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1
Al-Otaibi, Meshan Mohammad. "Artificial groundwater recharge in Kuwait : planning and management." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3581.
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Storing freshwater in brackish aquifers using artificial recharge has been predicted (using a rigorous numerical modelling technique) to be a very beneficial water management alternative for Kuwait. Two possible practices of freshwater injection and recovery have been identified. First, through a seasonal cycle, desalination plants can operate at their optimum capacity all over the year irrespective of seasonal fluctuations in water demand, and also the aquifer yield can be increased at the same time. The optimum location for this storage is suggested to be the Shigaya-B well field, mainly because of the high specific injection rates of the injection wells, and its location in a highly depleted area. The other benefit of artificial recharge to Kuwait is using the aquifer as a long-term strategic reserve for freshwater to be used later during the emergency conditions. The Shigaya-A wellfield is suggested to be the optimum site for this storage, mainly because of the high freshwater recovery efficiency, and the sufficient depth of aquifer head allowing additional build-up inside the injection wells due to well face clogging. Using a sub-regional numerical model, the optimum management variables required to inject and recover freshwater at the two types of storages have been identified, including; number and geometry of injection/recovery wells, their injection/recovery rates, and the duration of injection necessary to recover the intended quantity and quality of freshwater. Also, the recovery efficiency of freshwater storage and recovery practice has been estimated. From an analysis of freshwater injection-withdrawals field experimental data (for a single well, SU-IO), using a single-well numerical model, it was possible to quantify the clogging factor, and differentiate between its different causes. It has been found that most of the clogging occurred due to air entrapment, and not due to the formation or recharge water properties. This means that clogging during this experiment is due to a fault in the injection system, and that well injection capacity is likely to be higher if this avoided. Further modelling was implemented to devise methods for minimising displacement and quality deterioration of the artificially-recharged freshwater mound, by the regional groundwater flow, if it is stored for a long time. The preferred methods involve operation of "hydraulic gradient-control" pumping wells outside the storage area to create a zone of zero hydraulic gradient ( stagnation zone) around the stored water mound. A management model using the response matrix approach was implemented to determine the optimum pumping rates of these wells necessary to produce the intended hydraulic gradient. By the time all the usable stored water is irrecoverable without these controls (after 4 years), it was possible using this technique to recover about 55 % of this water.
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Pérez, Paricio Alfredo. "Integrated modelling of clogging processes in artificial groundwater recharge." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6214.
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La Recàrrega Artificial d'aqüífers és una tècnica extremadamente poderosa per optimitzar la gestió dels recursos hídrics. De cara a eliminar actituds escèptiques respecte a la seva aplicabilitat en nombroses situacions, és essencial adquirir més coneixements sobre els conceptes quantitatius més importants. Un tema crític és el de la minimització de la colmatació en dispositius de recàrrega. Atesa la extraòrdinaria importància d'aquest problema, es va efectuar una intensa recerca bibliogràfica que permetés determinar els processos bàsics que tenen lloc en la colmatació de plantes de recàrrega. Això, juntament amb la informació de tipus tecnológic subministrada per gestors de plantes de recàrrega, ha permès proposar un model matemàtic conceptual que integra els processos principals: retenció de partícules en suspensió portades per l'aigua de recàrrega, precipitació de minerals, creixement bacterià, generació de gas y compactació. Amb l'ajuda dels codis ja existents, l'esmentat model fou posteriorment incorporat a un programa d'elements finits tridimensionals que és capaç de tractar els cinc processos citats. El programa ha estat aplicat a tres casos de laboratori i a un experiment de camp amb el fi d'establir la validesa del marc conceptual adoptat.Aquesta tesi descriu els aspectes principals del model, els seus fonaments teòrics, la implementació numèrica i l'aplicació als exemples citats. La varietat de condicions simulades i els resultats aconseguits confirmen que el programa pot reproduir de forma satisfactòria una ampli ventall de problemes de colmatació, entre les quals s'inclouen sistemes superficials (bassas) i profunds (pous), flux radial i vertical, transport reactiu multicomponent, i d'altres. Això demostra la utilitat del programa per integrar dades de naturalesa completament diferente. A pesar de les limitacions inherents a tota formulació matemàtica, la modelació integrada proporciona estimacions quantitatives del potencial colmatant. Consegüentment, pot ser considerada com a una eina bàsica per al disseny i gestió de plantes de recàrrega i, eventualment, amb un fi predictiu.
La Recarga Artificial de acuíferos es una técnica extremadamente poderosa para optimizar la gestión de los recursos hídricos. De cara a eliminar actitudes escépticas respecto a su aplicabilidad en numerosas situaciones, es esencial adquirir más conocimientos sobre los conceptos cuantitativos más importantes. Un tema crítico es el de la minimización de la colmatación en dispositivos de recarga. Dada la extraordinaria importancia de este problema, se efectuó una intensa búsqueda bibliográfica que permitiera determinar los procesos básicos que tienen lugar en la colmatación de plantas de recarga. Esto, junto con la información de tipo tecnológico suministrada por gestores de plantas de recarga, ha permitido proponer un modelo matemático conceptual que integra los procesos principales: retención de partículas en suspensión en el agua de recarga, precipitación de minerales, crecimiento bacteriano, generación de gas y compactación. Con la ayuda de códigos ya existentes, dicho modelo fue posteriormente incorporado en un programa de elementos finitos tridimensional que es capaz de tratar los cinco procesos citados. El programa ha sido aplicado a tres casos de laboratorio y a un experimento de campo con el fin de establecer la validez del marco conceptual adoptado.
Esta tesis describe los aspectos principales del modelo, sus fundamentos teóricos, la implementación numérica y la aplicación a los ejemplos citados. La variedad de condiciones simuladas y los resultados logrados confirman que el programa puede reproducir de forma satisfactoria una amplia gama de problemas de colmatación, entre las que se incluyen sistemas superficiales (balsas) y profundos (pozos), flujo radial y vertical, transporte reactivo multicomponente, y otros. Esto demuestra la utilidad del programa para integrar datos de naturaleza completamente diferente. A pesar de las limitaciones inherentes a toda formulación matemática, la modelación integrada proporciona estimaciones cuantitativas del potencial colmatante. Por consiguiente, puede ser considerada como una herramienta básica de cara al diseño y gestión de plantas de recarga y, eventualmente, de cara a la predicción.
Artificial Recharge of groundwater is an extremely powerful technique to optimise the management of water resources. In order to eliminate sceptical misconceptions concerning its applicability to numerous situations, it is essential to gain insight into the fundamental quantitative concepts. A critical point is the minimisation of clogging of the recharge device. Given the extraordinary importance of this problem, an intensive bibliographic research was conducted to determine the basic processes underlying the clogging of recharge plants. This, in combination with technological information supplied by Artificial Recharge operators, allowed to propose a conceptual mathematical model that could integrate the main processes. Attachment of suspended solids carried by recharge water, mineral precipitation, bacterial growth, gas binding and compaction of the upper soil layer were found to be determinant in clogging development. Based on existing investigation codes, such model was implemented into a three-dimensional finite element code that is able to cope with the referred mechanisms. The code was applied to three laboratory cases and to one field experiment in order to assess the validity of the adopted framework.
This thesis includes the main concepts of the model, its theoretical background, numerical implementation and the application to the referred cases. The variety of simulated conditions and the results achieved with the model confirm that the code can reproduce successfully a wide range of clogging problems, including surface (basins) and deep (wells) systems, vertical and radial flow, multiphase transport and other options. This demonstrates the usefulness of the code to integrate data which are completely different in nature. In spite of the limitations inherent to all mathematical formulations, integrated modelling provides quantitative estimates of the clogging potential. Consequently, can be considered as a basic tool for design and management of recharge plants, and, eventually, for predictive purposes.
3
Miller, Cynthia Jean 1961. "Impact of artificial recharge on Tucson area groundwater quality." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278038.
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Results of chemical analyses revealed elevated levels of organic surrogate parameters which included dissolved organic carbon, trihalomethanes, total organic halides, and UV absorbance in Tucson groundwater impacted by artificial recharge activity. Inorganic parameters associated with recharge water were also elevated in Tucson groundwater impacted by artificial recharge. The mobility of organochlorine during deep well injection of chlorinated Colorado River Water into the Las Vegas Valley aquifer was also investigated. The Las Vegas Valley aquifer was found to have little sorptive capacity for organo-chlorine.
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Saunders, Robert J. "Artificial Recharge of Groundwater as a Water Management Option for Eastern Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SaundersRJ2001.pdf.
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Herndon, Roy Lee. "Hydrogeology of Butler Valley, Arizona an artificial recharge and ground-water storage prefeasibility study /." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1985_316_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Abe, Joseph M. "Economic analysis of artificial recharge and recovery of water in Butler Valley, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1986_2_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Peksezer, Ayse. "Artificial Recharge Of Groundwater In Kucuk Menderes River Basin, Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611754/index.pdf.
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Küç
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k Menderes River Basin located in western Turkey has been facing continuous groundwater level decreases for the past 30 years. In dry periods, irrigation demand is completely met by pumping from groundwater system, which reduces water levels significantly. This provides enough storage to be recharged in wet seasons when streams are running. However, increased runoff in wet season are not utilized neither for irrigation nor for recharge and lost to the Aegean Sea without being infiltrated. Hence, surface artificial recharge methods can be useful to collect excess water in recharge basins, thus allowing infiltration to increase groundwater storage in wet seasons to be later utilized in dry seasons. A 2-D groundwater model is set up by using SEEP/W software. The material functions and parameters used in the model for saturated/ unsaturated conditions are taken from previous studies. Calibration was done to check the accuracy of input data and to control the validity of model. The amount of excess water that will be collected in recharge basins was estimated from flood frequency analysis. Concerning different probabilities, different scenarios were simulated to observe the increase in groundwater levels. Simulation results suggest that significant increase in groundwater storage could be achieved by applying artificial recharge methods. In addition to recharge basins, to reinforce the effect of artificial recharge, simulations were repeated with the addition of an underground dam at downstream side of the basin. Simulation results indicate that the increase in groundwater storage is not sufficient to warrant construction of the underground dam.
