as oudh or gaharu, is a fragrant resinous wood of high commercial value, traded worldwide and primarily used for its distinctive fragrance in incense, perfumes, and medicine. This fragrant wood is created when Aquilaria trees are wounded and infected by fungi, producing resin as a defense mechanism. The depletion of natural agarwood caused by overharvesting amidst increasing demand has caused this fragrant defensive resin of endangered Aquilaria to become a rare and valuable commodity. Given that instances of natural infection are quite low, artificial induction, incl

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10

Toan, Tran Quoc, Thi Thu Thuy Dinh, Thi Tuyen Tran, et al. "Chemical Compositions of Essential Oil of Agarwood <i>(Aquilaria crassna)</i> Harvested in Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam." Engineering Chemistry 4 (August 11, 2023): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ohm1mq.

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The importance of natural products derived from Agarwood species is increasingly emphasized in the production of perfumery or cosmetic products made on Agarwood species. On the other hand, due to the predominant amount of aromatic compounds in essential oils, frankincense essential oil is increasingly popular with high economic value. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the extraction process of essential oils and evaluated the chemical composition present in the essential oils by the GC-MS method. Differences in the composition of essential oils between natural and artificial agarwood may

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11

Aqib Fawwaz Mohd Amidon, Zakiah Mohd Yusoff, Nurlaila Ismail, and Mohd Nasir Taib. "KNN Euclidean Distance Model Performance on Aquilaria Malaccensis Oil Qualities." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 48, no. 2 (2024): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.48.2.1628.

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Agarwood is a highly prized and useful forest product. In Southeast Asia, Aquilaria Malaccensis species are typically the most prevalent. This agarwood is usually used in the manufacture of medicine, the production of high-quality perfumes, and is also used in religious and ethnic ceremonies. According to the study, the agarwood grading process entirely relies on human senses. The graders will evaluate the agarwood oil's color concentration with their unaided eyes and evaluate the amount of scent emitted with their noses. This approach has been proven to have several limitations, including tha

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12

Herath, H. M. W. A. I., and B. M. S. Jinendra. "Advancing Efficiency and Consistency in Agarwood Inoculum Production through Agarwood-Induce Inoculum Mixing Machine." Journal of Agro-Technology and Rural Sciences 3, no. 2 (2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/atrsj.v3i2.50.

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Agarwood is a bio-resin that withstands a consistent market demand worldwide due to its exceptional formula of fragrant resin and rare essence of herbal aromatic compounds. However, the Agar-resin is formed only in the Thymalaeaceae family trees as a self-defense mechanism towards plant stress. In commercial-level agarwood production, artificial inoculation is essential for reliable agarwood production. However, the prevailing method of agar-based inoculum preparation has been plagued by the tedious, time-consuming, and poor texture of insufficient blending via particle blockages in the field

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13

Chhipa, Hemraj, Kanika Chowdhary, and Nutan Kaushik. "Artificial production of agarwood oil in Aquilaria sp. by fungi: a review." Phytochemistry Reviews 16, no. 5 (2017): 835–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11101-017-9492-6.

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14

Kusumaningsih, Kartirahayu, Rawana, and Fika Asmita. "Pengujian Respon Hasil Inokulasi Tanaman Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) pada Berbagai Volume Inokulan dan Jarak Antar Lubang Inokulasi." Jurnal Wana Tropika 12, no. 1 (2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55180/jwt.v12i1.211.

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Agarwood is one of non wood forest products that has very good prospect to be developed. Right now, the market demand of agarwood products is become more increasing, so study of artificial agarwood production is necessary to be expanded. At process of agarwood plant inoculation, the suitable inoculant with proper volume and distance between inoculation holes, will effect against inoculation result. Purpose of this study were to know effect of inoculant volume and distance between inoculation holes against response of Aquilaria malaccencis after three month inoculated. Results of the research s

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15

Novriyanti, Eka, Erdy Santosa, Wasrin Syafii, Maman Turjaman, and Sitepu Irnayuli R. "ANTI FUNGAL ACTIVITY OF WOOD EXTRACT OF Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte AGAINST AGARWOOD-INDUCING FUNGI, Fusarium solani." JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH 7, no. 2 (2010): 155–65. https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2010.7.2.155-165.

