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Shea, Elizabeth Anne. "Perseverant feeding disorder in children." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408796.
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Kull, Inger. "Infant feeding and allergy in children /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-553-4/.
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Lin, Xin. "Systematic review of parenting style, feeding style, and feeding practice studies." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3690630.
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Krull, Christoph [Verfasser]. "Optimization and Automation of Artificial Tick Feeding / Christoph Krull." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212031822/34.
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Singh, Rashmi Roshan. "Enteral feeding methods and surgical complications in children." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10057352/.
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Background: In the unwell child who is unable to feed orally, various methods for enteral feeding having been advocated. The ideal method for a particular child has to be tailored according to his/her anatomy, physiology and requirements. The impact of complex medical background on outcomes and complications following a surgical procedure in children remains largely unrecognized. Aims: 1. To determine whether percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is superior to radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) 2. To determine outcomes following surgical jejunostomy (SJ) or radiologically inserted gastro-jejunal (RGJ) tube 3. To study complications after surgery and determine its effect Methods: A double-blinded randomised controlled trial was conducted in children needing gastric feeding, who received either a PEG or RIG. They were followed up for up to 3 years to record any complication. Retrospective reviews of buried bumpers (a specific complication of gastrostomy), and the nutritional outcomes following jejunostomy placement (SJ or RGJ) was carried out. Available scoring systems for post-operative complications were reviewed and initial development of a new paediatric complexity scoring system was performed. Results: In the trial 198 children were randomised (100 PEG and 98 RIG). They were followed up to a median of 1 year (6 weeks to 3 years). There was no difference between total number of complications or the rate of complications, following PEG or RIG. Both SJ and RGJ are able to maintain and improve growth in a carefully selected group of children. There is a need for validation of a developed paediatric complexity scoring system. Conclusions: PEG and RIG have equivalent rates of complications. SJ and RGJ cannot be compared as they are used for patients at different stages in a spectrum of malnutrition. Impact of the complexity of paediatric patients on their post-operative complications needs thorough consideration to improve outcomes.
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Youngblood, Marie. "Mother Feeding Style and Health Outcomes of Children." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6295.
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Childhood and adolescent obesity are pervasive among single mother households. Obesity causes many health risks including psychological/emotional illnesses. The purpose of this secondary analysis study was to examine the association between the parental feeding styles of single mothers and the degree that ethnicity moderates the rates of childhood obesity. Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were used with a total of 1,630 children in the study for a total of 842 minorities (African American and Hispanic American); 788 participates were not minorities (European American) with an average body mass indent of 15.9. Using the cross-sectional design, the quantitative study analyzed an association of parental feeding style and overweight/obesity. According to study findings, there was no statistical significance between the parental feeding style and ethnicity status. There was no statistical significance between the child's compliance with the mother's food choice, the child's frequency of compliance nor the child's compliance even when they don't want to eat with overweight/obesity when moderated by ethnicity. Finally, there was no statistical significance when moderated by ethnicity. Educating single mothers about habits and perceptions concerning food is critical so that they are aware they can offer wholesome nutritional food as food choices. Education is a determinate of health that would moderate the parental feeding style
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Greer, Lindsay P. "Sensory and Behavioral Based Feeding Disorders in Young Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1692.
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Boni, Zofia Antonina. "Children and food in Warsaw : negotiating feeding and eating." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22781/.
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In my thesis I argue that feeding children in Warsaw involves multiple negotiations, which engage different people, various institutions and take place in varied spaces. Amid these negotiations, adults and children engage in power struggles, which are situated within wider public discourses, political debates and moral perspectives on food and modern personhood. Adults implement strategies in order to feed children in a particular way, whereas children re-negotiate that imposed order using different tactics. Children in many ways influence the process of feeding. At the same time, both adults and children are disciplined and normalized in relation to what is considered the 'proper' way of feeding and eating. They are socialized into 'proper' eaters and feeders by other social actors. I argue that feeding and eating are inextricably connected and cannot be studied separately as they continuously influence one another. The thesis is based on 12 months of fieldwork conducted in Warsaw between September 2012 and August 2013. My fieldwork was based on multi-sited and relational ethnography and included research conducted with working and middle class families and in primary schools. During my fieldwork I treated children, aged 6-12 years old, as independent interlocutors and I used diversified methods when working with them. I also studied state institutions, food companies and food marketers, non-governmental organisations and media debates related to children and food. Drawing from practice theory and building on structural and interactive approaches, I study the ways in which feeding and eating are negotiated between diverse social actors in Warsaw. The thesis discusses diverse moral perspectives on food, discourses and narratives about food and children, multiple experiences and practices related to feeding and eating embedded in the context of postsocialist transformation, shifting notions of parenthood and childhood, and the changing politics of food and food education in Poland.
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Forsythe, Grace Williams. "Infant feeding practices and growth outcomes of Rastafarian children." FIU Digital Commons, 1987. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3336.
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This study was undertaken to determine Rastafarian infancy and childhood feeding practices and to analyze the effects of this vegan diet on the nutrient intake and growth of Rastafarian infants and children.
The Rastafarian cult originated in Jamaica, West Indies. Rastafarians have special religious, dietary and social guidelines, including many dietary prohibitions. The daily spiritual ritual includes smoking marijuana. Forty children of immigrant Rastafarians living in Miami were assessed to analyze their vegan diet and its effects on their nutrient intake and growth. All children had been breast-fed for an average of two years in conjunction with the early addition of foods. Bush teas were preferred to soy formulas and were used medicinally.
Excluding the three infants, the children were grouped according to age; one to three years old, n=ll; four to six years old, n=16; over six years, n=10. Among all groups, calories, calcium and B12 intakes were below 100% of the RDA. In the two older groups, B12 intake was less than 67% of the RDA and in the oldest group, calories were also less than 67% of the RDA.
Z-scores were used to compare anthropometric data obtained at various ages. Although weights, lengths and weight of length were above the means, there was a negative correlation of weight for length with age. Growth percentile categories for weight, weight for length, and triceps skinfold decreased with age.