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Murray, Alexander J. "Modeling Artificial Groundwater Recharge in the Santa Rosa Creek Watershed." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2140.
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The Santa Rosa Creek Watershed is an approximately 48 mi2 large watershed located on the central coast of California. This watershed drains to the Pacific Ocean through Santa Rosa Creek as it passes through agricultural land and the town of Cambria. Historically the groundwater within the Santa Rosa Creek Watershed has been used for irrigation, municipal and domestic uses, and the creek is critical habitat steelhead trout. During dry years, there is less water for all uses. When low groundwater levels occur, water can be drawn out of the creek and into the soil, drying out steelhead habitat. Seven agricultural operators within the Santa Rosa Creek Watershed are working with a local non-profit to improve sustainability of the aquifer through artificial groundwater recharge. One of these projects includes the use of a recharge basin. This study was conducted to understand the impacts of that recharge basin on the groundwater surrounding it as well as to evaluate the site’s potential for other recharge methods. The groundwater within the site of interest was modeled using GMS to calculate head values, to determine flow directions, and to determine timings. Three different hydrogeologic layers were used to simulate an upper unconfined zone, a clay confining layer, and a confined zone. The model was calibrated to known groundwater head values throughout the site. ArcMap was used to organize and preprocess data that went into the GMS model. Elevation, hydrologic soil characteristics, boundary heads, recharge rates, evapotranspiration rates, and well locations and pumping rates datasets were all preprocessed and imported into GMS. The model showed that the water from the recharge basin does not percolate into the underlying groundwater aquifer, but it flows out of the upper unconfined layer and into the creek over time. This is caused primarily by a low hydrologic conductivity confined aquifer in the northern section of the site as well as a confining clay layer underneath the unconfined top layer. According to the model, the site may not be feasible for artificial groundwater recharge in the northern portion, but there is potential for recharge in the southern area. Further data collection could improve the model to support or dispute these findings.
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Kimblin, Richard Thomas. "Groundwater-sediment reactions in the North London aquifer system, with specific reference to artificial groundwater recharge." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315876.
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Zimmerlund, Benjamin Wayne, and Benjamin Wayne Zimmerlund. "Vadose zone characterization pertaining to artificial groundwater recharge, Southern Avra Valley, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626931.
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The City of Tucson plans to construct a groundwater recharge and recovery
facility in southern Avra Valley to infiltrate Central Arizona Project (CAP) water. The
Southern Avra Valley Recharge and Recovery Project (SA VSARP) will initially recharge
up to 60,000 acre-feet of CAP water per year. Characterization of the vadose zone is
important in understanding the behavior of recharged water. Using grain-size distribution
data from well cuttings, three lithologic units are defined and a 2-D vertical cross-section
is developed in the area of predominant recharge. Soil samples representing each defined
lithologic unit are laboratory tested for saturated and unsaturated flow parameters. Soil
moisture retention data is fit to the van Genuchten equation to obtain unsaturated flow
model parameters. A 1-D unsaturated flow model is developed using VSAFT2 to
simulate infiltration of CAP water through the vadose zone.
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Wu, Yong. "Groundwater recharge estimation in Table Mountain Group aquifer systems with a case study of Kammanassie area." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The focus of this study was on recharge mechanisms and recharge estimation within the Table Mountain Group area. The study evaluated recharge processes and recharge estimation methods in the Table Mountain Group aquifer systems.
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Dadakis, Jason Sophocles. "Isotopic and geochemical characterization of recharge and salinity in a shallow floodplain aquifer near El Paso, Texas." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2004. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_2004_039_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Murphy, David. "Predicting Effects of Artificial Recharge using Groundwater Flow and Transport Models with First Order Uncertainty Analysis." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0122_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Reed, Deborah A. "Spatial and temporal biogeochemical changes of groundwater associated with managed aquifer recharge in two different geographical areas /." Connect to this title, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0074.
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Kasper, Joshua W. "Simulated ground-water flow at the Fairmount Site, Sussex County, Delaware (USA), with implications for nitrate transport." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 145 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=1253509881&Fmt=7&clientId=79356&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Frycklund, Cristina. "Artificial recharge of groundwater for public water supply : potential and limitations in boreal conditions /." Stockholm, 1998. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs98/fryc0605.pdf.
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Bergström, Maria. "Artificial groundwater recharge in wetlands: pre modelling for a pilot study in Forsmark, Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171840.
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The Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, SKB, is planning to construct a deep geological repository for spent nuclear fuel in Forsmark, Sweden. Leakage of groundwater into the repository during the construction and operational phases might cause a groundwater drawdown that in turn may affect the hydrological conditions in sensitive habitats in the area. The sensitive habitats in question are wetlands, home to several protected species. SKB has planned to take mitigation measures in the case variations of the surface-water elevation are identified for the concerned wetlands. The mitigations measures consists in infiltrating water in the ground in the direct vicinity to the wetland to create a higher groundwater pressure that then will propagate to the surface-water. This study describes the modelling of a pilot-study of such a measure and aims at serving as one of the background materials for the planning and design of the pilot study. The aims of the pilot study are to show that the surface-water level in a wetland can be controlled and to gain knowledge and experiences regarding artificial groundwater recharge for this purpose. The pilot study would take place before the construction of the repository so the undisturbed case is considered. The results show that an infiltration facility can control the surface-water level in a wetland. It is also shown that an infiltration rate of 0.5 L/s is enough to manipulate the surface-water level in the undisturbed condition.
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Maxfield, Sandra Leigh 1956. "Design of wellfield and recharge operations in forebay area of San Bernardino basin, California." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277994.
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East Valley Water District is located in San Bernardino, California which is approximately 50 miles east of Los Angeles. In order to meet future water demands, East Valley Water District plans to increase recharge activities in the forebay area of the San Bernardino groundwater basin and expand wellfield operations immediately downgradient. Three possible recharge and wellfield designs were under consideration with annual recharge rates increasing 10,000 to 20,000 acre-feet/year in the Santa Ana spreading basins. Approximately four to five new production wells pumping an equal quantity of groundwater have been proposed. A two-dimensional finite element groundwater flow model was constructed and calibrated to reproduce historical water level data for the year 1945. They calibrated model was applied to simulate the hydrologic effects of each of the three designs over a ten-year period.
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Sun, Xianfeng. "A water balance approach to groundwater recharge estimation in Montagu area of the Western Klein Karoo." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_4142_1178702615.
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This aim of this study was to improve the understanding and functioning of the Table Mountain Group aquifer system and contribute to the sustainable development of this potential source for water supply in the Montagu area.
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Kennedy, Jeffrey R. "Understanding Infiltration and Groundwater Flow at an Artificial Recharge Facility using Time-lapse Gravity Data." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605117.
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Groundwater provides a fundamental resource for modern life. Throughout the world, groundwater is managed by storing (recharging) it underground in natural aquifers for future withdrawal and consumptive use. In Arizona, over 4 million people benefit from managed aquifer storage, but little effort is made to track the movement of recharged water through the subsurface. Motivated by current limitations in our ability to monitor percolation and groundwater movement at the scale of a recharge facility, an effort to collect time-lapse gravity data was carried out at the Southern Avra Valley Storage and Recovery Project (SAVSARP) operated by the City of Tucson, Arizona. In addition to collecting water-level data 12 wells, there were three primary gravity experiments: (1) five continuously-recording gravity meters (2 iGrav superconducting gravity meters and 3 gPhone gravity meters) were installed semi-permanently in control buildings adjacent to the recharge basins, (2) absolute gravity measurements were made at nine locations over a 17 month period, and (3) three relative-gravity campaigns were carried out on a network of 70 stations. This large-scale controlled experiment, with known infiltration and pumping rates, resulted in one of the most comprehensive datasets of its kind. Gravity data led to several hydrologic insights, both through direct measurement and modeling. First, the infiltration rate could be estimated accurately based on the initial rate of gravity change during infiltration, regardless of the specific yield. Using two gravity meters, the depth, and therefore speed, of the wetting front beneath a recharge basin was observed, including the time at which the water table was reached. Spatial maps of gravity change from relative gravity surveys show areas where infiltration efficiency is highest, and where groundwater accumulates; storage accumulated preferentially to the west of the recharge basins, away from pumping wells. Such information would be valuable for planning the location of pumping wells at a new facility. Gravity data were useful for calibration of a Modflow-NWT groundwater-flow model using the Unsaturated Zone Flow package to simulate recharge; the reduction in the posterior parameter distribution compared to the a priori estimate was substantial and similar to head data. In contrast to model-simulated head data, model-simulated gravity data were less sensitive to more distant model elements and more effective for calibration of a superposition-type model. Observed head data had a strong regional signal reflecting basin-scale conditions with only minor variation associated with individual recharge basins, and were therefore of limited usefulness for model calibration. Together, the methods developed by the study and interpretations they made possible suggest that gravity data are an effective way to better understand large-scale infiltration and groundwater movement.
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Juhna, Talis. "Sorption of humic substances and microbial activity in the course of artificial recharge of groundwater." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17644.