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This paper provided information regarding artificial agar wood production. Fungi are considered as biological agent for agarwood formation and agarwood is assumed as tree defense mechanism product. This research was aimed at investigating the anti fungal activity (AFA) of <em>Aq</em><em>ui</em><em>l</em><em>ari</em><em>a crassna</em>, one of the agar wood-producing trees, against <em>F</em><em>usariu</em><em>m solani in vi</em><em>t</em><em>r</em><em>o</em>. <em>Aq</em><em>uilaria crassna </em>wood mill was extracted by 70% ethanol to investigate the anti fungal activity. The result are <em>Aq

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16

Khakhlari, Arup, and Supriyo Sen. "Articulating Fragrant Agarwood Formation as an Outcome of the Interaction between the Insect Zeuzera conferta and Aquilaria trees – A Review." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 4, no. 3 (2021): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.040307.

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Agarwood is the resinous infected wood obtained from Aquilaria species, which is a highly priced product in the flavour and fragrance market. Its formation is a complex process of interaction between the plant, insect, and microorganisms. Multiple studies concerning the interaction of microorganisms with the Aquilaria tree have been reported. However, the significant interaction between the insect Zeuzera conferta Walker (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) with Aquilaria has been overlooked, and only exiguous studies have been accomplished. Considering the dearth of available literature on this interestin

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17

JUNG, DINAH. "The Cultural Biography of Agarwood – Perfumery in Eastern Asia and the Asian Neighbourhood." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 23, no. 1 (2013): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186313000047.

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Agarwood (especially 〔沉香〕 Chinesechen xiang/ 〔沈香〕 Japanesejinkō), among other subspecies differentiated in East Asian languages, has caught international perfumery attention in conspicuous dimensions in the past years. It belongs to the most sought after perfumery raw materials in the world. The lucrative image of its business makes international businessmen, foreign scientists, perfumers, global industry representatives, as well as locals eager to participate in its international distribution and to improve its artificial mass cultivation and synthetic production. Moreover, efforts tran

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18

Zong, Jiarui, та Jeremy Robertson. "An Enantiospecific Synthesis of 5-epi-α-Bulnesene". Molecules 28, № 9 (2023): 3900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093900.

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As a result of its unique fragrance and wider role in traditional medicine, agarwood produced in Aquilaria spp. and certain other trees has been harvested to near extinction as a natural phenomenon. Artificially induced agarwood production in Aquilaria plantations has sated some of the demand although the product quality is variable. Synthetic chemistry may have a role to play in providing sustainable routes to many of the fragrant components identified in agarwood and its smoke when burnt as incense. In this work, we report efforts towards a total synthesis of the guaiane sesquiterpene α-buln

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19

Faizal, Ahmad, Dina Hermawaty, Eliana Junita, et al. "Evaluation of biotic and abiotic stressors to artificially induce agarwood production in Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke seedlings." Symbiosis 86, no. 2 (2022): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13199-022-00835-2.

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20

Falcon, Flyn Daryl, Frances Felicity Felicen, Bethena Clarisse Balanon, Anlee Refuerzo, and Joel Garcia. "Chemical induction for agarwood formation: a recent review." Discover Plants 2, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44372-025-00308-y.