The B12 intake and weight of one to three year olds were correlated (p=.01). Among four to six year olds, there was a correlation between B12 intake and both length (p=.01) and weight for length (p=.04). Among the oldest group, there are a negative correlation between B12 and weight (p=.O4); calories and length (p=.O3); and calories and weight for length (p=.006).
Sub-optimal nutrient intakes of B12, calories and calcium in this population are similar to findings in other vegan groups.
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Bryce, Carol. "Feeding pre-school children : negotiating good motherhood through food." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/65094/.
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Food retains a central importance in family life, which extends beyond its nutritional necessity. Through in-depth interviews with 39 mothers of pre-school children, this study focuses on how mothers negotiate the complex and competing priorities of feeding their children. Mothers are expected to feed their children, according to expert definitions of appropriate nutrition, whilst taking account of individual food preferences and structural constraints. The ways that feeding children intersects with the construction of ‘good’ mother or how mothers negotiate external information and advice on feeding their children has not been the focus of much research. This research considers these issues at a time when government policy remains focused on health, lifestyles and obesity. This study shows that mothers feel the responsibility of motherhood strongly whilst accepting their accountability. It also shows that feeding children is one of the main concerns of mothers of young children and one that occupies a great deal of time. By talking to mothers of different ages and living in different social circumstances, this study shows that all mothers accept the links between food and health and all take account of these links as they look to their children’s future health. All mothers seek external sources of information and advice but sources differ with mothers’ age and social class. Expertise is found not to be the preserve of those with formal qualifications as mothers talked of how expertise is negotiated. Mothers therefore work hard to negotiate their own versions of good motherhood through their food decision-making. By focusing on the aspects of feeding children that are considered the most important at any given time, mothers are able to negotiate their own sense of good motherhood.
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Lewanzik, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Artificial light affects bats across climatic zones and feeding guilds / Daniel Lewanzik." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144955319/34.
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Eldanaf, Naja Jamil. "The Association between Breast Feeding and Being Overweight in Children." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/818.
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Purpose: Obesity/Overweight in children is an epidemic and the most common disorder of childhood in the developed world. Prevalence is increasing, leading to short- and long-term complications. Breastfeeding may protect against childhood obesity, but the debate is ongoing. The main purpose of this project was to assess the relationship between breastfeeding and being overweight in early childhood.Methods: Data were collected from the State and Local Area Integrated Telephone survey; National Survey of Children's Health, 2003. Overall, 16,358 children, ages 3 to 5, were included in the sample. SPSS Complex Sample software was utilized to generate for all analyses. Complex samples crosstabs was utilized to see if there is association between the outcome and risk factors. Complex samples logistic regression was done to assess whether breastfeeding is associated with being overweight in childhood after adjustment for potential confounders.Results: Being overweight was more prevalent among children who are Black, living at 95th percentile). After adjusting for confounders, the effect remained statistically significant (OR: 1.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-2.1).Conclusions: Breastfeeding has a protective effect against being overweight in children 3 to 5 years of age. While more research is needed to investigate the risk factors for overweight, public health efforts should continue to promote breastfeeding as a safe and effective method for nutrition, which has the potential to improve the overall health of children.
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Martinez, Teran Mercedes Leticia 1960. "MATERNAL BELIEFS AND FEEDING PRACTICES CONCERNING CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA AMONG MEXICANS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276571.
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Uys, Karina Johanna. "Oral feeding skills of premature infants." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07172006-123438.
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Didehbani, Nyaz Kelly Kimberly. "Role of parental anxiety on pediatric feeding disorders." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9853.
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Bailey, Rita L. Angell Maureen E. "Improving feeding skills and mealtime behaviors in children and youth with disabilities." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3064528.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2002.Title from title page screen, viewed February 9, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Maureen E. Angell (chair), James R. Thompson, C. Al Bowman, Stacey Jones Bock, Emily H. Watts. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-216) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Gordon, Cheryl. "Feeding disordered children : the impact on family systems from parents' perspectives." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1036183.
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Feeding disorders are common in disabled children, and family reactions are critical factors influencing the severity and course of this problem. This study hypothesized that feeding disorders in disabled children would be significantly more stressful to parents than other childhood disabilities; that pediatric feeding disorders would be more stressful in single parent families than two parent families; and that childhood feeding disorders would be less stressful to fathers than to mothers.Two copies each of the Friedrich Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (QRS-F) and a demographic data survey were sent to 79 families of disabled children. Responses were received from 47 subjects representing 31 households. Analysis of Variance of the QRS-F scores indicated significantly greater stress levels in families of disabled children who received tube feedings, but not in families whose disabled children required special assistance with oral feeding. There was an inadequate number of responses from single parent families to statistically compare their stress levels to two parent families with feeding disordered children. The comparison of fathers and mothers of disabled children with feeding disorders did not yield a statistically significant difference in stress levels.The greater stress levels found in parents of disabled children who received tube feedings shows a need to provide improved education and training programs, as well as support after hospital discharge, to families with tube fed children.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Pollitt, Ernesto, John Durnin, Tom Aitchison, Mahdi Husaini, Abas Jahari, and Beat Schürch. "The development of undernourished children: an experimental study on early feeding." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101558.