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Sorption of humic subtances and metal-humate complexes on aquifer material taken from basins used for artificial recharge of groundwater was studied in batch scale experiments. Distribution of bacteria attached to the material from uppermost layer and from the horizons below the infiltration basin were measured in the field studies. Sorption of aquifer material was heterogeneous in respect to the different position and depth in the infiltration basin. Sorption depended on the numerous factors including composition of the filter sand and properties of humic matter. The heavy metals retarded during artificial groundwater recharge was in the form of metal-humate complexes, dominantly in anionic form or as particulate matter. Sorption of humic substances on the aquifer material was substantially enhanced due to the forming of complexes with heavy metals. Total bacterial number was greatest on the upper most layer of infiltration basin. Slight decreases of bacterial number was observed down to the depth of two meters. There were no significant differences in ratio among major physiological groups of heterotrophic bacteria between layer investigated. The smallest seasonal variation of bacteria was found in the deeper layer below infiltration basin.Godkänd; 1999; 20070403 (ysko)
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Matengu, Brian Munihango. "Groundwater assessment and sustainable management of the coastal alluvial aquifers in Namib Desert, Namibia: Omdel Aquifer as case study." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7852.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe study addressed the groundwater assessment and sustainable management of the coastal alluvial aquifers in Namib Desert, the Omaruru River Delta Aquifer (Omdel Aquifer) was used as a case study. Sustainable utilization of groundwater in parts of hyper-arid Sub-Saharan Africa, like the Namib Desert, is always a challenge due to lack of resources and data. Understanding of hydrogeological characteristics of the Omaruru Delta Aquifer System is a pre-requisite for the management of groundwater supply in the Central Namib area (Namib Desert). For the Omdel Aquifer in the Omaruru catchment, Namibia, issues to investigate include the lack of information on the geology and hydrogeological setting, the hydraulic properties and geometry of the aquifer at the inflow and outflow sections, groundwater recharge conditions upstream of the aquifer, and the impact of artificial recharge.
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Cluff, C. Brent. "El Obeid Water Supply/Water Harvesting Potential in Western Sudan: Report to Western Sudan Agricultural Research Project, Washington State University, College of Agriculture & Home Economics." Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/308906.
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Introduction: A trip was taken from July 3 to July 17, 1985 to Sudan to study the El Obeid compartmented reservoir system. This system supplies most of the domestic water for the city of El Obeid which has a population of 200,000 to 250,000 people. This water supply was exhausted in March of 1985 and the town was out of water until the monsoon rains began July 2, 1985. Approximately one week was spent in El Obeid and Kadugli. The remainder of the time was spent in Khartoum where the IBM PC was used. Some time was also spent in Khartoum in obtaining flattened ceramic spheres for evaporation control.
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Nickall, Enéz Sarah-Leigh. "The feasibility of artificial recharge of the Bushmans River Mouth Aquifer." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/704.
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The main aim of the project is to investigate the feasibility of artificial recharge of the Bushmans River Mouth Aquifer in the Eastern Cape. The suggested method of recharge is through natural infiltration through a series of wetlands in the back dune area. The proposed site was the Klipfontein Vlei which is located just north of the Bushmans River Mouth. Artificial recharge is defined as augmenting the natural movement of surface water into underground formations by some method of construction, the spreading of water, or by artificially changing natural conditions. A variety of methods have been developed, including water spreading, recharging through pits and wells, and pumping to induce recharge from surface water bodies. The choice of a specific method is controlled by local topography, geology and soil conditions, and the quantity of water to be recharged and ultimate water usage. In special circumstances, land value, water quality, and climate play an important role. Artificial recharge is not a foreign concept to South Africa and this project is to test its feasibility in a back dune wetland area. Augering done in the study area revealed the dominance of sandy loam in the upper layers of the pans, loamy sand in the middle levels and the presence of some sand lenses in the lower reaches. Particle size analysis done by sieving and hydrometer test, showed a dominant 3f fraction. There was variation in modes in pan 1 from unimodal to bimodal to trimodal. Pan 2 showed no variation as all samples were unimodal and moderately well sorted. Infiltration tests were done by a double ring infiltrometer. These results showed that the infiltration rates of the pans became stable after 15 to 20 minutes, thus indicating that the soil had reached its saturation point. The resistivity surveys revealed a stepped water table. The inclination of the water is controlled by the predominately argillaceous horizons of the Bokkeveld Group. Based on the above results, it is recommended that the Klipfontein Vlei be used as an artificial recharge site.
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Perry, Jake Mendoza. "Evaluating Alternative Hydraulic Solutions to Limit Nutrient Contamination of an Aquifer in Southern California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/718.
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Many small communities depend on groundwater sources for drinking water and they often use septic tanks for their sewer system needs. However, nitrates and other pollutants from septic systems can percolate to the aquifers and deteriorate quality of the groundwater, threatening the public health. This study has developed a groundwater model using Visual MODFLOW for an aquifer that is used as a water supply source for the cities of Beaumont and Cherry Valley, California. Septic systems are the suspected major source of nitrate contamination of the aquifer. The model has been developed to clarify the extent of interactions between nitrate pollutants, infiltration and percolation from a recently established series of artificial recharge ponds, groundwater recharge from natural sources, and pumping activities to meet local water uses. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate alternative hydraulic solutions that would limit the movement of the contaminants and minimize the risk of affecting the pumping wells. The study attempts to identify the best way to recharge the aquifer and influence movement of the nitrates so that polluted waters may have lower nitrate concentrations in the future, rather than allowed to encroach on critical production wells or led away from production wells to become a problem for future generations or neighboring areas. The data needed to build the model, including geological logs, precipitation, evapotranspiration, well locations, pumping schedules, water levels, and nitrate concentrations have been obtained from the Beaumont Cherry Valley Water District. The model has been calibrated to simulate the observed groundwater levels and the extent of pollution corresponding to the historical pumping rates, recharge rates and climate. The calibrated model has been used to evaluate alternative hydraulic solutions that would either localize the nitrate pollution thus limiting the impact on public welfare, or remove the nitrate pollution for potential treatment and remediation on the surface. The study results show that increased pumping of production wells or strategic placement of additional artificial recharge may reduce the concentrations of nitrate in the Beaumont Basin.
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Goldowitz, Joshua 1959. "The chloride to bromide ratio as an environmental groundwater tracer, with a field study at the Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation and Drainage District." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277079.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if the chloride to bromide ratio (Cl/Br) of water imported via interbasin transfer can be used to trace the mixing of imported water with native ground water. Laboratory experiments and a chemical literature review indicate that chloride's and bromide's properties should make the Cl/Br a useful environmental ground-water tracer. This study has shown that the Cl/Br can be accurately quantified at environmental levels, is not attenuated by aquifer or soil media, is chemically stable, and is present in different levels in waters from different sources. Infiltration and mixing of irrigation water from the Colorado River (Cl/Br = 1300) with native ground water (Cl/Br = 630) was investigated at the Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation and Drainage District near Yuma, Arizona. The downgradient increase in the Cl/Br is correlated with distance from the upgradient limit of irrigation (r =.83), reflecting the chemical influence of infiltrating irrigation water.
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Bandeen, Reid Francis 1957. "Simulations of dry well recharge in the Tucson Basin, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276654.
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The variably saturated flow model Unsat 2 was used for three case study simulations of dry well recharge in the Tucson Basin, Arizona. Dry well design, and rainfall/runoff and vadose zone conditions representative of the locality were assumed in the simulations to address travel time to the regional aquifer, rates and extent of radial flow, and relative degree of solute attenuation by sorption and dilution with regional groundwater. Soil specific surface was used to estimate relative degree of sorption among the three cases. One case of uniform soil composition and two cases of layered soil composition were simulated. Clay content had the greatest influence on specific surface. Hydraulic conductivity had the greatest influence on soil water velocities and degree of radial flow. The presence of layered subsurface conditions that included strata of low hydraulic conductivity enhanced the degree of subsurface solute attenuation by sorption and dilution.
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Vandemoer, Catherine 1955. "The hydrogeochemistry of recharge processes and implications for water management in the southwestern United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191146.
Full textAbstract:
A geochemical approach to the evaluation of the chemistry of natural recharge processes in the Tucson basin was used to identify the major minerals controlling the evolution of ground water chemistry and to assess the viability of recharging imported Central Arizona Project water supplies. Well cuttings analyses and water quality samples from over 65 wells in the basin were used as input to the geochemical computer model PATH4 (Helgeson, 1970) and the sequence of aqueous species and mineral production in a recharge reference volume examined. The study reveals that natural processes in the basin lead to the increase in dissolved solids content in ground water over time and the production of secondary minerals such as calcite, calcium montmorillonite, kaolinite and poorly crystallized alumino-silicate phases. Secondary minerals grow into aquifer pore spaces and may, over time, be responsible for the reduction in aquifer porosity and the specific capacity of wells. The recharge of imported Central Arizona Project water will lead to an increase in the dissolved solids content of ground water and may, in certain areas of the basin, lead to the enhanced production of secondary minerals. The use of CAP water as a recharge source must be guided by the geochemical factors which influence the nature and scope of reactions between CAP water and the Tucson aquifer matrix. The study demonstrates the need for and identifies water quality and aquifer matrix criteria for the assessment of sources of recharge water and recharge facility sites. The use of geochemistry as a tool for quantitatively assessing ground water quality is demonstrated.
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Barbieri, Manuela. "Effect of redox conditions on the fate of emergin organic micropollutants during artificial recharge of groundwater: batch experiment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/109161.
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La recarrega artificial de les aigües subterrànies consisteix en infiltrar aigua als aqüífers per mitjà
de les instal·lacions dissenyades per a tal fi i representa una eina important en la gestió dels
recursos. A més de l’augment dels recursos d'aigües subterrànies, la recàrrega pot suposar una
millora natural de la seva qualitat durant el seu pas pel subsòl. Els processos que tenen lloc en el
sistema sòl-aqüífer (filtració, adsorció, reaccions de mescla , redox, biodegradació, etc) han
demostrat produir una millora integral de la qualitat de l'aigua, eliminant també de manera efectiva
una sèrie de contaminants orgànics. En l'actualitat, la qüestió és saber si la contaminació pels
microcontaminants orgànics emergents, és a dir, productes farmacèutics, cosmètics, hormones,
drogues il·lícites, pesticides i tensioactius, també es poden atenuar de forma natural. Alguns
d’aquests compostos no són completament eliminats pels tractaments d'aigua residual
convencionals, essent introduïts contínuament en els cursos d’aigua superficials pels efluents de
les plantes de tractament. Malgrat la baixa concentració (ng/L i μg/L), la seva presència en el medi
ambient és actualment un problema per a la vida aquàtica i la salut humana. En aquest context, la
recàrrega artificial pot esdevenir una alternativa potencial o un tractament complementari per a
l'eliminació de microcontaminants orgànics de l’aigua. Hi ha evidències que les condicions redox
predominants podrien influir en el comportament d’aquests productes en l'aqüífer. No obstant, en el
cas dels microcontaminants emergents, el coneixement sobre aquest tema és encara molt limitat.