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Abstract Agarwood is a non-timber product from the family Thymelaeaceae, under the genus Aquilaria and Gyrinops, used mainly to produce fragrances, medicines, and other products for religious activities. The tree’s defense mechanisms against biological, chemical, or physical stresses activate key compounds such as sesquiterpenoids and phenylethyl chromone derivatives, leading to the formation of resin or agarwood. However, traditional agarwood production is often unpredictable and inconsistent, leading to the development of artificial induction techniques. Chemical induction is the most widely

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21

Hou, Wencheng, Jian Feng, Yuanyuan Sun, Xiqin Chen, Yangyang Liu, and Jianhe Wei. "Utilizing metabolomics and network analysis to explore the effects of artificial production methods on the chemical composition and activity of agarwood." Frontiers in Pharmacology 15 (May 7, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1357381.

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Introduction: Agarwood is a traditional aromatic southern medicine. It has a long history of being used in traditional Chinese aromatherapy to treat insomnia, anxiety and depression. Due to the scarcity of wild resources, people have planted trees successfully and begun to explore various agarwood-inducing techniques. This study comparative analysis of volatile metabolites in agarwood produced by various inducing techniques and its potential sleep-promoting, anti-anxiety and anti-depressant network pharmacological activities. Methods: A total of 23 batches of two types of agarwood were collect

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22

Zhang, Ningnan, Shiyu Xue, Jie Song, et al. "Effects of various artificial agarwood-induction techniques on the metabolome of Aquilaria sinensis." BMC Plant Biology 21, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03378-8.

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Abstract Background Agarwood is a highly sought-after resinous wood for uses in medicine, incense, and perfume production. To overcome challenges associated with agarwood production in Aquilaria sinensis, several artificial agarwood-induction treatments have been developed. However, the effects of these techniques on the metabolome of the treated wood samples are unknown. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of four treatments: fire drill treatment (F), fire drill + brine treatment (FS), cold drill treatment (D) and cold drill + brine treatment (DS)) on ethanol-ex

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23

Herath, H.M.W.A.I. and Jinendra, B.M.S. "Non-Destructive Assessment of Agarwood Resin Formation Status in Aquilaria crassna using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy." Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium 28 (February 14, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v28.7032.

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Agarwood is a unique and valuable resin synthesized within a few tree species of the tree family Thymelaeaceae primarily as a self-defence mechanism against stress causes such as fungal invasions. Instead, artificial inoculation leads to short-time harvesting practiced in intensive commercial-level cultivations. The extraction of this resin can be done only after the harvesting where accurate estimation of resin yield is crucial for avoiding immature or underdeveloped harvesting. However, the amount of resin accumulated in the trunk cannot be estimated by the outside inspection. As a result, t

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24

Arup, Khakhlari, and Sen Supriyo. "Articulating Fragrant Agarwood Formation as an Outcome of the Interaction between the Insect Zeuzera conferta and Aquilaria trees – A Review." September 3, 2021. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.040307.

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Abstract:

Agarwood is the resinous infected wood obtained from Aquilaria species, which is a highly priced product in the flavour and fragrance market. Its formation is a complex process of interaction between the plant, insect, and microorganisms. Multiple studies concerning the interaction of microorganisms with the Aquilaria tree have been reported. However, the significant interaction between the insect Zeuzera conferta Walker (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) with Aquilaria has been overlooked, and only exiguous studies have been accomplished. Considering the dearth of available literature on this inter

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25

Vidurangi, A. N. G. C. K., D. S. Manamgoda, and S. M. C. U. P. Subasinghe. "Presence of Actinomycetes in agarwood tissues of Aquilaria crassna: A preliminary study." Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment 12, no. 01 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/jtfe.v12i01.6112.

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Agarwood is a valuable resin produced inside certain tree species of the family Thymalaeaceae distributed in the Asian region. Agarwood production occurs as a defense mechanism when the trees are under physical or biological stresses. However, the formation of agarwood resins in significant extractable quantities due to natural stress conditions is rare; therefore, the farmers use various methods to induce its formation artificially. Certain fungal species such as Fusarium and Aspergillus become more popular among them to produce high-quality agarwood. However, studies are rare on using other

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