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The study was a randomized clinical tria! involving two cohorts (12 and 18 months) of nutritionally at risk Jndonesian children and three types of supplementary feeding: high energy and micronutrients; skimmed milk and micronutrients; and skimmed milk. The hypothesis of the study was that high energy and micronutrient supplements given early to children could delay on physical growing and mental development. The results showed that a combined energy and micronutrient supplement given for ayear to the 12-month-old children had wide range beneficia! effects. The same supplement given to the 18-month-old had only a modest effect. This suggests that if such an intervention is to he effective it needs to begin early in life.El estudio fue un ensayo clínico aleatorio en el que participaron dos cohortes de niños (12 y 18 meses) indonesios en riesgo nutricional; hubo tres suplementos dietéticos: energía alta y micronutrientes; leche descremada y micronutrientes; y leche descremada. Se puso a prueba la hipótesis de que un suplemento de energía y micronutrientes administrado tempranamente, previene el retardo en el crecimiento físico y el desarrollo mental. Se obtuvo que el efecto de la suplementación con energía y micronutrientes en los bebés de 12 meses fue superior al efecto producido por la suplementación con micronutrientes y leche descremada. Los efectos en el grupo que comenzó a los 18 meses fueron menores. Hubo una interacción entre los efectos. Los resultados sugieren que este tipo de intervención en niños desnutridos debe iniciarse durante el primer año de vida.
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Yakey, Abigail Brodrick. "COMPARING FOOT PRESSURES DURING FEEDING IN TWO DISTINCT GROUPS OF CHILDREN." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1176925538.
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Gentry, Retha D. "Infant Feeding Practices and the Risk of Childhood Obesity among Hispanic Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8374.
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Ignagni, Esther. "Not at the table, an ethnography of feeding children by gastrostomy tube." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0003/MQ45412.pdf.
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Adams, M. S. "The management of feeding difficulties in children with cerebral palsy in Bangladesh." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18980/.
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The majority of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) have feeding difficulties, which result in chronic malnutrition and respiratory disease, reducing quality of life for caregiver and child, and causing early child mortality. In well-resourced countries, high and low-tech medical interventions, ranging from gastrostomy tube-feeding to parent training, are available. In Bangladesh the former is not viable and the latter is both scarce and its effectiveness not evaluated. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a training programme to improve the feeding practices of carers of children with CP, observing the impact on level of nutritional intake, risk of aspiration and distress caused to both during feeding. Thirty-seven caregivers and their children aged 1-11 with moderate-severe CP and feeding difficulties were invited to a six-session training programme. Pre and post measures (quantitative and qualitative) were taken during home visits in addition to giving brief advice. A control phase was evaluated for 12 of the participant pairs whilst awaiting training. A minimum of four training sessions was successful in significantly improving children’s nutritional intake and chest health, maximising independence in feeding, improving the experience of mealtimes for both child and caregiver, decreasing caregiver stress regarding their child’s feeding difficulties and improving child levels of cooperation. Catch-up growth was observed in 26% of the children. A significant difference in the outcomes between advice only and groups was observed. In conclusion, carers in Bangladesh, who have minimal formal education and live in abject poverty are able to change care-giving practices significantly after four training sessions, with positive consequences for both child and caregiver. Methods of providing affordable food supplementation need to be investigated and further steps must to be taken to lobby policy-makers in order to ensure that services have the motivation and capacity to address this area of need.
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Warrington, S. "Comparative studies on the growth of children in relation to feeding practice." Thesis, University of Salford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372148.
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Boggs, Teresa, and C. Jakubowicz. "Taming Mealtime Tantrums: A Workshop for Parents of Children with Feeding Disorders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1524.
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Jacquier, Emma Frances. "Caregiver experiences, attitudes and perceptions about feeding Swiss toddlers and preschool children." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.730251.
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Objective: Poor dietary habits in the first years have been associated with overweight, obesity and health consequences in later life. Young children, particularly in the years before going to school, depend on their caregivers to make healthy food choices on their behalf. Little is known about caregiver experiences, attitudes and perceptions about the feeding of toddlers and preschool children (l-5y) in Switzerland. This research aims to provide, for the first time, an understanding of the lived experience of these caregivers from the French-speaking region of Switzerland. Methods: In-depth, in-home interviews (n=17) were conducted with 19 male and female caregivers (16 = female, 3 = male, age range = 20-46y, low to high income). The model, “Food Choice Process over the Life Course”, was used as a theoretical framework. The interviews explored experiences, attitudes and perceptions about the provision of foods and beverages to children (l-5y). Interview transcripts underwent a thematic analysis and key themes were developed from the data. Results: Two over-arching themes were identified: “Managing” and “Rules and Routines”. Rules about foods and beverages to be encouraged/limited were widespread, along with finishing, or not, the entire meal. Eating in-between meals was routine at 10 o’clock and 4 o’clock. Participants struggled to explain how they portioned foods but offered volume-estimates of beverages consumed. Participants also held specific beliefs about some beverages. Childhood memories and health-professional advice were given as common origins of rules and beliefs. Managing time and budget for food purchases determined the nature of foods and beverages bought, and the types of meals prepared. Home-cooked food was considered superior to ready-meals, and cooking skills helped to save time. There was good agreement between the findings of this study and the theoretical framework. Conclusions and Implications: Rules and routines helped to standardise feeding, minimise cognitive effort and encourage healthy eating behaviours. Snacking routines appeared linked to cultural classifications. Rules and routines provide an insight into the caregiver feeding-styles and practices in Switzerland. Cooking skills helped overcome time constraints, and appeared to encourage the preparation of vegetables. The opportunities for further research, and the education of Swiss caregivers, and healthcare professionals, are discussed.
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Craig, Gillian Marie. "Mother knows best : gastrostomy feeding in disabled children : professional and parental discourses." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446872/.
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This thesis explores professional and parental discourses in relation to gastrostomy feeding technologies. Drawing on resources from feminist poststructuralism as a rationale for interpreting women's accounts, it examines how these ideas can lend themselves to the study of parenting and feeding. Current clinical and research arenas bring health care providers, children and their families to make decisions about children's feeding. A prevalent medical discourse in feeding disabled children revolves around malnourishment and poor growth, prompting a perception of the need for a gastrostomy feeding tube. Interviews with 22 mothers, between 1998 and 2001, formed part of an externally funded evaluation of gastrostomy feeding which the author was employed to coordinate. The author presents a deconstruction of the research study to explore how researchers mediate between different clinical and research discourses, and analyses how the subsequent political and ethical issues impact on children and their families. Women's accounts are analysed as constructing tube feeding as an intervention that either transforms their child by rendering her as 'other', or transforms their way of relating to the child, represented through oral feeding. Tube feeding was also constructed as an infringement of the child's rights to be involved and participate in social arenas, also associated with oral feeding. Both parents and clinicians constructed feeding decisions in terms of the child's best interests but, informed by competing and contradictory discourses, arrived at different conclusions about children's care. Parental accounts are analysed in terms of complex cultural-political overdeterminations between discourses of mothering, children's rights and normative child development. This analysis suggests that the clinical focus on weight-gain may underestimate women's concerns and has implications for how services support families. Drawing on reflexive methodological debates, the author highlights the needs and responses of researchers and clinicians, and indicates how these could be better addressed.