L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi és doncs investigar el possible efecte de les condicions redox
sobre el destí de microcontaminants orgànics, la majoria dels quals són contaminants emergents. El treball està motivat pels projectes de recàrrega artificial amb aigua del riu Llobregat (Barcelona,
Espanya). L’estudi es basa en experiments de laboratori (batch) utilitzant materials naturals de
l'aqüífer, microcontaminants en concentracions ambientals (1 μg/L de cada compost), i unes
condicions ambientals similars als llocs de recàrrega artificial. Afegint les quantitats adequades
d’acceptors i donadors d’electrons s’han obtingut i mantingut les diferents condicions redox
anaeròbies en cada conjunt de microcosmos. Els experiments inclouen sèries biòtiques i
abiòtiques per separar la biodegradació de contaminants de l’adsorció a la superfície dels sòlids i
altres processos abiòtics. També s’ha dut a terme un experiment amb una major concentració de
contaminants (1 mg/L de cada compost), per comprovar la representativitat dels estudis
convencionals. Els objectius finals del treball són: 1) identificar les condicions redox més favorables
per eliminar de l'aigua els compostos seleccionats, a fi de ser promogudes en l’assaig de camp; i
2) mesurar les velocitats de les reaccions de degradació per tal de preveure el comportament dels
micrcontaminants en el aqüífer.La recarga artificial de acuíferos, que consiste en la infiltración de agua subterránea en instalaciones diseñadas para tal fin, constituye una importante herramienta en la gestión de recursos hídricos. Más allá de aumentar los recursos de aguas subterráneas, suscita gran interés la capacidad de tratamiento natural que confiere el tránsito sub-superficial a las aguas. Los procesos que tienen lugar en el sistema suelo-acuífero (filtración, adsorción, mezcla, reacciones redox, biodegradación, etc.) permiten una mejora general de la calidad del agua, eliminando incluso diversos contaminantes orgánicos. En la actualidad, el reto es entender si los microcontaminantes orgánicos emergentes, es decir farmacéuticos, productos de cuidado personal, hormonas, drogas ilícitas, plaguicidas y tensioactivos, puedan también ser atenuados. Muchos de ellos no son completamente eliminados en tratamientos de agua convencionales, siendo introducidos constantemente en aguas superficiales por los efluentes de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales. A pesar de sus baja concentraciones (ng/L and μg/L), su omnipresencia en el medioambiente es actualmente causa de preocupación para la vida acuática y la salud humana. En este contexto, la recarga artificial puede representar un tratamiento alternativo o complementario para la eliminación de microcontaminantes orgánicos de las aguas. Hay evidencias de que las condiciones redox dominantes pueden influenciar el comportamiento de contaminantes orgánicos convencionales en los acuíferos. Sin embargo, en el caso de los microcontaminantes emergentes los conocimientos sobre este tema es todavía limitado. El principal objetivo de esta tesis, motivada por proyectos de recarga artificial con aguas del río Llobregat (Barcelona, España), es investigar el efecto potencial de las condiciones redox sobre el comportamiento de microcontaminantes orgánicos seleccionados (la mayoría de los cuales son contaminantes emergentes) durante la recarga artificial. El estudio se basa en experimentos batch de laboratorio usando material natural del acuífero, microcontaminantes en concentraciones ambientales (1 μg/L cada compuesto), y condiciones verosímiles en enclaves de recarga artificial. Añadiendo cantidades adecuadas de aceptadores y donadores de electrones, fueron establecidas y se mantuvieron diferentes condiciones redox anaeróbicas (condiciones nitrato-, manganeso-, hierro- y sulfato-reductoras) en cada grupo de microcosmos. Se llevaron a cabo series bióticas y abióticas para separar la biodegradación de los contaminantes (mineralización biótica o transformación) de los procesos de adsorción y de otros procesos abióticos. También fue realizado un experimento para alta concentración de contaminantes (1 mg/L cada compuesto), para comprobar la representatividad de los estudios convencionales. El objetivo final de este trabajo es identificar 1) las condiciones redox más favorables para la eliminación del agua de los contaminantes seleccionados, para su posterior simulación en el sitio piloto, y 2) las tasas de eliminación de esos contaminantes, para predecir sus comportamientos en el acuífero.
Artificial recharge of groundwater, consisting in infiltrating water into aquifers by means of properly designed facilities, represents an important tool in water resources management. Beside its quantitative benefits (augmentation of groundwater resources, long term underground storage, etc.), a great interest for this technique is related to the natural treatment provided to water by subsurface passage. The processes occurring in the soil-aquifer system (filtration, sorption, mixing, redox reactions, biodegradation, etc.) have indeed proven to yield an overall improvement of water quality, removing effectively also a number of organic contaminants. At present time, the issue is to understand whether emerging organic micropollutants, i.e. pharmaceuticals, personal care products, hormones, illicit drugs, pesticides and surfactants, can also be removed. A number of these compounds are not completely removed by conventional water treatments, being thus introduced continuously into surface water bodies by the discharge of wastewater treatment plants effluents. In spite of their low concentration (ng/L and μg/L), their ubiquitous presence in the environment is currently a cause of concern for aquatic life and human health. In this context, artificial recharge may represent a potential alternative or complementary treatment for the removal of organic micropollutants from water. Evidences showed that, among the factors influencing the fate of conventional organic contaminants in the aquifer, the predominant redox conditions could play an important role. Yet, in the case of emerging micropollutants the knowledge on this topic is still limited. The main objective of this thesis, motivated by artificial recharge practices using Llobregat river water (Barcelona, Spain), is to investigate on the potential effect of redox conditions on the fate of selected organic micropollutants, most of them being emerging contaminants, during artificial recharge of groundwater. The study is based on batch experiments involving natural aquifer material, micropollutants at environmental concentrations (1 μg/L each compound), and settings feasible at artificial recharge sites. Different anaerobic redox conditions (namely, nitrate-, manganese-, iron- and sulphate-reducing conditions) were promoted and sustained in each set of microcosms by adding adequate quantities of electron donors and acceptors. The experiments included biotic and abiotic series to separate contaminant’s biodegradation (i.e. biotic mineralization or transformation) from sorption and other abiotic processes. An experiment at higher pollutants concentration (1mg/L each compound) was also carried out, to check the representativeness of studies at concentrations easier to be tested and analysed. The ultimate aim of the work is to identify 1) the most favourable redox conditions for the removal of the target compounds from water, for their following stimulation in the field test site, and 2) pollutants’ removal rates, to predict their behaviour in the aquifer.
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Yaraghi, N. (Navid). "Assessing the impacts of artificial groundwater recharge structures on river flow regime in arid and semi-arid regions." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201709062799.
Full textAbstract:
In dry and semi-dry climate, Artificial Groundwater Recharge Structures are used for flood control and managed aquifer recharge. These damps basin runoff response decrease the maximum flows and increase the runoff duration through wet seasons. In this study, a framework to quantify the role of AGWRS in headwater tributaries on the total water balance of major basin and alteration of flow pattern in the main river has been presented. The study contains four main subroutines: rainfall-runoff model, reservoir flood routing, river analysis system and seepage analysis. The flood hydrographs with different return periods are estimated based on the climatic data and the characteristics of headwater basin. River flow analysis below the structure is carried out for two unsteady flow scenarios, first with the hydrographs of the natural system (as pre-impact: quick flood with significant peak flow) and second the altered flow hydrographs due to detention process in the reservoir (as post-impact: damped flood lower peak with longer duration time). Two sets of dynamic water surface along the river (from the location of detention structure (x=0) to the confluence point with the main river (x=L) are developed based on two hydrologic conditions as results of river analysis system. The results of framework define the impact of flood detention structure by comparing the timing, magnitude, and variability of flow. The Kamal Abad artificial groundwater recharge in Mahrlou Lake basin in Southern Iran was selected as case study to demonstrate the application of the created framework. Through the probability analysis, the return period for hydrological drought has been compared to the pre-impact and post-impact condition. The results clearly showed how embankments influence floods in tributaries and in some cases the flow reduced significantly and disappear in tributaries.
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Phraner, Ralph Wilson 1950. "A hydrogeological evaluation and feasibility analysis of artificial groundwater recharge and recovery in eastern Pauba Valley, Riverside County, California." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278003.
Full textAbstract:
The Rancho California Water District has an opportunity to conjunctively manage available ground, surface, imported, and reclaimed water resources through a program of artificial recharge and recovery. The site of proposed operations is eastern Pauba Valley, Riverside County, California. Hydrogeological analyses were conducted to identify valley aquifers, evaluate hydraulic properties and quantify ground water storage, movement and yield. Field studies included nine aquifer tests, a survey of well locations and construction of five monitoring wells. All data collected were entered into a computerized Water Resources Information Management System (WRIMS) custom configured for the project. A finite-difference computer simulation model was constructed to evaluate the feasibility and facilities requirements of two alternative recharge and recovery programs. Computer simulation results confirm the feasibility of 9,000 and 18,000 acre feet per year recharge and recovery programs.