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Boom, Suzanna A. M. van den. "Feeding practices and growth of children under 20 months of age in Madrid." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241399.
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Cornwell, Sonya Kelly Kimberly. "Pediatric feeding disorders efficacy of multidisciplinary inpatient treatment of gastrostomy tube dependent children /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9113.
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Kasese-Hara, Mambwe C. "Feeding behaviour and appetite in young children with non-organic failure to thrive." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4635/.
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The study reported in this thesis was aimed at investigating taste preferences and caloric compensation in one to two year old children with non-organic failure to thrive (FTT) as compared to normally developing children of the same age. The sample studied included 28 cases with non-organic FTT, and 28 controls with normal growth. The study comprised two experiments. The first tested the child's relative preference for sucrose sweetened solutions versus water. The test session included six 60 second presentations of tastant at three levels of concentration n i.e. water, 0.2 Mol sucrose solution, and 0.4 Mol sucrose solution, with at least 30 second intervals between presentations. The second experiment measured caloric compensation, by testing the child's intake from a standard meal on two occasions, after a pre-load of no-calorie or high-calorie drink. In addition meal time behavioural observations were made, and information about the child’s feeding history was obtained from parent reports. All children regardless of whether they were failing to thrive or not preferred 0.2 Mol sucrose solution to 0.4 Mol sucrose and to water. The energy intake of children with FTT was lower than that of controls, and meal-time behaviours showed some differences between groups in both the child and parent behaviours. Unlike the controls the FTT children showed no caloric compensation, but showed a trend towards the opposite of compensation. Analysis of growth data showed that FTT in the sample studied was present from birth.
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Bennett, Carmel. "The relationships between impulsivity, weight, eating behaviour and parental feeding practices in children." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5918/.
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Previous research has indicated that impulsivity is associated with child weight, eating behaviour and some controlling feeding practices and that there are differences in these variables between children with high (including clinically elevated) and low impulsivity levels. Few of these studies have used a range of impulsivity measures to assess this multifaceted concept. This thesis aimed to explore these relationships and differences using a range of parent-report and behavioural impulsivity measures. Three samples of children (2-4-year-olds, 7 -11 -year-olds and 5-15-year-olds) and their parents participated in three studies. Analyses indicated that impulsivity was positively associated with child weight and snack intake (Chapters Three and Five). Links between impulsivity, restriction and pressure to eat were mixed (Chapters Three and Five). Parental monitoring moderated links between impulsivity and food approach behaviour; a lack of monitoring was detrimental to child eating behaviour (Chapter Three). Observations of mealtime behaviours of parent-child dyads in which children had high vs. low impulsivity levels showed that parents of children with high impulsivity levels used more pressure to eat, while their children made more requests for food (Chapter Four). Furthermore, impulsivity, dietary restraint and stress interacted in their effects over snack intake; children high in impulsivity and dietary restraint decreased their intake under stress, while children low in dietary restraint increased their intake under stress (Chapter Six). Finally, parents and their children with and without clinically elevated impulsivity levels differed in eating and feeding behaviours (Chapter Seven). Interesting gender differences emerged throughout and the implications of the results and limitations of the individual studies are discussed in each chapter.
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Jordan, Caroline. "Maternal self-efficacy in mothers of children with and without clinical feeding problems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25515.
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The understanding of maternal factors associated with child feeding problems is limited due to a lack of research which has examined a comprehensive range of maternal factors and the existing literature focussing on a narrow range of ideas about the wider familial context in which feeding problems occur. The broad aim of this thesis is to investigate maternal parenting of children with and without clinical feeding problems to provide insights into the wider context in which feeding problems occur. In study 1, thematic analysis of interviews with 10 mothers of children with, and 10 mothers of children without, clinical feeding problems revealed that mothers of children with clinical feeding problems appeared to have less maternal self-efficacy for managing parenting challenges than mothers in the non-clinical group. A template analysis found that these perceptions seemed to be informed by four theoretical sources of self-efficacy: mastery experiences, verbal persuasion, vicarious experience and physiological state. In study 2, 278 mothers of children with and without clinical feeding problems completed existing self-report measures of maternal self-efficacy. It was found that lower levels of maternal self-efficacy for establishing structure and routine around instrumental child care tasks and for implementing discipline and setting limits for the child was predictive of problematic child feeding behaviour and maladaptive maternal responses to child feeding problems. In study 3, 215 mothers of children with and without feeding problems completed self-report measures of the theoretical components of self-efficacy (mastery experiences, verbal persuasion, vicarious experience, physiological state). Physiological state was found to be the strongest predictor of maternal self-efficacy for establishing structure and routines as well as for providing discipline and setting limits for the child. Maternal self-efficacy mediated the relationship between physiological state and problematic child feeding behaviour and the relationship between parenting stress and maladaptive maternal responses. The final study was a pilot study using autophotography. This study explored parenting dimensions and tasks which contributed towards perceptions of maternal self-efficacy in 13 mothers of children without clinical feeding problems. Findings suggested that child feeding was an especially difficult and complex task for mothers to manage, with many mothers reporting perceptions of low efficacy for managing mealtimes. This appeared to be due to the large number of health related concerns and the worry mothers felt when children did not eat a healthful diet. Overall, results of this thesis suggest that mothers who lack confidence in their ability to manage child behaviour report more problematic child feeding behaviours and use more maladaptive strategies for managing feeding problems. Findings of the studies in this thesis suggest that mothers of children with feeding problems, and who are experiencing high levels of stress, may be especially vulnerable to lower levels of maternal self-efficacy which may exacerbate difficulties. Increasing maternal self-efficacy for providing structure, routines and discipline in mothers experiencing feeding problems in their children may improve outcomes for those affected.
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Goodwin, Maria Carmen. "Parental Self-Efficacy, Feeding Practices and Styles, and Obesity in Mexican American Children." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4368.
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Childhood obesity rates among Mexican Americans have risen along with the concerns of public health professionals. The purpose of this cross-sectional study, based on social cognitive theory, was to investigate the relationships among parental self-efficacy, parental feeding practices and styles, and childhood obesity, as measured by the parental perception of child weight, among Mexican Americans in Texas. Mothers and fathers (n=83; 33 males, 64 females), with at least 1 child between 8 and10 years, formed the sample. Relationships were assessed using the Tool to Measure Parenting Self-Efficacy questionnaire, the Parental Feeding Practices Questionnaire for Mexican American parents, the Parenting Dimensions Inventory – Short Version, and a figure rating scale of child’s weight. Data were collected through SurveyMonkey and analyzed by gender using linear regression. Feeding styles of reasoning [β = -.065, 95% C.I. (-.124, -.007), p < .05] and greater parental control [β = -.158, 95% C.I. (-.294, -.023), p < .05] decreased parents’ perceptions of their male child’s weight; feeding styles of letting situations go [β = .049, 95% C.I. (.005, .093), p < .05] increased parents’ perceptions of their male child’s weight. Feeding practice of the use of food to control behavior [β= .029, 95% C.I. (.009, .049), p < .05] and restriction of food [β= .041, 95% C.I. (.016, .065), p < .05] increased parents’ perception of their male child’s weight. There were no significant results for female children or parental self-efficacy. This study has implications for positive social change: changes in feeding practices and styles for Mexican American parents could improve the effectiveness of obesity interventions for PH staff and thus decrease morbidity and mortality among Mexican American children, especially boys in Texas.
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Cornwell, Sonya. "Pediatric feeding disorders: Efficacy of multidisciplinary inpatient treatment of gastrostomy tube dependent children." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9113/.
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Efficacy of multidisciplinary inpatient treatment of feeding disordered children was sought through retrospective chart review of 40 G-tube dependent children ages 22 months to 7 years. Premature births were 55% of the sample ranging from 23 to 36 weeks gestation. The majority of co-occurring medical conditions included congenital anomalies (50%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (25%) and chronic lung disease (25%). Treatment effect analyzed from pre and post treatment measures of oral and G-tube caloric intakes resulted in a significant difference from admission to discharge for both oral intake, t (39) = 5.76, p < 0.001, d = 1.02, and G-tube dependency, t(39) = 10.94, p < 0.001, d = 2.03 with both showing strong treatment effects. Results indicated a highly reliable and valid method of treating severe pediatric feeding disorders.
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Taylor, Maunelva Denise. "Investigating trends in feeding practices and anthropometric indices in infants and children on Montserrat, 1993-2002." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82438.
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The prevalence of obesity in the paediatric population is on the increase and there is speculation that suboptimal breastfeeding patterns may be contributing to the present obesity epidemic. We described the prevalence and trends in underweight and overweight among 3 052 school aged children over a ten year period, and patterns of exclusive and any infant breastfeeding among 671 mothers over a 6 year period on Montserrat a small British colony which forms part of the chain of Caribbean islands, and experienced the eruption of the Soufriere Hills volcano in July 1995.The results revealed for 11 year old children there was an excess risk of being overweight in the post volcanic period compared to the pre volcanic period (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.5-2.7).
The rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months of age was exceptionally low (3.4%) in relation to the international recommendations, but the prevalence of any breastfeeding at 4-6 months was relatively high 67.1%. Maternal age was the only significant variable associated with exclusive breastfeeding.
These findings highlight the need for promoting and prolonging exclusive breastfeeding and that overweight is increasing in the children on Montserrat.
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Robinson, Matthew T. "The tracking of pathogens during artificial actoparasite feeding : a focus on Bartonella henselae and Anaplasma phagocytophilum." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501522.
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There has been a surge in the number of emerging zoonotic vector-borne diseases world-wide. Current research on vector-borne diseases is often focused on interactions between mammalian hosts and pathogens. Relatively little is known of the interactions that take place when pathogens are ingested by vector species. The aim of this project is to develop techniques which would allow us to track zoonotic bacteria within the vector and to identify possible interactions. Two models were used in this study: Bartonella henselae and the flea Ctenocephalides felis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum and the tick Ixodes ricinus.
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Gordon, Christopher Alan. "Reproductive Success of Black Skimmers on an Artificial Island: Effects of Hatching Date and Feeding Rate." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626210.
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Dwivedi, Garima. "The association of breast feeding and nutritional status of children 13-36 months of age /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56652.
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Previous studies failed to report benefits of prolonged breast feeding on nutritional status. A nationally representative sample of 1411 children from Sri Lanka (1987) was used to compare breast feeders versus non breast feeders, as well as duration of breast feeding, through multivariate analyses for height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores. Analyses of interaction showed prolonged breast feeding to be advantageous among children of working mothers, and children from households using an unimproved water supply. For example, children 35 months of age, breast fed for 24 versus 8 months were 0.9 centimetres (95% confidence interval; +0.0, 1.8) taller if mothers worked and 420 grams (140, 690) heavier if households used an unimproved water supply. Among uneducated mothers breast fed children were 1.3 cm (2.2, 3.3) shorter than non breast fed children. Prolonged breast feeding should be encouraged as it is advantageous for the nutritional status of certain subgroups of children older than 12 months of age.