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Sarma, Diganta. "Assessment of sustainable groundwater utilization with case studies from semi-arid Namibia." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5649.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe thesis addresses sustainability of groundwater utilization in arid and semiarid regions of Namibia. Recharge in this hydrogeological setting occurs as discrete events to aquifers that are bounded in extent. Case studies involving fractured hardrock and alluvial aquifers with aquifer-ephemeral river interaction were considered. The nature of recharge to arid region bounded aquifers was explored. In arid region aquifers, roundwater storage is depleted during extended dry periods due to pumping and natural discharge. Steady state conditions are rarely achieved. With lowering of the water table, evapotranspiration is reduced thus decreasing aquifer discharge. However, depletion of ephemeral river flow is the primary source of water to boreholes. Physical constraints such as river bed and aquifer hydraulic properties set a limit to the degree of natural replenishment possible during flow events. An approach to assessing sustainable yield of a fractured rock aquifer associated with ephemeral river flow is discussed using a case study from rural semi-arid Namibia. Limited data required the simulation results to be verified against geological and hydrogeological constraints. The aquifer’s gain in storage is estimated through numerical simulation. It provides a basis for groundwater scheme management that rely on limited data in semi-arid conditions in sub-Saharan Africa. Aspects related to ephemeral river flow and groundwater recharge to strip alluvial aquifers was addressed in the second case study. The processes controlling infiltration, significance of surface water and groundwater losses, and possible artificial recharge options were investigated through numerical simulation. It was concluded that recharge processes in arid alluvial aquifers differ significantly from those in humid systems. Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources require artificial augmentation of aquifer recharge due to constrains in natural infiltration rates. The study provides a reference for sustainable management of alluvial aquifer systems in similar regions. It is seen from the study that high rates of groundwater exploitation deplete surface water resources needed downstream while failure to capture surface flow during flood events cause loss of potential recharge. It is concluded that as water demand in Namibia increases, basin wide combined surface water and groundwater resource evaluation and management have become a necessity.
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Reed, Deborah A. "Spatial and temporal biogeochemical changes of groundwater associated with managed aquifer recharge in two different geographical areas." University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0074.
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[Truncated abstract] Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is a technique that can be used to capture and store water in aquifers for later reuse. This method recycles water that would normally be lost or discarded to the environment. MAR has been observed to have the potential for improving the quality of recharged water through a combination of physical, chemical and biological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in groundwater microbial population structure during MAR and the major influences that drive these population changes. Biogeochemical MAR studies have the potential to assist in the improved prediction of the removal of contaminants such as nutrients, pathogens and trace organics from the recharged water. Biological clogging during recharge also has the potential to overwhelm an aquifers ability to process wastewater thus reducing the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. Therefore further research into the spatial and temporal biogeochemical processes that occur during MAR is required. The geochemical and microbial population dynamics of two contrasting MAR techniques were investigated at two different geographical locations (Perth, Western Australia and Adelaide, South Australia). These MAR sites contained aquifers of dissimilar properties that were recharged with wastewater that contrasted in water quality. The Perth MAR site received secondary treated effluent which continuously infiltrated the unsaturated zone into an unconfined aquifer aided by infiltration galleries. Reclaimed water was extracted from a well at distance from the infiltration gallery. ... Notably the background and recovered water was most dissimilar in microbial and chemical population structure to that described for the infiltration gallery and injection well. Microbial and chemical evidence suggested that the background and extraction well groundwater were unaffected by plume migration. These results suggested that extraction well groundwater was similar in quality to that of ambient groundwater. Significant geochemical and microbial changes of secondary treated effluent during infiltration and lateral movement through aquifer were implicated in addition to the forced hydraulic gradient created from extracting fives time the volume of infiltrating wastewater. This study demonstrated that microbial populations and the geochemical processes associated with MAR can be studied and compared. Multivariate statistical methodology greatly simplified a vast array of dynamic biogeochemical information that could be dissected for meaningful interpretation over distance and time. The study evaluated the major biogeochemical influences which resulted in microbial and geochemical changes where it was noted that microbial populations were more dynamic than geochemical variation over time. Additionally biogeochemical comparative analysis indicated that microbial populations could change in population structure before a shift in aquifer geochemistry was detected. It is anticipated that the results from this study will benefit further research into the biogeochemical processes involved in water quality changes (e.g. nutrient removal, pathogen decay and biodegradation of trace organics) as well as controlling biological clogging of MAR schemes.
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Lutz, Theresa Marie. "A Study of the Precursors for Disinfection By-Products on the CAP Avra Valley Recharge Project." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0114_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Olson, Kevin Laverne 1954, and Kevin Laverne 1954 Olson. "Urban stormwater injection via dry wells in Tucson, Arizona, and its effect on ground-water quality." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191990.
Full textAbstract:
My deepest respect and appreciation are extended to Dr. L. Gray Wilson for providing the opportunity to conduct this research, for his advice and assistance during the course of the research, and for his review of and suggestions for improving this manuscript. I would also like to thank Michael Osborn for his assistance. This research was funded by the City of Tucson. The assistance and direction provided by Mt. Bruce Johnson and Mt. Joe Babcock at Tucson Water are gratefully acknowledged. My thanks are also extended to Dr. Daniel D. Evans, Dr. L.G. Wilson, and Dr. Stanley N. Davis for serving on my thesis committee. Bruce Smith's assistance is gratefully acknowledged. Bruce spent two long days with 110-degree temperatures In a parking lot describing the lithology of sediment samples collected during the drilling phase of this research. He also determined the moisture content and particle size distribution on samples collected from the borehole. The assistance of Ralph Marra and Steve Brooks is also gratefully acknowledged. Ralph waded through city and county bureaucracies to determine zoning at each dry-well site. Steve assisted with collecting dry-well settling chamber sediment samples.
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Hamdan, Sami [Verfasser], and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Tröger. "Artificial Recharge of Groundwater with Stormwater as a New Water Resource - Case Study of the Gaza Strip, Palestine / Sami Hamdan. Betreuer: Uwe Tröger." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1018765050/34.
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Weissenborn, Richard Carl 1952. "Apparent fate of recharged nonpurgeable chlorinated organics." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276786.
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Secondary effluent from the Roger Road Wastewater Treatment Plant undergoes tertiary treatment of dual media filtration and chlorination. The tertiary effluent is recharged and subsequently extracted for irrigation in Tucson, Arizona. The fate of chlorinated organics in this recharge system was investigated in this research. Nonpurgeable organic carbon was found to reach a constant level in the groundwater after being recharged. Not all of the organic carbon was removed from the water. Nonpurgeable organic halogens increased as they flowed away from the recharge basins. Reasons for this increase were not determined. Attempts were made to define the apparent molecular weight distribution of the NPOC and the NPOX. Measured values of the two parameters were consistently greater after the analytical processing than before, making the determination impossible.
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Abdo, Aslan. "Modeling contingency infiltration scenarios in MODFLOW : Stockholm Bypass and tunnel induced groundwater drawdown." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-244307.
Full textAbstract:
Subsurface constructions, such as tunnels, create hydrogeological challenges in mitigating risk of subsidence due to groundwater drawdown. Presenting readily made precautionary mitigation plans, such as strategically planned artificial recharge applications, can help effectivise the mitigation process. The Bypass Stockholm project comprises of several subsurface constructions which may lower the surrounding groundwater level through tunnel leakage. Risk of land subsidence persists in the nearby urban area of Vinsta, Stockholm, where a groundwater drawdown may cause the clays in the area to experience land subsidence. A hydrogeological modelling approach was used in the area to create strategic artificial infiltration plans that could be employed as a mitigative response to the drop in groundwater head. In order to simulate the potential tunnel drainage, a steady state hydrogeological model was built using MODFLOW. A 220 l/s tunnel leakage was then simulated. Four different artificial groundwater infiltration scenarios were then conceptualized and simulated to observe effects on groundwater heads. The groundwater levels of the baseline model of the area fit the calibration targets with average absolute deviation of 0.18 m. The tunnel drainage scenario lowered the groundwater level in the till aquifer and bedrock by 0 - 1.5 m and 0.5 - 5 m respectively, with higher drawdowns observed closer to the tunnel. The infiltration scenarios mitigate the groundwater drawdown with different efficacies; proximity to the recharge point, and discharge into the till aquifer were observed to have the highest effect on groundwater recharge in the model. The model could have been improved by improving the data quality surrounding the hydraulic conductivity of the bedrock, as it had the highest effect according to the parameter sensitivity analysis.Konstruktioner under mark kan skapa hydrogeologiska utmaningar, såsom sättningsrisk orsakade av grundvattenavsänkning. Ett sätt att effektivisera åtgärdsprocessen är att förbereda för eventuell artificiell grundvatteninfiltration. Vägprojektet Förbifart Stockholm innefattar konstruktioner under mark och riskerar, genom inläckage, att sänka grundvattennivån i omgivningen. Ett potentiellt problemområde är stadsdelen Vinsta, delar av vars är byggd på sättningskänslig lera som kan påverkas av en grundvattenavsänkning. För att kunna motverka en grundvattensänkning i Vinsta har hydrogeologisk modellering utförts för att strategiskt planera artificiell grundvatteninfiltration. Ett tunnelläckage på 220 l/s har simulerats genom en hydrogeologisk steady state-modell i MODFLOW. Fyra olika scenarier för grundvatteninfiltration har konceptualiserats och simulerats för att observera påverkan på grundvattennivån. Den spatialt variabla grundvattennivån i grundmodellen nådde kalibreringsmålen med en genomsnittlig absolutavvikelse på 0,18 m. Modellen för tunnelläckage resulterade i att grundvattennivån i moränakvifären och berget sjönk med 0 – 1,5 resp. 0,5 – 5 m, med större grundvattensänkning närmare tunneln. Scenarierna för infiltration motverkade grundvattensänkningen i olika grad. Närhet tilltunneln, eller platsen för inläckage, samt den hydrauliska konduktiviteten mellan infiltrationen och akvifären visade störst påverkan på resultatet för att motverka grundvattensänkningen. Känslighetsanalysen för parametrarna i modellen visade att berget och dess hydrauliska konduktivitet hade störst påverkan på resultatet. Tillgång till bättre data för berget möjliggör förbättrat modelleringsresultat.
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Bouragba, Latifa. "Etude de la recharge artificielle des nappes en zone semi-aride : application au bassin du Souss-Maroc." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA2046.
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La plaine du Souss est délimitée au nord par le Haut-Atlas, au sud par l’Anti-Atlas et à l’estpar le massif cristallin de Siroua. Les principales formations géologiques sont des marnocalcaireset conglomérats assez perméables, les calcaires du Turonien qui leur sont sousjacentset le lit fossile de l’oued Souss composé d’alluvions sablo-graveleuses trèsperméables.La nappe du Souss est la plus importante du sud du Maroc, elle est très exploitée par unsecteur agricole exportateur, la surexploitation de la nappe s’est traduite par une baissecontinue des niveaux. Depuis 1970, les prélèvements dépassent de loin les ressourcesrenouvelables de la nappe (déficit : 185 Mm3 en 1976, 358 Mm3 en 1998, 228 Mm3 en 2003).Le barrage d’Aoulouz est principalement destiné à la recharge artificielle de la nappe par deslâchers d’eaux stockées pendant les périodes pluvieuses. En zone semi-aride, une estimationprécise de la recharge est souvent délicate, la variabilité spatio-temporelle de la recharge étantgénéralement forte et les processus variés.Ce travail a permis de mieux caractériser l’impact de la recharge sur la nappe et d’évaluer letemps de séjour et le renouvellement des eaux souterraines.L’évolution de la piézométrie à la suite des lâchers d’eau à partir du barrage Aoulouz montredes remontées locales du niveau piézométrique sur la haute plaine, environ 85% des eauxlâchées à partir du barrage d’Aoulouz s’infiltrent 80 km entre Aoulouz et Taroudant.Toutefois, le niveau général de la nappe continue de baisser.Le faciès géochimique est principalement bicarbonaté calcique (dissolution des carbonates), etpar endroits sulfaté calcique (évaporites au pied du Haut-Atlas). Les eaux de surface ont unfaciès bicarbonaté calcique et magnésien acquis lors de leur circulation sur des calcaires et desdolomies.[...]The Souss valley is bounded to the North by the High Atlas, to the South by the Anti-Atlasand to the East by the Siroua crystalline massif. The main geological formations arecalcareous marls of the Plio-Quaternary, the Turonian limestones that underlie them, and thefossil bed of River Souss formed by sands, sandstones and gravels from high permeabilityalluvium.The Souss aquifer is the most significant aquifer in southern Morocco, highly exploited by anagricultural exporting activity. Groundwater overexploitation induced a decreases ofpiezometric heads. Since 1970, water demand far exceeds renewable groundwater resources(balance defecit: 185 Mm3 in 1976, 358 Mm3 in 1998, and 228 Mm3 in 2003).The mean role of the Aoulouz dam is the artificial recharge of the Souss plain by release ofwater stored during rainy periods in the plain.In semi-arid areas, estimating recharge is often difficult, the spatial and temporal variabilitiesof recharge are generally high, and processes are varied.This work has enabled to characterize the impact of artificial recharge and to estimate therenewal of water in the aquifer.Water releases from Aoulouz dam has permitted an increase of the piezometric level on thehigh plain, about 85% of the water released are unfiltered in the first 80 Km between Aoulouzand Taroudant cities. However, the general water level decline goes on.The geochemical facies is mainly calcium bicarbonate type (dissolution of limestone), andlocally calcium sulphate type (evaporites of the High Atlas). Surface waters are a calcium andmagnesium bicarbonate types, acquired during their flow through limestones and dolomitesoutcrops.[...]
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Greskowiak, Janek Johannes. "Reactive transport processes in artificially recharged aquifers." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15582.
Full textAbstract:
In der vorliegenden Dissertation sollten die hydrogeochemischen Prozesse herausgearbeitet werden, die für die Wasserqualitätsänderung während eines ASR Experiments in Bolivar, Südaustralien und während der Versickerung in einem künstlichen Grundwasseranreicherungsbecken in Berlin von Bedeutung waren. Reaktive Stofftransportmodellierung des ASR Experiments in Bolivar, Südaustralien zeigte, dass die hydrochemischen Veränderungen in der direkten Umgebung des Injektionsbrunnens während der Speicherphase nur durch rapide Änderungen der Sauerstoff- und Nitrat reduzierenden Bakterienmasse erklärt werden können. Die hydrochemischen Veränderungen in größerer Distanz zum Injektionsbrunnen wurden überwiegend durch Ionenaustauschprozesse und Kalzitlösung verursacht. Geochemische und hydraulische Messungen unter einem Sickerbecken in Berlin zeigten, dass die beobachteten geochemischen Änderungen im Sickerwasser mit den periodisch auftretenden wassergesättigten/wasserungesättigen Bedingungen unter dem Becken einhergehen. Während der ungesättigten Periode wird Luft unter das Becken gezogen und führt zur plötzlichen Reoxidierung von bereits in der gesättigten Periode gebildeten Eisensulfiden und zur beschleunigten Mineralisation von sedimentärem organischem Kohlenstoff. Reaktive Stofftransportmodellierung auf größerer Skale zeigte, dass allein die saisonalen Temperaturunterschiede im Infiltrationswasser für die beobachtete zeitliche und räumliche Dynamik der Redoxzonen im weiteren Abstrom des Sickerbeckens verantwortlich sind. Das Abbauverhalten der Arzneimittelsubstanz Phenazon hängt ausschließlich von der Verfügbarkeit von gelöstem Sauerstoff und damit indirekt von der Wassertemperatur im Aquifer ab. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird deutlich, dass ein adäquates Verständnis der wasserqualitätsändernden Prozesse in künstlichen Anreicherungsystemen nur dann erreicht werden kann wenn Strömung, Transport und reaktive Prozesse, im Feld als auch in der Modellierung, simultan betrachtet werden.In this thesis, three major studies were carried out in order to understand the key factors controlling the water quality changes that occurred during a reclaimed water Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) experiment at Bolivar, South Australia and during ponded infiltration in Berlin, Germany. Multi-component reactive transport modelling of the ASR experiment suggested that during the storage phase, dynamic changes in bacterial mass have a significant influence on the local geochemistry in the vicinity of the injection well. Water quality changes further away from the injection well were mainly driven by ion exchange and calcite dissolution. Geochemical and hydraulic measurements below an artificial recharge pond in Berlin, Germany, showed that the observed dynamic changes of the hydrochemistry within the seepage water are strongly linked to the periodic saturated/unsaturated hydraulic conditions below the pond. During unsaturated conditions, atmospheric oxygen penetrates from the pond margins to the centre below the pond, leading to (i) a sudden re-oxidation of sulphide minerals that have formed previously during saturated conditions and (ii) an enhanced mineralisation of sedimentary particulate organic carbon. Reactive transport modelling showed that at larger scale, seasonal temperature changes of the infiltration water are the key control for the observed temporal and spatial redox dynamics further downstream the recharge pond. Moreover, the degradation behaviour of the pharmaceutically residue phenazone solely depends on the availability of dissolved oxygen, and thus indirectly on the water temperature within the aquifer. Overall this thesis shows that a sound understanding and analysis of the key processes affecting the water quality changes during artificial recharge of groundwater could only be achieved when flow, transport and reactive processes are considered simultaneously, both in the field and during modelling.
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Hussain, Mohammed Salih. "Numerical simulation and effective management of saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/19239.
Full textAbstract:
Seawater intrusion (SWI) is a widespread environmental problem, particularly in arid and semi-arid coastal areas. Unplanned prolonged over-pumping of groundwater is the most important factor in SWI that could result in severe deterioration of groundwater quality. Therefore, appropriate management strategies should be implemented in coastal aquifers to control SWI with acceptable limits of economic and environmental costs. This PhD project presents the development and application of a simulation-optimization (S/O) model to assess different management methods of controlling saltwater intrusion while satisfying water demands, and with acceptable limits of economic and environmental costs, in confined and unconfined coastal aquifers. The first S/O model (FE-GA) is developed by direct linking of an FE simulation model with a multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the efficiency of a wide range of SWI management scenarios. However, in this S/O framework, several multiple calls of the simulation model by the population-based optimization model, evaluating best individual candidate solutions resulted in a considerable computational burden. To solve this problem the numerical simulation model is replaced by an Evolutionary Polynomial Regression (EPR)-based surrogate model in the next S/O model (EPR-GA). Through these S/O approaches (FE-GA and EPR-GA) the optimal coordinates and rates of the both abstraction and recharge barriers are determined in the studied management scenarios. As a result, a new combined methodology, so far called ADRTWW, is proposed to control SWI. The ADRTWW model consists of deep Abstraction of saline water near the coast followed by Desalination of the abstracted water to a potable level for public uses and simultaneously Recharging the aquifer using a more economic source of water such as treated wastewater (TWW). In accordance to the available recharge options (injection through well or infiltration from surface pond), the general performance of ADRTWW is evaluated in different hydro-geological settings of the aquifers indicating that it offers the least cost and least salinity in comparison with other scenarios. The great capabilities of both developed S/O models in identification of the best management solutions and the optimal coordinates and rates of the abstraction well and recharge well/pond are discussed. Both FE-GA and EPR-GA can be successfully employed by a robust decision support system. In the next phase of the study, the general impacts of sea level rise (SLR), associated with its transgression nature along the coastline surface on the saltwater intrusion mechanism are investigated in different hypothetical and real case studies of coastal aquifer systems. The results show that the rate and the amount of SWI are considerably greater in aquifers with flat shoreline slopes compared with those with steep slopes. The SWI process is followed by a significant depletion in quantity of freshwater resources at the end of the century. The situation is exacerbated with combined action of SLR and groundwater withdrawals. This finding is also confirmed by 3D simulation of SWI in a regional coastal aquifer (Wadi Ham aquifer) in the UAE subjected to the coupled actions of SLR and pumping.