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Almgren, Gunnar Robert. "Artificial nutrition and hydration practices and the American nursing home : currents of social change and adaptation by an industry in transition /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8886.
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Bradley, Bobbi J. "Prolonged bottle feeding and the association with overweight and obesity : a retrospective study of women, infant, and children program enrolled participants three and four years of age /." Connect to online version, 2009. http://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/45120.
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Didehbani, Nyaz. "Role of Parental Anxiety on Pediatric Feeding Disorders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9853/.
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The proposed study examined the relationship between parental anxiety, measured both subjectively (via self-report questionnaires) and objectively (via salivary cortisol) and the child's feeding progress. Children diagnosed with a feeding disorder were recruited with their parents at Our Children's House at Baylor (n=19; 11 females, 8 males). The patients and their parents were housed in the clinic for an eight-week intensive multidisciplinary pediatric feeding disorder treatment program. Calorie intake was recorded daily as outcome measures of treatment progression. Parental anxiety was measured by the Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP), state anxiety on the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and by salivary cortisol at three different time points. The present study attempted to examine whether parental feeding (phase three of treatment program) would continue to cause a decrease in the child's caloric intake. In averaging ten meals prior to parental feeding in comparison to the average of ten meals following parental feeding, there was no significant difference as measured by a t-test. Paired t-tests examined parental anxiety from time one to time two and found that salivary cortisol increased significantly t(15) = -6.07, p = .000 from Time 1 (M = 2.30, SD = 1.64) to Time 2 (M = 5.24, SD = 2.58). This demonstrated that while parental anxiety increased as measured by salivary cortisol, the children continued to make improvements. This may be the result of the multidisciplinary feeding program which encompassed a strong behavioral component and parent training. Even though the current results did not demonstrate a direct relationship between parental stress and caloric intake, parental stress as measured by salivary cortisol did increase.
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Rodrigues, Bartholomew. "Catholic ethical issues in medically assisted nutrition and hydration for patients in persistent vegetative state (PVS)." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.
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Bernal, Acosta Ramiro. "Artificial alimentation of bees using natural juices during the dry season." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1999. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5333.
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In the community of Tunshi San Nicols of the Licto parish in the Province of Chimborazo, an evaluation was done on the effect of an energetic supplementary feeding of bees (Italian-mestizas) during the dry season (September 23 to February 20). These supplements consisted of carrot juice (T1), orange juice (T2) and sugar cane juice (T3). These supplements were also compared to a control group (T0). The experimental units consisted of 16 standard beehives distributed randomly with the 4 treatments and 4 repetitions of each treatment. The results showed that sugar cane juice (T3) obtained the best results in the consumption of the supplementary feeding because it was the only treatment where its consumption increased as the nectar sources in the zone decreased. At the end of the evaluation, 17,312.50 ml. of sugar cane juice were consumed. On the other hand, only 1,486.25 ml. of carrot juice were consumed, which was the least amount out of all of the treatments. Similarly, sugar cane juice presented the least weight loss, with 1.050 kg. per beehive. In addition, sugar cane juice also presented the greatest number of breeding frames (6.950 frames per beehive), as well as the best benefit/cost index (1.15) at the end of the study.
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Muwalo, Blessings Gandalale Chale. "Risk factors for malnutrition in children aged 0 to 5 Years in Lilongwe district, Malawi." University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4273.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThe Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) in 2007 indicated that the prevalence of underweight in Lilongwe District was 29%, stunting was 49% and Global Acute Malnutrition was 11%. The aim of the study therefore was to determine the risk factors for malnutrition amongst children aged 0 to 5 years in Lilongwe district in Malawi. Study design It was a case-control study, conducted in randomly selected Community Therapeutic Care (CTC) Sites (Nutrition Rehabilitation Units (NRUs)) and Under-five Clinics at health facilities of the district. The study sample was comprised of 50 underweightfor- age children (25 girls and 25 boys) aged 0 to 5 years from NRUs of the district selected randomly. The controls were comprised of 44 normal weight-for-age children (22 girls and 22 boys) randomly selected within the same age group, routinely attending under-five growth monitoring and immunization sessions during the same period as the cases. The cases and controls were identified using the NRU and under-five clinic registers respectively. Data Collection There was a face to face interview with the mother/guardians of the children, conducted by trained NRU nurse specialists, the researcher and a research assistant, using a structured questionnaire. Questions about socio-economic status of the mother/caregiver, child feeding practices, nutritional status and diseases of the child were asked. Analysis of results Data was analyzed using EpiInfo 2002 software. Ethical approval for the study was requested from the Ethical committee of the University of the Western Cape. Informed written consent was obtained from all the participants.
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Huxham, Leanie. "Feeding problems and current dietary practices in children with autism spectrum disorder in England." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20190.
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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Objectives: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are known to have feeding difficulties. This study gathered information from parents/caregivers with children diagnosed with ASD. The following aspects were investigated: early feeding history, food preferences, sensory issues, current dietary practices and the use of nutritional supplements and special diets. The study also gathered information regarding these families’ experience with dietitians in supporting them with advice related to dietary problems. Methodology: An online questionnaire was used and the link to the study was placed on the National Autistic Society (NAS) of the United Kingdom’s website to recruit participants. Parents/ caregivers of children aged between 3-16 years and diagnosed with ASD, who resided in England, could take part in the study. Results: Three hundred and twenty five parents/ caregivers participated in the study. The mean age of children was 9.5 years. The majority of children were male (85%). The most common feeding problem was the transition from stage 1 weaning foods to more textured food (55.6%). Sensory problems played a large role in food acceptance. Clear preferences were made for crunchy (81.5%) or dry foods (79%), followed by food with a smooth consistency (69.8%) such as yogurt. Food appearance and presentation (64%) was the main determinant of food acceptance and specific brands and packaging played a major role. Habitual food intake and continually choosing the same foods for meals were present in the majority of children (75.6%). Specific preference was given to the following foods: starchy vegetables (62.6%), refined carbohydrates (81%), processed meat products (69.2%) and dairy products (68.6%). The use of ‘special’ and exclusion diets were not popular. However, where specifically gluten and/ or casein were excluded (19%, n=55), it was generally excluded for more than one year. Reported observations with these exclusions were: improvement in bowel habits, sleep, concentration, behaviour and social communication. The use of nutritional supplements were significantly higher (p<0.5) where exclusion diets were used. A large number of children (43.4%, n=23) on exclusion diets, have not been consulted by a dietitian. Most parents /caregivers (58.1%) had the perception that dietitians were lacking knowledge of ASD and had inadequate knowledge of current dietary interventions for children with ASD (61.7%). However, parents felt that it was reassuring to consult a dietitian, that practical advice was given to improve dietary intake and that generally it reduced their concern regarding their child’s dietary intake. Conclusion: The study highlights the complexity of ASD and the variable effect it has on eating, behaviour and dietary intake. The use of the gluten and casein free (GFCF) diet may improve general wellbeing in some children with ASD when used appropriately and warrants further investigation. It is concerning that only a minority of children on exclusion diets are consulted by dietitians to ensure nutritional adequacy. Due to the complexity of ASD and in the absence of clear guidance for dietary interventions, dietitians who work with children with ASD need to be supported by continued training opportunities in order to enhance their competencies and optimise their service delivery.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelwitte: Kinders wat aan Outismespektrum-steuring (OSS) lei is geneig om voedingsprobleme te hê. Die studie het inligting ingesamel van ouers en versorgers met kinders wat met OSS gediagnoseer is. Die volgende aspekte is ondersoek: vroeë voedingsgeskiedenis, voedsel voorkeure, sensoriese probleme, huidige eetgewoontes en die gebruik van nutriëntaanvullings en spesiale diëte. Die studie het ook inligting ingesamel aangaande gesinne se ondervinding met dieetkundiges en ondersteuning met dieetprobleme. Metodologie: ‘n Elektroniese vraellys is gebruik en die skakel na die studie was op die webwerf van die National Autistic Society (NAS) van die Verenigde Koninkryk geplaas om deelnemers te werf. Ouers/ versorgers van kinders tussen die ouderdomme van 3-16 jaar, met ‘n diagnose van OSS en woonagtig in Engeland, kon deelneem aan die studie. Resultate: Drie honderd vyf en twintig ouers/ versorgers het deelgeneem aan die studie. Die gemiddelde ouderdom van die kinders was 9.5 jaar en 85% was manlik. Die mees algemene voedingsprobleem vir kinders met OSS was die oorgangsfase van gladde speningsvoedsel na growwer voedsel (55.6%). Sensoriese probleme het ‘n groot rol gespeel in voedselaanvaarding. Daar was duidelike voorkeure vir bros (81.5%) en droë voedsel (79%), gevolg deur voedsel met ‘n gladde tekstuur soos jogurt (69.8%). Die voorkoms en aanbieding van voedsel het grootliks bepaal of voedsel aanvaarbaar (64%) is. Spesifieke handelsmerke of verpakkings het ‘n groot rol gespeel (64.7%). Die meeste van die kinders (75.6%) het vaste eetgewoontes gehad en dieselfde kos tydens maaltye gekies. Die volgende voedselsoorte was verkies: styselryke groente (62.6%), verfynde koolhidrate (81%), geprosesseerde vleis produkte (69.2%) en suiwel produkte (68.6%). Die gebruik van spesiale en uitsluitingsdiëte was ongewild. Waar gluten- en kaseïen-uitsluitingsdiëte (19%, n=55) gebruik is, is dit meestal vir langer as een jaar gebruik. Met die gebruik van uitsluitingsdiëte is verbeteringe waargeneem in stoelgang gewoontes, slaap, konsentrasie, gedrag en sosiale kommunikasie. Die gebruik van nutriëntsupplemente was beduidend hoër (p<0.5) in die groep waar uitsluitingsdiëte gebruik is. ‘n Hoë persentasie kinders (43.4%, n=23) wat op uitsluitingsdiëte was, is nie deur dieetkundiges gekonsulteer nie. Die meeste ouers /versorgers (58.1%) het gevoel dat dieetkundiges gebrekkige kennis oor OSS en dieetverwante probleme het, asook onvoldoende kennis van huidige dieet intervensies vir kinders met OSS (61.7%). Ouers het wel gevoel dat dit gerusstellend was om dieetkundiges te gaan spreek vir praktiese raad om dieet inname te verbeter. Dit het ook hul kommer veminder aangaande kinders se diëte. Gevolgtrekking: Die studie benadruk die kompleksiteit van OSS en die wisselende effek wat dit op eetgewoontes, gedrag en voedsel inname het. Die gebruik van die gluten- en kaseïenvrye diëte kan moontlik die gesondheid en welsyn van sommige kinders met outisme verbeter mits dit reg gebruik word, maar vereis verdere navorsing. Dit was kommerwekkend dat ‘n minderheid van die kinders op uitsluitingsdiëte deur dieetkundiges gekonsulteer word om voldoende nutriëntinname te verseker. Aangesien OSS ‘n komplekse toestand is en daar ‘n gebrek is aan duidelike riglyne vir dieet intervensies, word dit aanbeveel dat dieetkundiges wat met kinders met OSS werk ondersteun word deur opleidingsgeleenthede om hul vaardighede te verbeter en dienslewering te optimaliseer.
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Tutton, Tom. "An investigation of the type of feeding behaviour problems in children diagnosed with autism." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273746.
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Holt, Karen Margaret. "Exploring information sharing with families making decisions about gastrostomy feeding for children with neurodisabilities." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3952.