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Loizeau, Sébastien. "Amélioration de la compréhension des fonctionnements hydrodynamiques du champ captant de Crépieux-Charmy." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU010/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans un champ captant, comme celui qui alimente l'agglomération lyonnaise, le fonctionnement de chaque « objet » (bassins d'infiltration, puits, rivières, nappe, zone non saturée) et leurs interactions sont complexes et mal connus. Dans un premier temps, une série d'essais d'infiltration à différentes échelles dans un bassin artificiel de réalimentation a permis de mieux appréhender le fonctionnement de cet ouvrage et de chiffrer les paramètres hydrodynamiques de la zone non saturée. Les résultats des interprétations par méthodes numériques fondées sur l'équation de Richards ont montré que les flux infiltrés dans les bassins dépendent principalement de la conductivité hydraulique à saturation d'une couche située directement sous le sable calibré couvrant le fond du bassin, identifiée comme étant moins perméable que la nappe. Cette couche conditionne l'existence d'une zone non saturée. La réalisation d'essais de pompage dans l'aquifère sur les forages d'exploitation et sur un dispositif spécialement mis en place durant ce travail a permis de déterminer les paramètres hydrodynamiques de la nappe. Une analyse des observations et une modélisation conceptuelle en 2D, puis en 3D ont permis d'identifier les mécanismes prépondérants (stratifications, apports et prélèvements) et de simuler correctement à la fois les flux infiltrés dans un des bassins d'infiltration et la remontée de la nappe. A l'échelle d'un bassin, les flux infiltrés sont variables dans le temps, ils dépendent de l'état de colmatage de la surface d'infiltration mais également de la température de l'eau infiltrée et de l'état hydrique initial du sol sous le bassin. Les analyses de sensibilité réalisées avec les modèles mis en place indiquent que la conductivité hydraulique à saturation de l'aquifère, mais également la proximité des conditions aux limites imposées dans la nappe (les rivières et les puits de pompage) influencent de manière prépondérante la remontée de la nappe. Une modélisation 3D d'un autre secteur du champ captant comprenant deux bassins d'infiltration, deux bras de rivière ainsi que des puits de pompage a été réalisée. La condition à la limite imposée sur les rivières est du troisième type en accord avec l'observation d'un sous-écoulement en nappe. Les échanges nappe/rivières sont calés sur des observations à partir d'une chronique de propagation d'une onde de crue dans la nappe. Des piézomètres en flûte de pan, spécifiquement implantés à proximité d'un bassin, ont permis d'observer des différences de charge hydraulique fortes à différents niveaux de l'aquifère lorsque le bassin d'infiltration est en eau. La modélisation 3D est conforme à ces observations. Elle a confirmé l'importance du rôle d'une hétérogénéité de type argilo-sableuse (de conductivité hydraulique à saturation inférieure aux autres lithologies présentes dans l'aquifère) dans les écoulements (direction et flux). Le modèle développé représente correctement les flux infiltrés via les bassins ainsi que les fluctuations de la piézométrie de la nappe. Il permet de vérifier l'inversion des écoulements par rapport aux infiltrations de la rivière, d'identifier les puits alimentés par les bassins d'infiltration et également de mettre en évidence les flux de nappe passant sous la rivièreIn a well field of the Lyon metropolitan area, designed for drinking water supply, behaviour of each object (infiltration basins, wells, rivers, aquifer, and unsaturated zone) and their interactions are complex and not well-known. As a first step, infiltration tests at different spatial scales in one artificial basin were performed to better understand the basin operation and to estimate the hydrodynamic parameters of the unsaturated zone. Results of interpretation, using numerical methods based on Richards equation, reveal that infiltrated basin fluxes mainly depend on saturated hydraulic conductivity of a layer located just below the calibrated sand layer that cover the basin bottom. Indeed this layer has been estimated to be less permeable than the aquifer, which allows the existence of the unsaturated zone below. Pumping tests in the groundwater have been performed using production wells and a well specially implemented during this thesis work in order to estimate aquifer hydrodynamic parameters. Observations analysis and a conceptual modelling, in 2D and then in 3D, lead to a better understanding of the controlling mechanisms (stratification, input and output) and to simulate both basin infiltration rates and water table rise. Considering the whole basin scale, input fluxes are transient, related to the clogging statement of the infiltration area but also to the temperature of inflow water and the initial statement of the soil just below the basin. Sensibility analyses using the models highlight that the amount of the water table rise is mainly influenced by the aquifer saturated hydraulic conductivity and also by the location of imposed boundaries in the aquifer (rivers and pumping wells). The model properly accounts basin inflow fluxes and water table fluctuations. The model is able to verify if flows are reversed in relation to river exchanges, if wells are fed by infiltration basins and it highlights aquifer flows below the river. A 3D modelling has been realised in another area of the well field, comprising two infiltration basins, two river arms and pumping wells. In agreement with underflow in the aquifer, rivers are imposed in the model as third kind boundary conditions. Aquifer and river exchanges are calibrated with observed data of one aquifer flood-wave propagation. Significant differences of hydraulic heads have been observed at different depths of the aquifer using panpipes piezometers, specifically implemented, close to one infiltration basin. Theses differences are closely related to basin operation. These observations are properly calculated by the 3D model. Using the model, the effect of one sandy-clay heterogeneous layer (whose saturated hydraulic conductivity is lower than the ones of other aquifer lithologies) on aquifer flows (direction and flux) is notable. The model properly accounts basin inflow fluxes and water table fluctuations. The model is able to verify if flows are reversed in relation to river exchanges, if wells are fed by infiltration basins and it highlights aquifer flow below the river
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Ahooghalandari, Matin. "Water resource options for sustainable development in the Pilbara region of Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1747.
Full textAbstract:
Water resources management in the Pilbara region of Western Australia is vital to industry, economy and the environment. This dissertation has aimed to develop a comprehensive hydrological and hydrogeological assessment of water resources in the Yandi mine area located in the Weeli Wolli Creek catchment in the Pilbara. Water resources in this area have become increasingly vulnerable due to growing demand. Climate conditions, geology and hydrogeology, streamflow and the groundwater system of the study area were assessed. Lumped, data-driven and numerical models were employed to develop an understanding of the available surface water and groundwater resources.
Three equations were derived showing the rainfall-runoff relationship within Weeli Wolli Creek catchment and subsequent modelling was undertaken for more hydrology system evaluation. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and IHACRES models were used to simulate the Marillana Creek streamflow discharge, upstream of Yandi. The results suggested that ANN models perform better for a complex catchment hydrological system, compared to IHACRES model.
A VISUAL MODFLOW model was used to investigate the groundwater system and its trend in the Yandi area. The model helped to understand the groundwater responses to future development with various pumping strategies and climate conditions. The scenario analysis assisted identification of zones vulnerable to a significant decline in groundwater level in response to dewatering. The analysis indicated that the maximum water level drawdown of 25m occurred in the aquifer from maximum annual pumping of 23GL. With respect to groundwater yield in particular, abstraction has a more direct impact on the groundwater system compared to climate change.
The recharge into the groundwater was estimated from the fluctuations of groundwater level, groundwater modelling and water balance method. The estimated recharge from these methods was comparable and consistent within 3 to 5% of rainfall. This suggests that direct rainfall infiltration is less, compared to localised infiltration. Two new equations, applicable to Australian conditions, were developed to estimate potential evapotranspiration (ET0). These equations form a part of the water balance equation for groundwater recharge estimation. An artificial intelligent model, based on the Honey-Bee Mating Optimization algorithm (HBMO), was introduced to calibrate the new ET0 equations. The newly developed equations had better performances than available popular equations.
The results of this study showed that the water resources in Yandi are considerably affected by progressing activities and their associated water requirements. A combination of multiple water assessments and modellings suggested that it is feasible to predict future access to surface water as a function of its influencing factors such as climate condition and mining activities. Scenario analysis in groundwater assessment suggested possible alternative future dewatering strategies in the Yandi mine area. The possible groundwater level recovery time is estimated to be one hundred years, which indicates this resource may not be a reliable option in future. Hydrological water balance analysis also indicated that the available surface water volume would decrease to half upon cease of discharge due to closure of mines in the study area, which is controversial condition for future water management.
This research can lead to the implementation of a sustainable water resources plan, and development of appropriate strategies.
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Johansson, Oskar. "Avskiljning av naturligt organiskt material vid konstgjord grundvattenbildning i Uppsalaåsen." Thesis, Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för Vatten och Miljö, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-269529.
Full textAbstract:
Uppsalas dricksvattenförsörjning baseras på konstgjord grundvattenbildning som innebär att vatten från Fyrisån får rinna ned till grundvattnet från infiltrationsbassänger. Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka vad som händer med naturligt organiskt material (NOM) i Uppsalaåsen vid konstgjord grundvattenbildning. De viktigaste processerna för minskning av NOM är biologisk avskiljning genom nedbrytning, fysikalisk-kemisk avskiljning genom sorption till metalloxider samt utspädning genom inblandning av naturligt grundvatten. Arbetet bestod av tre delar: 1) analys av vattenkemidata från grundvattenprover, 2) analys av extraktion av TOC, Al och Fe från jordprover för att undersöka utfällning av NOM med metalloxider samt 3) ett inkuberingsexperiment för att utvärdera potentialen för biologisk nedbrytning i löst organiskt material (DOC). Jordproverna hämtades från borrkärnor som tagits på fem platser längs åsen under sommaren 2014. Grundvattenprover togs i 19 brunnar minst en gång per månad från november 2014 fram till april 2015. TOC-halten i grundvattnet är som högst vid infiltrationsbassängerna, ca 15 mg/l. TOC- minskar med 30 % de första 200 metrarna i flödesriktningen men minskningen avtar under grundvattentransporten. I den omättade zonen avskiljs mindre än 10 %. Vattnet i Fyrisån har en varierande sammansättning över ett år, vilket också observerades i provtagningspunkter som ligger närmast infiltrationsanläggningarna. Analys av uran och stabila isotoper visar att dispersion i åsen utjämnar dessa variationer. Analys av UV-absorbans och fluorescens tyder på att det organiska materialet i grundvattnet byter karaktär i den mättade zonen och blir hydrofilt. Resultaten från extraktionerna i jordprover visar på god korrelation mellan Fe och TOC. Bidning till järnoxider antas därför vara den viktigaste avskiljningsmekanismen i åsen. Resultaten indikerar på anrikningar av humuskomplex i de ytligaste jordlagren under sandfiltren samt precis under grundvattenytan i närheten av bassängerna. Inkuberingsexperimentet utfördes genom att grundvatten från fem olika provpunkter sterilfiltrerades. 15 vattenprover tillsattes med inockulat innehållande mikroorganismer och övriga 15 sterila prover användes som referenser. TOC undersöktes varannan vecka på samtliga vattenprover under 1,5 månader. Efter två veckor minskade halten TOC i samtliga prover och referenser med cirka 25 % och var därefter relativt konstant. Sammanfattningsvis sker en snabb minskning av NOM i grundvattnet nära infiltrationsbassängerna. Det antas bero på adsorption till metalloxider och fasta partiklar och biologisk nedbrytning. Minskningstakten av NOM avtar med transportsträckan. Längre bort antas inblandning av naturligt grundvatten vara den viktigaste orsaken till att halten NOM minskar.The drinking water supply in Uppsala is based on this technique which involves surface water from Fyrisån percolating to the ground water through an infiltration basin. This master thesis aims to evaluate the fate of natural organic matter (NOM) in the Uppsala esker during artificial groundwater recharge. The most important processes for the removal of NOM are biological degradation, physical-chemical sorption to metal complexes and dilution by mixing with natural ground water. The work consisted of three parts: 1) analysis of water chemistry data from groundwater samples, 2) analysis of extractions of TOC, Al and Fe from soil samples to evaluate deposition of NOM with metal oxides, and 3) an incubation test to evaluate the potential for biological degradation in dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Soil samples were collected from drill cores taken from five locations along the Uppsala esker in the summer of 2014. Ground water was sampled in 19 wells at least once every month from November 2014 to April 2015. The levels of TOC in ground water are highest at the infiltration basins, about 15 mg/l. The TOC levels drop by 30 % the first 200 meters in the flow direction, but the removal rate decreases during the ground water transport. Less than 10 % is removed in the unsaturated zone. The water in Fyrisån has a variation in composition during a year, which is also observered in sampling points close to the infiltration basins. Analysis of uranium and stable isotopes shows that dispersion in the esker evens these variations. The analysis of absorbance and fluorescence shows that the NOM changes character in the saturated zone and becomes less humificated and becomes hydrophilic. The results from the extractions in the soil samples show a good correlation between Fe and TOC. Complexes of NOM and iron oxides are thought to be the most important complex in the Uppsala esker. The extractions also indicate that enrichments of humus complexes in the uppermost soil of the infiltration basins and right below the ground water table in several locations near the basins. The incubation test was done by sterilization filtering of ground water from five different locations. Inoculate with microorganisms was added to 15 of these samples, while 15 without inoculate was used as reference samples. Analysis of TOC was done every two weeks during 1,5 months. The levels of TOC decreased by 25 % after two weeks in all samples and reference samples, and were stable afterwards. In summary, a quick decrease of NOM occurs in the groundwater close to the infiltration basins. This is mainly caused by sorption and biological degradation. The removal rate of NOM decreases with distance. Further away from the basins, the most important process for decrease of NOM is mixing with local ground water.
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Lin, Jian-Han, and 林建翰. "Mechanical analysis of groundwater recharge by artificial lake." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71680278862697489101.
Full textAbstract:
碩士朝陽科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
102
Taiwan is located in subtropical regions. Frequent rainfall often occurs from May to October. However, there is poor rainfall in most areas from November to April. The proportion of digging well to pump groundwater increases because that the spatial and transient distributions of water resources are not uniform. But over-pumping groundwater causes lowering water table and subsurface settlement. It is an unsaturated analysis to discuss the recharge process of ground water. The two-phase flow was performed to simulate the infiltration behavior of water in ground water recharge problem. Soil medium underwent the process of loading or unloading when water table fell or rose, respectively. The increase of elastic modulus is induced by reducing of pore volume when soil is loading. The mechanical behavior of modulus increase was introduced in the study by using FLAC with double yield model instead of Mohr-Coulomb model. This study was used FLAC to simulate the infiltration process of water in artificial lake recharge case. A parametric study is also performed. The influences of the kind of soil, including sand, loam and silty loam and initial degree of saturation on ground elevation and the total amount of water by recharged. The results show that the stiffness of soil is volumetric strain independent by using Mohr-Coulomb model, but the soil stiffness depends on volumetric strain of soil by using double yield model. The heave of ground surface increases with increasing initial degree of saturation of soil in groundwater recharging phase. The initial degree of saturation is an insignificant factor on the total amount of recharging ground water. However, the total amount of recharging ground water in sand layer is larger than other soils due to its high permeability. But the heave of ground surface is less in sand layer because of less finer particle content.
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Weng, Tsung-Che, and 翁琮哲. "Study on the Efficacy of Groundwater Artificial Recharge." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90318619597886470487.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
土木工程研究所
89
Due to the uneven rainfall distribution in Taiwan, water resources have to be supplemented by drawing underground water in many places. In some areas, the over-drawing of groundwater has resulted in a drop of the ground water table and its storage. The aim of this study is to investigate effectiveness of artificial recharge methods to recharge the groundwater. The methods compared are the artificial recharge basin and ASR well. In this study, three-dimensional groundwater flow model, MODFLOW, developed by USGS is applied to model the recharge effect using different recharge methods. First, a virtual site is set up for artificial recharge basin method. Then based on the surface slope, hydraulic conductivity, area of the recharge basin and groundwater level, the infiltration and recharge effects are compared. In ASR well method, this study uses MODFLOW together with MT3DMS, a three-dimensional transportation model to investigate the recharge and drawing of groundwater of the contaminated water layer. Simulation results show that ASR well is very effective in contaminated water layer. The ASR well can recharge and store plenty of clean water in the contaminated water layer in the wet season, and this stored water can be pumped up for consumption in dry season.
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Brown, Steven Robin. "Unconfined aquifer recharge from water table configuration modeling." 1986. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1986_377_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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"Integrated modelling of clogging processes in artificial groundwater recharge." Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2001. http://www.tesisenxarxa.net/TDX-0629101-083346/.
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Tu, Yung-Chang, and 杜永昌. "A Study on Artificial Recharge of Groundwater in Linpien Basin." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93273188076438906176.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立屏東科技大學
土木工程系所
100
The groundwater is mainly sources in Pingtung area; coastal area has great demand for aquaculture, especially in Linpien township. For that reason, this research aims to find a suitable method for measuring groundwater recharge in the study area. Therefore, Linpien area be chosen for study area, the study used groundwater hydrological data to analyze the characteristics of the groundwater system, including groundwater trend, and the relation between hydrology and groundwater. The studies conducted a pilot test to understand artificial recharge, infiltration, the flow direction of groundwater, and the storage capacity. Finally, to create a numerical model assesses the feasibility and efficiency of groundwater recharge. This study can serve as a guideline for groundwater recharge and management in the future. Assessment of hydorgeological characteristic is to discuss the natural infiltration zone, followed by an estimation of the trend and the character of the groundwater in the entire region. After selecting the optimal site for small-scale pilot testing, a numerical model can thus be constructed to analyze the feasibility of the site and the operations. Natural infiltration zone, which is limited by hydrogeological conditions, is a complex process affected by irrigation, crop, and land use. The mass balance method is used to analyze infiltration zone, results indicate that in the upstream area of the proximal fan, infiltration rates are high and low with gravel sand and with clayey loamy soil and urban land cover, respectively. However, higher proportion of the recharge area is distributed over the middle part of the study area, particularly in the agricultural area. The Groundwater Hydrographs Classification is to determine a hydrograph pattern that describes the water level trend; The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to classify groundwater sampled from 19 stations into exploitation and recharge types, based on the characteristics of each aquifer. Various factors influence groundwater dynamics, including topography, water movement, weather, and other human-related factors. The results indicate that the exploitation type must be in the coastal area, and the recharge type is located upstream Based on the results of the pilot test on artificial groundwater recharge, the hydrogeological condition is suitable for designing an artificial recharge lake, with preliminary infiltration ranging from 10 m/day to 16 m/day. During the initial launch of the pilot test, fine sediments and other clogging materials affected the volume and recharge efficiency. The water budget of the groundwater resources in the study area is 882 Mm3/year by model simulation. Precipitation is the recharge source, has great effect on the alluvial fans, and increases the storage aquifer at a rapid rate. Wanlong area on an alluvial plain with formation of coarse pebbles and extends widely over land, under the recharging lake and covering an area of 180 ha; it has a maximum infiltration volume of 606,119 m3/day, indicates high potential for artificial recharge of groundwater.
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Chou, Jami, and 周建名. "A Feasibilisy Study On Artificial Recharge Of Groundwater For Pingtung Plain." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97406678170420637438.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
土木工程系碩士班
89
Pingtung plain has abundant in groundwater resource and is one the most important agricultural areas in Taiwan. Because groundwater has long been overdrawn improperly in coastal area that caused serious land subsidence, seawater intrusion, and soil salinity. To prevent the problem even deterioration and thus the intrusion line of seawater being pushed backward, many studies have been conducted to figure out the proper solutions. This study focuses on the feasibility study by artificial recharge of groundwater. In this thesis, it is only recently that the government has become aware of need for comprehensive hydrogeological research and planning. Aseries of wellfield along the Kaoping river and four site of artificial lake along the Linpien River have been thus selected for simulation to solve the water resources development. In order to focuses on the favorable evaluation for artificial recharge lake , twelve scenarios have been carried out by using the numerical simulation model in the thesis. To dense the grid of model and to simulate the real scale of artificial lake have also established. Based on the results of the simulation , we contrast set up the artificial-recharg lake is more than well to no set up aarticial-recharge lake for groundwater recharge.And we can find different of set up five lakes or one lake on four meter hydraulic head.