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Feeding difficulties are common in children with neurodisabilities. If children have problems safely swallowing adequate food or fluid, gastrostomy (GT) feeding via a tube through the abdominal wall may be offered to augment or replace oral feeding. Systematic reviews have indicated that the risks and benefits of the procedure in this patient group are unclear. Prior retrospective research has highlighted how for mothers, uncertainty about this procedure can result in decisional stress and conflict, leading to delays in GT placement. By contrast, high levels of maternal satisfaction with the GT tube have been identified once it has been placed. The perceptions and experiences of other stakeholders taking part in the decision-making process, most notably fathers, has not yet been explored. This study aimed to investigate GT decision-making experiences for families with children with neurodisabilities. The first arm of the study is retrospective and uses an Interpretative Description to explore the perspectives of 26 family members and seven healthcare professionals involved in making decisions about GT placement. This is reinforced by two short interviews with children with neurodisabilities who had the decision made about them. In the second arm of the project, a longitudinal study was completed with one family, including analysis of the clinical encounters where the family actively discuss GT placement with their clinical team. Four key themes have been identified: maternal embodiment, the pleasure and commensality of food and drink, feeding as care, and normalisation and stigma. Key differences in the views of mothers, fathers and other stakeholders emerged around these themes. This research also demonstrates how GT decision-making needs to be understood as a distributed process across time and place. Clinical encounters require delicate interactional work. They should provide the interactional space to allow stakeholders the opportunity to participate in the processes of information sharing, evaluation of risks and benefits, and decision-making around feeding method.
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Kasparian, Michelle Marie. "Authoritative Mothers Exhibit More Permissive Feeding Practices Eating Away from Home with their Children." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43469.
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Eating away from home has been identified as one possible contributor to childhood obesity, with links to poor diet quality and higher weight status due to dietary quality of meals at restaurants and consumersâ attitudes. Parenting style has been associated with childrenâ s weight status and overall attitudes toward food, with authoritative parenting being shown to help protect against childhood obesity. The current study aimed to compare and contrast parenting and feeding practices at home and in the restaurant. Twenty-five mothers with children, ages five to eight, who ate at restaurants at least two times per week participated in facilitated, individual interviews. Interviews topics included: parenting, child input in choosing restaurants and restaurant meal selection, and food rules and practices at restaurants versus at home. Socio-demographic information, parenting style, and the mothersâ heights and weights were gathered, with descriptive statistics computed. Interview data were transcribed, then thematically coded using NVivo software. All mothers scored highest on authoritative parenting styles. Participating mothers were Caucasian, well-educated, with above-average family incomes. Mothers had an average of 2.2 children and a BMI of 27.9 kg/m2. Mothers described more stringent behavioral expectations and more permissive food rules at restaurants. Parents had greater influence in determining whether to eat away from home and where, whereas children had greater responsibility for meal selections at restaurants. The results suggest that practices may differ at restaurants than at home, highlighting the importance of further research, along with educational and behavioral strategies directed toward mothers when eating away from home.Master of Science
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Ayoughi, Farnoosh. "Parental Perspective and Feeding Practices Effects on Food Neophobia in Elementary-Age School Children." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1991.
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The Food neophobia (FN) behaviors in children are developed during childhood and can be influenced by parental FN and feeding behaviors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between FN and fruit and vegetable neophobia (FVN) among parents, the parents-reports on child's behavior and child self-reports. The effect of parental feeding practices and demographic variables on children’s FN and FVN were evaluated. Sixty-eight parents paired with their elementary school children (aged 7-12 years) in San Luis Coastal Unified School District participated in this study. Results indicated that parents reported their children more neophobic than children self-reported neophobia; however, there was a significant association between parents-reported child FN and child self-reported FN (r=0.62, p<0.05). FVN behaviors were positively and consistently correlated with FN in both parents and children. Parents with the highest income levels used less restriction for weight and child control strategies to feed their children (p<0.05). More pressure to eat was applied significantly for younger children, which increased their levels of food and FVN as reported by parents.
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Verma, Shefalee. "Effects of fluoridated milk on artificial enamel carious lesions." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41758201.
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Sargent, Nancy. "Length of WIC participation and parental knowledge about child feeding practices." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845970.
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Because children eat better when their parents use appropriate feeding practices, this study examined WIC participation and parental knowledge about child feeding practices. A Child Feeding Questionnaire was developed to evaluate parental knowledge about these feeding practices. The questions evaluated parents' knowledge about their responsibilities and the responsibilities of their children in feeding situations, the role of parental modeling when eating, appropriate snack habits, management of dislikes/picky eating, and the use of coercive feeding practices. The directors of four WIC clinics, with clients of differing sociodemographic status, agreed to participate in the study. The questionnaire was tested with and revised following work with clients in two of the four WIC clinics. The questionnaire was then administered to 403 parents during WIC certification visits. Cronbach Alpha reliability measures indicated that the reliability of the instrument was low. Therefore, no real conclusions could be drawn from the results. However, the data analyses did suggest some possible findings that would need additional study to verify their existance. ANOVA measures indicated that increased length of WIC participation was not associated with an increase in the total number of correct responses. Parental responds suggested that the majority of respondents understood the responsibility of parents for deciding what foods to offer (88.3), and when to offer food (71.7 %), the importance of healthy snacks in the diet of children (79.4 %), the need to set a good parental example with eating (92.6 %), and the importance of exposing children to foods that the children dislike (80.1%). However, one-third of the parents did not agree or know that children should be resonsible for deciding how much to eat when foods are being offered. In addition, the majority of parents (68.7 %) indicated that it was acceptable to substitute a food for one that is disliked by children. With respect to the use of coercive feeding strategies to get children to eat, parental responses reflected that many parents (46.7 %) did not feel that the use of rewards to get children to eat was not advisable. Based on the researcher's professional knowledge that WIC staff generally provide only nutrition information related to immediate problems, it was recommended that WIC staff members who provide nutrition education might serve the participants better if the education that they provided was directed at broader nutrition issues that parents face in guiding their children to eat well. Perhaps this education will indirectly alleviate immediate nutritional needs of the individual child and prevent the occurance of other nutrition problems. This would require additional study for verification.Department of Home Economics